TABLE - 1 TWENTY FOUR ICONCXJRAPHIC FORMS OF LORD VISHNU
Padma Rupa- Paramesvara Ahirbudhyaina NAME Pura^ia, mandana, Samhita, Samhlta, IV: 79 Adh.V 23: 72-78 26: 33-46
1. Kes'ava SCGP PSCGPSCG PSCG
2. Narayana PGCS SPGCSCGP SPGC
3. Madhava CSPGGCSPPGSC PGSC
4. Govinda GPSCCGPSCGSPCGSP
5. Vishnu« SCPG GPSC GPSC GPSC 6. Madhusudana SPGCCSPG CSPG CSPG
7. Trivikrama GCSP PGCS CGPS CGPS
8. Vamana CGPS SCGPSCGP SCGP
9. Sridhara CPSG PCGS PCGS PCGS
10. Hr§ikesa CGSPGCPS GCSPGCSP
11. Padmanabha PSGC SPCG GPCS SPGC
12. Damodara SGCPPSGC PSGCPSGC -- 13. Samkarsana• • SPCG GSPC 14. Vasudeva CSGP GSCP - -
15. Pradyumna SCGP CSGP - -
16. Aniruddha GSPC CGSP - -
17. PSGC CPSG - - Purusottama• 18. Adhoksaja GSCP PGSC - -
19. Nrsimha PGSC CPGS - -
20. Acyuta PCSG GPCS --
21. Janardana - PCSG --
22. Upendra - SGCP - -
23. Hari - SCPG --
24. Krsna GPCS SGPC - -
Abbreviations:- S = Sankha P = Padma G = Gada C = Chakra
The order of emblems starts from the lower right hand in the clockwise direction. (Source:- Itconography of Lord Vishnu: Kalpana Desai, 1973)
182 TABLE - 2
ICONOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF LORD BHAVANARAYANA IN THE TWELVE TEMPLES
TEMPLE ICONOGRAPHIC DETAILS
1. B APATLA PC S VM
2. BHAVADEVARAPALLI P CS VM
3. BAR?AVARAMAM s CG
4. PONNOOR P s C G
5. PEDAGANJAMAM c S G
6. INUMELLAP s C G
7. PADARTHI (deadtemple)
8. PATTISAM AM S C G
9. NARASARAOPETP CS VM
10. CHINNAGANJAM P CS VM
11. AMRTHALUR P C S VM
12. SABBAYAGUDEMP C S VM
(Details:- P = Padmam, C = Chakram, S = Sankham, G = Gada,
AM= Abhaya Mudra, VM = Varada Mudra)
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"S U +J « o o +-• CO CO B -.H O U. u u u O < _ CD 4-» J ffi CO CJ o 03 ICO CO CO ^ >> > i c 2 »§ <2 CO X ) 5 ^ u CO c ® « 4 - 1 ■a TD c o 0 O > i 4 - > 4 •H n tOH OS «S* CO O 0 -* •t-i i— t >> CO CT3 »-H Q) E CO CO CO (D g ‘« I c O ■t-i 00 a > 00 C "O CO O cn * E 3 00 * >> Q . CO D CO (h C s ■» o > CO CO a ICO e u » o JS O D E- m a co c j cn •rH •iH CO I— I +-I O 0) a . Q w w W W cn u cn U u in PO o 00 CO tH < ro 00 Q rH tH t H rH LO CO T3 73 CO U3 CO OJ CD [ > o x : x ; I I I CO CO o (N CNJ W 00 CSJ 0 ro lo CO a o ^ O CO z a.a 205 TABLE - 5 INSCRIPTIONAL TOPONYMS AND THEIR MODERN EQUIVALENTS lo. Toponym Reference Modem Equivalent 2 3 4 Akikandavalli SII-VI-177 Khandavalli, East GSdavarl District Alapadu SII-V-26 Alapadu, Tenali taluq, Guntur Dist. ^ d h r a Desa SII-VI-127.128 The State of Andhra Pradesh. Attili SII-V-27 Attili, Tanuku Taluq, West Godavari Dt Ayodhyapura SII-VI-149,152 — Bapatla SII-VI-146 Bapatla, Guntur District. Bejawada SII-VI-133,148 Vijayawada, Krishna District Bhapattana SII-VI-131 Bapatla, Guntur District Bhavanarayana Sn-VI-130 Bapatla, Guntur District Perumadla Nagaru Bhavapuramu SII-V-28, 30 Sarpavaram (as per reference) Kakinada taluq. East Godavari Dist. Bhavapattana SII-VI-143 Bapatla, Guntur District. Bhavapattu SII-VI-162, 164 Bapatla, Guntur District. Bhavayya Nagaru SII-V-5 Sarpavaram, (as per reference) Kakinada taluq. East Godavari Dist. Bheemapuramu SII-VI-133 Bhimavaram, Kakinada taluq. East Godavari District. Bodalapadu SII-VI-121 — Brahmapalli SII-VI-129.142 Bapatla, Guntur District. Chandragiri SII-VI-146 Chandragiri, Tirupati taluq, Chittor Dist. Chengalu SII-VI-139 Chagallu, Tanuku taluq. East Godavari Dist. Chembrolu SII-VI-133 Chebrolu, Guntur tq.8 Dist. Cherlakayyolu SII-V-24 — 206 1 . 2. 3. 4. 21. Chilukuru SII-VI-187 Chilukuru, Vijayawada taluq, Krishna Dist. 22. Chingaramu SII-VI-168 Chingaram, Bapatla taluq, Guntur Dist. 23. Chintalapudi SII-V-29, Chintalapudi, Eluru Dist. SII-VI-120 24. Choda Mandalam SII-V-3, 11 Area comprising the entire Coastal SII-VI-182 Andhra subdivided into Rattapadi- konda Choja Mandalam; Rajendra ChTJla Mandalam, Nigarili Chola Mandalam, Jayangonda Chola Mandalam, AdhirajCTidra ChT)la Mandalam, Kulo- ttunga Chola Mandalam and Gangakonda Chola Mandalam. ’5 . Choda Samudram SII-V-7 16. Chola Valanadu SII-V-15,22 Area comprising in and around SII-VI-136 the taluqs of Tenali, Repalle and Guntur of Guntur Dist. :7. Chuttamalli SII-V-8,12 Chaturvedi- and many Mangalam 8 . Dakaremi SII-V-26 Draksharamam, Ramachandrapuram SII-VI-133 taluq, East Godavari Dist. 9 . Dannada SII-VI-128 D ham ikbta, Guntur taluq, Guntur D ist.‘ 0 . Dekkunooru SII-VI-160 1. Dhanadapuramu SII-VI-184 Chandavole, Repalle taluq, Guntur Dis 2 . Dharmapattanamu SII-VI-136 3. Dharmapuramu SII-VI-191 Dharmavaram, Ongole tq, Prakasam Dt 4. Draksharamamu SII-VI-133 Draksharamamu, Ramachandrapuram tq. East Godavari Dist. 5. Emani Kanndravadi SII-VI-128 Area comprising Emani of Tenali tq, Kuragallu and Gundimeda of Guntur tq.6 Dt. 6 . Enamadala SII-VI-120 Yanamadala, Guntur tq.8 Dt. 7. Gajapuramu SII-VI-149,152 207 2. 3. 4. Ganekapadu SII-VI-120 Ganikapadu, Bapatla tq.6 Dt. Gangagonda Choda SII-V-8, 23 Area comprising the East Godavari Valanadu and many District. Gangapuramu SII-VI-149, 152 Gangavaram, Vinukonda tq.Guntur Dt. Gongooru Agraharam SII-VI-168 Gontooru SII-V-26 Guntur Township SII-VI-133 Goshtivanara SII-VI-120 Ponnoor, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. Gundimada SII-VI-128 Gundimeda, Guntur tq.8 Dt. Itikalacheruvu SII-V-7 Itikalampadu, Guntur tq.6 Dt. Itikanooru SII-V-7 Itikalampadu, Guntur tq.8 Dt. Kamma Nadu SII-VI-127,128 Area comprising Narasaraopet taluq, and scores. Bapatla taluq of Guntur Dist, Ongole taluq of Prakasam Dist.and Markapur taluq of Kurnool Dist. Kamma Rashtramu SII-VI-142,189 -do- Kamma Vishyamu SII-VI-136 -do- Kanakapuramu SII-VI-149.152 Ponnoor, Bapatla taluq, Guntur Dt. Kanakarava SII-VI-119 Kanchipuramu SII-VI-160,164 Kanjivaram, Chengalpat Dist, Tamilnadu Kandanavole SII-VI-122 Kumool Township. Kandravadi 1000 SII-VI-168 Area comprising Guntur tq, east of Sattenapalli tq.and south of Tenali tq-of Guntur Dt. Kannadu SII-VI-128 Area comprising Nandikotkur tq,and the villages Gadivemula, Chilapala and Pesaravayi of Nandyala tq., of Kurnool Dt. Kannayaprolu SII-V-26 Kanuparthi SII-VI-136 Kanuparthi, Ongole tq. Prakasam Dt. 208 2. 3. 4. 8. Karriata SII-VI-146 The State of Karnataka 9. Kasakuriti SII-VI-120 0. l^asimkbta SII-V-28 Katakamu SII-VI-191 Cuttack, Ganjam Dt, Orissa. KMepalli SII-VI-120 Kesaripadu SII-VI-120 Kesaripadu, Guntur tq.6 Dt. Kiranapuramu SII-VI-191 Kolluru SII-VI-129 Kolluru, Repallctq., Guntur Dt. Komaragiri puramu SII-V-30 Komaragiri SII-V-1 Samudramu Kommooru SII-VI-133 Konuru, 5!attenapalli tq., Guntur Dt. Kondamudi SII-VI-121 Kondamudi, Bapatla t q ., Guntur Dist. Kondapadumati SII-VI-195 Area comprising the eastern parts of Sattenapalii tq ., parts of Guntur tq., and Narasaraopet tq. of Guntur Dist. and west of the Kondaveedu hill. Kondaveedu SII-VI-146 Area comprising southern parts of Vishayamu river Krishna, the eastern parts of Kumool Dist., the Guntur Dt.and the Nellore Districts on south. Konkana SII-VI-197 Goa and Konkan areas of Maharashtra. Konteti Agraharam SII-VI-148 Koravilli SII-V-4 Kotturu SII-VI-182 Kotturu, Narasaraopet tq, Guntur District. Kulottunga SII-VI-200,201 Area comprising Coastal Andhra Ch5da Mandalamu between rivers Godavari and Krishna. Kumamguru SII-VI-119 Konuru, Sattenapalii tq, Guntur Dt. Kuntala SII-VI-189 Area comprising the southern dts. of Maharashtra and the northern dts.of Karnataka. ono 1 . 2 . 3. 4. 79. Lamkapalli SII-VI-119 — 80. Lata SII-VI-189 — 81. Machireddipalli SII-V-29 — 82. Madhukamballi SII-VI-155 — 83. M adhyavada SII-VI-200 Bapatla, Guntur Dt. 84. Mannuva SII-VI-121 Mannava, Bapatla tq., Guntur Dt. 85. Marata SII-VI-189 Marathwada areea of Maharashtra. 86. Mottavadi SII-VI-128 Area comprising Markapur taluq. Kurnool Dt. 87. Motupalli SII-VI-162 Motupalli, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. 88. Mudigonda SII-VI-200 Mudigonda, Repalle taluq, Guntur District. 89. Mulukuduru SII-VI-121 Mulukuduru, Repalle tq, Guntur Dt. 90. Munda Nadu SII-VI-173 Area comprising the Kandukur tq. of Praka^am Dt.and the taluqs of Venkatagiri, Rapur, Nellore, Kovvur and Atmakur in Nellore Dt. 91. Munjaluru SII-V-1 Munjaluru. Gudivada tq, Krishna Dt. 92. Musundooru SII-VI-179 Musunooru, Kavali tq, Prakasam Dt. 93. Naluvapamulu SII-V-6 94. Nandamuru SII-VI-186 Nandamuru, Kaikalur tq, Krishna Dt. 95. Nandula SII-VI-128 96. Naradagundamu SII-V-6,14 Sarpavaram, Kakinada taluq. East Godavari Dist. 97. Nelmali Nadu SII-V-3,11 Area comprising in and around the taluq of Rajupalem of Guntur Dt. 98. Nellore SII-VI-184 Nellore Township 59. Nidumbrolu SII-VI-118,144 Nidubrolu, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. ID. Ogula Konduru SII-VI-159 Ogulakonduru, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. 11 . Ongeru Margamu SII-VI-157,184 The flow of rivulet born in Narasa- raopet tq, flowing through th tqs of Guntur, TenMi, Bapatla and join ing Arabian Sea near Nizampattanam. 210 1. 2. 3. 4. 12. Padarthi SII-VI-186 Padarthi (hamlet), Ongole taluq, Prakasam Dt. 3. Palakolanu SII-VI-133 Palakollu, NarsSpur tq, West Goda vari District. 4. Papivarimathamu SII-VI-120 — 5. Fariavara SII-VI-148 Area comprising the taluqs of Tanuku, Vishayamu BhTmavaram, Narasapuram of West Godavari Dt. 6. Pancharamamulu SII-VI-133 Draksharamamu, Ramachandrapuram tq East Godavari Dtt Chalukya Bhima- varam, Kakinada tq, East Godavari Dt; Palakollu, Narasapur Jq, West Godavari Dt; Gunapudi Bhimavaram, Bhimavaram tq, 'West Godavari Dt; Amaravati, Guntur tq, Guntur District. 1. Parivi SII-VI-196 — }. Pavuluru SII-VI- Pavuluru, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. 3. Pedana SII-V-1 Pedana, Bandar tq, Krishna Dt. ). Pencheruvu SII-V-4 — Pennatavada SII-VI-187 Area comprising north of river Krishna and Naandigama tq, Krishna Dist. ’ ( Penugonda SII-VI-143 Penugonda, Sattenapalli tq, Guntur Dt. I. Podavurevula SII-VI-201 Bapatla, Guntur Dt. ' • Podavirevula SII-VI-158 Bapatla, Guntur Dt. Prempalli • Podavurevula SII-VI-167 Bapatla, Guntur Dt. Rajamanikyapuramu — • Pongalampadu SII-V-24 • Ponnooru SII-V-122 Ponnooru, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. . Poranooru SII-VI-118,119 Ponnooru, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. « Porantooru SII-VI-21 Ponnooru, Bapatla tq, Guntur Dt. . Pottapi SII-VI-132 Pottapi. Rajampet tq, Cuddapah Dt. 211 2. 3. 4. Prempalli SII-VI-127,128 Bapatla, Guntur Dt. Prolu Nadu SII-V-8,9,12,13 Area comprising the taluqs of Pitha- puram, Tuni, Kakinada, and Pedda- puram of East Godavari Dt. Purushothama- SII-V-8.12 Sarpavaram, Kakinada taluq, East Godavari Dt. Pattanamu• and many Rajamahendra- SII-V-1 Rajahmundry, East Godavari Dist. varamu. Rajamanikya- SII-VI-148,185 Bapatla, Guntur Dist. puramu. Recherla SII-V-4 Recherla, Nalgonda tq.6 Dt. Reneballe SII-V-4 — Sabbapuramu SII-V-9 Sarpavaram, Kakinada taluq, East Godavari Dist. ✓ Salibrihadankkura - SII-VI-127, 155 Bapatla, Guntur Dist. Mahagrama. Sarpavaramu SII-V-25, 26 Sarpavaram, Kakinada taluq. East and many Godavari Dt. Sindhu Yugmantara SII-VI-132 The doab of rivers Gautami and Desamu Vasisthi in East Godavari Dt. / / f f Srisailamu SII-VI-136 Srisailam, Atmakur tq.,Kumool Dt. Thopugunta SII-V-28 — Tinunadapalli SII-VI_200 Bapatla, Guntur Dt. Tiruvamooru SII-VI-180 — Tondai Mandalam SII-VI-127 Area comprising the dts. Krishna, Gunti!!:, Prakasam and Nelloncof A.P. and Chengalpet and parts of south 6 north Arcot dts.of Tamilnadu. Toorpu Nidu SII-VI-179 Area comprising the dts. of Guntur, Prakasam and hjellore. Uttamachoda SII-VI-135,140 Area comprising the dts. of Krishna Valanadu and scores Guntur and parts of Prakasam. Vaisyagraharam SII-VI-136 — Vankayalapadu SII-VI-120 212 2. 3. 4. Viyilada SII-V-8 Vedurukunta SII-VI-183 Velanadu SII-VI-137,138 Area comprising in and around the and scores tqs. of Tenali, Repalle and Guntur of Guntur Dt. Velukalooru SII-VI-173 Elikaluru. Tenali tq, Guntur Dt. Vengi Desamu SII-VI-133,160 Area comprising the dts.of Prakasam, Guntur, Krishna, West Godavari, East Godavari and Vizag. Vengi Nadu SII-V-26 -do- Viharanagiri SII-V-1 Simhachalam, Vizag Dt . Vijayanagaramu SII-VI-122 Vorandooru SII-VI-132 Vuyyuru, Bandar tq, Krishna Dt. * * * 213 TABLE - 6 CALENDER MONTHS ACCORDING TO VEDIC, SOLAR AND LUNAR SYSTEMS VEDIC SYSTEM SOLAR SYSTEM LUNAR SYSTEM Madhava Masam Mesha Masam Chaitra Masam Sukra Masam Vrsha(bha) Masam Vaisakha Masam « Suchi Masam Midhuna Masam Jyeshta Masam Nabha Masam Karkataka Masam Ashada Masam Nabhasya Masam Simha Masam Sravana Masam Isa Masam Kanya Masam Bhadrapada Masam Oorja Masam Tula Masam Aswiyuja Masam Saha Masam Vrschika Masam Kartika Masam 3ahasya Masam Dhanur Masam Margasira Masam Tapa Masam Makara Masam Pushya Masam Tapasya Masam Kumbha Masam Magha Masam Madhu Masam Meena Masam Phalguna Masam • (SOURCE: Rashtriya Panchang for 1909 SE /1987 AD) 214 TABLE - 7 STARS AND THEIR CONJOINING RELIGIOUS MERITORIOUS OCCASIONS 8 1 .No. STAR (Nakshatra) OCCASION (Yoga) 1 . A^wani Vishkambha . Bharani Preeti 2 • 3. Krttika Ayushman 4. Rohini Soubhagya • 5. Mrga^ira Sobhana 6. Ardra Atiganda 7. Punarvasu Sukarma 8. Pushyami Dhrti• 9. S^lesha Sula 10 . Makha Ganda . Poorva Phalguni Vrddhi 1 1 « Dhrva 1 2 . Uttara Phalguni • 13. Hasta Vyaghata 14. Chitta Harshana 15. Swati Vajra 16. Visakha Siddhi (Asrik) 17. Anuradha Vyatipata 18. Jyeshta Parlyana 19. Mula Parigha 20. Poorvashadha Siva 2 1 . Uttarashadha Siddha ✓ • . Sravanam Sadhya 22 • 23. Dhanishta Sub ha / 24. Satabhisham Sukla (Sukra) 25. Poorva Bhadra Brahma 26. Uttara Bhadra Indra 27. Rev at i Vaidhfti (Source: Rashtrlya Panchang for 1909 SE/1987 AD) 215 TABLE - 8 TABLE OF NUMISMATIC CONVERSIONS (as computed from the epigraphs) PADIKA 20 Varatakamulu or 1/4 Panamu PANAMU 80 Varatakamulu • PATIKA 80 Gavvalu ADDUGA 1/2 Panamu • • A r a k ^ u 2 Panamulu or 1/5 Duggani KASU 4 Panamulu or 1/2 Palkam PAIKAM 2 Kasulu D(R)AMMA 4 Kasulu or 2 Paikamulu or 16 Panamulu or 1/16 Nishkamu » DUGGANI 2 Drammalu or 1/8 Nishkamu GANDAMADA 1/2 NISHKAMU NISHKAMU 2 Ganda Madalu or 20 Chinnamulu CHINNAMU 1/10 Mada CHAVELA 1 /8 Varaha TANKAMU 16 Dabbulu or 4 Chavelu or 1/2 Var^a or 16 Kanulu PARKA 2 Veesamulu DABBU 1 Kini GADDEMU 1 Gadyanamu or 1 Varaha. * * * 216 TABLE - 9 CONVERSION TABLE OF MEASURING UNITS (as computed from the inscriptions) LINEAR: ANKANAMU 32 square cubits square yards • /8 EDUMU 5 Nakaramulu TUMU 1/5 Putti or 4 Kunchamulu or 1 Mandumu PANDUMU 2 Edumulu or 10 Nakaramulu PUTTI 2 Pandumulu or 1 Khandika or 20 Nakaramulu or 80 Kunchamulu JENA (span) 7" to 9" (rod measure) IRASAMU 1/2 Tumu or 28 Serlu KANDEGOLA 4 Hastas (rod measure) KAN I 1 .3 acres 9 KUNTA 1060 square feet KUCHCHALLU Gorlu or 32 Guntalu or 3.12 acres • • 8 KHARI 16 Dronas GUNTA 1/40 acre or 121 square yards GORRU 32 Kuntas or 3 .1 2 acres • • GOCHARMAMU 10 Nivartanamulu CHEYYI 24 Inches DRONAMU 4 Adhakamulu or 1/16 Khari NIVARTANAMU 20 Dandamulu BIGA 1 acre SALAGE 2.5 Tumulu ADHAKAMU 1 Tumu or 4 Kun chalu KATTI 40 acres KALAKANDOGUMU 1 Putti VOLUMETRIC: ADDA 2 Manikalu ARA SO LA 1/8 MANIKA ARA MANA 1/2 MANIKA KUNCHAMU 4 Manikalu KUMBHAMU 1/4 Kunchamu GIDDA/CHITTIGAMU 1 /4 S5la TAVVA 2 Solas or 1/2 Manika MUNTA 1 Manika or 1/4 Kunchamu * * * 217 > CL U D > ii^; CU «s