Overview of City Planning

SENDAI CITY PLANNING 2019 SENDAI CITY PLANNING 2019

Overview of City Planning ■City Planning Process (§=article number) for Periods after April 1, 2012 City Planning Process Prefecture Planning Process under appropriate restrictions. With this ultimate purpose in mind, the City Planning The Purpose of City Planning Law defines various rules for the procedures and plans that are necessary to Include Resident Opinions through Create Draft Create Draft determine land use, improve urban facilities, and carry out urban development Public Discussions and Meetings §16 The ultimate purpose of city planning is to enable functional urban activities and projects. These rules are defined to promote good development and organized City Opinions §18 healthy and cultured urban lives, while maintaining harmony with agriculture, improvements in urban areas, while contributing to balanced development forestry, and fishery. In order to achieve this, land must be used in a practical way Announce Draft for Announce Draft for throughout Japan and the promotion of public welfare. Submit Opinions §17 Public Viewing §17 Public Viewing §17

■City Planning System City Planning Area §5 Quasi City Planning Area §5-2 Municipal City Municipal City Planning Council §19 Planning Council §18 Improvement, Development and Preservation Policy for the City Planning Area §6-2

Basic City Planning Policy for Local Governments §18-2 Prefecture Governor Consultation §19 (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Coordinate with Other (Opinions §87-2) Transport Agrees §18) Government Oﬃces §23

Urbanization Promotion Area and Urbanization Control Area §7 Urban Facilities§11 Urban Development Projects§12 (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and City’s Urban Redevelopment Policy §7-2 Transportation Facilities Land Readjustment Projects Transport Agrees §87-2) Decide Final City Plan §18 Roads Urban Rapid Transit New Residential Area Development Projects Zones and Districts§8 Parking Lots Parking Lots Motor Vehicle Terminals Industrial Park Development Projects Land Use Zones Other Urban Redevelopment Projects Decide Final City Plan §19 Announce Decision for Special Use Districts (§87-2) Public Viewing §20 New Urban Infrastructure Development Projects Public Spaces Specific Use Restriction Zones Residential Area Development Projects Parks Greenery Areas Plazas Exceptional Floor Area Ratio Districts Disaster Prevention Area Development Projects Announce Decision for High-Rise Residential Districts Cemeteries Other Public Viewing §20 Height Control Districts/Intensive Use Districts Future Urban Development Project Districts§12-2 Items in parentheses are procedures that take place when City Planning Law article 87-2 applies Utility Provision and Treatment Facilities Designated Districts Future New Residential Area Development Project Districts Waterworks Power Facilities Special Urban Regeneration Districts Future Industrial Park Development Project Districts ○Procedures for Urban Planning Established by the City of Sendai ○Procedures for Urban Planning Established by Miyagi Prefectural Gas Facilities Sewerage ・Area Classification (Urbanization Promotion Area and Government Fire Protection Zones/Quasi-Fire Protection Zones Future New Urban Infrastructure Development Project Districts ・ Waste Incineration Plants Other Urbanization Control Area) City Planning Area Designated Disaster Prevention Area Development Districts Future Housing Complex Residential Facility Districts (over 20ha) ・Improvement, Development and Preservation Policy ・City’s Urban Redevelopment Policy for the City Planning Area Aesthetic Districts Waterways Future Housing Complex Government Facility Districts ・ Zones and Districts (Land Use Zones) ・ 1 2 Rivers Canals Other Urban Facilities (Parks * , Sewerage * ) Scenic Districts Future Distribution and Business Park Districts ・Urban Facilities (Roads, Parks, Sewerage) * 1: Land 10 ha or larger set by the national government ・ * 2: Public sewerage system in districts of municipalities where Parking Provision Districts Education and Culture Facilities District Plans District Plans §12-4 there are two or more drainage areas Schools Libraries Research Facilities Port Districts Other Gymnasiums District Plans Special Historic Feature Preservation District City Plan Proposal System Expert Dispatch Support System for Community Planning District Plan for the Maintenance and Improvement of Historic Scenery Category I Historic Feature Preservation Districts/ Medical and Social Welfare Facilities The 2002 revision to the City Planning Law made it possible for people to propose In order to support community planning activities voluntarily performed Disaster Prevention Area Development District Plans Category II Historic Feature Preservation Districts Hospitals Nurseries Other community development-related city plans. This system was introduced to vitalize by residents and promote developing a unique community that makes Special Greenery Preservation Districts Roadside District Plans local communities and encourage residents to look over the development of their full use of the features and resources of local communities, the City of Markets Slaughterhouses community. Sendai has developed a system in which specialists are dispatched to Neighborhood District Plans Greenery Preservation Districts, Greenery Promotion Districts Thanks to this system, it is now possible for land owners to propose city plans and organizations that are carrying out urban planning to provide expert Distribution and Business Districts Crematoriums amendments to prefectural and municipal governments. In order to submit advice and information on proposals, it is necessary to obtain consent from two thirds of the land owners in a Productive Greenery Districts Specified in Sendai City community planning. Community Housing Complex Residential Facilities continuous community that exceeds the minimum area threshold. planning advisors or consultants Historic Building Preservation Districts Housing Complex Government Facilities Specified by Miyagi Prefecture are dispatched according to the characteristics and degree of Aircraft Noise Pollution Prevention Districts/ Distribution and Business Parks Specified by Sendai City Calls for proposals for city planning along the Tozai Line Special Aircraft Noise Pollution Prevention Districts maturity of the community Collective Facilities for Tsunami Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas § City Planning Law Article Number In addition to the above-mentioned system for proposals planning activities. on urban planning, the City of Sendai created its own ・ Promotion Districts§10-2 Collective Facilities for Recovery from a Disaster in Urban Areas Community planning advisor: system in August 2014 calling for proposals on urban Provides help in the early Urban Redevelopment Promotion Districts planning aimed at promoting private development along Other stage of activities, such as the Sendai Subway Tozai Line, taking into account the Land Readjustment Promotion Districts study groups and the growing momentum for development triggered by the exchange of opinions and Residential Area Development Promotion Districts opening of the Tozai Line. ideas, etc. Land Readjustment Promotion Districts for Unlike the existing proposal system, it is possible to ・ Core Business Area Development develop proposals at the initial stages of land use plans. Community planning consultant: Due to this, it is also possible to promote specific projects Provides help in the more §10-3 Unused Land Use Promotion Areas after identifying the potential for changes in urban plans advanced stages, such as the formulation of plans, etc. Urban Disaster Recovery Promotion Areas§10-4 that result from these proposals, as well as target a wide range of proposals with the elimination of land area requirements.

8 Outline of City Planning Outline of City Planning 9 SENDAI CITY PLANNING 2019 SENDAI CITY PLANNING 2019

Improvement, Development, and Conservation Policies for the City Planning Area City Planning Area Sendai City Planning Master Plan functionality, rich in historical and cultural assets, and with reduced environmental impact, the urban zone will be divided into three areas: areas along railway lines; (Master Plan for the City Planning Area) industrial/distribution/research areas; and the suburbs. A city planning area is an area that needs to be comprehensively developed, The Sendai City Master Plan for City Planning was established in March 2012 based on Basic Policy on the Development of the City Center, Hubs, and Urban Axes The Master Plan for the City Planning Area defines the basic direction of land use in a improved, and maintained as a single city. Administrators consider current and the ideal vision presented by the Sendai City Basic Concept; the Sendai City Basic Plan, (1) City center city planning area, in order to maintain a united and comprehensive city plan. future natural/social conditions, land use, and traffic when defining this area. which defines the direction of measures taken to realize the vision; and the Sendai City As the center of the Tohoku region and the Sendai Metropolitan Area, the functionality of Sendai’s city plan is based upon the Master Plan for the Sen-En (Sendai-Shiogama) Sendai's city planning area is called the Sen-En (Sendai-Shiogama) Extensive City Earthquake Disaster Reconstruction Plan formulated to systematically promote measures the city center will be enhanced and expanded so that a wide range of functions can be Extensive City Planning Area. Planning Area (88,934 ha), which spreads over 6 cities, 4 towns, and one village. for reconstruction following the Great East Japan Earthquake. The purpose of the Sendai offered and that even greater vigor will be generated in synergy with the convenient Please note that the revised city planning law, which was enacted in 2001, expanded This city planning area covers 44,296 ha of Sendai City, which is 56% of Sendai's City Master Plan is to clarify the direction of urban development policy and measures, transportation environment. the scope of the “Improvement, Development, and Conservation Policy for area (78,630 ha) as of December 31, 2019. share the target vision and other goals with citizens, and provide a comprehensive (2) Hubs Urbanization Promotion Areas.” As a result, prefectures are now required to devise approach to urban development through collaboration with other related fields. Priority development areas in the Nagamachi District and Izumi-Chuo District are an “Improvement, Development, and Conservation Policy for City Planning Areas.” In addition, the Regional Program for the Sendai City Master Plan for City Planning was designated as regional hubs, where urban functions that support activities in the ◆ Land Use Policy formulated in March 2014 to present detailed policies for city development based on ■City Planning Areas and Area Division in Sendai City metropolitan area will be reinforced. Areas around Sendai-Shiogama Port and Aobayama To create “a polycentric city,” business, commercial, industrial, and distribution operation regional characteristics of the urban area and large-area hubs (Izumi-chuo District and are also designated as an international economic distribution hub and an international zones are located, in consideration of the positioning of urban functions in related city Nagamachi District). Urbanization academic and cultural exchange center, respectively, to enhance the urban functions with plans, the amassment of various functions in urban areas, and traffic conditions. For Promotion The Objective of City Planning Area greater charm and individuality to support the city’s continuous growth. residential areas, medium to high-density populated residential areas will be located in 18,010ha Create a “City of Trees” that has a sustainable richness in the form of harmonization of the City Non-City （22.9％） (3) Urban axes places suitable for high-density land use, and low to medium-density populated residential Planning natural environment and urban functions, a type of city development that will allow people Planning Area Municipal Area Area Areas connecting the stations of the East-West and North-South subway lines, which cross 34,334ha 78,630ha areas will be placed in their peripheral areas to develop good urban areas. Moreover, to 44,296ha to enjoy an attractive, safe, peaceful, and comfortable life. （44％） each other, are designated as urban axes, and in these areas, intensive use of land and promote compact city development that is sustainable in a society with a super-aging and （56％） Basic Perspective on the Development of Urban Space concentration of urban functions will be promoted, especially around stations. declining population, appropriate land use will be brought forward using the Location The expansion of the urban zone will be restricted as a base, and urban functions will be Basic Direction of Urban Development Normalization Plan System, including designating urban function encouragement areas Urbanization Control Area concentrated in the city center, hubs, and urban axes, through the integrated promotion 26,286ha The basic directions of urban development have been established as below to realize and residential encouragement areas, taking advantage of area characteristics. of land use and traffic policies as well as through collaboration with other life-related （33.4％） Sendai’s ideal vision: Meanwhile, nature-rich areas and farmlands surrounding urbanization promotion areas policies. Urban functions that support life in the suburbs will also be maintained and Basic direction (1) Land use that are preserved under relevant laws and regulations will continue to be preserved as improved by pursuing urban development in the form of functions within the urban zone Enhance the integration of urban functions within the urban zone and revitalize each urbanization control areas. and revitalizing the region. To realize a disaster-resilient urban structure, non-residential land use will be promoted, community in a manner that harmonizes with nature. Basic direction (2) Transportation restricting residence in parts of the coastal areas under relevant laws and regulations, [Previous Vision for Urban Development] [Vision of the Future Urban Structure] Destruction or Build a highly convenient integrated transportation system centering on public transit. regardless of area classification. Loss of Rich Natural Concentration of Functions Environments (Gathering Urban Functions Restriction of the Basic direction (3) Disaster prevention, the environment ◆ Transportation System Policy around Railway Stations) Expansion of the Urban Zone Create a disaster prevention and environmental city of new dimensions. A city that is The City of Sendai aims to build a comprehensive transportation system, using the Local Urbanization Promotion and Control Areas Hub “A Disaster-resilient and Environment-friendly City of a New Level” Public Transportation Network Plan, to form a transportation axis that supports a Expansion City planning areas are subdivided into urbanization promotion areas and Basic direction (4) Greenery, landscapes polycentric city and to realize an environment-friendly city that does not depend City City Center Center Create urban spaces full of urban beauty and comfort. excessively on automobile traffic. urbanization control areas to prevent disorganized urbanization and encourage Basic direction (5) Cooperation with citizens planned urbanization. Hub Hub Urbanization is encouraged in urbanization promotion areas. Current urban areas Expansion Support painstaking efforts for community development, and promote the expansion of Revitalizing Communities and areas that should be urbanized within 10 years under a planned environment are (Maintenance and ‘citizen power’ and cooperation with citizens. Improvement of Urban Functions That Support Citizen Life) Measures for Promoting Urban Planning ■Zoning Policy for Major Land Uses designated as urbanization promotion areas. Urbanization control areas are specified to restrict urbanization. Urbanization a-b Cross-sectional View of the Integration Density of Urban Function a’-b’ Cross-sectional View of the Integration Density of Urban Function Based on the changes in social circumstances and sustainable financial management of promotion and control areas are re-evaluated approximately once every five years, the city, measures for future urban development will be implemented comprehensively in Daini Northern Sendai Core based upon the city planning basic survey. both tangible and intangible ways through cross-divisional collaboration-born promotion Daiichi Northern Sendai Core Population, industry, and urbanization trends are also considered in this process. policies and by, at the same time, placing importance on development policies. Taiwa Taiwa Logistics and Industrial Park Yoshioka Sendai also tries to flexibly adjust urbanization zoning through various methods, Area around Taiwa I.C. City Subway Lines Areas along such as the reserved area system, which was introduced by a 1982 national Legend Center Hub Urban Axes Railway Lines Urban Zone ■Land Use Plan Area around Matsushima-Kita I.C. Tomiya government announcement. This system makes it possible to postpone designating

Tohoku Shinkansen Line Area around Tomiya I.C. certain areas as urbanization promotion areas – areas that are recognized as areas in Basic Policies on Land Use Taiwa Research Park Oshimizu & Narita Matsushima need of urbanization within the “The Master Plan for the City Planning Area” but have no The city will be divided into the following three zones as the basic policy on the use Izumi Park Town Narita immediate plans for urbanization. It is possible to cancel these “reservations” and Area around Izumi I.C. Area around Shirakashidai I.C. of land that is used to develop Sendai’s urban space. Shinhama-cho designate these areas as urbanization promotion areas before the next re-evaluation, if Rifu Izumi-chuo Sendai Shiogama Port/Shiogama Port Zone Shiogama planned urbanization becomes plausible. (1) Natural environment conservation zone In the Sen-En (Sendai-Shiogama) Extensive City Planning Area, urbanization Tagajo The natural environment in the city will be preserved to maintain its natural promotion and control areas were first designated in August 1970. Five reevaluations Hinterland of Sendai Port characteristics for many years to come. The natural environment in the eastern part Sendai Shiogama Port/Sendai Port Zone Central Oroshimachi have taken place since then, in July 1977, January 1984, March 1991, May 1997, May Sendai Eastern Haranomachi Area around Aobayama of the city, which was damaged by the earthquake, will be restored.

Sendai 2004, May 2010, and May 2018. Tobu Road Urban-Oriented Community-Oriented (2) Rural community and agricultural zone Nagamachi Urbanization Promotion Areas: 18,010 ha Strategic/Port/Airport Industrial Zone Area around Sendai-Minami I.C. Other Industrial Zone Urbanization Control Areas: 26,286 ha The living environments of rural communities will be maintained and improved Industry and Distribution Businesses (As of December 31, 2019) Tako Distribution Zone/Commercial Zone by a Trunk Road through agricultural and forestry promotion and regional vitalization measures, while Commercial Zone by a Trunk Road Natori Yuriage Academic Research Function paying suﬃcient attention to the diverse values of the agricultural land and Area around stations High-Density Land Use Area Medeshima Tohoku on the Sendai Airport Access Line (Medium to High Densely Populated Residential Area) Shinkansen Line Periphery agricultural industry, which includes nature conservation. (Low to Medium Densely Populated Residential Area) Agricultural Zone Area around Sendai Airport (3) Urban zone Natural environment conservation zone City center Tohoku Shinkansen Nakatsubo Residence Restriction Zone Greenery Zone Wide-area base (Izumi-Chuo District, Rural community and agricultural zone Nagamachi District) Conventional railway lines Iwanuma Highway In principal, land use will be planned according to the characteristics of each

Ninokura Urban Zone Southern Iwanuma Major National Road Areas along railway lines Urban axes Subways (Namboku/Tozai) hubs Functional Railroad community with restricting the expansion of the urban zone, and eﬀorts will be made International economics center City Planning Area Suburbs (areas around the Sendai Port) Highway Urbanization Promotion Area to create a beautiful urban zone with lush greenery and landscapes worthy of the Industrial/distribution/ Academic cultural exchange Administrative boundary research areas center (areas around Aobayama) (city limits) Municipal Boundaries alias, “City of Trees.” To facilitate the creation of an attractive urban space full of modern

10 Outline of City Planning Outline of City Planning 11 SENDAI CITY PLANNING 2019 SENDAI CITY PLANNING 2019

10 Outline of City Planning Outline of City Planning 11