A Comparative Analysis of Two Slug Test Methods in Puget Lowland Glacio-Fluvial Sediments Near Coupeville, WA
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Aquifer Test CONDUCTED on MAY 24, 2017 CONFINED QUATERNARY GLACIAL-FLUVIAL SAND AQUIFER
Analysis of the Cromwell, Minnesota Well 4 (593593) Aquifer Test CONDUCTED ON MAY 24, 2017 CONFINED QUATERNARY GLACIAL-FLUVIAL SAND AQUIFER TEST 2612, CROMWELL 4 (593593) MAY 24, 2017 Analysis of the Cromwell, Minnesota Well 4 (593593) Aquifer Test Conducted on May 24, 2017 Minnesota Department of Health, Source Water Protection Program PO Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 651-201-4700 [email protected] www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/swp To obtain this information in a different format, call: 651-201-4700. Upon request, this material will be made available in an alternative format such as large print, Braille or audio recording. Printed on recycled paper. 2 TEST 2612, CROMWELL 4 (593593) MAY 24, 2017 Contents Analysis of the Cromwell, Minnesota–Well 4 (593593) Aquifer Test............................................. 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Data Collection and Analysis ....................................................................................................... 7 Description .................................................................................................................................. 7 Purpose of Test ....................................................................................................................... 7 Well Inventory ......................................................................................................................... 7 -
Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas
Technical Report Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas by Robert E. Mace Rebecca C. Smyth Liying Xu Jinhuo Liang Robert E. Mace Principal Investigator prepared for Texas Water Development Board under TWDB Contract No. 99-483-279, Part 1 Bureau of Economic Geology Scott W. Tinker, Director The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78713-8924 March 2000 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 5 HYDROGEOLOGY....................................................................................................................... 5 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 13 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 14 DATA COMPILATION ...................................................................................................... 14 EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES FROM THE TEST DATA ................. 19 Estimating Transmissivity from Specific Capacity Data.......................................... 19 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ -
Slug Tests in Unconfined Aquifers
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-2016 Slug Tests in Unconfined Aquifers Rozkar Izzaddin Ismael Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Hydrology Commons Recommended Citation Ismael, Rozkar Izzaddin, "Slug Tests in Unconfined Aquifers" (2016). Master's Theses. 699. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/699 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SLUG TESTS IN UNCONFINED AQUIFERS by Rozkar Ismael A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Geosciences Western Michigan University April 2016 Thesis Committee: Duane R. Hampton, Ph.D., Chair Mohamed Sultan, Ph.D. Alan Kehew, Ph.D. SLUG TESTS IN UNCONFINED AQUIFERS Rozkar Ismael, M.S. Western Michigan University, 2016 This research presents a hydraulic conductivity (K) analysis of unconfined aquifers using slug tests. Slug tests are used to determine in situ aquifer hydraulic conductivity more quickly and economically than by a pump test. This study examines how to best conduct a slug test using a physical slug. Different common slug test analysis methods are compared, including Bouwer and Rice (1976), Hvorslev (1951), Dagan (1978) and Kansas Geological Survey (KGS, 1994). Questions that motivated this study include: Which methods are better for performing and analyzing slug tests? Does the size of the physical slug affect the results? Do large initial water level displacements produce better results than smaller displacements? Slug tests were performed at two sites: 1- Asylum Lake in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in a well 0.33 ft in diameter and 97 ft deep. -
Method 9100: Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Saturated Leachate
METHOD 9100 SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, SATURATED LEACHATE CONDUCTIVITY, AND INTRINSIC PERMEABILITY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Application: This section presents methods available to hydrogeologists and and geotechnical engineers for determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity of earth materials and conductivity of soil liners to leachate, as outlined by the Part 264 permitting rules for hazardous-waste disposal facilities. In addition, a general technique to determine intrinsic permeability is provided. A cross reference between the applicable part of the RCRA Guidance Documents and associated Part 264 Standards and these test methods is provided by Table A. 1.1.1 Part 264 Subpart F establishes standards for ground water quality monitoring and environmental performance. To demonstrate compliance with these standards, a permit applicant must have knowledge of certain aspects of the hydrogeology at the disposal facility, such as hydraulic conductivity, in order to determine the compliance point and monitoring well locations and in order to develop remedial action plans when necessary. 1.1.2 In this report, the laboratory and field methods that are considered the most appropriate to meeting the requirements of Part 264 are given in sufficient detail to provide an experienced hydrogeologist or geotechnical engineer with the methodology required to conduct the tests. Additional laboratory and field methods that may be applicable under certain conditions are included by providing references to standard texts and scientific journals. 1.1.3 Included in this report are descriptions of field methods considered appropriate for estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity by single well or borehole tests. The determination of hydraulic conductivity by pumping or injection tests is not included because the latter are considered appropriate for well field design purposes but may not be appropriate for economically evaluating hydraulic conductivity for the purposes set forth in Part 264 Subpart F. -
Slug Tests in Partially Penetrating Wells
WATERRESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 30,NO. 11,PAGES 2945-2957, NOVEMBER 1994 Slugtests in partially penetratingwells ZafarHyder, JamesJ. Butler, Jr., Carl D. McElwee, and Wenzhi Liu KansasGeological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence Abstract.A semianalyticalsolution is presentedto a mathematicalmodel describing theflow of groundwaterin responseto a slugtest in a confinedor unconfinedporous formation.The modelincorporates the effectsof partialpenetration, anisotropy, finite- radiuswell skins, and upper and lower boundariesof either a constant-heador an impermeableform. This modelis employedto investigatethe error that is introduced intohydraulic conductivity estimates through use of currentlyaccepted practices (i.e., Hvorslev,1951; Cooper et al., 1967)for the analysisof slug-testresponse data. The magnitudeof the error arisingin a varietyof commonlyfaced field configurationsis the basisfor practicalguidelines for the analysisof slug-testdata that can be utilizedby fieldpractitioners. Introduction that the parameter estimatesobtained using this approach must be viewed with considerableskepticism owing to an Theslug test is one of the mostcommonly used techniques error in the analytical solution upon which the model is by hydrogeologistsfor estimatinghydraulic conductivityin based. the field [Kruseman and de Ridder, 1989]. This technique, In terms of slug tests in unconfined aquifers, solutionsto whichis quite simple in practice, consistsof measuringthe the mathematicalmodel describingflow in responseto the recoveryof head in a well after a near instantaneouschange induced disturbance are difficult to obtain because of the in waterlevel at that well. Approachesfor the analysisof the nonlinear nature of the model in its most general form. recovery data collected during a slug test are based on Currently, most field practitioners use the technique of analyticalsolutions to mathematical models describingthe Bouwer and Rice [1976; Bouwer, 1989], which employs flow of groundwater to/from the test well. -
Hydrogeologic Characterization of Aquifers and Injection Capacity Estimation
Hydrogeologic characterization of aquifers and injection capacity estimation Main authors: Peter K. Kang (UMN ESCI), Anthony Runkel (MGS), Seonkyoo Yoon (UMN ESCI), Raghwendra N. Shandilya (KIST), Etienne Bresciani (KIST), and Seunghak Lee (KIST) Contents Introduction 2 Overview of four ASR study areas 4 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 4 Jordan aquifer, City of Woodbury 6 Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 10 Straight River Groundwater Management Area: Pineland Sands Aquifer 12 Methodology for InJection Capacity Estimation 19 Methodology Overview 19 Parameters estimation 21 Transmissivity 22 Allowable head change 23 Injection duration 25 Storativity 25 Well radius 25 Data sources 25 Application to aquifers in Minnesota 26 Transmissivity characterization 26 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 26 Transmissivity of Jordan aquifer, Woodbury, Washington County 28 1 Transmissivity of the Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 31 Allowable head change estimation 33 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 34 Jordan aquifer, Woodbury, Washington County 37 Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 40 Injection Duration, Storativity and Well Radius 44 Injection capacity 45 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 45 Jordan aquifer, Woodbury, Washington County 48 Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 50 Comparison of InJection Capacity 52 Identified Data Gaps 53 Groundwater Level Data 53 Aquifer Pumping Test Data 54 Future Directions 54 Incorporate Leakage factor in the Injection Capacity Estimation Framework 54 Recovery Efficiency of InJected Water 54 Conclusions 54 References 62 2 1 Introduction About 99% of global unfrozen freshwater is stored in groundwater systems, and groundwater is an essential freshwater resource both in the United States and across the globe. The availability of groundwater is particularly important where surface water options are scarce or inaccessible. -
Aquifer Test Procedures for Determining Hydrologic Properties
AquiferAquifer TestTest ProceduresProcedures forfor DeterminingDetermining HydrologicHydrologic PropertiesProperties Dr. Michael Strobel Deputy State Director EXHIBIT G– WATER RESOURCES Meeting Date: 03-22-06 USGS Nevada Water Science Center Document consists of 28 slides. Entire Exhibit Provided Purposes of Aquifer Tests • Measure the change, with time, in water levels as a result of withdrawals through wells • Determine the transmissivity and storage coefficient of the aquifer • Determine characteristics of confining layers • Determine well efficiency and optimum pumping rates • Determine boundary conditions (natural) and potential well interference Types of Aquifer Tests •Slug • Single-well • Multiple-wells – Time-Drawdown Analysis – Distance-Drawdown Analysis From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. Slug Test TIME • The rapid addition or removal of a known volume from a well stresses the aquifer. • The hydraulic conductivity (K) estimate is related to the rate of recovery with various corrections for well construction -
Aquifer Test Procedures
General Aquifer Test Procedures These guidelines accompany the Lower Platte South NRD’s Ground Water Rules and Regulations (Revised Effective Date: 1/1/2017) Section C: Water Well Permits. Typically, they will apply to Class 2 and 4 Permits but may apply to Class 1 Permits if required by the District, and Class 3 Permits if the proposed well is within 600 feet of a well with higher preference of use. For the purposes of LPSNRD’s Ground Water Rules and Regulations, an aquifer test may be required to estimate aquifer parameters in order to determine the effect of a permitted well on preexisting wells in the vicinity, and to demonstrate that an adequate ground water supply is present for the well to be permitted. Aquifer parameters such as transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, storativity/specific yield, etc. can generally be adequately estimated using a single well drawdown/recovery test (i.e. using drawdown and recovery observations in the production well) by constant-rate pumping, slug testing, or step-drawdown tests; numerous software programs are available for these estimates. If further refinements of these parameters are necessary, installation of one or more dedicated observation well(s) or utilization of appropriate nearby existing wells can be considered. General A licensed geologist or professional engineer must oversee the aquifer test and stamp the aquifer test report. When selecting a professional, confirm that he or she has previous experience designing, performing and analyzing aquifer tests. If an additional observation well is used, it should be close enough to the pumping well so that drawdown is observed in the observation well, but not directly next to the pumping well. -
Slug Test Characterization Results for Multi-Test/Depth Intervals Conducted During the Drilling of CERCLA Operable Unit OU ZP-1 Wells 299- W10-33 and 299-W11-48
PNNL-16945 Slug Test Characterization Results for Multi-Test/Depth Intervals Conducted During the Drilling of CERCLA Operable Unit OU ZP-1 Wells 299- W10-33 and 299-W11-48 D. R. Newcomer September 2007 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 LIMITED DISTRIBUTION NOTICE This document copy, since it is transmitted in advance of patent clearance, is made available in confidence solely for use in performance of work under contracts with the U.S. Department of Energy. This document is not to be published nor its contents otherwise disseminated or used for purposes other than specified above before patent approval for such release or use has been secured, upon request, from Intellectual Property Services, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352. PNNL-16945 Slug Test Characterization Results for Multi- Test/Depth Intervals Conducted During the Drilling of CERCLA Operable Unit OU ZP-1 Wells 299-W10-33 and 299-W11-48 D. R. Newcomer September 2007 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Summary Slug-test results obtained from single and multiple, stress-level slug tests conducted during drilling and borehole advancement provide detailed hydraulic conductivity information at two Hanford Site Operable Unit (OU) ZP-1 test well locations. The individual test/depth intervals were generally sited to provide hydraulic-property information within the upper ~10 m of the unconfined aquifer (i.e., Ringold Formation, Unit 5). These characterization results complement previous and ongoing drill-and-test characterization programs at surrounding 200-West and -East Area locations (see Figure S.1).(a) An analysis of the slug-test results indicates calculated average test-interval estimates of hydraulic conductivities ranging between 1.24 and 15.7 m/day. -
Slug) Test with a Mechanical Slug and Submersible Pressure Transducer
GWPD 17—Conducting an Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Test with a Mechanical Slug and Submersible Pressure Transducer VERSION: 2010.1 PURPOSE: To obtain data from which an estimate of hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer can be calculated. During a slug test the water level in a well is changed 5. Slug of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other relatively inert rapidly, and the rate of water-level response to that change is material (fig. 1). A slug of solid PVC (fig. 1C) is ideal measured. From these data, an estimate of hydraulic conduc- because PVC caps (fig. 1A) can catch the well casing tivity can be calculated using appropriate analytical methods during insertion, and PVC plugs (fig. 1B) can come loose (for example, Ferris and Knowles, 1963). during the rapid removal of the slug. A slug test requires a rapid (“instantaneous”) water-level change and measurement of the water-level response at high Select the largest diameter and length of slug that will frequency. A rapid change in water level can be induced in fit in the well without disturbing the transducer. The many ways, including injecting or withdrawing water, increas- slug should have a displacement that will provide an ing or decreasing air pressure in the well casing, or adding adequate change in water level. The slug should displace a mechanical device like a plastic rod to displace water. The enough water to provide a measurable change in water water-level changes can be measured with many methods, level, but not so large as to significantly increase the including steel tape, electric tape, air line, wireline/float, and saturated thickness of the aquifer, disturb the transducer, submersible pressure transducers. -
34816 Dewatering Calcs Tables
Table 1A: Dewatering Calculations for Installation of Underground Storage Tanks Facility Name: 7-Eleven Store No. 34816 Facility Address: 3701 Santa Barbara Blvd, Naples, Collier Co, FL 34104 FDEP ID: 11/9063983 aquifer thickness water table drop (b) in feet in feet H=total head of aquifer 50 13 H= 15.2 m h=total head of dewatered aquifer 37 h= 11.3 m K in ft/day K=hydraulic conductivity 6.97 Ro = Radius of Influence K= 2.46E-05 m/s Re = Equivalent Radius of Influence Ro in feet Ro + Re in Feet Ro=3000(H-h)sqrtK L in ft W in ft 193.4 217.8 Ro= 58.9 m 52 36 ab Re=radius of influence (equivalent) 15.8 11.0 Re= 7.4 m # well points q= 7.84335E-05 m^3 / sec 50 q= 1.2 gpm per well point Total pump rate 62 (gpm) 89,452 (gpd) NOTE: 1. Please see enclosed the Broward County Environmental Protection Department Exhibit III: Calculation Methods for Radius of Influence and Dewatering Flow Rate from Aquifer Test Data. 2. Aquifer values are from subject site assessment data. Table 1B: Dewatering Calculations for Installation of Fuel Dispenser Sumps, Product Piping, and Canopy Footers Facility Name: 7-Eleven Store No. 34816 Facility Address: 3701 Santa Barbara Blvd, Naples, Collier Co, FL 34104 FDEP ID: 11/9063983 aquifer thickness water table drop (b) in feet in feet H=total head of aquifer 50 3 H= 15.2 m h=total head of dewatered aquifer 47 h= 14.3 m K in ft/day K=hydraulic conductivity 6.97 Ro = Radius of Influence K= 2.46E-05 m/s Re = Equivalent Radius of Influence Ro in feet Ro + Re in Feet Ro=3000(H-h)sqrtK L in ft W in ft 44.6 81.3 Ro= 13.6 m 132 32 ab Re=radius of influence (equivalent) 40.2 9.8 Re= 11.2 m # well points q= 0.000212597 m^3 / sec 50 q= 3.4 gpm per well point Total pump rate 168 (gpm) 242,463 (gpd) NOTE: 1. -
Guidelines for Hydrogeologic Reports and Aquifer Testing
Guidelines for Hydrogeologic Reports and Aquifer Testing Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District Hays, Caldwell, and Travis Counties, Texas Board Adopted - May 12, 2016 BSEACD Guidelines for Hydrogeologic Reports and Aquifer Testing 0 | P a g e Guidelines for Hydrogeologic Reports and Aquifer Testing Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District Hays, Caldwell, and Travis Counties, Texas Aquifer Science Staff Board Adopted - May 12, 2016 BSEACD General Manager John Dupnik, P.G. BSEACD Board of Directors Mary Stone Precinct 1 Blayne Stansberry, President Precinct 2 Blake Dorsett, Secretary Precinct 3 Dr. Robert D. Larsen Precinct 4 Craig Smith, Vice President Precinct 5 Acknowledgments This document is modified from original guidelines written by former District Hydrogeologist Nico Hauwert, P.G., and later revised by Aquifer Science staff in January 2007. This version of the guidelines were revised by the District’s Aquifer Science Team Brian, A. Smith, Ph.D., P.G. and Brian B. Hunt, P.G., with reviews also provided by the District’s Technical Team. Additional reviews were provided by Joe Vickers, P.G., Douglas A. Wierman, P.G., Alex S. Broun, P.G., and Rene Barker, P.G. Cover Photograph of pumping well in Kingsville City from the Goliad Sands pumping 700 gpm. Photo shows the orifice weir for measuring the flow rate, photo from Joe Vickers. Chart is an example of analytical solution used to estimate aquifer parameters for a Middle Trinity irrigation well (Onion Creek Golf Course well; August 2015). BSEACD Guidelines