DOCSLIB.ORG

Invasive Trees Found in the Puget Sound Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Invasive Trees Found in the Puget Sound Region EarthCorps envisions a world where people and nature thrive together. We empower people to become environmental leaders through restoring Puget Sound forests, streams, and shorelines. More than 10,000 youth, business leaders, and community members join us annually, as we work to sustain and restore our public parks for future generations to enjoy. Invasive Trees Found in the Puget Sound Region Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is Portugal laurel (Prunus lusitanica), an European mountain ash (Sorbus an evergreen tree and is among the most evergreen invasive tree, is often aucuparia) is a deciduous horticultural prevalent invasive species in Seattle’s overlooked as a threat to our urban tree with clusters of orange-red berries parks and open spaces. This popular forests. This plant is able to reproduce in that attract birds. This tree is frequently garden species grows and reproduces in the forest understory in low light found in our urban forests, courtesy of the forest environment, and competes conditions. It competes with and birds dropping seeds. with native species. The seeds are displaces native species when dispersed by birds who eat the berries. established. It is spread by birds who eat the berries. European mountain ash Portugal laurel European hawthorn or one-seed Horse chestnut (Aesculus hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is a Cherry laurel hippocastanum) is another commonly deciduous tree which is capable of planted European horticultural plant. reproducing in forest conditions. It is a This deciduous tree has five-lobed common invasive species found in English holly (Ilex aquifolium) leaves and attractive flowers. The nuts Seattle’s forests and often creates dense is another invasive evergreen plant are spread to natural areas by birds and thickets in disturbed areas. It is spread dispersed by birds. This traditional animals. Once established, it competes by birds who eat the clusters of red landscape plant is one of the most with native vegetation for space, light berries produced in the fall. European common invasive species found in and nutrients. hawthorn is a popular horticultural plant. Seattle’s urban forests and can be spread from miles away. Photos courtesy of Nelson Salisbury English holly Horse chestnut European hawthorn To support EarthCorps or for more information, please visit www.earthcorps.org EarthCorps envisions a world where people and nature thrive together. We empower people to become environmental leaders through restoring Puget Sound forests, streams, and shorelines. More than 10,000 youth, business leaders, and community members join us annually, as we work to sustain and restore our public parks for future generations to enjoy. Native Trees for Landscaping Western red cedar (Thuja Bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata) Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga plicata) is a beautiful evergreen is a small tree that can reach a menziesii) is a large evergreen conifer tree that can grow up to height of about 45 feet. It conifer that can grow over 200 200 feet tall. It is usually found in moist produces white to pinkish flowers that will feet tall. It is well-adapted for dry or soils and tends to prefer the shade. This add a splash of color to any native plant moist soil, and can grow in full-sun. It tree is an important part of the culture of garden. Its bright red cherries make this has thick, ridged bark that is rough and the Native Americans in this region, and tree striking, but are quite bitter in flavor. dark brown. Under natural conditions, is held in the highest regard for its Bitter cherry can grow in full sun. this tree can live over 1000 years! healing and spiritual powers. Douglas fir Western red cedar Bitter cherry Cascara (Rhamnus Pacific madrone (Arbutus purshiana) is a small tree menziesii) is a unique evergreen Western hemlock (Tsuga that can grow up to 30 tree with shiny green leaves and heterophylla) is an elegant feet tall. It has egg- orange-red berries. Its most evergreen conifer tree found in shaped leaves and produces blue to distinct feature is the orange to brownish the Pacific Northwest. It has black berries that are edible but not so bark that peels off in large strips down sweeping branches, feathery tasty. Its silver-gray bark was used as a revealing smooth green wood. This tree needles, and reddish-brown bark. It can strong laxative by Native Americans in is found in dry, sunny, and well-drained grow in moist to wet soils, and is the region. Cascara can grow in dry to sites, and is often associated with extremely shade-tolerant. With a high wet soil, and is often found alongside Douglas fir trees. tannin content in the bark, Native vine maples. Americans used it as a tanning agent. Photos courtesy of Nelson Salisbury Cascara Pacific madrone leaves, berries & bark Western hemlock To support EarthCorps or for more information, please visit www.earthcorps.org .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • Chestnut Growers' Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress
    This idyllic orchard has benefited from good soil and irrigation. Photo by Tom Saielli Chestnut Growers’ Guide to Site Selection and Environmental Stress By Elsa Youngsteadt American chestnuts are tough, efficient trees that can reward their growers with several feet of growth per year. They’ll survive and even thrive under a range of conditions, but there are a few deal breakers that guarantee sickly, slow-growing trees. This guide, intended for backyard and small-orchard growers, will help you avoid these fatal mistakes and choose planting sites that will support strong, healthy trees. You’ll know you’ve done well when your chestnuts are still thriving a few years after planting. By then, they’ll be strong enough to withstand many stresses, from drought to a caterpillar outbreak, with much less human help. Soil Soil type is the absolute, number-one consideration when deciding where—or whether—to plant American chestnuts. These trees demand well-drained, acidic soil with a sandy to loamy texture. Permanently wet, basic, or clay soils are out of the question. So spend some time getting to know your dirt before launching a chestnut project. Dig it up, roll it between your fingers, and send in a sample for a soil test. Free tests are available through most state extension programs, and anyone can send a sample to the Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Lab (which TACF uses) for a small fee. More information can be found at http://agsci.psu.edu/aasl/soil-testing. There are several key factors to look for. The two-foot-long taproot on this four- Acidity year-old root system could not have The ideal pH for American chestnut is 5.5, with an acceptable range developed in shallow soils, suggesting from about 4.5 to 6.5.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Tree in the Mediterranean Basin Hotspot? a Critical Analysis
    Médail et al. Forest Ecosystems (2019) 6:17 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0170-6 RESEARCH Open Access What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot? A critical analysis Frédéric Médail1* , Anne-Christine Monnet1, Daniel Pavon1, Toni Nikolic2, Panayotis Dimopoulos3, Gianluigi Bacchetta4, Juan Arroyo5, Zoltán Barina6, Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh7, Gianniantonio Domina8, Bruno Fady9, Vlado Matevski10, Stephen Mifsud11 and Agathe Leriche1 Abstract Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called “cryptic trees”. We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by “administrative regions”, i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Planting Grids All Chestnuts in the Planting Must Have Permanent Embossed Numerical Tags for That Planting and Will Be Monitored by That Tag
    Sample planting grids All chestnuts in the planting must have permanent embossed numerical tags for that planting and will be monitored by that tag. The basic module is 6 x 6 ft spacing with a minimum of 20 ft borders. Such plantings allow easy fencing and mowing. Rows and columns need not be continuous nor do they need to be the same length. Mapping should show gaps. Create a simple schematic map of the planting once done. These configurations can be modified in a wide variety of ways but if lengthened in either direction, a depth of a least 3 rows in any dimension should be maintained. Remember that the pines are an early succession planting designed to create early site coverage and encourage upward growth in hardwoods. Their removal will be a first step in thinning. Different configurations will impose other thinning regimens over time: for example, red oaks might be removed in #1 over time if there is high chestnut survival and vigorous growth. These plantings are designed to introduce at least 30 chestnuts on the site. These should represent at least 2‐3 chestnut families, and may include Kentucky stump sprout families. #1. Alternate row planting 024 ft 30 ft 36 ft 42 ft 48 ft 54 ft 60 ft 66 ft 72 ft 78 ft 98 ft Dimensions 24 ft Pine Chestnut Pine Red Oak Pine Chestnut Pine Red Oak Pine Red Oak 110 x 98 ft 10780 sq ft 30 ft Pine Red Oak Pine Chestnut Pine Red Oak Pine Chestnut Pine Chestnut 36 ft Pine Chestnut Pine Red Oak Pine Chestnut Pine Red Oak Pine Red Oak Acreage 42 ft Pine Red Oak Pine Chestnut Pine Red Oak Pine Chestnut
    [Show full text]
  • Chestnut Oak Botanical/Latin Name Quercus Montana
    Chestnut Oak Botanical/Latin name Quercus Montana Chestnut Oak owes its name to its leaves, 4”-6” long, looking like those of the American Chestnut. It is a species of oak in the white oak group native to eastern U.S. Predominantly a ridge-top tree in hardwood forests. Also called Mountain Oak or Rock Oak because it grows in dry rocky habitats, sometimes even around large rocks. As a consequence of its dry habitat and harsh ridge-top exposure, it is not usually large, 59’–72’ tall; specimens growing in better conditions however can become large, up to 141’. It is a long-lived tree, with high-quality timber when well-formed. The heavy, durable, close-grained wood is used for fence posts, fuel, railroad ties and tannin. Saplings are easier to transplant than many other oaks because the taproot of the seedling disintegrates as the tree grows, and the remaining roots form a dense mat about three feet deep. It is monoecious, having pollen-bearing catkins in mid-spring that fertilize the inconspicuous female flowers on the same tree. It reproduces from seed as well as stump sprouts. The 1”-1-1/2” long acorns mature in one growing season, are among the largest of native American oaks and are a valuable wildlife food. Acorns are produced when a tree grown from seed is about 20 years of age, but sprouts from cut stumps can produce acorns in as little as three years after cutting. Extensive confusion between the chestnut oak (Q. montana) and the swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) has historically occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Structural Defects on the Surface Quality of Hardwood Species Sliced Veneers
    applied sciences Article Impact of Structural Defects on the Surface Quality of Hardwood Species Sliced Veneers Vasiliki Kamperidou 1,* , Efstratios Aidinidis 2 and Ioannis Barboutis 1 1 Department of Harvesting and Technology of Forest Products, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] 2 Department of Forestry and Natural Environment Management, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2310998895 Received: 20 August 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Abstract: The surface roughness constitutes one of the most critical properties of wood and wood veneers for their extended utilization, affecting the bonding ability of the veneers with one another in the manufacturing of wood composites, the finishing, coating and preservation processes, and the appearance and texture of the material surface. In this research work, logs of five significant European hardwood species (oak, chestnut, ash, poplar, cherry) of Balkan origin were sliced into decorative veneers. Their surface roughness was examined by applying a stylus tracing method, on typical wood structure areas of each wood species, as well as around the areas of wood defects (knots, decay, annual rings irregularities, etc.), to compare them and assess the impact of the defects on the surface quality of veneers. The chestnut veneers presented the smoothest surfaces, while ash veneers, despite the higher density, recorded the highest roughness. In most of the cases, the roughness was found to be significantly lower around the defects, compared to the typical structure surfaces, probably due to lower porosity, higher density and the presence of tensile wood.
    [Show full text]
  • American Chestnut Restoration in Eastern Hemlock-Dominated Forests of Southeast
    American Chestnut Restoration in Eastern Hemlock-Dominated Forests of Southeast Ohio A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Nathan A. Daniel June 2012 © 2012 Nathan A. Daniel. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled American Chestnut Restoration in Eastern Hemlock-Dominated Forests of Southeast Ohio by NATHAN A. DANIEL has been approved for the Program of Environmental Studies and the College of Arts and Sciences by James M. Dyer Professor of Geography Brian C. McCarthy Professor of Environmental and Plant Biology Howard Dewald Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT DANIEL NATHAN A., M.S., June 2012, Environmental Studies American Chestnut Restoration in Eastern Hemlock-Dominated Forests of Southeast Ohio (51 pp.) Directors of Thesis: James M. Dyer and Brian C. McCarthy Restoration of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) is currently underway in eastern North American forests. American chestnut and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) trees historically co-occurred in these forests. Today, hemlock-dominated forests are in decline due to hemlock wooly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) infestation, and as such, may serve as appropriate habitat for chestnut reestablishment. To investigate this notion, I evaluated the performance of American chestnut seedlings planted under healthy eastern hemlock-dominated canopies. Two process-oriented greenhouse experiments were also performed to study the response of American chestnut to drought stress and to test the competitive performance of chestnut against red maple (Acer rubrum (L.)), the most abundant hardwood found in the understory of regional hemlock-dominated forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Prunus Laurocerasus Cherry Laurel
    Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasus is a vigorous, large, spreading evergreen shrub which can grow if left over 20 or more years to a height of between 4 and 8m, and over 8m in width. However it is tolerant to cutting and regenerates well. Easy to grow in any moist but well drained soil in sun or partial shade it has a low maintenance requirement. It is a hardy shrub able to tolerate temperatures down to as low as minus 20 centigrade. It has handsome, glossy dark green leaves which grow up to 15cm in length. The leaves are thick and leathery to the touch with a slender and broadly elliptical shape, making it an excellent shrub for providing drought resistant hedging and screens. It produces small white flowers in erect racemes up to 12cm in length between May and June which are followed by cherry-like glossy red fruits which soon turn to black. Also known as English Laurel and Common Laurel Other varieties are available such as P. laurocerasus Caucasica, and Rotundifolia. Glossy elliptical green leaves of Prunus laurocerasus Plant Profile Name: Prunus laurocerasus Common name: Cherry Laurel Family: Rosaceae Height: up to 8 metres Width: up to over 8 metres Demands: Requires moist but well drained soil, sun to partial shade, tolerates heat if not to dry, happy sheltered or exposed in any aspect Foliage: Thick and leathery, slender to broadly elliptical. Evergreen Flower: White upright racernes May-June Fruit: Cherries, red turning to black Toxicity: Leaves and fruit can be harmful if ingested Hardiness: Hardy in most of the UK even in severe winters Multi Stem Cherry Laurel Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds.
    [Show full text]
  • Chestnut Oak Forest/Woodland
    Classification of the Natural Communities of Massachusetts Terrestrial Communities Descriptions Chestnut Oak Forest/Woodland Community Code: CT1A3A0000 State Rank: S4 Concept: Oak forest of dry ridgetops and upper slopes, dominated by chestnut oak with an often dense understory of scrub oak, heaths, or mountain laurel. Environmental Setting: Chestnut Oak Forests/Woodlands occur as long narrow bands along dry ridges and upper slopes with thin soil over acidic bedrock. They may extend down steep, convex, rocky, often west- or south-facing slopes where soil is shallow and dry. The canopy is closed to partially open (>25% cover). There tends to be deep oak leaf litter with slow decomposition. Often many trees have multiple fire scars and charred bases; fire appears to play a role in maintaining the community occurrences. Chestnut Oak Forests/Woodlands often occur in a mosaic with closed oak or pine - oak forests down slope and more open communities above. Vegetation Description: The canopy of Chestnut Oak Forests/Woodlands is dominated, often completely, by chestnut oak (Quercus montana). Less abundant associates include other oaks (black (Q. velutina), red (Q. rubra), and/or white (Q. alba), and less commonly, scarlet (Q. coccinea)), with red maple (Acer rubrum), and white or pitch pines (Pinus strobus, P. rigida). The subcanopy layer is sparse and consists of canopy species, black birch (Betula lenta), and sassafras (Sassafras albidum). Tall shrubs are lacking or the shrub layer may have scattered tree saplings, mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum), American chestnut (Castanea dentata), and witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana). Short shrubs are dense in patches dominated by black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) and lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium and V.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria-Park-Tree-Walk-2-Web.Pdf
    Opening times Victoria Park was London’s first The park is open every day except Christmas K public ‘park for the people’. K Day 7.00 am to dusk. Please be aware that R L Designed in 1841 by James A closing times fluctuate with the seasons. The P A specific closing time for the day of your visit is Pennethorne, it covers 88 hectares A I W listed on the park notice boards located at and contains over 4,500 trees. R E O each entrance. Trees are the largest living things on E T C Toilets are opened daily, from 10.00 am until R the planet and Victoria Park has a I V T one hour before the park is closed. variety of interesting specimens, Getting to the park many of which are as old as the park itself. Whatever the season, as you Bus: 277 Grove Road, D6 Grove Road, stroll around take time to enjoy 8 Old Ford Road their splendour, whether it’s the Tube: Mile End, Bow Road, Bethnal Green regimental design of the formal DLR: Bow Church tree-lined avenues, the exotic trees Rail: Hackney Wick (BR North London Line) from around the world or, indeed West Walk the evidence of the destruction caused by the great storm of 1987 that reminds us of the awesome power of nature. The West Walk is one of three Victoria Park tree walks devised by Tower Hamlets Council. We hope you enjoy your visit, if you have any comments or questions about trees please contact the Arboricultural department on 020 7364 7104.
    [Show full text]
  • Chestnut Oak Shortleaf Pine
    Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus) The Need to Know: How Trees Grow Paul Wray Paul Wray Paul Paul Wray Paul Kentucky Forestry Kentucky Forestry The Eastern Red Cedar is actually in the juniper family and is not closely related Although its serrated leaves resemble those of an American chestnut, this tree to other cedars. Its tough, stringy bark and waxy, scaly needles are designed for is actually a species of oak. It is also referred to as rock oak because it likes to survival in very dry conditions. The berries of the red cedar are an important food grow in rocky areas. The bark of a chestnut oak has vertical rectangular chunks. source for many songbirds. The wood is prized by builders for its rich red color, Good acorn crops are infrequent, but when available, the sweet nuts are eaten by sweet smell, and weather-resistant properties. deer, wild turkeys, squirrels and chipmunks. Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) White Oak (Quercus alba) Paul Wray Paul Paul Wray Paul Richard Webb Richard This evergreen shrub can be found in a variety of habitats along Eastern North The leaves of the white oak have rounded lobes, and the bark is light gray and America. It has a gnarled, multi-stemmed trunk with ridged bark, and typically scaly on older trees. The acorns are elongated with a shallow cap, and have a grows as a rounded, dense shrub of 5-15 feet tall. The leaves are broad with sweet taste, which makes them a favorite food for deer, bear, turkeys, squirrels pointed tips, and the mountain laurel’s noteworthy cup-shaped flowers bloom in and other wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Titled Development of Sterile Cherrylaurel Cultivars Background
    Final Report titled Development of sterile cherrylaurel cultivars submitted to Agricultural Research Foundation for Oregon Department of Agriculture Nursery Research and Regulatory Committee Principle Investigator Ryan Contreras Assistant Professor 4017 Ag. and Life Sciences Bldg. Department of Horticulture Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Oregon State University Voice: 541-737-5462 [email protected] Cooperators Sarah Doane P.O. Box 442 Oregon Research Station Manager Aurora, OR 97020 Landscape Plant Development Center Voice: 503-816-6358 [email protected] Mara Friddle Faculty Research Assistant 4017 Ag. and Life Sciences Bldg. Department of Horticulture Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Oregon State University Voice: 541-737-5462 [email protected] Background: Prunus laurocerasus (common cherrylaurel) and P. lusitanica (portugese cherrylaurel), collectively referred to as cherrylaurels, are closely related species that are widely grown in the nursery industry and commonly planted in landscapes of the Pacific Northwest and other regions across the U.S. Using the Oregon Association of Nurseries Directory and Buyers' Guide (OAN-DBG) combined with the Nursery Appraisal Software for the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation for 2011 (http://www.rma.usda.gov/tools/eplpps/) we estimated a range for the number and value of cherrylaurels being grown in Oregon. Cumulatively, the estimated value of cherrylaurels for 2011 in Oregon alone is between $17.1 and $36.4 million. Common cherrylaurel is a handsome evergreen hedge plant native to Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor that is pH adaptable, does well in full sun or deep shade, is salt spray tolerant, and withstands heavy pruning. There are more than 45 cultivars in the trade including the popular 'Otto Luyken'.
    [Show full text]