DOCSLIB.ORG

Classroomsecrets.Com

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Penguins King Penguin Galapagos Penguin Penguins live in both hot and cold places in the This penguin species is the This penguin is the only Southern Hemisphere, the bottom half of the world, second largest. They have penguin to breed near the below the equator. They have wings but they can orange cheeks and look equator. They feed on not fly, so they use them as flippers. There are 17 similar to Emperor small fish like sardines. different species of penguin. penguins. King penguins do The Galapagos Penguin not make a nest, instead lays its eggs in crevices, All penguins forage for food in the sea. They have the female lays a single egg caves or a burrow to spines in their mouths to stop their prey (fish, squid which the male keeps warm protect them from getting and krill) from swimming away. in a pouch in his belly and too much heat from the balances it on his feet. sun. There are only 1000 Baby penguins are called chicks, born with very fluffy They live around the edges breeding pairs of these feathers and unable to go into the water until they of Antarctica and live on a penguins and so they are have grown their adult feathers. The parents hunt diet of mainly lanternfish at risk of extinction. for food, swallow it down and then bring it back up and squid. to feed to their chicks. Yellow-eyed Penguin Rockhopper Penguin Chinstrap Penguin This type of penguin can be There are three types of Chinstrap penguins have found in New Zealand and Rockhopper Penguin: Northern a black line across their has a band of yellow Rockhopper, Eastern cheeks that looks like a feathers on its head as well Rockhopper and Southern chinstrap. They mostly as yellow eyes. The Yellow- Rockhopper. There are very eat krill but sometimes eyed penguin prefers to eat tiny differences between them they eat fish. These fish but will also eat and so they are classed as one penguins live in cold cephalopods. They are species. They live in cold places places. Chinstrap males different to many other and have red eyes, an orange build a nest with pebbles species of penguin because beak and yellow spiky feathers and the female lays two they nest alone (instead of in on their head. Rockhoppers eggs. The parents take huge groups) in thick forest, make a nest with pebbles and turns to look after the usually at the foot of a tree. peat and lay two eggs. The eggs. second is normally stronger than the first. classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Emperor Penguin Little Penguin African Penguin This is the largest species of This is the smallest These penguins live in penguin. It has patches of penguin and is Africa. The African yellow on its ears and sometimes called a Blue penguin has a black band breast. They live in penguin. It lives in on its white breast and Antarctica and catch fish Australia and New patches of skin on its from the sea to eat. They Zealand. They usually face, which helps the do not build a nest. make a hole in the penguin to cool down Instead, the male penguin ground to lay their eggs when it gets too hot. To holds the egg in a pouch in and then the male and lay its eggs, it burrows its belly. After the chicks female take it in turns to into the ground or lays have hatched, baby look after them. them in rock crevices or penguins stand on the feet Sometimes they nest under shrubs. This of its father so that they do under beach houses. species eats a lot of not get cold. anchovies. Adelie Penguin Humboldt Penguin Snares Penguin This species has a long tail This species is sometimes They live on an island that drags along the called a Peruvian called Snares Island in ground and white around penguin. They are a New Zealand. It has a its eyes. The female medium-sized penguin yellow crest on its face penguin lays her eggs in a that live in South and red eyes. The female nest that she makes with America. It has patches penguin lays two eggs in pebbles and moss. Adelie of skin on its face to help a nest. The first one is a penguins often fight over it cool down and it has a lot smaller than the these small stones and black bill. It digs into second one. The second steal them from each the guano (bird poo) or egg hatches a much other. The male keeps the the ground to lay its bigger penguin that is eggs warm and then the eggs. Sometimes it uses better at surviving. female goes to hunt for caves. food, then they swap jobs. classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Fiordland Penguin Gentoo Penguin Erect-crested Penguin The Fiorland penguin has a This species has a white Erect-crested penguins have yellow stripe which extends patch around its eye yellow plumes that stand from above the eye and joined to a white stripe upright (erect). When the drops in a plume. They that joins at the top of plumes are wet, they drop nest in the rainforest on the its head. It mainly feeds down, making it difficult to Fiorland Island coast in on krill that it forages identify them. The female New Zealand; in caves, at for, close to the shore on usually lays her two eggs the foot of trees or in thick sub-Antarctic islands. straight onto bare rock. undergrowth. The female They build nests with This penguin species is lays two eggs. The first pebbles, often fighting found in New Zealand and egg usually hatches after over the best pebbles for little is known about its the first, is much weaker nest building, and the diet, although studies have and most of the time does female lays two eggs. shown that it eats squid. not survive. This species is the third largest penguin. Royal Penguin Macaroni Penguin Magellanic Penguin Magellanic penguins are Some scientists class these penguins as different similar to the African species and some class them as the same. The penguins. They live Macaroni penguin has a black face, whereas the along the coast of South Royal penguin has a white one. Both variants have America. It has two oranges plumes. When nesting, the birds either black bands between the make a nest with pebbles,This speciei or lay their eggs straight breast and the head and onto bare rock. Two eggs are laid, with the first bare skin on its face to rarely surviving past the laying of the second egg. help it regulate its They can be found on the sub-Antarctic islands. temperature. This species This species of penguin feeds on crustaceans mainly often burrows into the and in some areas, fish make up about 50% its ground to nest, with the diet. females laying two eggs, both of which are usually raised to adulthood. classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Penguins Complete this table with . (AF2) Balances Type of Builds a Lives in a Lives in a Digs a hole Yellow Skin on its Lays two baby/egg Red Eyes Penguin Nest cold place hot place for a nest Crest face eggs on its feet Emperor Snares Adelie Little African Humboldt Yellow-eyed Rockhopper Chinstrap King Galapagos Fiordland Gentoo Erect-crested Magellanic Royal Macaroni classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Why has the writer put the information in boxes? (AF4) What do penguins use their wings for? (AF7) Do you think all penguins lay eggs? (AF3) Why do you think Emperor penguins do not build a nest? (AF3) Which two pairs of penguins are the most similar? (AF2) Why do you think the Humboldt penguin is sometimes called a Peruvian penguin? (AF7) Why do you think chicks feathers are unsuitable for the water? (AF7) classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius Penguins Complete this table with . (AF2) Balances Type of Builds a Lives in a Lives in a Digs a hole Yellow Skin on its Lays two baby/egg Red Eyes Penguin Nest cold place hot place for a nest Crest face eggs on its feet Emperor Snares Adelie Little African Humboldt Yellow-eyed Rockhopper Chinstrap King Galapagos Fiordland Gentoo Erect-crested Magellanic Royal Macaroni classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius ANSWERS Why has the writer put the information in boxes? (AF4) To make it easier to read. What do penguins use their wings for? (AF7) Swimming Do you think all penguins lay eggs? (AF3) Yes, they are birds. Why do you think Emperor penguins do not build a nest? (AF3) Because they have a pouch to hold their eggs and the baby can stand on the feet of their fathers – so no nest is needed. Which two pairs of penguins are the most similar? (AF2) Humboldt and African, Royal and Macaroni. Why do you think the Humboldt penguin is sometimes called a Peruvian penguin? (AF7) They can be found in Peru. Why do you think chicks feathers are unsuitable for the water? (AF7) They are not waterproof. classroomsecrets.com © Classroom Secrets Limited 2014 Comprehension – Penguins – 5 – Genius ANSWERS.
Recommended publications
  • Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus Humboldti Population in Chile: Counts of Moulting Birds, February 1999–2008

    Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus Humboldti Population in Chile: Counts of Moulting Birds, February 1999–2008

    Wallace & Araya: Humboldt Penguin population in Chile 107 HUMBOLDT PENGUIN SPHENISCUS HUMBOLDTI POPULATION IN CHILE: COUNTS OF MOULTING BIRDS, FEBRUARY 1999–2008 ROBERTA S. WALLACE1 & BRAULIO ARAYA2 1Milwaukee County Zoo, 10001 W. Blue Mound Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA ([email protected]) 2Calle Lima 193. Villa Alemana, V Región, Chile Received 19 August 2014, accepted 9 December 2014 SUMMARY WALLACE, R.S. & ARAYA, B. 2015. Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti population in Chile: counts of moulting birds, February 1999–2008. Marine Ornithology 43: 107–112 We conducted annual counts of moulting Humboldt Penguins roosting on the mainland coast and on offshore islands in north and central Chile during 1999–2008. The census area included the known major breeding colonies in Chile, where many penguins moult, as well as other sites. Population size was relatively stable across years, with an average of 33 384 SD 2 372 (range: 28 642–35 284) penguins counted, but the number of penguins found at any individual site could vary widely. Shifting penguin numbers suggest that penguins tend to aggregate to moult where food is abundant. While many of the major breeding sites are afforded some form of protected status, two sites with sizable penguin populations, Tilgo Island and Pájaros-1 Island, have no official protection. These census results provide a basis upon which future population trends can be compared. Key words: penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, census, Chile INTRODUCTION penguin taking less than three weeks to moult (Paredes et al. 2003). Penguins remain on land during moult, and they return to The Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti is a species endemic sea immediately after moulting (Zavalaga & Paredes 1997).
  • Fidelity to Nest Site and Mate in Fiordland Crested Penguins 37

    Fidelity to Nest Site and Mate in Fiordland Crested Penguins 37

    1999 St Clair et al.: Fidelity to nest site and mate in Fiordland Crested Penguins 37 FIDELITY TO NEST SITE AND MATE IN FIORDLAND CRESTED PENGUINS EUDYPTES PACHYRHYNCHUS COLLEEN CASSADY ST CLAIR1, IAN G. McLEAN2,3, JAN O. MURIE1, STEPHEN M. PHILLIPSON4 & BELINDA J.S. STUDHOLME5 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada ([email protected]) 2Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand 3Current Address: Natural Heritage Division, Kings Park and Botanic Gardens, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia 4Department of Conservation, PO Box 8, Arthur’s Pass, New Zealand 546A Hackthorne Road, Christchurch 2, New Zealand SUMMARY ST CLAIR, C.C., McLEAN, I.G., MURIE, J.O., PHILLIPSON, S.M. & STUDHOLME, B.J.S. 1999. Fidelity to nest site and mate in Fiordland Crested Penguins Eudyptes pachyrhynchus. Marine Ornithology 27: 37–41. Fiordland Crested Penguins Eudyptes pachyrhynchus are the least gregarious of the crested penguins, breed- ing in caves, burrows, and under dense vegetation along the coast of Fiordland, New Zealand. A popula- tion on Open Bay Island was monitored, with varying degrees of intensity, from 1988 to 1995. During this period, 175 adults were banded in three semi-contiguous areas and their returns to 46 mapped nest sites were recorded. In 1989, reproductive success to the crèche stage was also known. Return rates (used here as minimum annual survival estimates) ranged from 53–83% with means of 71% for both sexes. Mean nest fidelity averaged 76% for males and 72% for females with slightly lower values for mate fidelity (64% for males, 62% for females).
  • A New Home for Penguins a New Front Door to the Zoo

    A New Home for Penguins a New Front Door to the Zoo

    A New Home for Penguins A New Front Door to the Zoo A new, state-of-the-art exhibit draws visitors directly into our mission, educating them about ennis Conner the plight of these enchanting, flightless birds and the actions people can take to save them. D Ryan Hawk AT A GLANCE HABITAT They are the zoo’s natural comedians, a delightful must- natural home. The exhibit also enhances the penguins’ lives Humboldt penguins live along the rugged see animal for visitors of all ages. Yet the penguins’ current with a state-of-the-art biofiltration and rain water harvest- coastline of Peru and Chile exhibit — originally built for seals and sea lions 60 years ing system that dramatically minimizes water loss. Because ago — is well below today’s standards for animal care and Humboldt penguins reside in coastal habitats, the new NUMBER conservation education. penguin exhibit will tell a compelling conservation story Only 10,000-12,000 remain in the wild that resonates with the marine-savvy, Pacific Northwest You can help build a stunning new, naturalistic home OPPORTUNITY specifically designed for penguins, inspiring our guests to community. A new state-of-the art, environmentally take conservation actions on their behalf! With a glass- And, what better way to meet the penguins than through friendly home for breeding endangered Humboldt penguins helps visitors learn wall, underwater viewing is a cornerstone of this signature a new entry to the zoo! Revolutionizing how we welcome how to make choices that keep marine exhibit,COMPLETED allowing guests to see these aquatic acrobats fly and serve our guests, this new “front door” will provide environments healthy while immersing visitors through water at up to 20 m.p.h.
  • Declining Eastern Rockhopper (Eudyptes Filholi) and Erect-Crested (E

    Declining Eastern Rockhopper (Eudyptes Filholi) and Erect-Crested (E

    124 AvailableNew on-lineZealand at: Journal http://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/ of Ecology, Vol. 38, No. 1, 2014 Declining eastern rockhopper (Eudyptes filholi) and erect-crested (E. sclateri) penguins on the Antipodes Islands, New Zealand Johanna A. Hiscock1 and B. Louise Chilvers2* 1Southern Islands, Department of Conservation, PO Box 743, Invercargill, New Zealand 2Marine Species and Threats, Department of Conservation, PO Box 10 420, Wellington, New Zealand *Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) Published online: 7 November 2013 Abstract: New Zealand’s subantarctic Antipodes Islands are of international significance for breeding seabirds. However, penguin populations on the islands are declining. Uncertainty about the extent of this decline has been accentuated by a lack of accurate information on the population size and nest distribution of the penguin species, and the absence of an appropriate methodology for their long-term monitoring. We surveyed the nest abundance and distribution of eastern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes filholi) and erect-crested penguins (E. sclateri) on the Antipodes Islands from 22 October to 6 November 2011 and compared counts with historical censuses from 1978 to 1995. Presence or absence of colonies previously known to have existed was recorded and counts of all nests within colonies around the islands were undertaken. In total, 42 689 nests of both species were counted over 103 colonies. Of these, 86% of nests (2475 rockhopper and 34 226 erect-crested) were counted accurately from on land. Overall, 24 entire colonies have ceased to exist since 1978, and there was an estimated 23% decline in the number of penguin nests between 1995 and 2011.
  • Foraging Strategy Plasticity in Fiordland Penguins (Eudyptes Pachyrhynchus): a Stable Isotope Approach

    Foraging Strategy Plasticity in Fiordland Penguins (Eudyptes Pachyrhynchus): a Stable Isotope Approach

    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2020 FORAGING STRATEGY PLASTICITY IN FIORDLAND PENGUINS (EUDYPTES PACHYRHYNCHUS): A STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH Jeffrey Wayne White [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation White, Jeffrey Wayne, "FORAGING STRATEGY PLASTICITY IN FIORDLAND PENGUINS (EUDYPTES PACHYRHYNCHUS): A STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH" (2020). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1284. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1284 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. FORAGING STRATEGY PLASTICITY IN FIORDLAND PENGUINS (EUDYPTES PACHYRHYNCHUS): A STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Biology by Jeffrey Wayne White Approved by Dr. Herman Mays, Committee Chairperson Dr. Anne Axel Dr. Jennifer Mosher Dr. John Hopkins III Marshall University May 2020 APPROVAL OF THESIS We, the faculty supervising the work of Jeffrey Wayne White, affirm that the thesis, Foraging strategy plasticity in Fiordland Penguins (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus): A stable isotope approach, meets the high academic standards for original scholarship and creative work established by the Biology Department and the College of Arts and Sciences. This work also conforms to the editorial standards of our discipline and the Graduate College of Marshall University.
  • Sentinels of the Ocean the Science of the World’S Penguins

    Sentinels of the Ocean the Science of the World’S Penguins

    A scientific report from The Pew Charitable Trusts April 2015 Sentinels Of the Ocean The science of the world’s penguins Contents 1 Overview 1 Status of penguin populations 1 Penguin biology Species 3 22 The Southern Ocean 24 Threats to penguins Fisheries 24 Increasing forage fisheries 24 Bycatch 24 Mismatch 24 Climate change 25 Habitat degradation and changes in land use 25 Petroleum pollution 25 Guano harvest 26 Erosion and loss of native plants 26 Tourism 26 Predation 26 Invasive predators 26 Native predators 27 Disease and toxins 27 27 Protecting penguins Marine protected areas 27 Ecosystem-based management 29 Ocean zoning 29 Habitat protections on land 30 31 Conclusion 32 References This report was written for Pew by: Pablo García Borboroglu, Ph.D., president, Global Penguin Society P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D., director, Center for Penguins as Ocean Sentinels, University of Washington Caroline Cappello, Center for Penguins as Ocean Sentinels, University of Washington Pew’s environmental initiative Joshua S. Reichert, executive vice president Tom Wathen, vice president Environmental science division Becky Goldburg, Ph.D., director, environmental science Rachel Brittin, officer, communications Polita Glynn, director, Pew Marine Fellows Program Ben Shouse, senior associate Charlotte Hudson, director, Lenfest Ocean Program Anthony Rogers, senior associate Katie Matthews, Ph.D., manager Katy Sater, senior associate Angela Bednarek, Ph.D., manager Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the many contributors to Penguins: Natural History and Conservation (University of Washington Press, 2013), upon whose scholarship this report is based. Used by permission of the University of Washington Press The environmental science team would like to thank Dee Boersma, Pablo “Popi” Borboroglu, and Caroline Cappello for sharing their knowledge of penguins by writing and preparing this report.
  • Changes in Abundance and Distribution of Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus Humboldti

    Changes in Abundance and Distribution of Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus Humboldti

    Vianna et al.: Abundance and distribution of Humboldt Penguin 153 CHANGES IN ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF HUMBOLDT PENGUIN SPHENISCUS HUMBOLDTI JULIANA A. VIANNA1, MARITZA CORTES2, BÁRBARA RAMOS3, NICOLE SALLABERRY-PINCHEIRA1,3, DANIEL GONZÁLEZ- ACUÑA4, GISELE P.M. DANTAS5, JOÃO MORGANTE6, ALEJANDRO SIMEONE3 & GUILLERMO LUNA-JORQUERA2 1Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña MacKenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile ([email protected]) 2Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile 3Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Santiago, Chile 4Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Chillán, Chile 5Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 6Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, São Paulo, Brazil Received 26 July 2013, accepted 15 May 2014 SUMMARY VIANNA, J.A., CORTES, M., RAMOS, B., SALLABERRY-PINCHEIRA, N., GONZÁLEZ-ACUÑA, D., DANTAS, G.P.M., MORGANTE, J., SIMEONE, A. & LUNA-JORQUERA, G. 2014. Changes in abundance and distribution of Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti. Marine Ornithology 42: 153–159. Patterns of species abundance distribution (SAD) are driven by a given species’ physiology, life history attributes and environmental variables, and this is true of the Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti. Climate variability such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has impacted this species and other marine fauna in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. After reviewing manuscripts and reports, we identified 80 Humboldt Penguin breeding colonies, distributed from La Foca Island (05°12′S, 81°12′W) in Peru to Metalqui Island (42°12′S, 74°09′W) in Chile, but reduced the number to 73 after fieldwork surveys in northern Chile.
  • Order SPHENISCIFORMES: Penguins Family

    Order SPHENISCIFORMES: Penguins Family

    D .W . .5 / DY a 5D t w[ { wt Ç"" " !W5 í ÇI &'(' / b ù b a L w 5 ! ) " í "* " Ç t+ t " h " * { b ù" t* /& //0/1 2 /30/4 Order SPHENISCIFORMES: Penguins The order Sphenisciformes is placed before Procellariiformes following numerous previous authors (e.g. Oliver 1930, 1955; Peters 1931; Checklist Committee 1953, 1970; Harrison 1983; Marchant & Higgins 1990; Howard & Moore 1991; del Hoyo et al. 1992; Christidis & Boles 1994) and in new research (e.g. Sibley & Ahlquist 1990; Sibley & Monroe 1990; McKitrick 1991; Paterson et al. 1993, 1995, 2000; Warham 1996: 481; Paterson & Gray 1997; Nunn & Stanley 1998; Livezey & Zusi 2001; van Tuinen et al. 2001; Kennedy & Page 2002; Livezey & Zusi 2007). However, Sphenisciformes was placed after Procellariiformes by Checklist Committee (1990), presumably following Mayr & Cottrell (1979). The reasons for the latter sequence were not adequately detailed by Mayr & Cottrell (1979: vi) who referred to Jollès et al. (1976) although the latter authors did not provide a justification for the new arrangement. Subsequent publications have provided no reason to change the traditional taxonomic order. Some authors consider Procellariiformes to be the likely ancestor of Sphenisciformes (e.g. Simpson 1971, 1975) but this is far from clear (e.g. Clarke et al. 2003, Davis & Renner 2003, Dyke & van Tuinen 2004, Ksepka et al. 2006). Family SPHENISCIDAE Bonaparte: Penguins Spheniscidae Bonaparte, 1831: Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 49: 62 – Type genus Spheniscus Brisson, 1760. Several subfamilies have been used in the past for fossil penguins but currently most authors use one family, Spheniscidae, for all penguins (e.g.
  • Factors Affecting the Population Dynamics of Eastern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes Chrysocome Filholi) on Campbell Island, New Zealand

    Factors Affecting the Population Dynamics of Eastern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes Chrysocome Filholi) on Campbell Island, New Zealand

    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. © Kyle W. Morrison 2015 1 Factors affecting the population dynamics of Eastern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) on Campbell Island, New Zealand A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand Kyle William Morrison 2015 2 Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. 3 ABSTRACT The population dynamics of seabirds may be influenced by ‘top-down’ predation effects, or from the ‘bottom-up’ by environmental limitations on food availability. Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) populations have declined hugely at multiple sites across their circumpolar, sub-Antarctic range in recent decades, resulting in an extinction risk of ‘Vulnerable’. They are a small-bodied penguin, adapted to exploit seasonally abundant, pelagic prey by being migratory and having prolonged fasting periods onshore and foraging offshore during breeding. Mysteriously, like other Eudyptes penguins they lay an extremely dimorphic two-egg clutch in which the first-laid egg is smaller and less successful, and rarely fledge two chicks. The world’s largest population (c. 620,000 pairs) of the Eastern sub-species (E.
  • Field Studies of Spheniscus Penguins DAVID CAMERON Duffy

    Field Studies of Spheniscus Penguins DAVID CAMERON Duffy

    SPN August, 1991 Spheniscus Penguin Newsletter vol. 4, number 1 In this Issue The British and Irish Humboldt Studbook, 1990 1 Planning for the Future of North American Humboldts 1 Hand-rearing Humboldts at Sea World, San Diego 2 Building Better Nesting Sites for Spheniscus Penguins 8 A Survey of Spheniscus Field Studies 10 A Selected Bibliography of Spheniscus Penguins 16 This issue of SPN : The major articles in this issue, with the exception of 'Nesting Sites for Spheniscus Penguins/" are from papers presented at the Spheniscus Workshop held at the AAZPA Regional Conference in Sacramento, California, in March 1990. Other papers presented at that workshop were included in the November, 1990 SPN, and it was intended to include all remaining papers in this issue. Unforhmate realities of printing costs/ however, forced a change in plan (see below for information on contributing toward production costs of this publication). Papers remaining, for our next issue, are: "Avian Malaria/" "Incubation Behavior Patterns in Adelies/" "Molt Patterns of Black-footed Penguins," and "Diet, Feeding Regimen, and Growth Rates in Hand-reared Magellanic Chicks." Thanks to the authors and to the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, for permission to reprint these papers. Publication information: SPN Spheniscus Penguin Newsletter ISSN # 1045-0076 Indexed in Wildlife Review SPN is published twice aIUlUally, with financial support from the Portland Chapter of the American Association ofZoo Keepers, and the Metro Washington Park Zoo. Subscription is free, to those with a serious interest in Spheniscus penguins. Contributions toward printing and postage costs arewelcome (and tax-deductible in the US) ;please make checks payable to "Portland Chapter, AAZK," and send to the Editor at the address below.
  • Spheniscus Humboldti): Implications for Habitat Conservation

    Spheniscus Humboldti): Implications for Habitat Conservation

    PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of nest type and sex on blood saccharide profiles in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti): Implications for habitat conservation 1 2 3 David J. Schaeffer , Jeffrey M. Levengood , Michael J. AdkessonID * 1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 2 Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois, United States of America a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Reproductive success of endangered Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) colonies in Peru has been associated with nesting habitat type, presumably due to differences in environmental exposure and activity patterns that may affect energy demands and metabo- OPEN ACCESS lism. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to determine serum concen- trations of 19 saccharides from 30 Humboldt penguins nesting at Punta San Juan, Peru in Citation: Schaeffer DJ, Levengood JM, Adkesson MJ (2020) Effects of nest type and sex on blood order to evaluate differences in metabolic state between penguins nesting in a sheltered saccharide profiles in Humboldt penguins burrow or crevice (n = 17) and those in exposed surface nests (n = 13). Univariate and multi- (Spheniscus humboldti): Implications for habitat variate statistical analyses identified serum saccharides (arabinose, maltose, glucose-6- conservation. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233101. https:// phosphate, and levoglucosenone in particular) that were nest-dimorphic with substantial dif- doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233101 ferences between surface- and sheltered-nesting penguins.
  • Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand

    Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand

    Notornis, 2001, Vol. 48: 1-40 0029-4470 0 The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. 2001 Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand COLIN M. MISKELLY Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Current address: Wellington Conservancy, Department of Conservation, PO. Box 5086, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] PAUL M. SAGAR National Institute of Water &Atmospheric Research, PO. Box 8602, Christchurch ALAN J.D. TENNYSON Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO. Box 467, Wellington R. PAUL SCOFIELD Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO. Box 56, Dunedin Abstract Bird records from the Snares Islands between Dec 1982 and Oct 2000 are summarised. Population estimates and distributions are given for the 29 breeding species. Bird species recorded breeding on the Snares Is for the first time since 1982 were southern black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophtys), Chatham Island albatross (D. eremita), mallard (Anasplatyrhynchos), southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus), fantail (Rhipidura Juliginosa), and starling (Sturnus vulyaris). Fantails are now abundant on the Snares Is. Published work on the breeding chronology and breeding success of 8 intensively studied species is summarised, and new information on breeding ecology is presented for all breeding species. Sighting of 70 non-breeding and vagrant species are summarised;34 of these were new records from the Snares Is since 1980. The total bird list for the Snares Is is now 99 species, with a further 8 species reported from boats offshore. Miskelly, C.M.; Sagar, EM.; Tennyson, A.J.D;Scofield, R.l? 2001. Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand.Notornis 48(1): 1-40.