BulI.lnd. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI pp. 119 to 142

ONE HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF (1846-1996)

MOMIN ALI* & A. RAMACHARI**

ABSTRACT

The Medical School which came into existence in 1846 A.D. was the fore-runner of Osmania Medical College. The medium of instruction was the degree was Hakeem. Last two decades of nineteenth century was the glorious period of this school. Seventh and the last Mir Osman Ali. established in 1919 A.D. and in the following uyear the Hyderabad Medical College. In 1957 A.D. Hyderabad became the Capital of enlarged . Tremendous zeal and enthusiasm was evident to achieve alround progress in medical education.

Medical Education, Research and building of Salarjung Museum. health care of the people are vastly im- A Medical School at : proved by the presence of medical college and teaching hospital in any area and in A medical school was started at an atmosphere of medical research. This Bolarum about 1836 or 1839 by Assistant is true of Hyderabad also. Surgeon Thomas Key and Simon Young. Darush-Shifa: The staff Surgeon of the Hyderabad Con- tingent, for training of natives of Deccan, The actual origin of medical educa- as medical subordinates for service in the tion in Hyderabad dates back as far as Hyderabad contingent. According to the 1595, when Mohammad Quli Qutub , records of the Nizam's Army, Surgeon Key the 5th King of Golconda had founded a was in 1840, Medical Store Keeper and general hospital 'Darush-Shifa' (House of Superintendent of the Medical School at cure) (Fig.1) together with an attached Bolarum. This school was closed from 1st medical school, where the Unani system May, 1846. of medicine was taught and practised. The building can be seen even today on the This measure was severely critiCised southern bank of river Musi, behind the in the local press. 'The resident explained • Ass!. Director Incharge, Indian Institute of History of Medicine, OMC. Putlibowli, Hyderabad - 500 195 (). •• Sr.Anaesthetist (Retired), Flat No.12, Behrumal Mansion, , Hyderabad - 500029(1NOlA). 120 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari that, he abolished the oorarum school, merely to establish another, with wider True Translation, aims. Thus, the Resident obtained the sanction of the Nizam to establish a medi- Malcolm, cal school at the Residency, for teaching Assistant Resident. European Medicine to native youths of Hyderabad Medical School: Deccan, through the medium of Urdu. Dr.Maclean was appointed Superintendent The story behind the openinq of the and teacher of the school with handsome Hyderabad Medical School is that, the extra allowance of five hundred rupees per Fourth Nizam of Hyderabad Nawab Nasir- month as his special pay for this work. He ud-Dawlah(Fig.2) fell ill (Probably he was took a house of Mr. Ogilvie based on suffering with Diabetes) in 1842/43 A.D. monthly rent of Rs.30/- at Gunfoundry, en- and he did not recover for quite sometime gaged a clerk Mir Ameer Ali, a translator under the treatment of Unani Hakeems, as Mr. Murrey and two peons. This was the all the people in Hyderabad had belief in first successful vernacular medium medi- Unani Medicine and no one practised cal school, established in India in the ear1y Allopathic Medicine here before 1846A.D. 1 part of the year 1846 . The school was Mr. Fraser (Fig.3) the then British shifted later to the new premises in the Resident in Hyderabad recommended treat- compound of Residency Hospital and. it ment of the ailing Nizam by the Residency was enlarged in 1848 to provide for wider surgeon Dr. William Campbell Maclean opportunity in clinical instructions. Manu- (Fig.4). He treated the Nizam by adjust- Scripts records pertaining to this event are ment in his daily diet, without any medi- preserved in National Archives, Delhi, ex- cine, as the Nizam wanted that, he must tract of which is as under: be cured without having to eat or drink any "It is proposed that the school shall Allopathic Drug. The King followed the diet be held in a house which Dr. Maclean has schedule as prescribed by Dr. Maclean and hired for this purpose from Mr. Ogilvie, situ- recovered within a period of three months. ated about three quarter of a mile from the The western system of medicine, thus residency on the public road ..to appears to have gone high in his estimate and the young man who feel and so, he ordered for the establishment disposed to attend may do so at 10 O'clock ofthe medical school in Hyderabad. on the 1st proximo, when Dr. Maclean will But, for one year no student came be in readiness to receive them". 2 forward. The matter was reported to the Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 121

Nizam, then as per his order ten candi- It was a successful venture and much dates were sent to the school by shamsul of the success was due to Dr.Maclean's Umra Bahadur on Monday, 27th Ramadan, personality, who excelled as a teacher and 1262A.H (1847 A.D.). lecturer. He threw his heart in the devel- The students of the first batch trained opment of the school. he had to teach, by Dr. Maclean appeared in 1852-53, for a translate, encourage, conciliate. Besides final examination by a committee of three this there were no text books, more over medical officers. The standard adopted the preliminary education acquired by the was a high one. Following ten were de- lads, not of a kind to give a teacher any clared qualified and received official Diplo- very elevated platform of general knowl- mas (Fig.5.) from the Institute: edge, on which to raise the structure of 1. Mohammed Ashraf (Fig.6) medical sciences. 2. Henry Peacock A greatest object kept steadily in 3. Mohammad Baquer Ali view by Dr. Maclean, consisted in impress- 4. Faizullah Khan ing upon his pupils a sense of the high 5. Syed Orner and honorable character of the medical 6. Ain Khan profession, and in endeavoring to induce 7. Ghulam Jeelani them to act always upon principles of rec- 8. Khawja Ashraf titude and honesty. He endeavored to raise 9. Mohammad Yakoob their moral tone to as high a level as he 10.PeerKhan could, and he inculcated the values of In 1854, the following seven candi- manly, honest and truthful conduct in all dates were declared qualified: their intercourse, whether professional or 1.Lutf-e-Ali private, with those around them. When this man of integrity, character and intel- 2.MirzaAli lect left Hyderabad for England due to his 3.Mohammad Maulana Sahab ill health, his old student literally fell upon 4.Mohammad Vazir Ali his neck, clung to him weeping bitterly. 5.Shamsuddin Assistant Surgeon Dr. George Smith 6.Faqueer Sahab (Fig.7) succeeded Dr. Maclean in Decem- 7.Mohammad Raza ber 1854 and started session on 5th Feb- These well trained medical men were ruary 1855 A.D. to the junior batch of stu- employed as Taluka Surgeons with a sal- dents who had been in the school for a ary of Rs.30/- per month. Some of them short time. Fresh batch of students ad- established themselves as private practi- mitted. He followed the printed syllabus, tioners in the city.3 but subjects of physiology and Chemistry 122 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Remecnen were added in the syllabus. He himself articles. taught Anatomy, physiology, Surgery, Theoretical and Practical Medicine and Sometime in 1861, Dr. Smith left Midwifery, diseases of the Eye, Operative Hyderabad and Dr. Fleming took charge Surgery, while Mr. Murrey instructed in as residency Surgeon, and Superintendent Materia Medica, Bandaging and in testing of the school. Dr. Johnson was appointed for poisons. The entire course and sylla- as the second teacher of the Medical bus was mastered in four sessions. Dr. School and assistant to Dr. Fleming. Dur- Smith followed the foot steps of Dr. Maclean ing Dr. Fleming's time 33 students got ad- and raised the reputation of the school by mission into the school. But many stu- training a large number of very able and dents discontinued oftheir own will orwere successful Ha1

forming a lower grade. ally. The offer was accepted and the sec- ond commission (usually referred to as the 3. Berar pupils intended for service Hyderabad Chloroform Commission) was in the Military Department of Berar under the Resident. constituted as follows in 1889 (Fig.12). Surgeon - Major E.Lawrie • President Hyderabad Chloroform Commission: Dr. T. Lauder Brunton- Member (from 'Lan- cet') Dr.Lawrie attained intemational fame Surgeon·Major Gerald Bomford • Member on account of his letters, articles and re- Dr.Rustomji - Member. ports in British Journals with regard to the The members of the first commission controversy relating to the methods and were also associated with the second corn- dangers of Chloroform administration, and mission. A very large number of expert- describing his experiments upon dogs on ments were performed on various species the proper administration of chloroform. On of animals under a variety of conditions. his application the Nizam's Government The report of this commission appeared in appointed the first commission in 1888 the Lancet of January 18, 1890, and the consisting of Surgeons P.Hehir, as Presi- final report of the Chloroform Commission dent, Mr. JAKelly, and Mr. A.Chamarette, was printed in 1891. as members. The conclusion may be briefly stated As a result of experiments the com- as follows: mission came to the conclusion 'that chlo- 1. Sudden and unexpected failure of roform may be given to dogs by inhalation the heart from Chloroform does not occur. with perfect safety, and without any fear ot The respiration always fails before the accidental death, if only the respiration, heart. and nothing but the respiration, is care- 2. The fall of blood pressure in the fully attended to through out'. The report earlier stages of the Chloroform inhalation of the commission was adversely criticised is due to stimulation of the vagus and this by the leading Medical Journals, but fall instead of being a source of danger is Lawrie's, faith in the correctness of his actually a safeguard in as much as it pre- master, Syme's teaching that chloroform vents the absorption of a dangerous amount can be used judiciously so as to do good of chloroform. without the risk of evil, and the importance 3. Danger arises when there is irrequ- of the cause he upheld was so great that lar respiration and struggling which leads at his request the Nizam's Government to a large quantity of Chloroform being made an offer to the 'Lancet' to meet all taken in with the irregular deep inspirations; expenses for having the work repeated and hence the necessity of removing the cap invited that Journal to send a scientist of while the patient is struggling. high standing whose opinion would be ac- 4. Administration of Chloroform cepted by the medical profession gener- needs no special apparatus.The Bull.lnd. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 125 anaesthetist should be guided by the held out to the students in the shape of depth of anaesthesia produced and not stipends, prizes and appointments, the by the quantity of chloroform used. He early history of the institution was rather a should endeavour to maintain the respira- checkared one, with the lapse of time and tion regular and should not let his atten- the influence of qualified men turned out tion wander away from this. by the school, the prejudice against the 5. If these rules are followed Chloro- Western System of Medicine became less form may be given in any case requiring marked while the introduction of English an operation with perfect ease and abso- as the medium of instruction rendered the lute safety so as to do good without risk of teaching more direct and therefore more evil. interesting with the result that the number Dr. lawrie visited to Britain also, with of students began to steadily increase.f two of his students from Hyderabad Medi- By the end of the , the cal School to demonstrate to the British Hyderabad Medical School, had developed medical scientists in England. The safer into a very useful institution, with adequate method of administration, called staff and eminent teachers. The school 'Hyderabad Chloroform Technique' prac- was then training natives of the State for tised by him at Hyderabad, by'Hyderabad service as Hakeems in the Nizam's domin- Chlorofonn Cap' (Fig.13). The demonstra- ion and hospital assistants in Barer ser- tion took place on 25th May, 1894 A.D. vice. Examination for the diploma was held The student who actually administered by special arrangements with the Board of anaesthesia was Dr. (Hakeem) Mohammad the Madras medical College and the stan- Abdul Ghani. The Surgeon who performed dard was the same as that of the L.M. & an appendectomy and Nephrectomy op- S., Degree of the Madras University. In eration was Dr.(Later Sir) Fredrick Treve, the last decade of 19th century Women's the head of the department of surgery, and (Zenana) section under the supervision of he was satisfied by the conduct of the a lady doctor was also opened in Afzalgunj anaesthesia. This enhanced the prestige hospital and admission was given to of the Medical School at Hyderabad and women students also to study medicine, put it on the Medical Map. On the other and especially midwifery. hand, the discovery of the life cycle of The old classification of categories Malaria parasite by Ronald Ross also took of students of the school viz. 1. Hakeerns, place at Hyderabad in 1897. All these 2. Hakeems(Female), 3. Hakeems(Private) achievements made medical profession of 4. Hakeems(Female Private) 5. Dressers Hyderabad known all over the medical world 6.Barar pupils and 7. Private pupils, was for its enquiring mind and research. changed into following more acceptable It will thus be seen that, notwith- terms: standing the interest shown by the state 1. Assistant Surgeons Class in the school, and the great inducements 2.Hospital Assistant Class 126 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari

3.Sub-Assistant Surgeons Class because if a university degree was By 1898, there were 100 students of awarded, a large number of students may various categories. As there was a Plague be coming forward to join the school. epidemic in the state, several students Some improvements were made to the were put on Plague duty and therefore there pathological laboratory which was fitted was no official examination in 1898. with appliances. The hospital staff began Alterations and additions were made to send pathological specimens for exami- to the buildings of the school in the Resi- nation and report. There was also change dency () Hospital (Fig.14) in the examination Board. The examina- providing for lecture halls, chernical labo- tions were conducted by the Bombay Medi- ratories and anatomy dissection hall and cal Board, instead of by Madras Medical Pathology lab and postmortem room. Board. There were improvements in the curricu- During the first decade of the 20th lum and new addition to the staff. Schol- century, many old teachers of the school arships were specially provided to encour- retired and new medical officers were ap- age women students to take up study of pointed. Some new posts of lecturers were medicine. The school had produced more created and filled up by fonner students of. than' 100 male doctors called Hakeems and the school who has subsequently gradu- a few women doctors by the end of the ated from Edinburgh University. A part of century, who served in the hospitals and the Afzalgunj hospital was destroyed by civil dispensaries in the city and in the dis- the great flood in river Mbosi in 1908. Af- tricts and other parts of the state and also ter the retirement of Dr. Gimlette in 1908 took part in the fight against the epidemic the following were the successive princi- of Cholera, Plague and Smallpox all over pals of the Hyderabad Medical School. the state. Dr. Shorep -1908 - 1908 Dr. lawrie retired in May 1901 after a Dr. Hill -1908 - 1909 long and glorious record as a Residency Dr. Lumsden -1909 - 1913 Surgeon, as Director of Medical Depart- Dr. Abdul Ghani -1913 - 1914 ment of Nizam, and as Superintendent Dr. Brake Brokmen-1914 -1917 of the Hyderabad Medica! School. Dr. Lankester -1917 - 1920 Dr. Gimlette took charge of the school as In the 1917-1918 the school was in- princtpal and lecturer in Surgery and spected by social committee of the Ma- Ophtalmology in 1901. As principal he dras medical Council, as a result of its re- complained that students were reluctant port qiploma of the school was reorganised to join the school. Few young men of good by Madras and Bombay states, for pur- social standing were attached to the school pose of medical registration. The Medical as there were only limited number of ap- School also secured affiliation of the col- pointments. The most urgent necessity lege of Physicians and Surgeons of ofthe school was affiliation to a university Bombay and 9 students passed the final Bull.lnd. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 127

L.C.P.S. examination of Bombay. In 1922 versity. The 1st MBBS class was opened the school was shifted from Sultan Bazar with Urdu as medium of instruction in place to a rented building at (Fig.15). of English. Major Farhat Ali was appointed During the third decade of the 20th as Principal in 1926. 19 students were century, when Dr. Lankesterwent on leave admitted in the 1st year class. The Prin- and retired, Nawab Khadive Jung took ci pal drew attention of the Un iversity to the charge as Principal. He was succeded by urgent necessity of providing separate CoI.B.J.Singh, in 1920 who was given the building forthe institution and the provision assistance of a Secretary Dr. Farhat Ali. of lecture theatres, laboratories, Muse!Jms and play grounds. The construction of the School converted into a College: (Fig .16) was Fasli 1330 (October 1920 /21) was completed and wards of the Afzalgunj Hos- the end of an old era and the beginning of pital were transferred to the new palatial a new one in the history of the Medical building in 1926. In the course of the next School. In this year, the Hyderabad Medi- two years there were additions in the staff. cal School was converted into a college Later, to provide sufficient accommodation by a of the Seventh Nizam and for the college, the entire building of the designated as the Osmania Medical Col- old Afzalgunj Hospital was made available lege. for the use of the college (Fig.17). The The students who were admitted from school had grown into a college, and affili- the year 1920-21 were after a final exami- ated to the University after 80 years of nation awarded the diploma of L.M.&S. struggle, hardwork and creditable achieve- instead of diploma of Assistant Surgeon ments of successive Superintendents and and L.M.P. instead of Sub-Assistant Sur- Principals and members of the staff. Rec- geon. After the retirement of Dr.B.J.Singh ognition by Royal college of surgeons of in 1923, Dr.Khaja Mohiuddin was the prin- England for primary F.R.C.S. and recogni- cipal of the College from 1924 - 1926. tion of Medical Department for admission to the commissioned rank College taken over by Osmania were received in 1941.After Hyderabad University: state becoming the part of the Indian Union in 1948, the medium of instruction was In Fasli 1335 i.e. October 1925 - 26, changed once again from Urdu to English. the syndicate and the University Council The Indian Medical Council recognised the decided to take over the college from the medical degree of the Osmania University, Govemment by making certain recommen- from 1951.Govemment of Hyderabad took dations. The faculty of medicine was con- the administration control of the Medical stituted with 15 members. college from the University in 1952 and an In the next Fasli 1336 (Oct. 1926 - officer was appointed as head of the col- 27) the College was transferred to the Uni- lege and the hospital. In 1953 M.B.B.S. 128 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari degree of Osmania University was below with their bed strength in parenthe- recognised by the Bombay, Madras, ses. Calcutta and Punjab Universities for Post- 1.0smania General Hospital (1200) graduate studies. In 1954 Postgraduate formerly known as Afzalgunj Dawakhana. studies were started in Osmania Medical 2. Government Maternity Hospital College under Osmania University and the students were admitted for MD(General (800),formerly known as Victoria Zenana Medicine) & M.S.(General Surgery) Hospital. courses. The number of admissions to the 3. Niloufer Hospital for women and college gradually increased from 50 to 80 Children (400)also known as Institute of and then to 100.Postgraduate course in Paediatrics. several other disciplines of medicine were 4. Mehdi Nawaz Jung Cancer Hos- also inaugurated in 1958 and super speci- pital (250) ality courses between 1971-1978. 5. Sarojinidevi Eye Hospital (550) Finally, the problem of accomodation 6. A.P. Chest Hospital (670) was solved by laying foundation stone for 7. Quarantine Hospital (400) also the new building of the Osmania Medical known as the Institute of Tropical Medi- College in Residency compound, by the cine and popularly called Fever Hospital. then Chief Minister Dr. B.Ramakrishna 8. Govemment ENT Hospital (75) Rao, in October 1956, and inauguration of 9. Hosptial for Mental Diseases (600) the new building of Osmania Medical Col- ,also known as Institute of Mental Health. lege (Fig 18) in 1962 by the then Presi- 10. Sultan Bazar Hospital for dent of India Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The Women(130) formerly known as the Brit- College admits 200 undergraduates, 162 ish Residency Hospital. postgraduates and 14 students for The College has a rural health cen- Superspeciality every year. The major hos- tre also at (50 beds) in Medak pital affiliated to it is the Osmania General district set in the sylvan environs of the Hospital. Besides, this, the college also former Nizam's summer palace. has several other affiliated hospitals where The humble medical school, a joint undergraduate and postgraduate training is imparted. Osmania Medical College thus endeavour of the Asifjahi dynasty and the probably has the largest affiliated bed British Government has become after a strength for clinical training of its under- period of 125 years a mighty Institute of graduates amongst all medical collages in Medical Sciences, in the service of the In- India. The affiliated hospitals are listed dependent India.6 Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 129

Osmania General Hospital: advancement of various specialities. This landmark of Hyderabad merits an in- The State Dental College and also dependent chronicling of its history. It can the Nursing college are located in the pre- be divided into three phases. mises of the Hospital. Now the bed strength 1. Establishment of Darush-Shifa. of the hospital totals 1200, with the free of 2. Construction of the Afzalgunj Hos cost treatment for patients in the general pital, and wards and nominal fee charged for the pay- 3. Construction of the present ing wards. In the twin cities of Hyderabad Osmania General Hospital. and Secunderabad more patients are at- The present magnificent high-domed tended to each year in this hospital than building of the Osmania GeneralHospital all other hospitals combined'? was built in 1925 by Nawab Mir Osman Ali Later many talented doctors from Khan, the seventh and last Nizam of the here went to U.S.A., Canada, U.K. etc. Asafjahi dynasty with an initial bed strength under various training programmes. Simi- of 450. The hospital is situated over an area larly costly equi pments were procured with of 27 acres on the bank of the river Musi, the financial assistance of agencies like with the high domed splendour of the state W.H.O., UNICEF,Rockfeller foundation, High Court on the opposite bank providing T.C.M.(U.S.A.I.D.) Nuffield Foundation, a captivating architectural harmony. CARE etc. At the end of second world war, the History of Medicine: Central Military Hospital was released for This review cannot be completed civilian needs and therefore the first hospi- without mentioning about the Department tal devoted to specialities was established of History of Medicine now named as In- to relieve the congestion at Osmania Gen- dian Institute of History of Medicine, which eral Hospital. This is the present has been established by the pioneering Sarojinidevi Hospital for eye diseases. This efforts of Dr.D. V. Subba , and which experiment was successful and so a num- is functioning in Osmania Medical College ber of other hospitals of specialities, such since 1957 with a unique museum and a as Niloufer hospital for Children, M.N.J. rich library and has contributed a great deal Cancer Hospital and E.N.T. hospital were to the awareness of historical perspectives established. Later the Government up- in the field of medical sciences." graded the Maternity Hospital, the Hospi- There is no doubt that Osmania tal for Chest Diseases, Mental Hospital and Medical College will march into 21 st cen- Fever Hospital etc. These measures helped tury with its head holding high. Its glorious considerably, to relieve congestion at the history of 150 Years, will inspire many gen- Osmania General Hospital and in early di- erations of medical student of the Institute agnosis and institutionalised treatment and for many years in future. 130 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari

REFERENCES

I.Reddy, DVS 1978 'The origin and Early days of School', pub. in Souvenir of Golden Jubilee Celebrations of Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, "'-June'78 P.No.15.

2. Anonymous 1964 'Manuscript Records from National Archives',Delhi. Bull. of Dept. of Hist. of Med., Vo.l.lI,No..2,April, 1964 OMC,Hyderabad,P.No.S.103-110.

3. Khan,M.V.A. 1888 'Samara-e-Hayat Sultan ul-Hukema' (Fruit of the life or Sultan-ul-Hukema, by Hakeem M. Vazir All Khan Bhadur, Pub. in 1305 A.H.(1888A.D) P.No.S.48-61 & 242.

4. Reddy, DVS. 1961 'Pro.ceedings of the Academy of Medical Sciences', Special number of Medical History, Vol.lll. No..4, Oct'61, pub. by the Academy of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad A.P. P.Nos. 57,62 -73.

5. Jaisoorya N.M. 1941 'Souvenir' the XVIII All India Medical Co.nference at Hyderabad P.No.S.124 -130. Bull.lnd. Inst. Hist, Moo. Vol. XXVI 131

6. Reddy, O.v.S. 1962 The story of the Origin & growth of Hyderabad Medical School into

Osmania Medical College', and "At last A Home Souvenir, Institute of Medical Sciences, Osmania Medical college, inauguration by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, president of India on 27-7-1962, P.Nos. 30-43 & 44-45.

7. Habibullah C.M. et al 1992 'Osmania Medical College & Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, AP. pub in the National Medical Journal of India, Vol.4. No.2, March/April1992 P.Nos. 87 & 88. 8. Jain S.N. 1978 Historical Review of Half century of Osmania Medical College & Osmania General Hospital, pub. in Souvenir, Golden Jubilee Celebrations of OMC & O.G.H. June, 1978, P. Nos. 40-43 & 60. 132 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari

Fig. 1

Darush - Shifa (House of Cure) Built in 1595 by Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah the 5th King of Golconda.

Fig.2 Nasir-ud- Dawlah (Nizam-IV) He urged the opening of a Medical school in 1846 to teach European Medicine. Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 133 Fig.3

General J.S. Fraser. The British Resident at the Court of Nizam-IV

Fig.4 Dr. William Campbell Machlean The first superinten- dent and teacher of the Medical school from 1846 to 1854. 134 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari Fig. 5

!'

The Diploma awarded to Mohammad Ashraf a stu- dent of first batch in 1852 - 53.

Fig. 6 Mohammed A$hraf, the first batch student, who became a learned and prosperous practitioner in the city. Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 135 Fig. 7

"

Surgeon - Major George Smith. He succeded Dr. Maclean as the second Superintendent ofthe Hyderabad Medical School in December 1854.

"'" . ' . J'J..I~ • ••• ....:r'e l:'.;Ptb...::--V' -.rw I

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, lf~":'!.:.:.)/l:;' J J ". r j.~ '. ..r /' ~~4-- ..J ~;:~Af4./",,:,,'; '."'~J: I,----_;.tZ~ .. Fig 8. Page of the Hyderabad Medical Journal, which was started by Dr. George Smith in 1855. 136 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari Fig. 9

Sir Salar Jung - I (Nawab Turab Ali Khan Mukhtarul Mulk Bahadur) He Provided employ- ment to the medical graduates, created a medical department and established a public hospital at Afzalgunj

Af'.tul oww •••• IIW. MOPfT,M,. ui)

Fig.10 Interior view ofthe Afzalgunj General Hospital which was built and occu- pied in 1866. It was a teaching hospital also. Bull.lnd. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI 137- Fig. 11

Surgeon-Major Edward Lawrie. He succeeded Dr. T. Beamount as Residency Surgeon and superin- tendent ofthe .nedical school and hospital in 1884/85.

Fig.12 Group Photograph of Second Hyderabad Chloroform Commission (1889 A.D.) L to R (Seated): Hakeem Rustomji, Surg-Major Bomfordr Surg-Ma- jor Edward Lawrie, Sir Thomas Laudor Brunton F.R.S., Dr. Patrie Hehir. 138 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari

Fig. 13

Hyderabad Chloroform Cap. Hyderabad Chloroform Technique, the safer method of administration of anaesthesia was practised by Dr. Lawrie at Hyderabad by the Hyderabad Chloroform Cap.

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Fig.14 Building of Hyderabad Medical School in the Residency Hospital (1848). Bull.lnd. Inst. Hist, Med. Vol. XXVI- 1.39

Fig. 15

Rented Building at Khairtabad, where the Hyderabad Medical school was shifted in 1922.

Fig. 16 Osmania General Hospital. The Construction of the Osmania General Hospital was completed and the wards of the Afzalgunj Hospital were trans- ferred into it in 1925. 140 Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari

Fig. 17

Afzalgunj hospital converted into a medical college in 1926. The en- tire building of the old Afzalgunj Hospital was made available for the use of the Osmania Medical College.

Fig. 18 The new building of the Osmania Medical College in Residency com- pound inaugurated in 1962 by the then President of India Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. Osmania Medical College - Momin Ali & Ramachari 141

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