Penguins King Penguin Galapagos Penguin Penguins live in both hot and cold places in the This penguin species is the This penguin is the only Southern Hemisphere, the bottom half of the world, second largest. They have penguin to breed near the below the equator. They have wings but they can orange cheeks and look equator. They feed on not fly, so they use them as flippers. There are 17 similar to Emperor small fish like sardines. different species of penguin. penguins. King penguins do The Galapagos Penguin not make a nest, instead lays its eggs in crevices, All penguins forage for food in the sea. They have the female lays a single egg caves or a burrow to spines in their mouths to stop their prey (fish, squid which the male keeps warm protect them from getting and krill) from swimming away. in a pouch in his belly and too much heat from the balances it on his feet. sun. There are only 1000 Baby penguins are called chicks, born with very fluffy They live around the edges breeding pairs of these feathers and unable to go into the water until they of Antarctica and live on a penguins and so they are have grown their adult feathers. The parents hunt diet of mainly lanternfish at risk of extinction. for food, swallow it down and then bring it back up and squid. to feed to their chicks.

Yellow-eyed Penguin Rockhopper Penguin Chinstrap Penguin

This type of penguin can be There are three types of Chinstrap penguins have found in New Zealand and Rockhopper Penguin: Northern a black line across their has a band of yellow Rockhopper, Eastern cheeks that looks like a feathers on its head as well Rockhopper and Southern chinstrap. They mostly as yellow eyes. The Yellow- Rockhopper. There are very eat krill but sometimes eyed penguin prefers to eat tiny differences between them they eat fish. These fish but will also eat and so they are classed as one penguins live in cold cephalopods. They are species. They live in cold places places. Chinstrap males different to many other and have red eyes, an orange build a nest with pebbles species of penguin because beak and yellow spiky feathers and the female lays two they nest alone (instead of in on their head. Rockhoppers eggs. The parents take huge groups) in thick forest, make a nest with pebbles and turns to look after the usually at the foot of a tree. peat and lay two eggs. The eggs. second is normally stronger than the first.

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Emperor Penguin Little Penguin African Penguin

This is the largest species of This is the smallest These penguins live in penguin. It has patches of penguin and is Africa. The African yellow on its ears and sometimes called a Blue penguin has a black band breast. They live in penguin. It lives in on its white breast and Antarctica and catch fish Australia and New patches of skin on its from the sea to eat. They Zealand. They usually face, which helps the do not build a nest. make a hole in the penguin to cool down Instead, the male penguin ground to lay their eggs when it gets too hot. To holds the egg in a pouch in and then the male and lay its eggs, it burrows its belly. After the chicks female take it in turns to into the ground or lays have hatched, baby look after them. them in rock crevices or penguins stand on the feet Sometimes they nest under shrubs. This of its father so that they do under beach houses. species eats a lot of not get cold. anchovies.

Adelie Penguin Humboldt Penguin Snares Penguin

This species has a long tail This species is sometimes They live on an island that drags along the called a Peruvian called Snares Island in ground and white around penguin. They are a New Zealand. It has a its eyes. The female medium-sized penguin yellow crest on its face penguin lays her eggs in a that live in South and red eyes. The female nest that she makes with America. It has patches penguin lays two eggs in pebbles and moss. Adelie of skin on its face to help a nest. The first one is a penguins often fight over it cool down and it has a lot smaller than the these small stones and black bill. It digs into second one. The second steal them from each the guano (bird poo) or egg hatches a much other. The male keeps the the ground to lay its bigger penguin that is eggs warm and then the eggs. Sometimes it uses better at surviving. female goes to hunt for caves. food, then they swap jobs.

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Fiordland Penguin Gentoo Penguin Erect-crested Penguin

The Fiorland penguin has a This species has a white Erect-crested penguins have yellow stripe which extends patch around its eye yellow plumes that stand from above the eye and joined to a white stripe upright (erect). When the drops in a plume. They that joins at the top of plumes are wet, they drop nest in the rainforest on the its head. It mainly feeds down, making it difficult to Fiorland Island coast in on krill that it forages identify them. The female New Zealand; in caves, at for, close to the shore on usually lays her two eggs the foot of trees or in thick sub-Antarctic islands. straight onto bare rock. undergrowth. The female They build nests with This penguin species is lays two eggs. The first pebbles, often fighting found in New Zealand and egg usually hatches after over the best pebbles for little is known about its the first, is much weaker nest building, and the diet, although studies have and most of the time does female lays two eggs. shown that it eats squid. not survive. This species is the third largest penguin.

Royal Penguin Macaroni Penguin Magellanic Penguin

Magellanic penguins are Some scientists class these penguins as different similar to the African species and some class them as the same. The penguins. They live Macaroni penguin has a black face, whereas the along the coast of South Royal penguin has a white one. Both variants have America. It has two oranges plumes. When nesting, the birds either black bands between the make a nest with pebbles,This speciei or lay their eggs straight breast and the head and onto bare rock. Two eggs are laid, with the first bare skin on its face to rarely surviving past the laying of the second egg. help it regulate its They can be found on the sub-Antarctic islands. temperature. This species This species of penguin feeds on crustaceans mainly often burrows into the and in some areas, fish make up about 50% its ground to nest, with the diet. females laying two eggs, both of which are usually raised to adulthood.

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Penguins

Complete this table with . (AF2)

Balances Type of Builds a Lives in a Lives in a Digs a hole Yellow Skin on its Lays two baby/egg Red Eyes Penguin Nest cold place hot place for a nest Crest face eggs on its feet Emperor Snares Adelie Little African Humboldt Yellow-eyed Rockhopper Chinstrap King Galapagos Fiordland Gentoo Erect-crested Magellanic Royal Macaroni

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Why has the writer put the information in boxes? (AF4)

What do penguins use their wings for? (AF7)

Do you think all penguins lay eggs? (AF3)

Why do you think Emperor penguins do not build a nest? (AF3)

Which two pairs of penguins are the most similar? (AF2)

Why do you think the Humboldt penguin is sometimes called a Peruvian penguin? (AF7)

Why do you think chicks feathers are unsuitable for the water? (AF7)

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Penguins

Complete this table with . (AF2)

Balances Type of Builds a Lives in a Lives in a Digs a hole Yellow Skin on its Lays two baby/egg Red Eyes Penguin Nest cold place hot place for a nest Crest face eggs on its feet Emperor   Snares       Adelie   Little   African    Humboldt    Yellow-eyed  Rockhopper      Chinstrap    King   Galapagos   Fiordland    Gentoo    Erect-crested    Magellanic     Royal    Macaroni   

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius ANSWERS Why has the writer put the information in boxes? (AF4) To make it easier to read.

What do penguins use their wings for? (AF7) Swimming

Do you think all penguins lay eggs? (AF3) Yes, they are birds.

Why do you think Emperor penguins do not build a nest? (AF3) Because they have a pouch to hold their eggs and the baby can stand on the feet of their fathers – so no nest is needed.

Which two pairs of penguins are the most similar? (AF2) Humboldt and African, Royal and Macaroni.

Why do you think the Humboldt penguin is sometimes called a Peruvian penguin? (AF7) They can be found in Peru.

Why do you think chicks feathers are unsuitable for the water? (AF7) They are not waterproof.

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© Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius ANSWERS