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Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe

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Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault Implications for the Geologic History of the Eastern Santa Maria Basin Area, California Reconnaissance Bulk-Rock and Clay Mineralogies of Argillaceous Great Valley and Franciscan Strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California Geophysical section offshore Santa Maria basin Geologic section onshore Santa Maria basin U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1995-HJ AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current- year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." 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U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center 101 Twelfth Ave., Box 12 Fairbanks, AK 99701 STENNIS SPACE CENTER, Mississippi Bldg. 3101 Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault Implications for the Geologic History of the Eastern Santa Maria Basin Area, California By JEFFREY L. HOWARD Reconnaissance Bulk-Rock and Clay Mineralogies of Argillaceous Great Valley and Franciscan Strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California By RICHARD M. POLLASTRO, HUGH MCLEAN, and LAURA L ZINK Chapters H and I are issued as a single volume and are not available separately U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1995 EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS/ONSHORE OIL AND GAS INVESTIGATIONS- SANTA MARIA PROVINCE Edited by Margaret A. Keller U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Text and illustrations edited by James W. Hendley II UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1995 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Howard, Jeffrey L. Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault: implications for the geologic history of the eastern Santa Maria Basin area, California / by Jeffrey L. Howard. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley and Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California / by Richard M. Pollastro, Hugh McLean, and Laura L. Zink. p. cm. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1995) (Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations Santa Maria Province ; ch. H, I) "Chapters H and I are issued as a single volume and are not available separately." Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3:1995-H, I 1. Sedimentation and deposition California Santa Maria Basin. 2. Conglomerate California Santa Maria Basin. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic Cenozoic. 4. Sespe Formation (Calif.) 5. Argillite California Santa Maria Basin. 6. Mineralogy California Santa Maria Basin. 7. Santa Maria Basin (Calif.) I. McLean, Hugh, 1939. II. Zink, Laura L. III. Pollastro, Richard M. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley and Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California. IV. Title. V. Title: Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley and Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California. VI. Series. VII. Series: Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations Santa Maria Province; ch. H, I. QE75.B9 no. 1995-H-l [QE571] 557.3 s dc20 94-39069 [552'.5'09794] CIP Chapter H Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault Implications for the Geologic History of the Eastern Santa Maria Basin Area, California By JEFFREY L. HOWARD U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1995 EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS/ONSHORE OIL AND GAS INVESTIGATIONS- SANTA MARIA PROVINCE Edited by Margaret A. Keller CONTENTS Abstract HI Introduction HI Previous work H2 Methods of study H7 Sedimentology of the Sespe Formation H9 Stratigraphy and paleoenvironments H9 Paleocurrent analysis H14 Conglomerate clast assemblages H14 Metavolcanic clast varieties H19 Conglomerate clast morphology H19 Geologic history of the study area H20 Sespe Conglomerate provenance H20 Depositional history H26 Tectonic history H29 Conclusions H30 References H31 Appendix: List of conglomerate clasts from the Sespe Formation H37 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of study area in eastern Santa Maria basin and Santa Ynez Mountains H2 2. Map of study area showing geographic distribution of Sespe Formation and loca­ tions of measured sectionsH3 3. Correlation chart for Santa Maria basin, Santa Ynez Mountains, and Topatopa Mountains, Calif. H4 4. Stratigraphic nomenclature used previously in Santa Ynez Mountains, Calif. H4 5. Schematic Stratigraphic sections of Sespe Formation in study area Hll 6. Lithologic correlations of Sespe Formation in study area H12 7. Schematic Stratigraphic sections of Sespe Formation in southern Santa Ynez Moun­ tains showing lithologic correlations H12 8. Facies relations between Sespe Formation and laterally equivalent marine units in the central and western Santa Ynez Mountains, Calif. H13 9. Ratios and maximum granitoid/gneiss clast size to maximum quartzite clast size versus distance west of the San Gabriel Fault H19 10. Inferred sediment dispersal directions in study area H24 11. Facies relations between Sespe Formation and laterally equivalent units in Santa Ynez-Topatopa Mountains, Calif. H27 TABLES 1. Lithofacies of the Sespe Formation in eastern Santa Maria basin and vicinity H10 2. Paleocurrent data for lithofacies C of the Sespe Formation in eastern Santa Maria basin HIS 3. Paleocurrent data for Sespe Formation in Santa Ynez Mountains HIS 4. Percentages of clasts in Sespe conglomerates of the eastern Santa Maria basin area H16 IV Contents 5. Maximum observed clast size in Sespe conglomerates of the eastern Santa Maria basin area H17 6. Upsection changes in Sespe conglomerate clast suites HIS 7. Analysis of metavolcanic clast suites in Cretaceous and Paleogene conglomerates by percentage H20 8. Tests for statistically significant differences in metavolcanic clast suites of Sespe and pre-Sespe conglomerates H21 9. Morphologic indices of clasts in Sespe and pre-Sespe conglomerates H22 10. Calculated t-values for tests of statistically significant differences in clast shapes of Sespe conglomerates H22 11. Calculated t-values for tests of statistically significant differences in clast shapes of Sespe and pre-Sespe conglomerates H23 Contents Conglomerates of the Upper Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault Implications for the Geologic History of the Eastern Santa Maria Basin Area, California By Jeffrey L. Howard1 Abstract INTRODUCTION The depositional history of the Sespe Formation was stud­ The Santa Maria structural basin in southwestern Cali­ ied using sedimentary facies analysis, clast counts, paleocur- fornia is a wedge-shaped
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