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Tese Doutorado Rafaella Bettamio FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS CENTRO DE PESQUISA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA DO BRASIL – CPDOC PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS DOUTORADO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS Brazil’s Popular Groups: história e significados de uma coleção da Library of Congress APRESENTADA POR RAFAELLA LÚCIA DE AZEVEDO FERREIRA BETTAMIO Rio de Janeiro, Maio de 2018. 2 FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS CENTRO DE PESQUISA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA DO BRASIL – CPDOC PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS MESTRADO ACADÊMICO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS PROFESSOR(A) ORIENTADOR(A) ACADÊMICO(A): DR.ª LUCIANA QUILLET HEYMANN RAFAELLA LÚCIA DE AZEVEDO FERREIRA BETTAMIO Brazil’s Popular Groups: história e significados de uma coleção da Library of Congress Tese de Doutorado em História, Política e Bens Culturais apresentada ao Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil – CPDOC como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutora em História. Rio de Janeiro, Maio de 2018. 3 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Mario Henrique Simonsen/FGV Bettamio, Rafaella Lucia de Azevedo Ferreira Brazil’s Popular Groups: história e significados de uma coleção da Library of Congress / Rafaella Lucia de Azevedo Ferreira Bettamio. – 2018. 215 f. Tese (doutorado) – Escola de Ciências Sociais da Fundação Getulio Vargas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Política e Bens Culturais. Orientadora: Luciana Quillet Heymann. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Movimentos sociais – Brasil – História – Fontes. 2. Bibliotecas – Coleções especiais. 3. Library of Congress. 4. Biblioteca Nacional (Brasil). I. Heymann, Luciana Quillet. II Escola de Ciências Sociais da Fundação Getulio Vargas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Política e Bens Culturais. III. Título. CDD – 303.4840981 4 5 Agradecimentos A minha entrega ao desafio desta tese é resultado de uma série de experiências vividas nos últimos anos, especialmente relacionadas à passagem e ao convívio de pessoas que contribuíram com algo de si para que novas perspectivas e ideias chegassem e, na engrenagem da pesquisa, transformassem a mim e ao texto. Agradeço, primeiramente, à Profa. Luciana Quillet Heymann. Sinto-me privilegiada por contar com a sua orientação durante a jornada longa e árdua do doutorado, período no qual minha admiração – que já não era pequena – só fez crescer diante de sua ética profissional, firmeza, leitura minuciosa e desafiadora, combinadas ao seu acolhimento, presteza e generosidade. Devo a ela o meu olhar mais atento e sensível às práticas, narrativas e interações que envolvem e projetam as coleções e tenho em seu exemplo pessoal e profissional grande inspiração. À banca de defesa, composta pelos Professores Alexandre Moreli, Ana Paula Sampaio Caldeira, José Reginaldo Santos Gonçalves, Tânia Maria Bessone e Vitor Fonseca, muito obrigada pelo privilégio desta interlocução. Aos professores Alexandre e José Reginaldo, em especial, agradeço pelo olhar apurado e pelos valiosos apontamentos que teceram durante a qualificação, fundamentais para o prosseguimento da pesquisa. À Fundação Biblioteca Nacional devo agradecer pelo significativo incentivo recebido com a concessão do afastamento de dois anos e meio para dedicação integral ao doutorado e por ter me apresentado a pessoas especiais, companheiros cuja amizade e solidariedade foram fundamentais durante toda o processo de produção desta tese: Iuri Lapa e Silva, Irineu Corrêa, Christianne Theodoro, Pedro Lapera, Marcus Venicio Ribeiro, Vaneza de Azevedo, Renata Aquino, Bruno Brasil, Thais Helena Almeida, Luciana Muniz, Katia Jane Machado, Jorge Teles, Otávio Alexandre Oliveira, Jacqueline Assemany, Alexandre Barbosa, Carla Rossana Ramos e Vera Lúcia Menezes. Meu especial agradecimento à Luciana Grings, pela pronta cooperação e disponibilidade em compartilhar informações, à Renata Cavalcanti, pelo valioso trabalho de digitalização dos microfilmes da BPG, à Lia Ramos Jordão, minha leitora preferida, por nossa parceria desde o primeiro dia de BN, e a José Augusto Gonçalves, pela gentileza, esclarecimentos e fotografias. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPERJ) pela bolsa de doutorado sanduíche. Ao Professor Bryan McCann, meu coorientador durante o doutorado sanduíche, pela generosidade em me acolher na Georgetown University e por todo o suporte recebido no semestre em que estive em Washington. Ao Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS) da Georgetown University pela recepção calorosa e, em especial, ao Professor Angelo Rivero-Santos, pelos ensinamentos compartilhados a cada reunião, e à Julie Elizabeth Walsh McMurtry, por todo o apoio prestado. À Library of Congress por disponibilizar fontes essenciais à pesquisa e pelo ambiente cordial e agradável, no qual a hospitalidade e a dedicação dos funcionários são pontos marcantes em minha memória. Na Hispanic Division, destaco a acolhida de Carlos Olave, pelas constantes conversas e pela entrevista concedida, e de Georgette Dorn, pela recepção e disponibilidade em responder as minhas questões. Devo agradecimentos também à Cheryl Fox pelo auxílio no acervo da 6 Manuscript Divison, que gerou importantes descobertas para a análise, e ao diretor Beacher Wiggins, meu primeiro entrevistado. À Hanne Kristoffersen que, desde 2013, me recebeu algumas vezes no Rio de Janeiro Overseas office, sempre se dispondo a colaborar, apresentando informações relativas ao processo de produção da BPG. Agradeço também à Debra McKern, Carla Maia e Pamela Howard-Reguindin que, juntamente com Hanne, compartilharam comigo suas experiências profissionais. À Carmen Muricy e Lygia Ballantyne, mentoras da coleção, meu especial agradecimento por aceitarem dividir memórias tão caras à pesquisa, por toda a atenção despendida e disposição em colaborar. Ao Prof. Edmundo Pereira pela oportunidade de participar da disciplina “Coleções, Colecionadores e Práticas de Representação”, oferecida no PPGAS do Museu Nacional em 2014, onde fui apresentada a diferentes perspectivas acerca do universo do colecionamento. Faço questão de agradecer a todos os amigos queridos com os quais venho compartilhando as felicidades e as angústias de “crescer”. À Alejandra Estevez, Priscila Cabral e Marco Antônio Teixeira – meu anjo da guarda para assuntos acadêmicos – obrigada por nosso grupo de estudos, pelas infinitas trocas, ideias e incentivos. À Joana Fróes, Letícia Froés e Manuela Dias por serem e estarem presentes em todos os momentos. Ao meu marido, Raul Cordeiro, por todo amor, compreensão, estímulo e companheirismo, por partilhar dos mesmos sonhos e não medir esforços para torna-los realidade. Aos meus pais – Ronaldo e Tânia –, irmãos – Renata, Melissa e Rodrigo – e sobrinhos – Pedro, Bruno e Mateus –, cujas existências me preenchem com amor, coragem e esperança. Vocês são a origem e a finalidade de tudo. 7 De modo algum a aquisição de livros se resolve apenas com dinheiro ou apenas com o conhecimento de perito. Nem mesmo estes dois fatores juntos bastam para o estabelecimento de uma verdadeira biblioteca, que sempre contém, ao mesmo tempo, o inescrutável e o inconfundível. (Benjamin, 1987: 231) 8 Resumo “Brazil’s Popular Groups: a Collection of Materials Issued by socio-political, Religious, Labor and a Minority Grass-roots Organizations” (BPG) é uma coleção microfilmada que reúne grande variedade de documentos impressos relacionados a grupos populares brasileiros, publicados desde a década de 1960 até a atualidade. Reunidos a partir de meados da década de 1980 pelo escritório de representação da Biblioteca do Congresso norte-americano no Rio de Janeiro – inaugurado em 1966 –, os materiais na BPG estão divididos por períodos e organizados sob diferentes categorias. Mais de trinta bibliotecas dos Estados Unidos, além de instituições de memória e pesquisa da Europa e do Brasil – entre elas a Biblioteca Nacional – possuem microfilmes desta coleção. Interessada em investigar as condições socio-históricas que permitem a constituição de coleções que ganham dimensão pública e os lugares que ocupam tais artefatos, a pesquisa analisa a BPG a partir de sua relação com contextos politicos norte-americanos e brasileiros, atentando para distintas temporalidades e subjetividades que marcaram a sua produção, bem como para sua circulação. O objetivo é dar visibilidade à historicidade da coleção, à construção narrativa de seu colecionador e a alguns dos significados e lugares que lhe foram atribuídos ao longo de sua existência. Palavras-chave: “Brazil’s Popular Groups”, Biblioteca do Congresso norte-americano, coleção, colecionamento, movimentos sociais, Biblioteca Nacional (Brasil). 9 Abstract Brazil’s Popular Groups: a Collection of Materials Issued by socio-political, Religious, Labor and a Minority Grass-roots Organizations (BPG) is a microfilmed collection that brings together a wide variety of printed documents related to Brazilian popular groups, published since the 1960s until the present time. Gathered for the first time in the mid-1980s by the representative office of the Library of Congress in Rio de Janeiro – inaugurated in 1966 – BPG materials are divided by periods and organized under different categories. More than thirty libraries in the United States, as well as memory and research institutions in Europe and Brazil – including the National Library – have microfilms of this collection. Interested in investigating the socio-historical conditions that allow the constitution of collections that gain public dimension and the places that occupy such artifacts,
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