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Review of the Palaearctic Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 Species of Octopunctata Group (Collembola: Onychiuridae)

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Review of the Palaearctic Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 Species of Octopunctata Group (Collembola: Onychiuridae) A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2008, 58(4): 667-688 REVIEW OF THE PALAEARCTIC PROTAPHORURA ABSOLON, 1901 SPECIES OF OCTOPUNCTATA GROUP (COLLEMBOLA: ONYCHIURIDAE) IGHOR KAPRUS’1 and ROMUALD J. POMORSKI2 1State Natural History Museum of NAS of Ukraine, Teatral’na Str. 18, UA-79008, L’viv, Ukraine; e-male: [email protected] 2Zoological Institute, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza 21, PL-50-335 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.— Protaphorura macfadyeni (Gisin, 1953) Protaphorura mongolica (Martynova, 1975) Protaphorura nutak (Yosii, 1972) and Protaphorura tetragram- mata (Gisin, 1964) are redescribed based on the type specimens and new materials. Protaphorura rectopunctata Buşmakiu, 1996 and Protaphorura serbica (Loksa et Bagojevic, 1976) is a junior synonyms of Protaphorura sakatoi (Yosii, 1966). Protaphorura elenae sp. nov., Protaphorura licheniphila sp. nov., Protaphorura merita sp. nov., Protaphorura nazarovensis sp. nov. and Protaphorura submersa sp. nov. five new, closely related species from Siberia (Russia) are described. An key to all Palaearctic Protaphorura species with 4 and more pseudocelli at antennal base is provided. ± Key words.— Collembola, Onychiuridae, Protaphorura, taxonomy, Palaearctic. INTRODUCTION Protaphorura quadriocellata and Protaphorura octopunctata and described two new species, an iden- The genus Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 is the most tification key to known Palaearctic taxa of this group diverse within the tribe Onychiurini containing more was also given. than 120 species (Bellinger et al. 1996–2008). Species The material on several other species belonging to identification within this genus is mainly based on the the same Protaphorura group, which can not be clas- pseudocellar formula – the number and localisation of sify to any known species, is at our disposal. A consid- pseudocelli on different parts of body. Usage of this erable part of this material comes from Siberia thanks feature in identification keys allows distinguishing to the kindness of Russian collembologists Dr. Sophya groups of species characterised by the same or similar Stebaeva, Anatoly Babenko and Mikhail Potapov. A mi- number of pseudocelli. These groups are probably not nor part was collected by us, during our investigations natural, but have a great practical value. of the Carpathians. The present paper is an attempt to Group of species with four and more pseudocelli give a critical review of all known Palearctic Prota- at antennal base is one of the richest among the ge- phorura species with four and more pseudocelli at nus Protaphorura. This species of octopunctatus antennal base. It includes redescriptions of several group was erected by Pomorski and Kaprus’ (2007). species, descriptions of five new species and a identifi- In the same paper we redescribed the most known cation key to all species of the group. PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima dux doi: 10.3161/000345408X396602 A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2008, 58(4): 689-693 A NEW SPECIES OF PRIONOCERIDAE (COLEOPTERA: CLEROIDEA) FROM THE EOCENE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA JOHN F. LAWRENCE1, S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD2, and ADAM ŚLIPIŃSKI3 1CSIRO Entomology (retired), 130 Hartwig Rd., Gympie, QLD 4570, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C., V5A 1S6, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] 3 CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.— Prionocerites tattriei gen. and sp. nov. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Prionoceridae) are described from Eocene amber associated with the Hat Creek Coal Formation, Kamloops Group, British Columbia, Canada. This is the first occurrence of the family Prionoceridae in the fossil record and from the Western Hemisphere. ± Key words.— Cleroidea, Prionoceridae, new genus, new species, Eocene, Hat Creek Coal Formation, Canada. INTRODUCTION in Spain had fibrous vegetable material in the gut, along with a few apparently insect setae. Idgia larvae The cleroid beetle family Prionoceridae includes in India were observed feeding on a dead wasp, as well three genera and about 150 extant species distributed as on dead larvae and a living pupa of a pyralid moth. mostly throughout the warmer parts of the Old World, It appears as if prionocerids, like many members of the except Madagascar and Australia. The genus Lobonyx related family Melyridae, are pollenophagous as adults Jacquelin DuVal, with 16 species, occurs from southern and predaceous or saprophagous as larvae (Gardner Europe and North Africa to Asia Minor, Central Asia, 1929, Crowson 1964, Constantin 1990). India and China. Prionocerus Perty includes two spe- Larvae of Lobnonyx aeneus and those of at least cies, one in India and Southeast Asia and another two species of Idgia have been described and illustrat- extending from Asia to tropical Africa. The closely ed by Gardner (1929) and Crowson (1964). These lar- related genus Idgia Laporte, with the bulk of the spe- vae resemble those of Melyridae with respect to sever- cies, occurs throughout Africa and from Asia Minor to al head features, but are distinguished by the presence India, China, Japan, the Philippines, Southeast Asia of pigmented plates, often more than one color, on var- and the Sunda Archipelago. Relatively little is known ious tergites, the long, more or less parallel, acute and about prionocerid biology. Adults are often collected in densely setose urogomphi, and, particularly by the flowers and at least some are known to be pollen feed- presence of a unque type of what Crowson referred to ers. Larvae have been found in soil and leaf litter, as as “eversible glands” in the vicinity of the abdominal well as under bark. The gut contents of an Idgia larva spiracles and on each urogomphus. Although these from Sri Lanka were found to contain numerous in- minute, translucent, tubular, apically flared processes sect fragments, while the larva of Lobonyx aeneus are not necessarily eversible or glandular, they do pro- (Fabricius) from a pupal cell at the base of an oak tree vide a clear family-group apomorphy, illustrated for PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima dux doi: 10.3161/000345408X396620 A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2008, 58(4): 695-720 PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILY LYCIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) LADISLAV BOCAK1, * and MILADA BOCAKOVA2 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tr. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Purkrabska 2, 771 40 Olomouc, Czech Republic *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.— Lycidae, net winged beetles, have proved difficult to classify using morphological characters. Here, using a previously published molecular phylogeny, comparing the results with morphological data and re-analyzing previously published morphological data set, we propose a revised classification of Lycidae. All analyses support the monophyly of Lycidae, but phylogeny inferred from molecular data is in conflict with the current classification. The adult larviform females evolved in several lineages and never switched back to a winged form. Therefore, neotenic development of females is not a synapomorphy of Lycidae and the neotenic lineages do not form a basal paraphylum with respect to remaining Lycidae as previously proposed. As a consequence morphological similarities resulting from neoteny are homoplasies and cannot be used for definition of monophyletic lineages. The major result of this study is delineation of five basal clades, which are given subfamily rank: Libnetinae Bocak et Bocakova, 1990, stat. nov., Dictyopterinae Kleine, 1928, stat. nov., Lyropaeinae Bocak et Bocakova, 1989, Ateliinae Kleine, 1928 and Lycinae Laporte, 1836, sensu nov. Dexorinae Bocak et Bocakova, 1989, stat. nov. were not available for molecular analyses and their position is inferred from morphology alone. Further, Lycinae are redefined. Leptolycini are nested among Neotropical Lycini and render them paraphyletic. Slipinskiini are shown to group with Erotini. The distant position of Macrolycini and Dilophotini is demonstrated and Dilophotini are transferred from Calochrominae to Ateliinae. Four new tribes are proposed: Lycoprogenthini trib. nov. in Dictyopterinae, Alyculini trib. nov. and Antennolycini trib. nov. in Lyropaeinae, Dihammatini trib. nov. in Lycinae. Calochromini Lacordaire, 1857, stat. nov. and Leptolycini Leng et Mutchler, 1922, stat. nov. are lowered to the tribal status in Lycinae. The validity of Thonalmini Kleine, 1933 stat. rev. is re-established. ± Key words.— Elateroidea, taxonomy, new tribes, subfamilies, mtDNA, rDNA, morphology. INTRODUCTION a fragment of their diversity in tropical regions as ex- emplified by several recently published alpha taxonom- With more than 4 000 described species, Lycidae, ic studies (e.g., Bocakova 1997a, 1999a, Dvorak and net winged beetles, are one of major elateroid line- Bocak 2007, Tvardik and Bocak 2001). The poor condi- ages. The family occurs throughout the World (Kleine tion of higher-level classification is reflected by con- 1933, Bocak and Bocakova 1990), but they are most flicting opinions published by various authors (Bocak diverse and abundant in humid tropics. We know only and Bocakova 1990, Miller 2002, Kazantsev 2005). PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima dux doi: 10.3161/000345408X396639 A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa),
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