Photo Source: New Hospital for the Malverns ‘The Builder 1911’

Old Community Hospital Malvern Worcestershire

Historic Building Consultants

September 2015 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

Contents

Contents ...... 0 List of Figures ...... 3 1.1 The Consultants...... 5 1.2 The Client ...... 5 1.3 Background Heritage Statements ...... 5 1.4 Methodology ...... 7 1.5 Limitations ...... 7 1.6 Acknowledgments ...... 7 1.7 Copyright ...... 7 2. Location ...... 8 2.1 The Site Planning Application ...... 8 2.2 Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs) ...... 12 2.3 MHDC Concept SPD Statement 2006 Lansdowne Crescent Description ...... 12 2.4 Conservation Area Designation ...... 13 2.5 MHDC Policy QL8 Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas ...... 15 2.5.1 RDA Consultants Responses to MHDC Policy QL8 ...... 16 2.6 NPPF ...... 17 3. The Site-Understanding the History of Malvern Hospital...... 19 3.1 Brief History of the Location- Town of Great Malvern ...... 19 3.2 Maps: Expansion of Malvern ...... 20 3.3 Local Benefactor C. W Dyson Perrins ...... 21 3.4 Historical Overview-Malvern Hospital site ...... 23 3.5 Map Regression Lansdowne Crescent ...... 24 3.6 The Building and Opening of the Hospital Lansdowne Crescent ...... 26 4. Understanding The Architecture Malvern Hospital ...... 34 4.1 William Henman FRIBA Architect of Malvern Hospital ...... 34 4.2 William Henman FRIBA Innovation and Patents ...... 40 4.3 Understanding- The Architecture 1909 Malvern Hospital Design ...... 43 5. Background to Assessments of Significance ...... 53

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5.1 Assessment of Significance The Malvern Community Hospital ...... 54 5. 1.1 Historical Value- ...... 55 5.1.2 Evidential/Architectural Value ...... 56 5.1.3 Setting/Group Value ...... 60 5.1.4 Communal Value ...... 65 5.1.5 Significance Checklist -Assets in Conservation Areas ...... 67 6. Statement of Significance Malvern Community Hospital ...... 68 7. Recommendations ...... 69 7.1 Reasons for Recommendations ...... 70 Appendix I Chronological Table WILLIAM HENMAN ‘HOSPITAL DESIGNS’ ...... 73 Appendix II List of known William Henman FRIBA Buildings c1917 ...... 76 Appendix III The Life and Architectural Works of William Henman FRIBA Tovey, JF 1982 ..... 78 Appendix IV List of Listed buildings by William Henman FRIBA ...... 80 Appendix V Other known W. Henman Malvern & Worcester Buildings ...... 81 Bibliography ...... 85

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List of Figures

Figure 1 Location Map Malvern ...... 8 FIgure 2 Location Map Lansdowne Crescent, Malvern ...... 9 Figure 3 Aerial View Lansdowne Crescent 2013 ...... 9 Figure 4 Current Building 2015 Old Community Hospital ...... 10 Figure 5 15/01085/FUL Proposed Contempory Scheme Front Elevation ...... 10 Figure 6 15/01086/FUL Proposed Traditional Scheme Front Elevation ...... 11 Figure 7 15/ 01085/ FUL Proposed Contempory Scheme Rear Elevation ...... 11 Figure 8 15/ 01086/ FUL Proposed Traditional Scheme Rear Elevation ...... 11 Figure 9 Concept Statement Malvern Community Hospital Site SPD 2006 ...... 13 Figure 10 1812 Ordnance Survey Foley Map Lansdowne area circled ...... 20 Figure 11 OS Plan 1974-1991 1 :10, 000 Lansdowne area circled ...... 20 Figure 12 C.W. Dyson Perrins ...... 21 Figure 13 Davenham House Malvern ...... 21 Figure 14 Rosebank House 1959 before Demolition ...... 22 Figure 15 OS County Series Worcs 1887 ...... 24 Figure 16 OS County Series Worcs 1927 ...... 24 Figure 17 OS Plan 1972 1 :2, 500 Lansdowne area circled ...... 25 Figure 18 Google Aerial View 2013 Lansdowne area circled ...... 25 FIgure 19 The Malvern Hospital Year Ending 31st December 1911 ...... 26 Figure 20 The Malvern Hospital above Date unknown but probably 1930s ...... 26 Figure 21 The Perrins Centre Ardross Scotland ...... 27 Figure 22‘new’ Malvern Hospital opens with a grand ceremony 1911 ...... 28 Figure 23 TRANSCRIPT from Article Malvern Gazette – 2 June 1911 ...... 29 Figure 24 TRANSCRIPT MALVERN GAZETTE – 2 OF JUNE 1911 ...... 29-30 Figure 25 Photos of Personalities Opening of New Hospital 2 OF JUNE 1911 ...... 31 Figure 26 TRANSCIPT MALVERN GAZETTE 2 JUNE 1911 HOSPITAL DESCRIPTION ...... 32 Figure 27 Pictorial Supplement to Celebrate Opening Of Hospital 1911 ...... 33 Figure 28 At the Birmingham General Hospital 1897 ...... 34 Figure 29 Extract Obituary RIBA Journal ...... 37 Figure 30 Extract Obituary The Builder ...... 37 Figure 31 Ward Interior The Royal Victoria Hospital ...... 40 Figure 32 1909 Malvern Hosp WRO BUILDING LINES ...... 42 Figure 33 1909 Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES ...... 43 Figure 34 1909 Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES Lower Ground Floor ...... 44 Figure 35 1909 Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES Ground Floor ...... 44

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Figure 36 1909 First Floor & Roof plan Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES ...... 45 Figure 37 New Hospital for the Malverns The Builder June 9th 1911 ...... 46 Figure 38 New Hospital for the Malverns The Builder June 9th 1911 ...... 47 Figure 39 TRANSCIPT the Builder Article June 9, 1911 ...... 48 Figure 40 Sideolith Skeleton reinforcement ...... 50 Figure 41 PATENT REG 2569 ...... 51 Figure 42 The Fan Chamber ...... 51 Figure 43 The Malvern Hospital ...... 51 Figure 44 Letter From Henman to Malvern Urban District Council ...... 51 Figure 45 The Malvern Hospital 2009 ...... 54

Figure 46 Wm Henman 1912 ...... 54 FIgure 47 Porch 1911 ...... 56 Figure 48 2009 [1911]Porch with Lift shaft ...... 56 Figure 49 REAR view C1920 Photo ...... 56 Figure 50 A REAR view Hospital from the Manor Park Tennis Club 2014 ...... 57 Figure 51 FRONT Elevation from Lansdowne Crescent Garden 2009 ...... 57 Figure 52 FRONT Elevation from Lansdowne Crescent Garden 1911 ...... 57 Figure 53 Photos Rear of Hospital Courtesy Aston University ...... 58 Figure 54 Interior of Hospital 2010 ...... 59 Figure 55 The site and Setting from Worcester Road ...... 61 Figure 56 The site and Setting from the Hills AONB ...... 61 Figure 57 The Setting Front and Rear Elevations ...... 62 Figure 58 The Setting from Barnards Green Road Entrance 2009-2015 ...... 63 Figure 59 From Lansdowne Terrace Gardens overtime 1911-2014 ...... 64 Figure 60 Commemorative Opening Plaque ...... 66 Figure 61 Photo of List of Works of William Henman 1982 ...... 79

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1.1 The Consultants

Jacob Rock MA PGDip[Dist] HistEnvCons PGCE Louisa Davidson MA [Dist] HistEnvCons BA(Hons) ALCM AssocIHBC

Rock- Davidson Associates, Historic Building Consultancy, was recently formed to help and advise on all aspects of the historic environment; legislation, historic buildings pre-1970 and conservation matters. The Consultants have 30 years of experience and interest in the arts, architectural history, social history, genealogy and building conservation. With recent Masters Qualifications, postgraduate degrees with distinctions, in Historic Environment Conservation from the University of Birmingham, Ironbridge Institute, the consultants are up-to-date regarding current practice in all matters relating to the built environment. This course is accredited by the Institute of Historic Building Conservation (IHBC) and Louisa Davidson is an Associate Member of the IHBC. The consultants are also members of the Vernacular Architecture Group, SPAB and the C20 Society.

1.2 The Client

This report was funded by gifts and donations. It is written by consultants on behalf of the community of Malvern and beyond as it was felt that proper assessment of the Old Malvern Community Hospital building, Malvern, its history, character and importance and significance of the asset has not been fully told. The impact and loss through the proposed demolition of this 104 year old building would have a lasting effect on the community and the Great Malvern Conservation area

1.3 Background Heritage Statements

A Heritage Statement should ideally be prepared by an appropriate professional with the necessary expertise to properly assess the heritage asset and its significance. For buildings or sites of high significance it is recommended that the statement be prepared by an architectural historian, an accredited conservation consultant or architect or qualified archaeologist. It is important that the statement is a balanced; evidence based assessment of the potential impacts of the proposed development, and should not simply express a personal view on whether the works should be approved, paragraph 128. (NPPF, 2012) ( NPPF Planning Practice Guidance, 2014)

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A Heritage Statement can form part of a Design and Access Statement, but should contain sufficient detail to assess the history and character of the building, site or area and justify the proposed works in terms of their impact on the heritage asset. The statement should assess the nature, extent and importance of the significance of the asset and its setting and should be detailed enough that the impact of the proposed works on that significance and setting can be properly assessed by the local planning authority.

Briefly, a Heritage Statement should set out details of the history and development of the asset, using photographic, map, archival and fabric evidence. It should be accompanied by a photographic record, showing the site context and spaces and features which might be affected by the proposal, preferably cross-referenced to survey drawings. It should include an assessment of the archaeological, architectural, historical or other significance of the asset. It will also normally be necessary to include an assessment of the impact of the proposed works on the significance of the asset, and a statement of justification for those works, together with details of any mitigation measures proposed.

In straightforward cases the applicant may be able to provide the statement, having discussed what might be needed with the local authority. Normally however the services of an appropriately qualified and experienced historic environment professional will be needed. The local authority or the Institute of Historic Building Conservation (IHBC) should be able to advise further especially when assessing significance “To accord with the NPPF, an applicant will need to undertake an assessment of significance to inform the application process to an extent necessary to understand the potential impact (positive or negative) of the proposal and to a level of thoroughness proportionate to the relative importance of the asset whose fabric or setting is affected…consider whether it requires a desk-based assessment to understand the significance. It is good practice to use professionally accredited experts and to comply with relevant standards and guidance. To find a list of expert groups, see paragraph 19”. (Historic England, 2015) (ANDREW DERRICK Joint Committee of the National Amenity Societies , 2015)

For demolition of a listed building or a building in a conservation area which makes a positive contribution to the area (as defined by the Local Planning Authority) it is normal practise to provide a justification statement for the demolition explaining how you have met the requirements of paragraph 133 of the National Planning Policy Framework. (NPPF, 2012) ( NPPF Planning Practice Guidance, 2014)

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Since the introduction of Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5): Planning and the Historic Environment in March 2010, any application affecting heritage assets needs to include an assessment of the significance of the asset and its setting. This statement should also consider the impact the proposed development may have on the significance of the heritage asset. This is now outlined in the National Planning Policy Framework with para.128 of particular relevance ( NPPF Planning Practice Guidance, 2014)

Paragraph 4.1 of British Standard, Guide to the Conservation of Historic Buildings. BS7913:2013 also states that:

“Research and appraisal into the heritage values and significance of the historic building should be carried out to ensure that decisions resulting in change are informed by a thorough understanding of them. The level of the research appropriate is dependent on the nature and history of the historic building (for example, any statutory protection) and any proposed works.” (London UK BSI, 2013)

1.4 Methodology

This is a desk and web based assessment using Books, Local and County Archives, Aston University Archive and appropriate Websites.

1.5 Limitations

A detailed site visit for assessment was not possible as the authors and the community were denied access.

1.6 Acknowledgments

Aston University, Birmingham and author R.T.Tovey. Ann Backhouse, Sheila Young, Alan Stebbens for helping with archive material. Thanks to the community of Malvern and others in helping to fund this report

1.7 Copyright

The copyright of this report belongs to Rock-Davidson Historic Building Consultancy. No Liability to third parties is accepted for advice and statements made in this report

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2. Location

Great Malvern Worcestershire

Fig 1 Location Map Malvern

2.1 The Site Planning Application

15/01086/FUL Traditional and Ref: 15/01085/FUL Contemporary Proposal: Demolition of the former Malvern Community Hospital Site and replacement with a 50 No. bed care home together with ancillary accommodation, landscaping and parking. (C2 use) (Traditional Scheme) and (Contemporary Scheme)

Location: Former Malvern Community Hospital, Lansdowne Crescent, Malvern

Great Malvern Conservation Area

Applicant: Mr P Jeffery & Mr J McGarry Montpelier

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Fig 2 Location Map Lansdowne Crescent, Malvern

Fig 3 Aerial View Lansdowne Crescent 2013

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Fig 4 Current Building 2015 Old Community Hospital Lansdowne Crescent Malvern

The 1911 Hospital is described by author Alan Brooks in ‘Worcestershire: The Buildings of England’ as “Rock faced Cradley stone, Tudor-style. Tall gabled centre with green slate roofs and chamfered chimneys, lower ward blocks either side. Angled porch, with nice green Art Nouveau tiling inside” (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007). Figs 5-8 show the proposed new build schemes having demolished the 1911 building.

Fig 5 15/01085/FUL Proposed Contempory Scheme Front Elevation

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Fig 6 15/01086/FUL Proposed Traditional Scheme Front Elevation

Fig 7 15/ 01085/ FUL Proposed Contempory Scheme Rear Elevation

Fig 8 15/ 01086/ FUL Proposed Traditional Scheme Rear Elevation

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2.2 Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs)

The Malvern Community Hospital site Lansdowne Crescent has an adopted Concept Statement Supplementary Planning Document adopted and dated August 2006

Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs) HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT GOOD PRACTICE ADVICE IN PLANNING Note 1 The Historic Environment in Local Plans 2015 says

Point 26 “A heritage SPD brought forward in line with paragraph 153 of the NPPF can be a useful tool to amplify and elaborate on the delivery of the positive heritage strategy in the Local Plan and some local planning authorities may choose to support their conservation strategy within the Local Plan using a topic-specific SPD. There may be heritage considerations in other types of SPDs, for example flood management.” ( Historic England, 2015) [HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT GOOD PRACTICE ADVICE IN PLANNING Note 1 The Historic Environment in Local Plans 2015]

2.3 MHDC Concept SPD Statement 2006 Lansdowne Crescent Description

Below are the main conservation points taken From SPD 2006 Document

 p2. Existing building – a large Edwardian building presently occupies the site. The building makes a positive contribution to the character and appearance of conservation area. It is proposed to seek the retention of conversion of the building, removing unsightly modern additions from the front elevation, but retaining important original architectural features both external and internal  p4. Boundary wall – a distinctive stone boundary wall runs along site frontage. Proposals should retain this feature  p5. development principles –original external and internal features should be retained the chimney’s former prominent and intrinsic part of the character of the building and assist in breaking up the roofline of this large building. They should be retained in their present form. In the entrance lobby is an original fountain comprising a wall mounted basin and spout lookups and chains. This features of local historic interest. It was the only fountain constructed in a medical establishment in the 20th century using Malvern water and should be preserved. In addition, the building contains a number of features including wall and floor skirting tiles, glazed ware mantelpieces, marble terrazzo paving to corridors and staircase and principle doors and fittings of teak.

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Fig 9 Front cover of Concept Statement Malvern Community Hospital Site SPD 2006

2.4 Conservation Area Designation

The Malvern Community Hospital site Lansdowne Crescent is within The Great Malvern Conservation Area

Great Malvern Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Strategy, April 2008 The Conservation Area was designated in 1969 in recognition of the special architectural and historic interest of the area. The Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Strategy is intended to be used as guidance for development proposals that affect the area and includes assessments of: · existing activity and prevailing or former uses, and their influence on the conservation area and its buildings; · the architectural and historic qualities of the buildings and the contribution that these make to the conservation area; · local building details and materials; and · the quality of the public realm and the contribution made to the conservation area by green spaces.

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With Reference to Malvern Hills District Council Great Malvern Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Strategy April 2008 quote:

GENERAL CHARACTER

“The Great Malvern Conservation Area can be characterised by the town’s origins as a spa town and then its subsequent development through the Victorian period. It has a distinctive character defined by the built environment of high quality architecture as well as its natural geology and landscape situated at the base of the Malvern Hills, designated as an area of outstanding natural beauty (A NOB). The Malvern Hills create the landform and basic grain of the early road networks and of the town’s development. They also greatly contribute to the conservation area as an attractive backdrop for the town, which enhances views into, out of, across and within the area. The conservation area was originally designated because of its rich architectural heritage including Stuccoed, Classical, Victoria, Regency, Gothic Revival and Italianate styled buildings. Along with the attractive architecture of the buildings, the plan setting out the streetscape with boundary walls and mature planting add character to the area. Today the area is one of the few Victorian towns of its size that remains intact, which further emphasises its importance in justification of the conservation area. Great Malvern conservation area can generally be characterised by its three key stages of development. There is the historic core around the Abbey of 15th century date and the development as a coaching stop with the Unicorn public house built in the 16th century, the Regency origins of the town to the base of the Malvern Hills and then moving from the hills down into the valley the spread of a Victorian development of large houses on individual plots. All three of these key phases of development are fundamental to the development of Great Malvern and to this character defines the town today. When defining characteristics of Great Malvern the open space, landscaping and the spread of mature trees must also be considered as these are intertwined across the whole area and provide cohesion between the different character areas.” (Malvern Hills District Council, 2008)

EH Conservation Areas HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ADVICE NOTE 1 Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management Consultation says

Point 22 “Most of the buildings in a conservation area will help to shape its character. The extent to which their contribution is considered as positive depends not just on their street elevations but also on their integrity as historic structures and the impact they have in three dimensions, perhaps in an interesting roofscape or skyline. Back elevations can be important, as can side views from alleys and yards. It will be helpful to identify those key unlisted buildings that make an important contribution to the character of the conservation area, as well as those which clearly detract from it and could be replaced” (Historic England, 2015)

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2.5 MHDC Policy QL8 Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas

Malvern Hills District Council [MHDC} has its own policy on demolition of buildings in Conservation Areas:- Malvern Hills District Council is working with Wychavon District and Worcester City Councils on the South Worcestershire Development Plan. Whilst the updated plan is being produced the Council’s development plan includes the following saved policies from the Malvern Hills District Local Plan, 2006 that are relevant to this assessment

Policy QL8 Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas - Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas. Proposals for the demolition of a building or structure in a Conservation Area will not be permitted unless it is clearly demonstrated that:- a) the building or structure is of no recognised interest by itself or by association and has no value to, or has a character or appearance inappropriate to, the Conservation Area; b) its demolition or replacement would enhance the character or appearance of the Conservation Area; c) in the case of buildings which are considered to make a positive contribution to the character or appearance of the Conservation Area, it is clearly demonstrated to be redundant and wholly beyond repair and there are detailed and appropriate proposals for redevelopment, together with clear evidence that such redevelopment will proceed; and d) there are overriding safety or other reasons.

Reasoned Justification 4.3.16 Not all buildings within a Conservation Area are listed. There are many unlisted buildings which make a positive contribution to the character of a Conservation Area either on their own or as part of a group. They can also be important in providing a sense of enclosure or act as a focal point. In these circumstances the Council will not normally be prepared to grant permission for demolition or redevelopment, and in any application involving demolition would expect to see clear and convincing evidence of the building's obsolescence in line with the advice in PPG15, "Planning and the Historic Environment". 4.3.17 There are other instances where buildings either harm or make a neutral contribution to the special architectural or historic character and appearance of a Conservation Area. Demolition or redevelopment of these sites could open up important views of historic buildings or provide an opportunity, through good design, to enhance the area. 4.3.18 Where demolition is unavoidable, careful consideration will be given to the effect any replacement building has on the local scene to ensure that it makes an equal or enhanced contribution to the special character and appearance of the Conservation Area. Planning Permission will, in appropriate cases, only be granted subject to a condition requiring a contract to be let for the redevelopment before any demolition takes place. 4.3.19 Wherever beneficial, materials should be salvaged from the building(s) and re-used in conservation and restoration schemes, either through redevelopment of the site concerned or the refurbishment or repair of other buildings. (MHDC, 2013)

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2.5.1 RDA Consultants Responses to MHDC Policy QL8

Ref a) the building or structure is of no recognised interest by itself or by association and has no value to, or has a character or appearance inappropriate to, the Conservation Area;

A]This building The Old Community Hospital Malvern clearly has a recognised interest by itself and by association and has great value to, character and appearance appropriate to, the Conservation Area and has a SPD Concept Statement adopted for it in 2006[See Section 2.3]

Ref b) its demolition or replacement would enhance the character or appearance of the Conservation Area;

B] Its demolition or replacement would NOT enhance the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. This attractive Edwardian building, sensitively contextualises with neighbouring buildings and is an integral part of Malvern's distinctive historic environment

Ref c) in the case of buildings which are considered to make a positive contribution to the character or appearance of the Conservation Area, it is clearly demonstrated to be redundant and wholly beyond repair and there are detailed and appropriate proposals for redevelopment, together with clear evidence that such redevelopment will proceed;

C] It may be redundant but is in reasonable condition NOT wholly beyond repair. It would be possible to find a re-use

Ref d) there are overriding safety or other reasons

D] This building has a recognised interest, national and local historical association with CW Dyson Perrins of Lea and Perrins Worcester Sauce and Worcester Porcelain fame and recognised architectural interest and importance nationally as a Hospital by hospital Architect William Henman FRIBA [See Sections 4.1 4.2 App.I-V]

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2.6 National Planning Policy Framework 2012

NPPF SECTION 12: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’

NPPF SECTION 12: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, requires that local planning authorities, in determining applications that might have an impact on a heritage asset, should consider the particular significance of the asset and its setting. Paragraph 132 and 133 is of particular relevance for The Old Community Hospital, Malvern. A conservation area is a designated heritage asset [site place area or landscape] • designated heritage assets such as a conservation area, world heritage site, registered battlefield or registered historic park and garden (NPPF, 2014)

The NPPF makes it clear that new development should be plan-led (para 154). The NPPF also makes it clear that the Government attaches ‘great weight’, both to the conservation of designated heritage assets including their settings, and the importance of securing high quality design. Both issues are core planning principles in the NPPF (para 17) with design policies being covered in paras 56 to 68 and conserving and enhancing the historic environment in paras 126 to 141. In addition, the NPPF makes clear that the significance of heritage assets derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting (para 132).’ (English Heritage, 2014)

The glossary in Annex 2 of the NPPF gives the following definition: ‘Heritage asset: A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).’

Paragraph 132: requires that when considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting

Paragraph 133: requires that where a proposed development will lead to ‘substantial harm’ or loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, LPAs should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh the harm or loss;

Paragraph 138: indicates that not all elements of a Conservation Area will necessarily contribute to its significance. Loss of a building which makes a positive contribution to the significance of a Conservation Area should be treated as either substantial harm under paragraph 133 or less than substantial harm under paragraph 134, taking into account the relative significance of the element and its contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area;

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This planning applications ref 15/01086/FUL Traditional and Ref: 15/01085/FUL Contemporary schemes involve demolition of The 1911 Old Community Hospital, Malvern. It is Rock Davidsons opinion that these schemes do not achieve substantial public benefits. The proposal seeks not to utilise the existing building but re build on the site a private residential care home .An alternative community or residential use using the existing building should first be sort for a building that was originally built and given to the townfolk of Malvern. A re use option that would benefit the town and the community would be preferable perhaps not residential. Rock Davidson would argue that this building does make a positive contribution as stated in the MHDC SPD 2006 to the Great Malvern Conservation Area and therefore its demolition/loss would be ‘substantial harm’ NPPF Para 133. The rest of this report outlines the relative significance of the Old Community Malvern Hospital and therefore evidence of its importance and contribution to the Conservation Area. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting

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3. The Site-Understanding the History of Malvern Hospital

A Heritage Statement should set out details of the history and development of the asset, using photographic, map, archival and fabric evidence.

3.1 Brief History of the Location- Town of Great Malvern

Malvern began life as a village centred around the Benedictine Monastery and Priory and did not grow until the beginning of the C19. Due to the town’s wealth and prosperity as a Spa town, chiefly in the 19th century, and the towns unique positioning within an area of outstanding natural beauty, the Malvern Hills, the town saw in the past wealthy individuals spend lavishly on villas of all styles, shapes and sizes with no expense spared. The Classical and Gothick Regency buildings are mostly located around The Priory and along the Worcester Road and the majority were GDII listed in the 1970s. As a result of the purity of the now famous ‘Malvern Water and Springs’ Malvern did not grow into a town until late C18 when ‘Malvern’ was put on the map, consequently most early villas date from the Regency period and are listed. Most however fall within the towns Conservation Areas and date from the later Victorian/Edwardian periods and are not listed. An increase in building in C19 happened with the coming of the ‘water cure doctors’ notably Dr Gully and Dr Wilson and hydropathy (Nott, 1900) (WindsorHarcup, 2010) Architectural examples of building styles continued through to the Arts and Crafts movement up to 1910 even when the water cure/spa town businesses dwindled. This building of Malvern spread out downhill [East ] below the Regency area [where Lansdowne Crescent is situated]. No street is the same, most are individually designed Villas, a mix of Classical Victorian, Gothic, High Gothic and late Victorian / c1900-14 Arts & Crafts, a real battle of the styles. There are very few terraced properties due to Lady Foleys covenants. ‘Lady Emily Foley- the Lord of the Manor- severely controlled the kind of houses built within a mile of the Priory. So, was she not one of Englands first town planners?’ (Rt Hon The Earl Beauchamp, 1953) Lansdowne Crescent is an exception as it was owned by J W Lea and W Perrins.Many private schools set up in the early 20th century were often housed in the previous ‘hydropathy’ lodgings that sprang up in the height of the ‘water cure’. (Hurle, 1985) Malvern was regenerated again in the 1920s and 30s by George Bernard Shaw and Elgar with an annual Festival (Smith, 1964) The Malvern Hills and Commons are protected by an Act of Parliament and the formation of the Malvern Conservators in 1877. Today the area is also designated as an AONB. The Malvern Hills form an important backdrop to the town “When looking over the town and the Severn plain from the Hills the rear of many of the properties are visible from the higher level and the architecture and design of the rear elevations has been designed with the expectation that they will be viewed. Such views can be seen from Wells Road, Anne’s Road and Worcester Road (between the villas) looking east.” (Malvern Hills District Council, 2008)

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3.2 Maps: Expansion of Malvern

Fig 10 1812 Ordnance Survey Foley Map Lansdowne Area Circled

Fig 11 OS Plan 1974-1991 1 :10, 000 Lansdowne Area Circled

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3.3 Local Benefactor C. W Dyson Perrins

Charles William Dyson Perrins Born on 25 May 1864 was brought up in a generation where charity was considered one of the responsibilities of the better off, however he was no indiscriminate giver. Careful investigation had to convince him that a cause fully deserved support, but when convinced, he gave very generously. The Malvern Hospital, Malvern Library, Dyson Perrins High School, Malvern, Winchester Cathedral, Magdalen College Oxford and The Royal Grammar School, Worcester, were all given help with projects in his lifetime. (Musuem of Royal Worcester, n.d.) He was educated at Charterhouse and Queens College Oxford. After 4 years serving in the Highland Light Infantry (1888–1892) and following the death of his father, Dyson Perrins entered the family business.

Fig 12 C.W. Dyson Perrins Source: Museum Fig 13 Davenham House Malvern of Royal Worcester Source: RDA

The family wealth had derived from a string of chemist’s shops and the growing sale of Worcestershire Sauce. (Charles’s grandfather William Perrins in partnership with John Wheeley Lea had developed the secret recipe for the now famous sauce in the 1830s.) He lived in Malvern with his wife, Catherine Gregory whom he married in 1889 and travelled daily to the sauce factory in Worcester. [Also designed by William Henman 1896/97] He was a most astute and successful businessman, becoming Mayor of Worcester in 1897 and High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1899. By this date he had also begun to acquire the illuminated manuscripts and early printed books that were ultimately to form one of the most valuable and extensive private collections in Britain. In 1923 Dyson Perrins married his second wife Frieda Milne and they travelled the world together, constantly on the lookout for manuscripts and Worcester Porcelain. They lived at his family home Davenham in Malvern, where a special train siding was built to take the family and staff by private train up to his Scottish estate and home, Ardross castle. [Dyson Perrins bought the Ardross Estate in Ross & Cromarty in 1899. He gave a community centre (the Perrins Centre) to the town of Alness (as well as bowling and golf clubs) which was designed by William Henman & Thomas Cooper 1903-4.] (John Gifford and Pevsner, 1992) p. 381

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During the 1920s the porcelain factory was struggling and Perrins made up the wages of workers from his own pocket when there were few orders coming in. It was essential for the future that highly skilled workers remained at the factory. He also recognised the importance of the company museum collection and in 1927 he purchased the entire collection for £15,000, well above its actual value, agreeing that it should remain at the works for the remainder of his life. However the financial situation at Worcester continued to worsen, in 1929 the receivers were called in, and after a few uncertain years, in 1934 Dyson Perrins bought the company outright.

In 1946 CW Dyson Perrins established the Perrins Trust to unite the Factory museum collection and his own private collection. The two collections were first displayed to the public in the company’s old showroom, opened by Princess Elizabeth in 1951. Dyson Perrins continued as Governing Director of Royal Worcester until 1953 and in 1954 when the company became a public company he remained as honorary president. (Musuem of Royal Worcester, n.d.)

C.W. Dyson Perrins gave generously to the people of Malvern. Malvern Library 1906, The Malvern Hospital 1911, Rosebank House 1918, Dyson Perrins High School 1950s. Clearly the former hospital has an association with a local family of industrialists and philanthropists

In 1918 C.W. Dyson Perrins purchased Rosebank House and Gardens and gifted the building to the town. Today only the gardens remain as the house was demolished by MUC in 1961. [Should MHDC allow another gift from Mr Perrins to be demolished?]

Fig 14 Rosebank House 1959 before Demolition Source: The Red Box Collection Historic England

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3.4 Historical Overview-Malvern Hospital site

LANSDOWNE CRESCENT Chronology

 1744 Estate Map shows Lansdowne Crescent is a piece of land, listed as 'Vicaridge Croft The Nelson' on the 1744 Foley Estate map, although it did not belong to the Foleys (Stebbens, 2003)  1807, the land formed part of a marriage settlement when Sarah Kerby (a widow) married Samuel Roe (Stebbens, 2003)  1851 June, the land was auctioned at the Unicorn Inn and was bought by J W Lea and W Perrins (Stebbens, 2003)  c1856, Lea & Perrins made a plan for the land together with builder Thomas Perkins  the plot had been divided by the proposed route of the new railway line; above the railway line, the land was developed as LC; below the railway line, Lansdowne House (c1870) and Lansdowne Terrace (c1860) were built (Stebbens, 2003)  1865 the Wesleyan Church was built

 1911 the original plan for LC was for multiple blocks of terraced houses, three of which remain, and two of which were demolished to make room for the new hospital which opened in 1911; these five blocks were the only ones actually built the plots not built on were later developed as individual private houses; (Stebbens, 2003)

 1911 Hospital completed and opened  Reports of the Malvern Hospital (5161 Parcel 18) for the periods: 1898-1927 (18, BA5161 parcel, 1898-1927)  Committee Meeting Minutes Books (7786 Parcels 9-12) Minute Books for the periods: 1917-1923, 1931-1939, 1939-1946, 1947-1948 (BA7786 Parcel 9-12, 1917- 1948)  1947 Oct 1st Meeting of Committee Nationalisation of Hospitals  1948 July 1st Final monthly meeting of the Committee of the Malvern Hospital

Final sale of stocks had been completed Certificate of bank balance received from Lloyds Bank £14,000 handed over to MoH and a balance of a further £1,300 to be transferred on the close of the account at midday on 3rd July Wayleave agreement with Manor Park Club completed and signed (this was to allow them to have an electricity service cable laid through the Hospital grounds) Letter from MoH asking for accounts to 4th July 1948 to be prepared for audit (BA7786 Parcel 9-12, 1917-1948)

 10th June 1948 Annual Mtg of the Governors of the Hospital

Mr C W Dyson Perrins re-elected President, Lord Beauchamp re-elected Vice President (BA7786 Parcel 9- 12, 1917-1948)  1948-2010 Hospital is run by NHS until move to new site  2015 Under Offer, subject to Planning and assumed still owned by NHS

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3.5 Map Regression Lansdowne Crescent

Fig 15 OS County Series Worcs 1887 1: 2 ,500 Lansdowne Area Circled

Fig 16 OS County Series Worcs 1927 1 :2 ,500 Lansdowne Area Circled

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Fig 17 OS Plan 1972 1 :2, 500 Lansdowne Area Circled

Fig 18 Google Aerial View 2013 Lansdowne Area Circled

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3.6 The Building and Opening of the Hospital Lansdowne Crescent

Fig 19 The Malvern Hospital Source: Photo with Report of The Malvern Hospital Year Ending 31st December 1911

When the Hospital in Hospital Bank was no longer large enough to accommodate the increase in population of the town of Malvern local benefactor CW Dyson Perrins of Davenham House Malvern financed the building of a new Hospital on the land he owned at Lansdowne Crescent in 1909 [Fig 15] [See also Chronology Lansdowne Crescent 3.4]

Fig 20 The Malvern Hospital above Date unknown but probably 1930s

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In 1909 CW Dyson Perrins of Davenham House Malvern commissioned well known hospital Architect William Henman FRIBA of whom he and the Perrins Family were already well acquainted. [See Henman 4.1] Henman having designed The Lea and Perrins Worcester Sauce Factory in 1896-7”brick 5+4+5 bays two storey above a basement, the centre with intermittently blocked round arched entrance flanked by paired Doric windows. Broad C17 style gable and clock turret rebuilt more or less in original form in 1966 after a fire. Within,offices and warehouses are set around a top glazed courtyard” pg 766 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) [See App V] Henman also built extensions to the Perrins home in Malvern Davenham House "Davenham .... much extended in elaborate 15C Loire style for CWD by WH in 1900-02, and after a fire, in 1904-05 ..." (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007)[See App V] and by now [1909] was a leading architect of Hospitals with his own improved ventilation and other patented designs and modern facilities. He was architect of The Birmingham General Hospital [now Birmingham Childrens Hospital] The Hospital was opened by Queen Victoria’s daughter Princess Christian on 7th July 1897and he was Architect of The Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast opened in 1901.

Fig 21 The Perrins Centre Ardross Scotland Opened in 1904 by Dyson Perrins as the Ardross Alness Club containing a library, a reading room and a billiard room. The gift from the Lea & Perrins Sauce philanthropist, costing around £3000, was to provide "amusement and relaxation of the young men after their days work was done and the providing of sound, wholesome instruction which might induce young men to spend their evenings in mental and moral improvement."

Perrins who also owned the Ardross Estate in Scotland commissioned his favourite Architect William Henman to build (the Perrins Centre) gifted to the town of Alness (as well as Bowling and Golf clubs) [See Fig 21 ]

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Article of opening Ceremony 2 nd June 1911 Mr Perrins munificent gift

The ‘new’ Malvern Hospital opens with a grand ceremony as reported in the Malvern Gazette 1911

Fig 22‘new’ Malvern Hospital opens with a grand ceremony as reported in the Malvern Gazette 1911

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Fig 23 TRANSCRIPT from Article Malvern Gazette – 2 June 1911 – Opening Of The New Hospital – Editorial – Mr Perrins Magnificent Gift “A magnificent gift has been presented to Malvern by Mr CW Dyson Perrins, of Davenham, in the handsome new hospital which has been erected in Lansdowne Crescent, and which was formally opened in presence of a large and representative attendance by countess Beauchamp on Monday last. In many ways the people of this town are indebted to Mr Perrins, whose family have long resided in the district. His benefactions have been frequent and generous ……………..The old hospital had been recognised to some time as inadequate for its needs. Considerable alterations were contemplated, but an examination survey by an expert revealed the fact that it was almost impossible to remodel a building in a desirable manner. It was then that Mr Perrins came forward. Not only did he offer a suitable site for an entirely new hospital, but he generously decided to erect and equip the building at his own expense………. The new hospital must commend itself to the residents of Malvern from every point of view. It has been constructed on the most modern lines, and will meet all the calls upon it. It is also the advantage of being centrally situated, whereas the old hospital is on the fringe of the district dependent upon it. The site is not a large one, there is ample space around the building which commands charming views of the hills and open country, and so far as fresh air, cheerful outlook, rest and quiet in a well arranged, substantially constructed and thoroughly equipped institution can assist the skill of physicians, there is every reason for believing that the hospital with a means of restoring to health and strength many of those in misfortune it is to be incapacitated by illness, accident or disease. The building has been designed by Mr William Henman, FRIBA of Birmingham, whose wide experience as a hospital architect is apparent in the convenient arrangements adopted, as well as a serviceable quality of the permanent fittings and appliances which were almost entirely supplied by the well-known firm of Messrs Cox and Painter, Warwick House, Malvern………….”

The Old Hospital, Hospital Bank is now a GDII Listed building, no longer a hospital, and has been adapted for residential use.

Fig 24 TRANSCRIPT MALVERN GAZETTE – 2 OF JUNE 1911, MALVERN NEW HOSPITAL, OPENING CEREMONY

MALVERN NEW HOSPITAL. As the Dyson Perrins gift. Opening ceremony performed by Countess Beauchamp.”The new Malvern hospital, magnificent gift of Mr CW Dyson Perrins of Malvern was formally opened by Countess Beauchamp on Monday afternoon, in front of a large and representative attendance…………… Mr CW Dyson Perrins said………….. He would not weary them with reading the list of names, but he should like to mention one, the patron of the hospital, Lord Coventry, who expressly wished him (Mr Dyson Perrins) to say how much he regretted that another engagement prevented him from being present there that day….He hoped they would all go through the building themselves, so that he need not dwell on details, but there were one or two things he should like to point out. They have been able, like so many other houses in Malvern, to take advantage of the fact they were building on a slope, and get two ground floors, so that on the lower floors they would find the necessary machinery for a hospital, the kitchens, the sitting rooms, and store rooms……….On the floor above, still on the ground level there were the wards of the hospital proper. They had treated both sexes on an absolute equality. (Laughter) there was an operating room, which he thought could hardly be excelled by any other in the kingdom. He should like a specially to mention a prominent feature, a special ward for children, which had been provided at the express wish of his wife (applause) although they would see the hospital on a bright day, they would not fail to recognise even on a dull day, there would hardly be a dark corner, a great feature in hospital construction. Another fact, not so apparent at first sight, was that it was entirely a fireproof construction, so that as a building it could not burn. That was done in consequence of his own experience some years ago

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He should like to express a word of thanks to the architect, Mr Henman. He was accustomed to build hospitals on a bigger scale and in a much more lavish manner than that, but he (Mr Dyson Perrins) was sure he had never taken greater interest or exercise greater skill than on the present occasion. A word of acknowledgement was also due to the builders who had taken a personal interest in the work and had been careful that everything supplied should be of the very best………….. He should also like to express his thanks to Lady Beauchamp (applause) who had come especially from London from her many pleasures and duties to be with them that afternoon to declare the building open and started upon its creative usefulness. He was going to let them into a little secret, which he had never yet divulged to anyone, and that was that that hospital was really due to Lady Beauchamp herself, because it was a chance remark, which she dropped in a casual conversation some three or four years ago, which led him to think that a new hospital was wanted in Malvern. The result of that conversation was now before them. They had not only to thank Lady Beauchamp to declare the hospital open, but they had to thank her for its very existence. “And now my task is done” Mr Dyson Perrins concluded. “It has been a great interest to me to build this hospital, and it is only excelled by the pleasure it gives me to hand it over to the trustees, which I do so by asking Sir Henry Grey to accept this deed (loud applause). Sir Henry Grey said, on behalf of hospital committee, it was with great pleasure and deep gratitude that he accepted that magnificent gift from Mr Perrins. They were accustomed to look on Mr and Mrs Perrins as benefactors, and there was no philanthropic scheme which was not closely associated with and helped by them. They had far outstripped their previous efforts on that occasion erecting a building so pleasant to look upon. It was quite a feature on the landscape and was a great improvement on what was there before. It’s neatness and thoroughness was characteristic of all that that Mr Perrins did….. Dr Holbeche said it was his privilege on behalf of the honorary medical staff to express their deep sense of gratitude to Mr Perrins. They thanked him with all their hearts that magnificent gift, which had been so nobly conceived and so splendidly carried out. The genius of the architect was evident everywhere, and they of the medical staff would do all they could to enhance the value, if that were possible, of that noble building. They would all agree with him that it had added one more beauty to the already and varied beauties of Malvern, and it behoved everyone in the neighbourhood to do all they could to support the welfare of that magnificent institution. They thanked Mr Perrins with all their hearts (applause)………. Mr Perrins had let them into a secret of most interesting kind, and they must feel that while Lady Beauchamp had said many things that are approved of considerable influence yet she could scarcely have let fall any remark which had a more direct a momentous result than her suggestion about the need of a new hospital in Malvern…………. The Bishop then offered up a prayer, after which Lady Beauchamp expressed the pleasure it afforded her to declare the building open by unlocking one of the doors of the hospital, for which purpose she was presented with a gilt key from the architect. On the call of Dr Holbeche, three cheers were raised for Mr Dyson Perrins. After the opening ceremony the visitors were conducted around the new building and all joined in expressing high approval of the beauty and utility of the institution.

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Photo on the right RDA think is William Henman FRIBA the Architect

Fig 25 Photos of Personalities Opening of New Hospital Source: Malvern Gazette 2 June 2011

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Fig 26 TRANSCIPT MALVERN GAZETTE 2 JUNE 1911 2 JUNE 1911 MALVERN NEW HOSPITAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

Although the actual site on which the building stands is not large, there is ample space which will remain unbuilt on around, and it commands magnificent views of the hills and the open country. The building overlooks the Manor Park, and patients be able to watch from the windows, or the balconies, the play at tennis, croquet, or bowls, which during the summer and autumn, makes the Park so attractive. So far as fresh air, cheerful, out-look, rest and quiet in a conveniently arranged, substantially constructed, and well equipped building can assist the skill of physician or surgeon and the kindly ministrations of trained nurses, there is a good reason for believing that the handsome gift to Mr Perrins will be the means of restoring to health and strength many whose misfortune it may be to be incapacitated by illness, accident or disease……. A SPECIAL FEATURE………..The building throughout is fireproof, no timber or other combustible material being incorporated in floor or roof construction. Reinforced concrete, or Sideolith methods, has been extensively employed. The walls are faced externally with Cradley stone, having Bath stone dressings, backed by brickwork. The roof is supported by steel principles, the sloping parts being slated on the outside………During the last few months a number of hospital fires with great risk to patients have emphasised the importance of fire proof construction. Pleasing effects internally are secured by the use of wall and skirting tiles, glazed ware mantelpieces, and marble terrazzo paving to corridors and staircase. The principal doors and fittings are of polished teak THE UPPER FLOOR is devoted to sleeping rooms for the matron and staff. A special form of register fireplace attracts attention, the advantage of this type being that when the register is closed it does not prevent a passage of air for the ventilation of the room……..On the upper floor are seven bedrooms, a bathroom, sewing room, housemaids closet and offices. The entrance to the hospital is of bold design, in keeping with the character of the building, the porch being of Cradley stone, while dressings are of Bath stone. For the boundary wall, which is of an imposing character, Portland stone has been employed. On the right of the entrance is the out-patients room…………… At one end of the corridor is the men’s ward, the women’s ward being at the other, each containing eight beds, and each opening out onto a balcony of reinforced concrete, fitted with rings from which awnings may be suspended for the protection of the patients…A linen cupboard, an electrical lift for conveying meals and coal, and of general utility, a cleaners room are on the same floor. The children’s ward has its own balcony, sanitary annexe with a small bath……….. On the lower floor there is a commodious tiled kitchen……well fitted scullery, a service room to nurses sitting room and dining room, the matrons sitting room, an X ray room, a heating chamber, pantry, three dry stores, a coal cellar, a wash house and a drying and ironing room.. A cloakroom and offices have been provided for members of the committee. There is ample room for storage and a mortuary. The grounds have been tastefully laid out…… The design of the building and its supervision during construction were entrusted to Mr William Henman F RIBA, his wide experience as a hospital architect is apparent in the convenient plannings, as well as in the serviceable quality of the permanent fittings and appliances. Messrs T and A Brazier were the contractors, who assisted by an able fore man and experienced artisans, have carried out the work in a most satisfactory manner. For the furnishing, including the X-ray and the fittings in the operating room, and also the whole of the linen, the well-known firm of Mr’s Cox and painter of Warwick house were responsible, and they also have accomplished their task successfully. Chairs tables cabinets etc are of solid oak, and some of the furniture is upholstered in dark green morocco leather. The admirable way in which each department of hospital is equipped must win for the donor the gratitude of the whole district, and will place the building in the first rank of similar institutions in the kingdom. At the main entrance to the building are two tablets bearing the following inscriptions “by Mr and Mrs CW Dyson Perrins, of Davenam, this hospital was built, furnished and equipped. It was opened on May 29, 1911. In grateful commemoration of the gift this tablet has been placed here by the Committee” “in memory of Mrs Piper, of the Hollies, the X-ray apparatus was given to this hospital by her pupils and friends”

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Fig 27 Pictorial Supplement to Celebrate Opening Of Hospital Source: Malvern Gaz 1911

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4. Understanding The Architecture Malvern Hospital

In 1909 CW Dyson Perrins of Davenham House Malvern commissioned well known hospital Architect William Henman FRIBA of whom he and the Perrins Family were already well acquainted. Section 4.1- 4.3 discusses the importance of this innovative and celebrated Architect whose name was widely known in connection with Hospital planning and construction, of which he had made a special study

4.1 William Henman FRIBA Architect of Malvern Hospital

Fig 28 At the Birmingham General Hospital 1897 designed by William Henman FRIBA The Architect pictured on the steps [centre] Courtesy Aston Univ JF Tovey “William Henman was born in London in 1846 and was articled to his father Charles Henman in 1866, at the late age of twenty. He then moved to the office of Thomas Hayter Lewis while attending the Royal Academy Schools. He subsequently moved to the office of Edward Sharpe and travelled in France before commencing independent practice in 1871 in Stockton on Tees in partnership with John William Alexander. In 1879 they won three competitions in the Birmingham area and Henman moved there to supervise the jobs and decided to stay. He formed a partnership with Thomas Cooper there from 1898. Henman was a specialist in the design of hospitals and developed improved ventilation systems based on American models. Henman was admitted ARIBA on 20 March 1881, his proposers being Thomas Hayter Lewis, Francis Cranmer Penrose and Ewan Christian. He was elected FRIBA on 11 March 1895, his proposers being Penrose, Alfred Waterhouse and William Hale.

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He died in 1917”. (www.scottisharchitects.org.uk, 2015)

Mr W Henman of W Henman and T Cooper of Birmingham was elected in 1882 as Associate and 1895 a Fellow, of the Royal Institute of British Architects and served as member of Council; he was Institute Medallist (drawings) 1868, and Pugin student, 1871. He was a member, Birmingham Architectural Association. In April 1898, he took into partnership Mr Thomas Cooper, a former pupil of, and then assistant to, Mr Alfred Waterhouse; the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent in March 1910, and Mr Henman continued to practice. He was the architect of many buildings in Birmingham when he partnered Thomas Cooper, He also designed in Scotland and Malvern through Dyson Perrins Family connections. He often designed Council Offices, Board Schools and municipal buildings such as The Stockton Exchange Building 1871-75, West Bromwich Town Hall 1875, Handsworth Council Offices and Library 1880,Aston Manor Council offices 1880, and some private houses but he speciality later became Hospitals with his innovative designs and use of materials for Hospitals large and small. William Henman may be regarded as a pioneer architect working within the contemporary surge of scientific development which led eventually to new constructional methods. These were governed by the introduction of mechanical services found necessary for the efficient functioning of large buildings, and which became architectural in the sense that the deployment of mechanical services such as heating, lighting, lifts and air conditioning made possible new forms of buildings and gave rise to the modern movement in architecture

“from an examination of the career of William Henman evidence emerges that he may well have made a significant contribution to the development of heating and ventilating techniques, incorporating them in the initial planning stage as an integral part of the design process in the creation of a building to fulfil specific human needs” …………….“the particular buildings to which he applied his philosophy of overall planning are large city hospitals, his greatest contribution being in one large project designed at the height of his maturity, having had during his early career considerable experience in the designing of smaller cottage hospitals in which the ancillary services, were considered necessary, were added as an extra feature”

(Tovey, 1982)p6

Henmans pursuit at all times of competitive work early lead him into the field hospital design – and activities suited to his interest in the sanitary and engineering aspects of all his profession, and one which continued cross all the years of his career, his greatest achievement being the revolutionary design of the Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast in 1903.

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Henman’s ideas were noted two years later by members of the hospital building committee in Belfast whose experience of fan assisted ventilation encountered in the construction of large oceangoing vessels, convinced them of the practical advantages, and Henman was invited to Belfast to demonstrate its feasibility. The hospital that resulted in 1903 takes its place as a pioneer building, not only in the sphere of hospitals design possibly as the inception of the first fully air-conditioned device in the world

He gained his first experience in hospital work in the first year of his career when, as partner to JW Alexander, an enlargement of the cottage Hospital at North Ormesby was undertaken – an important building in the history of the cottage Hospital movement as it was only the second of its kind to be built in the Kingdom. Henman subsequent contribution to the movement included designs, the new cottage hospitals at Redditch (1893) Ramsey, Isle of Man (1905,) and Malvern (1911) the latter containing in its construction concrete beams strengthened by expanded metal framework patented by Henman in 1906. A hospital commission followed soon after Henman’s arrival in the Midlands when he competed successfully for the West Bromwich infirmary assessed by Yeovil Thomason of Birmingham. This was a medium-size hospital of 224 beds which Henman designed as a pavilion plan layout of widely spaced ward blocks. By the close of his career in 1912, he had made additions and alterations to 8 hospitals, designed 7 entirely new ones, and had entered with merit competitions in the several very large city hospitals including Manchester Royal infirmary and the Bristol infirmary and acted as assessor himself in hospital design competitions for example, the Dental Hospital, Birmingham 1901 and was chosen as assessor for the new buildings for the British Medical Association and the Strand London (1907))” “the alternative solution that normal wards could be placed side by side without need for open windows by utilising plenum ventilation, this reducing corridor communication providing the patient’s needs more efficiently.” (Tovey, 1982)“although Henman, lacking stylistic originality, has not been placed among the most influential architects of his time, he displayed many of the qualities that propelled other Victorian architects to prominence….He was never satisfied with designing a mere building: the interior decoration, furnishings, designer stained glass and other detailing all received his creative scrutiny. The cast-iron features: West Bromwich town hall were to specific design, the stairway balustrade at Handsworth is unique to the building et cetera….His designs, whether Gothic, neoclassic or domestic Tudor show sensitivity to local site and needs and give the impression that they were not slavish reproductions but rather his own creative antidote in reaction to the realities of the industrial Society which he served” even in 1985 the author Tovey states “in Birmingham among the Victorian buildings so far spared from destruction by council and developer, Henman’s are highly regarded: those at Aston and Handsworth, steam cleaned to mark their centenary’s have emerged from their grime to

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 36 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern become distinctive landmarks once more. His own grave at Whitford near Chelmsford was in accordance with his instructions marked only by a plain oak cross on the understanding that such memorials in his view should last no longer than the weathering of the wood” (Tovey, 1982)

ORBITURARIES 1917

THE BUILDING NEWS 1917

“Mr Henman removed to Birmingham in 1879, and, entering the competitive arena again, had his designs accepted for the infirmary of the West Bromwich Union. The deceased gentleman was also a good domestic architect, and the erection of his house in Westfield Road Edgbaston, led to many commissions of this class of work in that district. He also did a good deal in the way of church restoration in various parts of the country, and also designed a number of school buildings and the Newcastle Free Library. His principal work, however as stated above, was the Birmingham Gen Hospital, the design of which was awarded the premier prize by Mr Alfred Waterhouse in a competition which attracted much notice professionally. Mr Henman was much esteemed among his brother architects and filled the office of president of the Birmingham Architectural Association from 1894 to 1897. He retired at about 1912, and the evening of his days was spent in the south of England.” (The Building News 3246, 1917)

Fig 29 Extract Obituary RIBA Journal Fig 30 Extract Obituary The Builder mentioning Malvern Hospital mentioning Malvern Hospital

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THE BUILDER MAY 4, 1917 PAGE 288

“The late Mr W Henman of W Henman and T Cooper of Birmingham was elected in 1882 as Associate and 1895 a Fellow, of the Royal Institute of British Architects and served as member of Council; he was Institute Medallist (drawings) 1868, and Pugin student, 1871. He was a member, Birmingham Architectural Association. In April 1898, he took into partnership Mr Thomas Cooper, a former pupil of, and then assistant to, Mr Alfred Waterhouse; the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent in March 1910, and Mr Henman continued to practice. He was the architect of – in Birmingham – {lists buildings attributed to him See Appendix II} “They won the second premium, Hendon Asylum, the central London sick Asylum district managers in the third premium, Park Hospital Hither Green Lewisham; they were one of the 12 “outside” architects invited to compete for the Bristol Royal infirmary extension, July, 1908 and gained the second premium. Mr W Henman was invited to compete for the new church in Sparkbrook, Birmingham and for the Newcastle upon Tyne Royal infirmary, which he won the fourth premium: He was one of the 12 finally nominated to compete the Manchester Royal Infirmary, 500 beds, in August 1903: he acted as assessor in many important competitions, including those that Erdington Municipal Offices and Free Library, Dental Hospital, Birmingham, and the new buildings the British Medical Association, Strand London. He was president of the Engineering And Architectural Section, Sanitary Institute Congress at Birmingham, 1898 and delivered addresses upon “Hospital Planning In Regard To Plenum Ventilation” and “Modern Sanitation” (reported in The Builder October 1, 1898. He was the author of papers upon “The Modern Hospital” (Carpenters Hall, London March 8, 1900) “The Development of Hospital Design, Illustrated By The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast” (Birmingham Architectural Association, November, 1902) “The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast: Its Inception, Design, And Equipment” conjointly with Mr Henry Lea C.E and “Notes On The Plenum System Of Ventilation” (Royal Institute of British Architects, December 14, 1903, and June 6, 1904) “Ventilation” (Architectural Association, November, 11, 1904): “The Future Of Our City” (Birmingham Architectural Association, February 17, 1905) – all of which were reported in The Builder: and he contributed articles upon “Building Bylaws” to the Architectural Review October – December 1904 and 12 “The Principle And Practice Of Modern House Construction” edited by Mr G Lister Sutcliffe, 1900: he was a member of Council, Building Bylaws Reform Association” (THE BUILDER , 1917 )

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JOURNAL of THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 1917

“………..his name was widely known in connection with Hospital planning and construction, of which he had made a special study”

“William Henman – at a recent general meeting of the Institute reference is made by Mr Guy Dawber, honorary. Secretary, to the death Mr William Henman, of Birmingham, and a resolution was passed expressing the Institute’s regret at his decease and con doling with his relatives. Mr Henman, who resigned his Fellowship in 1913, had had a long and creditable connection with the Institute. He carried off the Institute’s silver medal in 1868 for his drawings of the Church of St Thomas Winchelsea: was awarded the Pugin studentship in 1871: became an Associate in 1882, and a Fellow in 1895. When President of the Birmingham Architectural Association he represented that body on the Institute Council and took an active interest in its affairs. Articled to his father, Charles Henman, in 1866 he was afterwards Assistant in the office of Prof Hayter Lewis, and later, assisted Edmund Sharpe with his works on architecture. He started practice at Stockton on Tees in 1871 and removed to Birmingham in 1879. Among his early works were {Lists the Works See Appendix II} “………..his name was widely known in connection with Hospital planning and construction, of which he had made a special study”

He was architect of the [following named hospitals appear in his Orbituary]

New Gen Hospital, Birmingham ,The Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast ,The Guest Hospital, Dudley: [remodelling improvements], Stockton and Thornaby Hospital, Hospital, Lansdowne Crescent, Great Malvern, Darlington Hospital extensions.

He was the architect, with his brother, Mr Charles Henman, the Metropolitan asylums board, of the homes for convalescent children, East Cliff Margate: Highwood School, Brentwood, Elm Grove, Peckham and isolation block, St Anne’s home. They won the second premium, Hendon Asylum, the central London sick Asylum district managers, and the third premium, Park Hospital, Hither Green: second premium, Bristol Royal Infirmary extension. Besides his Hospital work he had a good general practice. In Birmingham he was the architect of:- [lists works ] See Appendix Chronology of Hospital Buildings, Appendix List of Works, Appendix Listed Henman Buildings]

His contributions to the Institute transactions include the following papers “Hospitals” (Journal, 26 April, 1894): “The Construction Of Hospitals” (Journal, 6 May, 1897): “Building Bylaws And Their Administration” (Journal, 24th of December, 1898): “Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast: Its Institution, Design And Equipment” (Journal, 19th December, 1903) (JOURNAL of THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 1917, 1917)

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4.2 William Henman FRIBA Innovation and Patents

William Henman as well as being an architect was an innovator and inventor he patented many designs for building improvements from ‘ the hanging of window sashes, hopper barges, improvements in sanitary traps,’ Three closely related inventions concerning introduction of expanded metal armatures for strengthening concrete were ‘improvements in expanding metal skeletons for strengthening of cement partitions, improvements to reinforced girders, beams, columns, railway sleepers and the like’, Henman’s invention avoided the need for a built up frame joined with bolts or rivets. His skeleton girders made of thin mild steel were shaped in V section for strength (Henman made use of these girders himself in the design of his Malvern Hospital in 1910) ‘improvements in metal reinforced plaster all concrete structures, improvements in or relating to the hearths of fireplaces’. (Tovey, 1982)

Fig 31 Ward Interior The Royal Victoria Hospital showing clerestory lights and ventilation inlets Source: Aston University Courtesy JF Tovey

“The alternative solution that normal wards could be placed side by side without need for open windows by utilising plenum ventilation, this reducing corridor communication providing the patient’s needs more efficiently.” “Henman’s ideas were noted two years later by members of the hospital building committee in Belfast whose experience of fan assisted ventilation encountered in the construction of large oceangoing vessels, convince them of the practical advantages, and Henman was invited to Belfast to demonstrate its feasibility. The hospital resulted in 1903 takes its place as a pioneer building, not only in the sphere of hospitals sign possibly as the inception of the first fully air-conditioned device in the world (Tovey, 1982)

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VENTILATION AND INVENTION

The author JF TOVEY says about plenum ventilation

“Plenum ventilation required the minimum possible of a trunking to achieve its optimum results. Henman’s compact design at Belfast Royal Victoria Hospital in 1903 was the outcome, and also the achievement by which his reputation as a pioneer in the sphere design for environmental control must rest” (Tovey, 1982)P94

When referring to the Birmingham General Hospital the author JF TOVEY says

“An important feature of a new hospital that had not been foreseen in the original design or specification was the method of heating and ventilating that was eventually adopted. This proved to be a significant, and later, a controversial factor, in establishing the reputation of the Birmingham Gen Hospital is one of the pioneer buildings contributing to the development of plenum ventilation in hospital design.… That Henman was able to accept the challenge to his ingenuity was due to his interest and experience in the engineering and sanitary aspects of his profession. This can be seen in the five patented applications he had ordered taken out between 1876 and 1893, and five more were to follow before 1911” (Tovey, 1982)P110

REINFORCED CONCRETE

“One patent registered by Henman in 1901, and three others in 1906 reflect the increasing interest in reinforced concrete in building construction which stemmed from Francois Hennebiques original patent for a concrete beam in 1892. Hennebiques demonstrated its value in structural engineering by the construction of a concrete bridge of three arches in 1895 .it was introduced into Britain by LG Mouchels concrete work in Liverpool and at the new dock works for the London and South Eastern Railway at Southampton in 1897

“the three closely related inventions concerning the introduction of expanded metal armatures for strengthening concrete were registered during 1906 by William Henman

1. 2nd of February. Number 2569.improvements in expanded metal skeletons for strengthening plaster or cement partitions skeleton frames, very lightweight girders of the ladder like form, were made from strips of mild steel, each strip having been cut with slips sloping diagonally so that when opened it formed a ladder shaped girder. These were placed vertically at suitable distances apart and secured at right angles by similar strips. This lattice structure was sufficiently light for the strengthening of internal walls and partitions.

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2. 17th of March number 6483 improvements to reinforced girders, beams, columns, railway sleepers and the like

The object of this was to provide a reinforcement of considerable strength combined with economy of space at moderate cost. Henman’s invention avoided the need for a build-up frame joined with bolts or rivets. His skeleton girders made of thin mild steel were shaped in V section for strength. Several variations of girder sections and formations are illustrated in the specification to indicate the wide variety of constructional situations in which they could be used. Henman made use of these girders himself in the design of his Malvern hospital in 1910” (Tovey, 1982) P167

Fig 32 1909 Malvern Hosp Source : WRO BUILDING LINES (Series 9196) Parcel 269 vii

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4.3 Understanding- The Architecture 1909 Malvern Hospital Design

These are photos of Henmans original drawings and plans. More plans are in the Worcester County Record Office and in frames on the walls in the ‘new’ Malvern Community Hospital

Fig 33 1909 Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES Source: WRO (Series 9196) Parcel 269 vii

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Fig 34 1909 Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES Lower Ground Floor Source: WRO BUILDING LINES (Series 9196) Parcel 269 vii

Fig 35 1909 Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES Ground Floor Source: WRO BUILDING LINES (Series 9196) Parcel 269 vii

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Fig 36 1909 First Floor & Roof plan Malvern Hosp BUILDING LINES Source: WRO (Series 9196) Parcel 269 vii

THE BUILDER 1911 JUNE 9 TH

Author JF Tovey describes Henmans Malvern Hospital referencing The Builder 1911:

“Opened on 29th of May, 1911, Henman’s design for an entirely new hospital incorporated several of his own inventions. It was designed to replace the original cottage Hospital Newtown, a converted house deemed out of date. The Worcester sauce partner, C.W.Perrins provided funds and an ideal site, overlooking Manor Park and commanding views of the Malvern Hills and surrounding country. As the site was steeply sloping, it was possible to have two ground floors, so the low one accommodated the hospital kitchens storerooms and general offices while the floor above, still at ground level when approaching the rear elevation contained Wards sufficient for 24 patients including the small ward for children. The wards were provided with balconies overlooking the park. Although it was a small hospital, its equipment, following the advice of Henman fresh from his work at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, was very advanced, and included a well lit operating theatre and the most recent x-ray equipment. A special feature of the building was that it had been designed to be fireproof: no timber or combustible material being incorporated in floor or roof construction. Henman used concrete beams reinforced by metal skeletons designed and patented by himself (pat.6483 dated 30th of August 1906) the roof was supported by

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 45 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern steel principles, the sloping surfaces covered with slate’s fastened direct to the reinforced concrete. The brick walls were faced with Cradley stone and Bath’s stone dressings. The floors throughout were terrazzo Paving. In the thin partition walls, expanded metal skeletons for strengthening the cement plaster was used. These metal ladder strips also designed and patented by Henman (pat.2569 20th of September, 1906) and supplied by the Metal Ladder Tape Company Limited of Birmingham. The balconies outside the wards were entirely of reinforced concrete. Heating was by hot water pipes throughout but in addition a special form of register fireplace also invented by the architect was included in each ward, the advantage being that when the register was closed it did not prevent the passage of air for the ventilation of the room. (Pat.9768, 22nd of April, 1911) (Tovey, 1982) (The Builder, 1911)

Fig 37 New Hospital for the Malverns The Builder June 9th 1911 Henmans expanded metal armatures for strengthening concrete were registered during 1906

1906 Patents number 2569.improvements in expanded metal skeletons for strengthening plaster or cement partitions number 6483 improvements to reinforced girders, beams, columns, railway sleepers and the like Henman made use of these girders himself in the design of his Malvern hospital in 1910” (Tovey, 1982)P167 (The Builder, 1911) New Hospital for the Malverns

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Fig 38 New Hospital for the Malverns The Builder June 9th 1911

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Article from BUILDER June 9th 1911

Fig 39 TRANSCIPT the Builder Article June 9, 1911 page number 721 Transcript The builder article June 9, 1911 page number 721 NEW HOSPITAL FOR THE MALVERN’S By the liberality of Mr CW Dyson Perrins a well-equipped, up-to-date hospital has been erected in Lansdowne Crescent, near Great Malvern railway station, and it was opened for occupation on Monday, the 20th, by Lady Beauchamp. Although the actual site on which the building stands is not a large one, it adjoins Manor Park, and there is ample space, which will remain un built on, around. Its commands magnificent views of the of the hills and open country; therefore, so far as fresh air, cheerful outlook, rest, and quiet in a conveniently arranged, substantially constructed, and thoroughly equipped building can assist the skill of physician or surgeon and administration of trained nurses, there is a good reason for believing that the gift of Mr Perrins will be the means of restoring to health and strength of many whose misfortune it may be to be incapacitated by illness, accident, or disease. Having regard to the increasing difficulty such institutions experience in securing necessary funds for annual upkeep, the accommodation has been limited to 24 patients beds, an operating and an outpatients department, all on the ground floor level, with kitchen, dining, and sitting rooms for matron and staff below and bedrooms above. There are separate large wards for men, women, and children respectively, as well as single bed wards. A special feature is the provision of balconies opening from each large ward, which it is hoped may be fully utilised for patient’s likely to benefit by outdoor treatment. The grounds are surrounded by substantial stonewalling of pleasing design, and have been tastefully laid out. The design of the building and its supervision during construction was en trusted to Mr William Henman, FR IBA, of Birmingham. The building throughout is fireproof, no timber or other combustible material being incorporating in floor or roof construction, reinforced concrete on “Sideolith” methods being extensively employed. Walls are faced externally with Cradley stone, having Bath stone dressings, backed by brickwork. Pleasing effects internally are secured by the use of wall and skirting tiles, glazed ware mantelpieces, and marble terrazzo paving to corridors and staircase, the principal doors and fittings being of polished teak. In a considerable number of thin partitions metal tape is used, as supplied by the Metal Ladder Tape Co, Ltd of Birmingham. The building contractors were Messrs J and A.Brazier, who, assisted by an able foreman and experienced artisans, have carried out the work in the most satisfactory manner.

“After the completion of the Belfast hospital, there were no immediate successors in the form of other hospitals embodying full plenum ventilation with its strong philosophical design approach. Henman himself had no further opportunities though his interest in hospital construction continued and three more designs were completed before his retirement in 1912. These however were small ones: Ramsey cottage Hospital [demolished], Douglas 1910 [demolished] and Malvern Cottage Hospitals 1911 The influence of the work at Belfast remained however and affected subsequent use of environmental engineering. The value of plenum for operating theatres and other specialist areas such as treatment rooms was acknowledged, and a gradual implementation in this direction was undertaken in large hospitals throughout the country:” (Tovey, 1982)

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EARLY C20 REINFORCED CONCRETE

Early C20 reinforced concrete was introduced into Britain by LG Mouchels concrete work in Liverpool and at the new dock works for the London and South Eastern Railway at Southampton in 1897. In 1902 a paper by H Cotterell C.E. “ Concrete With Interwoven Metallic Cores” was published in The Builder drawing the attention of architects to the Cottancin construction (The Builder 11th of January 1902.P.35) whereby steel rods, beginning at foundation level were embedded in the concrete and carried through walls and floors right up to roof level.

“These rods were interwoven at suitable intervals on a lattice plan which dissipated cross stresses within the construction. ( The Builder , 1902) That Henman entered very early into the field is shown by his specification number 5748 of 1901 which utilised expanded metal sheeting to reinforce cement facing. John Brodie, city engineer for Liverpool designed a block of tenement flats in 1904 consisting of prefabricated concrete slabs, each room being constructed in the form of a dovetailed box. Brodie also entered experimental concrete cottage in the Letchworth cheap cottages exhibition 1905 Henman specifications in 1906 all relate to the specialised lattice designs in metal to be enclosed in concrete and which were intended to be utilised on site. The main benefits to be gained lay in the reduction of weight, the supporting of curved forms in concrete and in resistance to fire, which was a problem he met frequently as a designer of hospitals and public buildings “Henman’s inventions, which made provision for lightweight metal mesh, were among several devices introduced to prevent the cracking of the concrete pillars and partitions” (Tovey, 1982) (Tovey, 1982)P163

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PATENT number 2569.improvements in expanded metal skeletons for strengthening plaster or cement partitions -skeleton frames, very lightweight girders of the ladder like form, were made from strips of mild steel, each strip having been cut with slips sloping diagonally so that when opened it formed a ladder shaped girder. These were placed vertically at suitable distances apart and secured at right angles by similar strips. This lattice structure was sufficiently light for the strengthening of internal walls and partitions.

PATENT number 6483 improvements to reinforced girders, beams, columns, railway sleepers and the like- the object of this was to provide a reinforcement of considerable strength combined with economy of space at moderate cost. Henman’s invention avoided the need for a build up frame joined with bolts or rivets. His skeleton girders made of thin mild steel were shaped in V section for strength. Several variations of girder sections and formations are illustrated in the specification to indicate the wide variety of constructional situations in which they could be used

“Henman made use of these girders himself in the design of his Malvern hospital in 1910” (Tovey, 1982)P167

Fig 40 Sideolith Skeleton reinforcement pg 144 Reinforced Concrete Theory and practise Source :Frederick Rings M.S.A 1910

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Fig 42 The Fan Chamber Source: Courtesy Aston Univ Author JF TOVEY

Fig 41 PATENT REG 2569 1906 Improvements in expanded Metal Skeletons For strengthening plaster or cemnt partitions Source: Courtesy Aston Univ Author JF TOVEY Fig 43 The Malvern Hospital Source: Courtesy Aston Univ Author JF TOVEY TRANSCRIPT Letter from Mr William Henman FRIBA and Thomas Cooper FRIBA of 19 Temple Street Birmingham to Malvern Urban District Council Date 22nd of September 1909, reference 493:9196/269 (Vii) Worcester Record Office Archive Dear Sir Malvern Hospital The mistake re-anti-damp course arose from the fact that it was originally intended to use up the slates from the old buildings but in order to save time Mr Perrins decided [unreadable)… the old building secured altogether and as the slates were in that way disposed of we substituted B.B? in cement. That is what we generally employ in our buildings and have done so for the last 25 years and more. Objection has been taken to it by District Surveyors but over and over again we have proved that it implies with the bylaws and we can point to a large number of buildings as proof that it is effective, whereas we have come across buildings which have had the[unreadable)… or altered and[unreadable)… bitumen sheeting perished – recent investigations in connection with reinforced concrete have demonstrated the impervious nature of Portland cement – steel encased so it does not rust. However having said so much we have no desire to go[unreadable)… to reasonable demands. Our object is to have thoroughly sound good work. Yours truly William Henman and Thomas Cooper

Fig 44 Letter From Henman to Malvern Urban District Council ref reinforced concrete Source: WRO 493:9196/269

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PHASING

1909-1911 - Malvern Hospital designed and personally overseen by William Henman FRIBA (The Builder, 1911) Built by Messrs J and A.Brazier, assisted by an able foreman and experienced artisans (The Builder, 1911)

There may have been other small alterations but property drill down is as follows:

1975 - 76/01578/CRO Day room to female ward. (MHDC, 2015)

1985- 85/00421/CRO Proposed extension to outpatients department. (MHDC, 2015)

1996 -96/01185/FUL All steel fire escape for administration staff. (MHDC, 2015)

2001- 01/00510/FUL Temporary building to rear of hospital (MHDC, 2015)

2006 -06/01589/FUL Temporary accommodation to rear of hospital (MHDC, 2015)

2010 -10/01545/FUL The construction of a 2.4 metre high solid boundary fence for a temporary period of 3 years (MHDC, 2015)

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5. Background to Assessments of Significance

Significance: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic.

Definition of Significance 1) “The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset's physical presence, but also from its setting." Annex 2: Glossary, National Planning Policy Framework, Department of Communities and Local Government, 2012 2) “The sum of the cultural and natural heritage values of a place, often set out in a statement of significance.” p72 Conservation Principles, English Heritage, 2008

‘The English Heritage guidance Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance: Historic England (E H) 2008 on assessing significance sets out the following four areas for consideration:

• Evidential value: the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity

• Historical value: the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present – it tends to be illustrative or associative

• Aesthetic value: the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place

• Communal value: the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory (English Heritage, 2008)

An Assessment of Significance The following questions may be considered: • How does the building contribute to the historic character of the area? • Is it one of its kind? Is it part of group of buildings of similar style and age? Is it one of a pair of semi-detached, or part of a terrace in which the single house forms a unit within a larger entity? • Are there any distinctive architectural features? • How does the setting contribute to the character and appearance of the asset?

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5.1 Assessment of Significance The Malvern Community Hospital

The purpose of establishing the importance of a site is to identify and assess the attributes which make a building of value to our society. Once the heritage significance of the building is understood, informed policy decisions can be made which will enable that significance to be retained, revealed, or enhanced, as part of any future use of the site.

The limitations were that it was not possible to gain access to the true perimeter of the Old Malvern Hospital due to fencing or to carry out an internal inspection so this Heritage statement and assessment of significance is mostly desk based. We would advise that an in depth assessment of significance internally and a Level 2 Building Recording should be carried out having gained access by accredited Architectural Historians IHBC members or CIFA members before any original fabric is removed. It is understood that more research will have to be undertaken in the future to understand all aspects of the buildings and clarify matters where the present report could not find definite answers in the short time frame and limitations. The level of information contained within this report is considered to be sufficient and appropriate for the present purpose, which is to give extra support and advice for the Planning Authority and District Councillors to make an informed decision on whether to retain the building or demolish. It is recommended further inspections to private areas are given the same

Fig 45 The Malvern Hospital 2009 Fig 46 Wm Henman 1912

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5. 1.1 Historical Value-

 Historical association with local benefactor CW Dyson Perrins of national Worcester Sauce and Worcester Porcelain fame of Davenham House Malvern. He financed the building of a new Hospital on the land he owned at Lansdowne Crescent in 1909 Careful investigation had to convince him that a cause fully deserved support, but when convinced, he gave very generously locally. The Malvern Library 1903, Dyson Perrins High School, Malvern 1950s, The Royal Grammar School, Worcester. Further afield- Winchester Cathedral, Magdalen College Oxford, were all given help with projects in his lifetime including this Malvern Hospital.

 Historical Association with Architect William Henman FRIBA; in Birmingham among the Victorian buildings so far spared from destruction by council and developer, Henman’s are highly regarded. Henman is recognised as having influence on modern Hospital design and is most noted for his Hospitals in Birmingham [now the Children’s Hospital] and Belfast where he used new and innovative construction techniques for the time. “his name was widely known in connection with Hospital planning and construction, of which he had made a special study” (JOURNAL of THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 1917, 1917)

 William Henman FRIBA himself oversaw with scrutiny the building of the Malvern Hospital. He was also present at the opening where he presented Countess Beauchamp with a silver gilt key.

 WW1 and WW2 -The Malvern Hospital has an historical association with WW1 being only recently constructed and “during the great War of 1914-1919 the building was established and maintained as a hospital for British sick and wounded; the army council in the name of the nation thank those who have rendered to it this valuable and patriotic assistance in the hour of its emergency…….” Reference: A Framed certificate on wall of ‘new’ hospital in Worcester Road. WW2 the Hospital was used as a First Aid Post.

 Historical association with Patrons Lord Coventry, Countess Beauchamp, Lord Beauchamp, Sir Henry Foley Grey [President 1911] and C.W. Dyson Perrins [Chairman 1911 later President 1917-48]. Mr A.H. Weller [Secretary]Executive Committees and Subscribers 1911-1948

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5.1.2 Evidential/Architectural Value

 This potentially unique Cottage Hospital still retains its evidential and architectural value and has changed little since it was built by noteworthy, pioneering Hospital Architect William Henman FRIBA. The original 1911 building remains much the same today apart from some small temporary extensions [that could be enhanced or removed]. Tiles, teak doors and terrazzo flooring are assumed to remain but the water fountain and plaques were removed to the new hospital for safe keeping but could be reinstated. A leading-edge technology is concealed within the building's attractive Edwardian skin. The following photos attempt to reveal that much of the original façade is still there by making comparisons with archive photos.

Fig 47 Porch 1911 Fig 48 2009 [1911]Porch with Lift shaft Source: Malvern Gazette 1911 behind that could be removed Source: Google Street View 09 A REAR view [ C1920 Photo of a photo] from Brian Iles Collection Manor Park Tennis Club below the Hospital [Note no big trees.]

Fig 49 REAR view C1920 Photo of photo Manor Park Tennis Club below the Hospital. Source: Brian Iles Collection

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2014 A REAR view from the Manor Park Tennis Club 2014 in Winter when the overgrown trees are not hiding the façade. This shows how Henman intended the building overlooking the Manor park and not screened. Most elevations have little changed since the 1920s [see photograph fig49]

Fig 50 A REAR view Hospital from the Manor Park Tennis Club 2014 in Winter

Fig 51 FRONT Elevation from Lansdowne Crescent Garden 2009

Fig 52 FRONT Elevation from Lansdowne Crescent Garden Annual Report 1911

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Single/two storey flat roofed c1980/2000s extensions to the rear have been placed in front of some of the lower ground floor that could be removed to reveal the façade as intended. Upper levels and gables/chimneys are still visible and original. [See 2014 from the Manor Park Tennis Club 2014 fig 50]One balcony remains [Left] but sadly the balustrades and columns have gone. These earlier REAR photos show documentary photographic evidence on how the balconies once appeared

Fig 53 Photos Rear of Hospital Courtesy Aston University Author JF Tovey

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INTERNAL

The limitations were that it was not possible to gain access to the Old Malvern Hospital due to perimeter fencing or access to carry out an internal inspection so this Heritage Statement and Assessment of Significance is mostly desk based. We would advise that an in depth Assessment of Significance is carried out internally. These photographs were taken in 2010 just before the hospital relocated. Note the green tile work and teak doors. The fountain was removed for safe keeping to the ‘new’ hospital in February 2011

Fig 54 Interior of Hospital 2010 Source: Private collection

Fountain NEW Location: First floor, Malvern Community Hospital, 185 Worcester Road

Description: a wall-mounted basin and spout with two cups and chains, now dry

Grid ref: 78116 47439

Originally installed in Malvern's second cottage hospital in 1911, It was just beside the entrance hall within the Community Hospital it was moved to new location for safe keeping in February 2011. The porcelain basin, which was made at Morrison & Ingram's Hygeia works in Manchester and the green tiles made at the Minton China Works in Stoke on Trent. (Cora Weaver, 2012)

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5.1.3 Setting/Group Value

 Great Malvern is in a Conservation Area and the town is surrounded by an Area of outstanding Natural Beauty [AONB] Conservation areas are ‘any areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’. Conservation area designation encourages authorities to implement conservation policies over these sensitive areas. In a conservation area, the main emphasis is on external appearance. Surface materials (walls and roofs) and the details of windows, doors, and roof-lights are all extremely important.  “Henman was never satisfied with designing a mere building: the interior decoration, furnishings, designer stained glass and other detailing all received his creative scrutiny.” (Tovey, 1982) This would certainly appear to be the case in Malvern and for his cottage hospital design. “Rock faced Cradley stone, Tudor-style. Tall gabled centre with green slate roofs and chamfered chimneys, lower ward blocks either side. Angled porch, with nice green Art Nouveau tiling inside” (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) These aesthetic design elements carefully suggests Henman was following the styles he saw in Malvern at the time. Many Villas used Cradley rock faced stone in the late C19 early C20 Villas that we still see today around Avenue Road and nearby, for example ‘Summerside’ corner of Albert Road North c1884

 The Wesleyan Methodist Church Lansdowne Crescent 1865-6 also “rock faced…with battlements and pinnicles, tall iron pillars inside with floral stained glass in the E window” (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) must also have been a consideration when William Henman thought of the design for the new Hospital. From a distance the hospital with its green slates with the Church opposite blend and mirror each other fitting neatly into the landscape. They are important focal points from above from Worcester Road and higher from the Malvern Hills AONB as seen in these photos 2014/2015 from Worcester Road below and from the street and from the Hills[ Fig 55/56 ]. Both buildings are assets in the setting of the Great Malvern Conservation Area and make a positive contribution. It is Rock Davidsons opinion that any new build schemes on this site would harm the setting of the Conservation Area and would be very visible from the AONB

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The Setting from above on Worcester Road and from the AONB

Fig 55 The site and Setting from Worcester Road Source: RDA Attractive Edwardian building, which sensitively contextualises with neighbouring buildings. As an integral part of Malvern's distinctive historic environment

Fig 56 The site and Setting from the Hills AONB Source:RDA

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The Setting Front and Rear Elevations from Lansdowne Crescent and from Manor Park

2014 above with Boarding now obscuring the Façade and Lift Shaft block [left] Original walling with Portland stone decorative cappings. Fenestration of original period and not of different styles 2014 apart from windows in the lobby by the lift shaft 2014 below A view from the Manor Park Tennis Club 2014 in Winter when the overgrown trees are not hiding the façade. This shows how Henman intended the building’over looking the park and not screened.

Fig 57 The Setting Front and Rear Elevations from Lansdowne Crescent and from Manor Park Source: Malvern Civic Society HER Survey 2014

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The Setting from Barnards Green Road Entrance

2015 Barnards Green Road Entrance 2009 Barnards Green Road Entrance

Fig 58 The Setting from Barnards Green Road Entrance 2009-2015

 The hospital is by an innovative and celebrated Architect a Fellow of RIBA and President of the Birmingham Architectural Association. It represents an important period in architecture echoing Malverns Gothic architecture in an Edwardian early C20 style contextualising with neighbouring buildings in the Great Malvern CA. Materials are sensitively used containing detail, decoration, materials and craftsmanship that are considered to be important elements in the design; Cradley stone, green slates, bath stone dressings, Portland Stone. The later 1980/00s additions do spoil Henmans original design layout but these are subsidiary and reversible and could be taken away or enhanced. The majority of the original building remains. With an AABC Architect to re-order the building the lift shaft block/fire escape could be more sympathetically incorporated into Henmans original 1911 design or removed. The rear flat roofed extensions removed.

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The Setting from Lansdown Terrace Gardens overtime

Source: Malvern Hospital 1911 Annual Report

Source : Google Street View 2009

Source: Malvern Civic Society HER Survey Fig 59 From Lansdowne Terrace Gardens overtime 1911-2014

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 64 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

5.1.4 Communal Value

 475 people have signed a petition on Change.Org.to retain the Hospital building. Another petition has been signed by a History Group, many more oppose demolition and favour a re-use. This support shows how this building has value to its community not only for its past use but its architectural community value, a building to retain and cherish. https://www.change.org/p/malvern-hill-district-council-prevent-demolition-of-the-historic-building- formally-known-as-malvern-community- hospital?recruiter=11394541&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=facebook&utm_campaign=aut opublish&utm_term=mob-xs-share_petition-reason_msg&fb_ref=Default

A few Quotes

‘Too many buildings are being knocked down rather than being restored - preserve our history!’

‘As someone who grew up in Malvern I remember that building being essentially a part of Malvern's identity. Demolishing it will in no way improve the town’

‘This is a significant building in Malvern's heritage and as such, should be preserved . Furthermore, many people of today, hold dear their final memories of loved-ones inside this hospital. It should be treated with respect - to demolish it is utterly brutal. I urge Malvern Hills District Council to exercise compassion as well as vision.’

‘Took my parents there many times for treatment. It is a beautiful building that should be preserved’

‘This is an iconic Malvern building and should be preserved as part of Malvern's heritage’

This is a late work by the architect William Henman, FRIBA (1846-1917), designer of Birmingham General Hospital and formerly President of the Birmingham Architectural Association. It has architectural, historical and technological interest, employing reinforced concrete on the 'Sideolith' system (in which the reinforcement consists of a special skeleton, split and' expanded from bars or bands into girder-like forms), and employing metal tape in the thin, non-combustible partitions (supplied by the Metal Ladder Tape Co, Ltd of Birmingham). Such leading-edge technology is concealed within the building's attractive Edwardian skin, which sensitively contextualises with neighbouring buildings. As an integral part of Malvern's distinctive historic environment it should be sensitively re-used and cherished by the community and visitors alike. Jonathan Clarke London

Author of 'Early Structural Steel in London Buildings ‘Pubished English Heritage 2013

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 65 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

 WW1-The Malvern Community Hospital has strong communal associations with all who cared for the sick and wounded there in WW1, The hospital having been established and maintained as a hospital for British Sick and Wounded 1914-1919.

A framed certificate says;

“During the Great War of 1914-1919 this building was established and maintained as a hospital for British Sick and Wounded; the army council in the name of the nation thank those who have rendered to it this valuable and patriotic assistance in the hour of its emergency ………….deep appreciation of the wholehearted attention which the staff of this hospital gave to the patients who were under their care;….the nation will remember with pride and gratitude their willing and inestimable service”

 WW2- The Hospital was also Malvern's First Aid Post. Established initially in the basement of Malvern Hospital before moving later in the war to Hampden Road, Malvern Link. This was a permanently manned and equipped first aid facility for dealing with expected blitz casualties  Malvern Hospital Committee [before the NHS] The hospital staff, doctors/nurses and their patients during the years 1911-2011, one hundred years of communal value.

“ A Legacy was left by Mrs Kate Perrins to endow this bed in memory of her husband Mr Will D. Perrins who was chairman of the hospital committee from 1911 to 1930”

“In Memory of Mrs piper of the Hollies the X Ray Apparatus was given to this hospital by her pupils and friends”

Fig 60 Commemorative Opening Plaque Source: RDA

 The Friends of Malvern Hospital Established when NHS took over the building in 1948 Charity number 508876 still has subscribers/members today

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 66 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

5.1.5 Significance Checklist -Assets in Conservation Areas

CHECKLIST

 Is it the work of a particular architect or designer of regional or local note? YES

 Does it have landmark quality? YES

 Does it reflect a substantial number of other elements in the conservation area YES in age, style, materials, form or other characteristics?

 Does it relate to adjacent designated heritage assets in age, materials or in any YES other historically significant way?

 Does it contribute positively to the setting of adjacent designated heritage YES assets?

 Does it contribute to the quality of recognisable spaces including exteriors or NO open spaces within a complex of public buildings?

 Is it associated with a designed landscape, e.g. a significant wall, terracing or a NO garden building?

 Does it individually, or as part of a group, illustrate the development of the YES settlement in which it stands?

 Does it have significant historic association with features such as the historic NO road layout, burgage plots, a town park or a landscape feature?

 Does it have historic associations with local people or past events? YES

 Does it reflect the traditional functional character or former uses in the area? NO

 Does its use contribute to the character or appearance of the area? YES

[EH Conservation_Areas HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ADVICE NOTE 1 From Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management Consultation [draft]

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 67 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

6. Statement of Significance Malvern Community Hospital

The Malvern Hospital building of 1911 has an important place in the local history of Malvern but also an important place in its associations locally and nationally with Malvern’s Benefactor Mr CW Dyson Perrins who gifted this hospital to the town and its associations with the architect William Henman FRIBA. C.W. Dyson Perrins is a nationally recognised figure with his family connection with Lea and Perrins Worcestershire Sauce and Worcester Porcelain fame. Dyson Perrins commissioned the best hospital architect of the times for the 1911 Hospital. William Henman is regarded as a pioneer architect working within the contemporary surge of scientific development which led eventually to new constructional methods. Henman after his recent success with his pioneer hospital designs in Birmingham and Belfast used some of his patented ideas, right here in Malvern in designing this cottage Hospital. In the early C20 “the deployment of mechanical services such as heating, lighting, lifts and air conditioning made possible new forms of buildings and gave rise to the modern movement in architecture” (Tovey, 1982)p6 “This led eventually to his [Henman] employment of the plenum system of ventilation and heating, as a result of which he was able to devise a new and more compact arrangement of the wards within a hospital layout to comply with the advantages offered by advances in environmental control” (Tovey, 1982)p25

Rock Davidson Associates believe this building is potentially very important historically and architecturally in the history of the design of hospitals [See 5.1.1], For instance Henman’s Hospitals are forerunners for the contemporary use of air conditioning for ventilation. He also used pioneering techniques using early prefabricated, fireproofing concrete techniques in building construction ,reinforced concrete on the 'Sideolith' system (in which the reinforcement consists of a special skeleton, split and expanded from bars or bands into girder-like forms), and employed metal tape in the thin, non-combustible partitions (supplied by the Metal Ladder Tape Co, Ltd of Birmingham). Such leading-edge technology is concealed within this building's attractive Edwardian skin. Henman’s patented invention avoided the need for a build up frame joined with bolts or rivets. His skeleton girders made of thin mild steel were shaped in V section for strength. Henman made use of these girders himself in the design of his Malvern hospital in 1911 (Tovey, 1982)p167 [See Section 4.2] William Henman who was often commissioned by Dyson Perrins is now nationally becoming more recognised as an important Architect and was responsible for many attractive late Victorian/Edwardian municipal buildings notably in the Midlands where many now have been put forward for national listing as recently as 2012. Currently there are 12 Henman buildings that are on the National Heritage List for England. [See Appendix IV] His innovative ‘cottage’ hospital designs are not so recognised and many have been lost/demolished [See Appendix I] whereas the Malvern Hospital remains intact along with one of his earlier

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 68 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern hospital designs [unlisted] in Redditch, also in Worcestershire. There are a few ‘attributed’ William Henman buildings in Malvern, including ones for Malvern College. Significantly the Lea and Perrins factory in Worcester that he designed, also unlisted, survives. The Old Hospital in Malvern is therefore an important local and potentially nationally important building. The Edwardian building enhances the Great Malvern Conservation Area and is viewed as an important architectural and aesthetic element in the street scene The original 1911 building remains[see 5.1.2] much the same today apart from some small 1980/00s [some temporary] extensions at the rear and a lift shaft block on the front spoiling the original facade [these could be enhanced or removed]The Hospital can be viewed from afar on Worcester Road and the AONB Malvern Hills.[see 5.1.3] It has high importance to the community locally and further afield[see 5.1.4] with many memories and was used during WW1 to care for British sick and wounded and continued to be a much loved facility until its closure in 2010 when a more up to date hospital facility was needed and built nearby. To quote one objector “Many hold dear their final memories of loved-ones inside this hospital. It should be treated with respect”

7. Recommendations

REFUSAL of planning application 15/01085/FUL or 15/01086 /FUL to demolish.

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 69 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

7.1 Reasons for Recommendations

Rock Davidson Associates recommend retention of the building that we believe in our professional judgment enhances the character of the Great Malvern Conservation Area and is a building of architectural importance by a noteworthy hospital Architect. It has community value, architectural value, and historical association. [See Section 3-6] We therefore recommend REFUSAL of planning application 15/01085/FUL and 15/01086/FUL to demolish. The Malvern Community Hospital site Lansdowne Crescent has an adopted Concept Statement Supplementary Planning Document adopted and dated August 2006 although revision for the buildings re-use may be advisable , demolition would be contrary to MHDC Policy QL8 Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas, its demolition would be ‘substantial harm’ NPPF 2012 Para 133 [See Section 2 ]

A poignant reminder perhaps for those who ultimately have to make the decision, Rosebank House in 1959, another building that was given to Malvern by C.W.Dyson Perrins in 1918[In 1918 Charles Dyson Perrins bought Rosebank for five thousand pounds and gifted the House and 3 ½ Acres of Gardens, and right of the road ‘The Old Drive’ through the Avenue of Trees known as The Grove to the town (Urban council)] was allowed to deteriorate in the 1950s and was demolished. This was before the rise of the conservation movement of the 1970s and today’s society has a greater awareness about ‘what matters’ and heritage. Rosebank House, although there was a valiant campaign to save it by Friends of Malvern that today is Malvern Civic Society, was subsequently demolished by MUDC in 1961, the remains of which were proposed to be disposed of in the pool in Priory Park. (Gazette, 1958) Rosebank House should have been saved and been used by the community as Dyson Perrins intended and today it probably would have recognised value, maintained and found a re-use.

The Old Community Hospital, also gifted to the town by C.W.Dyson Perrins, is a building and asset in a Conservation Area of which should offer it some protection. We understand it would not have to comply with all Energy Efficiency and Regulations [Certain classes of historic buildings are expressly exempted from the need to comply with the energy efficiency requirements of the Regulations where compliance would unacceptably alter their character and appearance. These are listed in Regulation 21(2),(c) and Regulation 21(3), and comprise buildings which are: BUILDINGS IN CONSERVATION AREAS] (English Heritage, 2011) (English Heritage, 2012) The hospital has original internal and external features that contribute to the significance and setting of the conservation area as a whole. Removing such features could therefore have an adverse impact on its overall character. A new use should be found and further upgrade and re ordering of the building could be sought by commissioning accredited [AABC] Architects and RICS Historic Building Surveyors who are used to redesigning interior spaces of Historic Buildings dating pre WW2. We advise that the building should be mothballed until a suitable re use can be found as it is too

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 70 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern important a building to allow being demolished and lost forever. We would advise that an in depth internal assessment of significance and building recording should be carried out by accredited Architectural Historians, Historic Building Consultants [IHBC members] or CIFA members before any original fabric is removed. We also advise that an independent Options Appraisal and Project viability and feasibility study is carried out by impartial accredited AABC Architects or Historic Building Consultants whose remit is to retain the building. The building may well suit alternatives rather than residential. For example, museum space; with Malvern’s rich history of water cure and radar, a Youth Hostel, a Wellness Complimentary Centre. All have been suggested. Ledbury Cottage Hospital nearby was successfully converted into Artists Studios.

As Historic Building Consultants with Conservation qualifications we would advise the following:-

When a re-use has been found any future repair work should be carried out in such a way that it meets the following objectives:

 Original building fabric should be treated with respect and should be retained, conserved and repaired wherever possible. Work should be carried out by experienced tradespeople, and supervised by a conservation accredited architect.  Work should be based upon thorough physical and historical understanding of the building, and undertaken with a thorough knowledge of traditional construction history and practice.  Work should be undertaken in accordance with BS 7913: British Standard Guide to the Principles of Conservation.  Work should be designed that it may be carried out safely and in accordance with the Construction Design Management Regulations.  Repair/restoration of missing elements should match the existing, and should contain an unobtrusive date mark. The original fabric should be recorded before any restoration work is carried out.  A traditional craft-based approach to repair, replacing decayed material on a like-for- like basis is preferred, although there may be occasions when it is more appropriate to use non-traditional methods if these allow more original fabric to remain undisturbed.

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Alterations

The design of any alterations should be carried out in such a way that it achieves the following objectives:  The significance of the existing structure, its fabric and its setting must be respected. The design should be innately attractive but should not intrude on its aesthetic or historical appreciation.  Interventions should be clearly identifiable as such, but also carefully designed to be sympathetic to the existing structure. Materials should be of good quality and long lasting, and should be selected after consideration for their environmental impact and sustainability.  Records should be kept of all works undertaken

“While historic buildings can teach us much about our country’s rich and complex past, breathing new life into the historic environment allows heritage assets to make a meaningful cultural and economic contribution in the present day and long in to the future. Regenerating a heritage asset opens up an area’s history and gives renewed purpose to a building. It provides a focal point for development and can be used to attract further inward investment – research shows that new jobs are created, new businesses are born and that spending in the wider area increases. And at a human level, sensitive reuse or adaptation increases feelings of community involvement and enriches an area’s image and reputation.”

Rachel Campbell Policy Officer, British Property Federation

Historic England Conservation Bulletin Issue 74 Summer 2015 https://content.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/conservation-bulletin-74/cb-74.pdf/

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Appendix I Chronological Table WILLIAM HENMAN ‘HOSPITAL DESIGNS’

This List compiled and researched by Rock Davidson Associates 2015

Dates Location of Published Material and Location 1871 North Ormesby Cottage Hospital Cleveland County Archives Closed 1981 1893-95 The Smallwood Hospital Redditch Ref The Architect 10/5/1893 Birmingham Gazette 27/5/1895 “ Former Smallwood hospital, Church green west , symmetrical brick the centre with carved stone gable and jacobethan porch with obelisk pinnicles,good iron weathervane. Nicely varied fenestration pg 533 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) http://www.redditchheritage.org.uk/hrs- page125.html This building is also of local significance for its associations with the Smallwood brothers, needle manufacturers and important local benefactors, who also founded the Smallwood Almhouses

Closed 1986 “Provision was made for 28 beds and space for enlargement – a characteristic feature of Henman’s approach to hospital planning. Ventilation of the wards was provided by “the introduction of warmed fresh air, discharged over the fireplace, on the Galton principle, into the centre of the ward, and the extraction of the vitiated air is provided by the adjustment of special openings over every window” (referenced the Needle District Almanac 1895 p 2] and record of the Smallwood hospital the Redditch Indicator, 16th and November, 1895) Like the opening ceremony for the Malvern hospital [1911] Henman liked to mark the occasion by handing over a key “the opening ceremony, described in the Birmingham daily Gazette 28th of May, 1895 reflects the pride of the needle town….Mr W Henman handed Lady Windsor a suitably inscribed key with which her ladyship opened the principal door of the hospital, Austin Chamberlain MP was present and Lord and Lady Windsor were met by a procession consisting of the town band etc etc” (Tovey, 1982)P 39 1892-97 The Birmingham General Hospital The Builder 19/3/1892 The Architect 29/1/1897 A competition was held for the design of a new general hospital in 1892, which was won by William Henman. It was built in the same style as the recently completed Victoria Law Courts built opposite. The hospital was opened by Queen Victoria’s daughter Princess Christian on 7th July 1897.The hospital continued to expand with extensions continually being added, and the older parts demolished, until the building became un- suitable for its purpose, a decision made in 1992 recommended the closure of the General and to

Now Birmingham Childrens Hospital Source:RDA use the building to re-site the Birmingham Children’s Hospital. Work started in May 1996, and with a £30m combination of refurbishment and new-build, some of the old General Hospital building was saved

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1897 The Guest Hospital Dudley Additions Dudley Almanac 1898-1901

1901-03 The Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast The Builder 21/12/1901 The Architect 10/5/1901 First building to be Air Conditioned, details concerning design and engineering features claimed were unique at Belfast Ref The Council of RIBA The hospital that resulted in 1903 takes its place as a pioneer building, not only in the sphere of hospital design but possibly as the inception of the first fully air conditioned device in the world http://archiseek.com/2009/1901-royal-victoria- (Banham, 1969) The hospital is currently infirmary-belfast/ undergoing a £74 million refurbishing. www.snipview.com Royal_Victoria_Hospital,_Belfast The Royal Victoria Hospital's design paid less attention to the usual requirements of hospital sites for access to sunshine and fresh air, and traditional pavilion-style hospital design was forsaken. Wards were placed compactly side-by- side, on one level, wall-to-wall, without intervening opening spaces. There were many long, communal wards with large windows at each end with clerestory windows also providing daylight. Balconies (small for the ward size) were placed at the end of long wards, and there were some accessible outdoor areas. The outdoor between 1903 and 1914"Royal Victoria Hospital in access, however, had no integral relationship to Belfast" by Source: National Library of Ireland the design of the hospital buildings; as the hospital grew, the exterior area available for patients diminished.

1904 Greenbank Hospital Darlington Darlington Health Council Archives Additions Greenbank Hospital which was built on the site of Alfred and Rachel's former home and became the town's maternity hospital.

Demolished 1905 Ramsey Cottage Hospital Isle of Man [demolished] 1907 Stockton and Thornaby Hospital The Builder 12/11/1907 Additions closed 1945

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1910 Nobles Hospital Isle of Man Manx Museum [demolished]

1911 Malvern Hospital Source: Aston Univ The Builder 9/6/1911 Malvern Advertiser 2/6/1911 A Henman Cottage Hospital Showing the façade facing the Manor Park with views from the balconies as Henman intended. [The subject of this Heritage Statement Report]

1911 Stratford –upon-Avon Hospital Records office Additions “the Stratford hospital was built in 1884, the gift to the town by the Bevington – Gibbins family….By 1910 however, considerable extensions and improvements were needed to meet growing demands on the institution. After William Henman had been consulted the scheme was approved which provided an entirely new block, two stories high, each containing five wards with bath and sanitary arrangements. Other work at the hospital consisted of the remodelling and refitting of sanitary annexes etc etc….The new block costing £2450 was officially Demolished Now site of new hospital opened on 18 October 1911. This was the last of the hospital commissions undertaken by Henman as he retired from practice in 1912 C1900 Additions to the Infirmary Henmans other minor works which he had Malvern College undertaken during his career included additions in the infirmary’s at Shrewsbury School and Malvern College” (at the foot of a handwritten list of hospital works by the architect. Possession of Derek Wortley, the grandson, in 1982) (Tovey, 1982)P 45 and P 46

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Appendix II List of known William Henman FRIBA Buildings c1917

From JOURNAL of THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 1917 OBITUARY William Henman FRIBA

[NB Some buildings may now not exist. This list dates from 1917]

The Bromwich Town Hall,

Handsworth Public Buildings and Free Library

Stockton Exchange Hall and Club

Aston Public Buildings and Free Library

The Sir William Gill Strap Library, Newark On Trent

Public Offices and Church Schools, Middlesbrough

Schools for the following boards: Ormesby, Norton, Leeds, Aberdare, Llanelli, Wednesbury, Aston

He was architect of the

New General Hospital, Birmingham

The Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast

The Guest Hospital, Dudley: remodelling improvements

Stockton and Thornaby Hospital

Hospital, Lansdowne Crescent, Great Malvern

Darlington Hospital extensions.

He was the architect, with his brother, Mr Charles Henman, the Metropolitan asylums board, of the homes for convalescent children, East Cliff Margate: Highwood School, Brentwood, Elm Grove, Peckham and isolation block, St Anne’s home. They won the second premium, Hendon Asylum, the central London sick Asylum district managers, and the third premium, Park Hospital, Hither Green: second premium, Bristol Royal Infirmary extension. Besides his Hospital work he had a good general practice. In Birmingham he was the architect of

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 76 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

The Nurses Home, The Central Exchange on the Christchurch site

Scottish Union National Insurance Companies Offices, Colmore Road

Midland Hotel, New Street

The Newark on Trent Public Library

Midland Counties Home Leamington Victoria Wing

West Bromwich Union Offices

Electric Light and Power Generating Station Handsworth

St Andrew’s Brine baths, Droitwich et cetera

(JOURNAL of THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 1917, 1917)

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Appendix III The Life and Architectural Works of William Henman FRIBA Tovey, JF 1982

This List is from the Thesis of JF Tovey MPhil in 1982, Courtesy of Aston University

This List dates from 1982

Dates A] In partnership with J.W. Alexander Location of Drawings or Published information 1871 North Ormesby Cottage Hospital Closed 1981. Documents at Cleveland (additions) County archivist, Middlesbrough 1871 Stockton Exchange Building BUILDING NEWS 6/12/1872 1875 The Builder 7/12/1872 1871 West Bromwich Town Hall Building News 27/10/1871 1875 1872 Denmark Street Board Schools Demolished 1975 documents at 1874 Middlesbrough Cleveland County archivists, Middlesbrough 1872 Norton Board School, Stockton Building News 2/5/1873 -1873 1873 St Johns C.E.School Middlesbrough The Builder 28/11/1874 -1874 1873 Brynmawr Board School, Llanelli The Builder 1/3/1873 1874 1873 Aberdare Board School, South Wales Building News 28/2/73 and 1875 16/7/1875 1876 Norton Church (Restoration) Building News 3/6/1876 1879 High Street Board School, Wednesbury The Builder 22/2/1879 The 1880 Wednesbury Herald, 13/11/1880 1879 St Johns Church, Stillington, Yorks The Builder 4/10/1879 Durham 1880 Advertiser 2/7/1880 B]from the commencement of Henmans separate Midlands practice Dates Locations of drawings or published information 1876 Handsworth Council Offices And Public The Building News 10/11/1876 The 1880 Library Builder 1/12/1877 1879 Aston Manor Council Offices And Public The Builder 4/10/1879 Building News 1880 Library 13/8/1880 1881 West Bromwich Infirmary The Builder 2/4/1881 The Architect 1884 18/10/1884 1880 Droitwich Brine baths The Builder 4/5/1917 1884 1882 The Gilstrap library, Newark On Trent The Builder 10/6/1882 Newark 1883 Adviser 12/8/1883 1884 Erdington Board School, Birmingham The Builder 10/5/1884

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1884 Royal Midland Home, Leamington Leamington Spa Courier 24/1/1885 1885 (additions) 1887 West Bromwich Union Offices The Builder 16/4/1887 1890 1893 The Smallwood Hospital, Redditch The Architect 10/5/1893 Birmingham 1895 Gazette 27/5/1895 1892 The Birmingham Gen Hospital The Builder 19/3/1892 The Architect 1897 29/1/1897 1901 The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast The Builder 21/12/1901 The Architect 1903 10/5/1901 1896 Handsworth Technical College The Builder 16/10/1897 1897 1897 The Guest Hospital Dudley (additions) Dudley Almanac 1898 – 1901 1898 Electric Light And Power Station, Descriptive Booklet Birmingham 1905 Handsworth Reference Library LS/34/7 1900 85 – 87, Cornwall Street, Birmingham 1902 Scottish Union Insurance Office, Birmingham Information Office, Birmingham Colmore Row 1904 Greenbank Hospital Darlington Darlington Health Council Archives (additions) 1905 Ramsey Cottage Hospital Isle Of Man Ramsey Admin.Committee Cumberland Road, I.O.M 1907 Stockton And Thornaby Hospital The Builder 12/11/1907 closed 1945 (additions) 1910 Nobles Hospital, Douglas, Isle Of Man Manx Museum, Douglas I.O.M 1912 1903 Midland Hotel (redesigned) The Builder 5/9/1903 1909 Malvern Hospital The Builder 9/6/1911 Malvern 1911 Gazette 2/6/1911 1911 Stratford-Upon-Avon Hospital additions Records office, Henley Street, Stratford

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Appendix IV List of Listed buildings by William Henman FRIBA

There are 12 buildings listed on the National Heritage List

Listed Buildings William Henman FRIBA GD Date Listed TOWN HALL, HIGH STREET, WEST BROMWICH, II 1987 Sandwell CHURCH HALL II 1983 UNITED REFORMED CHURCH OF ST PAUL, CROHAM PARK AVENUE CHURCH HALL, CROHAM PARK AVENUE, CROYDON, Croydon, Greater London Authority MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS COMPRISING THE CLOCK II 1973 TOWER, PUBLIC LIBRARY, AND CORN EXCHANGE, AND INCLUDING THE AREA BALUSTRADE WHICH INCORPORATES A WAR MEMORIAL AND A STATUE OF QUEEN VICTORIA, KATHARINE STREET, CROYDON, Croydon, Greater London Authority FORMER GILSTRAP LIBRARY, CASTLEGATE, II 1984 Newark, Newark and Sherwood, Nottinghamshire & 1992 PUBLIC LIBRARY, HANDSWORTH COUNCIL HOUSE II 1982 AND JOB PREPARATION UNIT, SOHO ROAD B21, HANDSWORTH, BIRMINGHAM, Birmingham BOUNDARY WALL AND GATEPIERS AT FORMER II 1984 GILSTRAP LIBRARY, CASTLEGATE, Newark, Newark and Sherwood, Nottinghamshire 85 AND 87, CORNWALL STREET B3, CITY CENTRE, II* 1970 BIRMINGHAM, Birmingham 110, COLMORE ROW B3, CITY CENTRE, II 1982 BIRMINGHAM, Birmingham CHURCH OF ST JAMES, ST JAMES ROAD, II* 1976 CROYDON, Croydon, Greater London Authority HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, WORCESTER ROAD, LINK II 2008 TOP, Malvern, Malvern Hills, Worcestershire 48, FARQUHAR ROAD, BIRMINGHAM, Birmingham II 2009 Aston Library, Aston Council Chamber, Witton Road II 2012 and Albert Road, Aston, Birmingham, Non Civil Parish, Birmingham

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Appendix V Other known W. Henman Malvern & Worcester Buildings

Compiled and researched by Rock Davidson Associates 2015

1896-7 Lea & Perrins Factory Worcester

“Brick 5+4+5 bays two storey above a basement, the centre with intermittently blocked round arched entrance flanked by paired Doric windows. Broad C17 style gable and clock turret rebuilt more or less in original form in 1966 after a fire. Within, offices and warehouses are set around a top glazed courtyard” (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007)pg 766

1896-7 Holy Trinity Church North Vestry and Nave William Henman added North Vestry and Dormers inserted Nave Dormers (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) C1900-05 Extensions to Davenham House Malvern "Davenham .... much extended in Home of the Perrins Family Source: RDA elaborate 15C Loire style for CWD by WH in 1900-02, and after a fire, in 1904-05 ..." (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) Henman added a long dining room wing[with broad canted bay window] SW, and further ranges, NW including the Octagonal room between the Billiard Room and top lit picture gallery….large apsed LODGE also by Henman [GDII Listed] with curved splendidly ornamental wrought iron gates almost Art Nouveau in style by the Bromsgrove Guild pg 470-71 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007)

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The Lodge LODGE also by Henman [GDII Listed] with curved splendidly ornamental wrought iron gates almost Art Nouveau in style by the Bromsgrove Guild pg 470-71 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007)

The Lodge at Davenham Source: RDA

GDII Listed 1908-9 Holy Trinity Church renewed most of fittings Henman renewed most fittings [oak Chancel Arch pews,pulpit and stalls altering the Chancel Arch (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) 1891 no 8 The Skilts Somers Road No 8 The Skilts by William Henman 1891 terracotta trim,canted bay with finial, big stone doorway pg 483 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007) 1904-5 Malvern College Source :RDA Flanking the south entrance, two brick buildings by Henman and Cooper 1904 – 5 the rackets court partly of 1881 have some close set timbering: the large gymnasium (now theatre) tudor with pyramid –roofed. N.angle towers incorporates a five's court and gabled South Lodge page 465 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007)

Source: RDA 1907-8 Malvern College Radnor House Radnor house altered by Elmslie in 1882 much enlarged by Henman and Cooper 1907 – 8 as the college house number 8 page477 (Pevsner, Brooks and, 2007)

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Droitwich Brine Baths c1906 “An unusual commission occurred in 1880 when John Corbett, the salt millionaire, of Château Impney Worcestershire became interested in the prospect of developing the small town of Droitwich as a Midlands spa. He financed the building of the St Andrews Brine baths designed by Henman as a focal point to the town. One large heated saline pool and nine Private bathrooms were accommodated in the single storey half timbered building to tone with the Tudor character of the town” (Tovey, 1982) P 23 Source: Postcard reference the builder obituary 4, May 1917 (THE BUILDER , 1917 )p.288

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE –‘There may be some domestic houses by Henman in Malvern’

Henman married in 1882 “and he chose a site in Edgbaston the Chad Valley End, Westfield Road to build a group of five private houses, substantial family residences of three stories, one of which, Hollington number 130 he occupied with his wife. These houses show that Henman’s ideas in domestic design were well in advance of his times. He eschewed the conventional narrow entrance hall and steep stairway in favour of shorter easier flights to rooms opening off half landings: he opened out windows in his designs to admit sunlight where ever possible, and incorporated structural cupboards and storage spaces. Basements were also utilised in an exciting manner” (Tovey, 1982)P184 “10 years later, land bordering Harborne Road to the rear of his house became available and he designed his second home ‘the cottage’ Yateley road in 1892. By this time Henman had absorbed many of the new ideas in domestic architecture and advances by Arts And Crafts designers. In 1890 the Congress of the National Association for the advancement of art had been centred at Birmingham, where addresses had been given by Ashby, BidLake and Aston Webb and other leading figures (The Architect’ 7 June 1890.p 327) in 1892 William Bidlake designed the Hurst Four Oaks, Sutton Coldfield (completed in 1893, demolished 1960) Henman’s cottage though smaller, shows several arts and crafts features. It blends closely into the sloping site, broad roofed, presenting a horizontal row of regular rectangular windows with an asymmetrically placed doorway giving the impression of domesticity rooted in the English past. By 1909, almost at the culmination of his career, Henman designed a third and larger house “Dingwall” in Farquhar Road, Edgbaston [now GD II Listed] a select residential district close to where Aston Webb and Inglis Bell had just completed the new university buildings of Birmingham (1900 – 1909) the tall brick walls and groups are semi-circular arched windows are reminiscent of a Norman Shaw facade. He occupied this house only three years prior to his retirement to live at Chelmsford in 1912. Henman applied his wide experience of

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 83 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern ventilation to the requirements of the dwelling house.” ……“he was the author of the “ventilation” section in the large two-volume work ‘Modern House Construction’ published by Blackie in 1899 and written by specialists in the various fields of construction. He experimented with the use of oil of peppermint to detect the direction of air currents within a house, and demonstrated the importance of the positioning of the fireplace in relation to the door of a room – including the side on which the door is hung. He provided his houses with suitably placed openings in the upper portion of the rooms as a means of gaining ventilation without drafts.” (Tovey, 1982) P186 P187

This house by Henman in Edgbaston Hollington number 130 Westfield Road 1982 Source: Courtesy Aston Univ Author J.F.Tovey This photo is from 1982 so this house may not still exist.

This house is by William Henman in Westfield Road Edgbaston [Part of a group of five private houses, substantial family residences of three stories, one of which, Hollington number 130 mentioned by the author JF Tovey, (Tovey, 1982) ]is very similar to ones found in Malvern. There may be unattributed houses in Malvern by William Henman that are not known as yet as he must have been recommended by C.W.Dyson Perrins and was frequently in Malvern. His later house mentioned by JF Tovey in 1982 48, FARQUHAR ROAD, BIRMINGHAM that he designed and lived in was GDII listed in 2009.

Rock Davidson Associates Historic Building Consultants 84 3rd Party Heritage Statement/Assessment of Significance ‘Old Community Hospital’ Malvern

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