9 X13.5 Doublelines.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62062-8 - The Multiwavelength Atlas of Galaxies Glen Mackie Index More information

Index

α,COtoH2 conversion factor, 41 Barnard’s Galaxy, 116 counter-jet, 213 π mesons, 33 Barnard, E.E., 116 counter-rotating core, 123 21 cm hydrogen line, 31, 65 baryons, 45 Crab Pulsar, 33, 58 discovery, ix beaming, 51 CS 22892-52, 26 origin, 42 BeppoSAX satellite, 51 Curtis, Heber, 5 30 Doradus, Tarantula Nebula, 33, 98, Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association Curtis, Henry, 188 100 (BIMA), 55 Cygnus A, 212 3C 405, 212 Big Bang, 1, 47 3C 84, 138 bimodal metallicity distribution, 197 dark matter, 43, 106 3C Catalogue, 16 black hole–black hole mergers, 51 halos, 44 4C 26.42, 206, 207 blackbody radiation, 12, 36, 37 virial radius, 44 blazar, 16, 50, 197 de Medici, Giuliano, 2 Abell 1795, 206 blue compact dwarf (BCD), 105 de Vaucouleurs, Gerard, 152 Abell 426 (Perseus Cluster), 138 Bradford, Duncan, 3 density Abell Catalogue, 16 bremsstrahlung radiation, 33, 35 variations, 47 absorption, 60 broad line region (BLR), 50 wave, 51, 127 accreting depolarization, 51, 69, 141 binaries, 36 CANGAROO-II Cerenkov telescope, disk–disk merger, 11, 20, 210 white dwarfs, 177 154 distance modulus, 46 accretion disk, 16, 31, 36, 49, 58, 182 celestial sphere, 2 Doppler shift, 5 active galactic nuclei (AGN), 12, Centaurus A, 197 Duncan, John C., 6 47, 49 Cepheid dust grains, 31, 38 airglow, 29 period–luminosity relationship, 6 absorption by, 37 Al-Suﬁ, 2 variables, 5 dynamical American Science and Engineering, Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), friction, 210 ix 220 relaxation, 141 Andromeda Galaxy, (NGC 224/M 31), chronometric age, 26 dynamically ix, 2 cirrus, infrared, 40 based mass, 44 Andromeda–Triangulum region, 45 CO (J = 1 → 0), 2.6 mm, 41, 65 angle of inclination, 2, 67 CO (J = 2 → 1), 1.3 mm, 41 asymptotic giant branch (AGB), 197 CO (J = 3 → 2), 0.88 mm, 41 eclipsing binary, 82 Atacama Submillimeter Telescope cold dark matter (CDM), 1, 45 Eddington luminosity, 111 Experiment, 165 color–magnitude diagram (CMD), Effelsberg radio telescope, Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, 16 26 65, 223 atmospheric Columbia Southern Millimeter-Wave electromagnetic absorption, 29 Telescope, 222 radiation, 33 transmission, 29 column density, 41, 65 spectrum, ix, 6, 29 atomic hydrogen (H I), 31, 42, 65 Compton Gamma Ray Observatory elliptical galaxies, 2 aurorae, 29 (CGRO), 58, 220 ESO New Technology Telescope, 58 Australia Telescope Compact Array Corsali, Andrea, 2 ESO Very Large Telescope, 58 (ATCA), 223 Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), Evans, D. Silvan, 4 48, 60 Ewen, H.I., ix Baade, Walter, 33 cosmic microwave background (CMB), Explorer 11, ix Balloon Observations of Millimetric 47, 141 extinction, 38, 60 Extragalactic Radiation and cosmic rays, 33 extreme ultraviolet (EUV), 37 Geophysics experiment, cosmological (Tolman) surface Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE), (BOOMERANG), 48 brightness dimming, 46 221

254 INDEX

Fanaroff–Riley UGC 7636, 123 inverse Compton Class I (FRI), 14, 197, 206 UGC 957, 136 emission, 12 Class II (FRII), 14, 212 Whirlpool, 127 scattering, 36, 141, 213 far-infrared (far-IR), 40, 60 Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), ionized hydrogen, 60 far-IR–radio correlation, 50 221 ionizing photons, 50 far-ultraviolet (far-UV), 37 galaxy groups, 6 ionosphere, 29 Faraday rotation, 51, 69 Galilei, Galileo, ix irregular galaxies, 2 Fe Kα emission line, 36, 127, 213 gamma ray bursts (GRBs), 35, 51 isochrones, 26 Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope, 220 Gamma rays, 16, 33, 58 ﬂuorescence, 34 Geminga Pulsar, 58 James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), X-ray, 36 giant molecular clouds (GMCs), 41, 99 ix, 222 forbidden lines, 38 globular cluster Jansky, Karl, ix Fornax A, PKS 0320−374, 141 RZ 2109, 123 Jodrell Bank, Lovell Telescope, 65, 223 Fornax Cluster, 94, 141, 174 globular cluster population, 188, 193, 197 free–free emission, 35, 42, 50 Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), K correction, 46 Freeman, Ken, 44 223 Kaler, James, B., 8 Kant, Immanuel, 2 Galactic plane, 60 HIIregions,31, 38 kelvin (K), 6, 30 Galaxies, 1 Harriot, Thomas, ix Keskula,¨ Martin, 60 active, 12 Heinrich Hertz Telescope, 193 Keskula,¨ Tatjana, 60 amorphous, 22, 161 Herschel, John, 3 categories, x, 9, 23 Herschel, William, 3, 8 Lambert, Johann Heinrich, 3 diameters, 1 Hertzsprung, Ejnar, 6 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), 2, 26, 60 distance, ix, 22 HI superbubble, 91, 111 large-scale dwarf, 20 hierarchical merger, 25 dynamo, 51 elliptical, 2, 16 High Energy Astrophysical structure, 1, 3 formation, 25 Observatory-2 (HEAO-2), Einstein, last scattering surface, 48 interacting, 9 220 Leavitt, Henrietta, 5 irregular, 2, 16 High Energy Stereoscopic System Leiden–Dwingeloo Survey of Galactic lenticular, 2, 16 (H.E.S.S.), 197 Neutral Hydrogen, 65 luminosity, 23 high-mass stars, 50 Leighton, R.B., ix masses, 1 high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), 34, lenticular galaxies, 2 merging, 11 154 line strength ratios, 40 normal, 9 highly polarized quasars (HPQs), 16 LINER–Seyfert transition object, 127 radio, 14 horizontal branch (HB), 197 Local Group, 6, 9, 44, 68, 82, 116 Seyfert, 13 hot dark matter (HDM), 45 lookback time, 21 spiral, 2, 16, 50 HST-1, 188, 190 low ionization nuclear emission line starburst, 11, 154, 161, 209 Hubble region (LINER), 12, 50, 177, 193 Galaxy constant, 44, 48 low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy, 21, bulge, 25, 60 sequence, 16 49, 51, 108 halo, 2 Hubble Space Telescope (HST), 221 low surface brightness shells, 25 nucleus, 55 Hubble, Edwin, 6 low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), 34, spheroid, 25 Huggins, William, 4 154 The, ix, 55 hydrogen cyanide (HCN), 55 luminosity based mass, 44 thick disk, 25 hydromagnetic effects, 51 Lund Observatory, 60 thin disk, 25 hypernovae, 51 Lundmark, Knut, 60 galaxy Andromeda, 2, 44, 68 Index Catalogue (IC), 3, 16 M 81 Group, 177 Atoms for Peace, 151 Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), Magellan, Ferdinand, ix, 2, 75 Barnard’s, 116 60, 222 Magellanic Clouds, ix Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), 2, Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), 222 Magellanic Stream, 25 26, 60 Initial Mass Function (IMF) magnetic ﬁeld, 35, 51, 65, 175, 193 Markarian 421, 35 variations, 51 main sequence (MS), 1 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), 2, 5, 60 initial mass function (IMF), 51 Malmquist bias, 49 Sombrero, 193 intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH), Marius, Simon, 2 Southern Pinwheel, 165 95, 161 Markarian 421, 35 The Antennae, 146 interstellar medium (ISM), 1 Markarian, B.E., 35 The Mice, 124 intracluster medium (ICM), 9, 119 maser, 171, 182

INDEX 255

merger remnant, 151 Ophiuchus, 60 Fornax A, PKS 0320−374, 141 mergers Opik, Ernst, 6 Perseus A, 138 black hole–black hole, 51 optical, ix, 60 Virgo A, 188 disk–disk, 11, 20, 151, 210 optically violent variables (OVVs), radio galaxy, 49 neutron star–neutron star, 51 16, 35 radioactive decay, 26 merging disk galaxies, 146 Orbiting Astronomical Observatory ram pressure stripping, 9, 119 Messier Catalogue, 16 (OAO), ix Reber, Grote, 212 Messier, Charles, 2 Orion recombination lines, 38 metallicity, 34 (Local) Arm, 58, 65 hydrogen, 40 mid-infrared (mid-IR), 40, 60 constellation, 60 radio, 41, 161 mid-ultraviolet (mid-UV), 37 Owens Valley Radio Observatory red giant branch (RGB), 1, 197 molecular (OVRO), 222 reddening (color excess), 38 clouds, 30 relativistic torus, 49 Pagel, Bernard, 12 ﬁreball models, 51 molecular hydrogen, H2, 30, 65 Parkes radio telescope, 65, 223 jets, 49 multiwavelength, x, 6 Parsons, William (Third Earl reverberation mapping, 187 M33 of Rosse), 3 rich clusters, 6, 44 X-7, 82 Perseus A, 138 Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), X-8, 82 Perseus Cluster (Abell 426), 138 213 photons, 48 rotation curves, 44 narrow line region (NLR), 49 PKS 0336−355, 95 Rubin, Vera, 43 NASA Astrophysics Data System, 67 PKS catalogue, 16 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, polarization, 16, 141, 171, 207 S Andromedae, 4 (NED), 67 polarized emission, 51, 68 S2, 58 ∗ ∗ near-infrared (near-IR), 40, 60 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Sagittarius A ,SgrA , 55 nebulae (PAHs), 34, 40 Sagittarius A, Sgr A, 55 dark, 30 Population I, 34 Sandage, Allan, 8, 20 spiral, ix Population II, 34 Sanduleak −69 202, 98 white, 4 power law, 12, 187 Sargent, Wallace, 188 Neugebauer, G., ix protogalaxies, 12 Saslaw, William, 1 neutrinos, decaying, 91 protostars, 1 Schwarzschild radius (RSchwarzschild), neutron star, 31 pulsar 187, 188 neutron star–neutron star Crab, 33, 58 Seyfert 1 (Sy 1), 13, 50 mergers, 51 Geminga, 58 Seyfert 2 (Sy 2), 13, 49, 171, 209 New General Catalogue (NGC), 3, 16 Vela, 16, 33, 58, 60 Sgr A West, 55 NGC 1317, 141 Purcell, E.M., ix Shapley, Harlow, 5, 6, 23 NGC 2070, 98 shock-front, 1, 40 NGC 3077, 161 quasar, 15, 50, 186 Slipher, Vesto, 5 NGC 5195, 127 big blue bump, 37 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), NGC 5253, 165 buried, 212 2, 5, 60 NGC 5461, 110 Smith, Sinclair, 44 NGC 604, 82 RSchwarzschild (Schwarzschild radius), SN 1987A, 98 NGC 205/M 110, 68 187, 188 Solar System, 60 NGC 221/M 32, 68 R136, 98, 100 Sombrero galaxy, 193 NGC 224/M 31, 60 Ro¨ ntgen Observatory Satellite (ROSAT), South Polar Group, 78, 154 NGC 4051, 177 60, 220 Southern H-Alpha Sky Survey Atlas NGC 5461, 110, 113 radial velocities, 44 (SHASSA), 60 night sky radiation Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experiment brightness, 49 blackbody, 12, 36, 37 (SHEVE), 223 emission, 29 bremsstrahlung, 33, 35 Southern Pinwheel, 165 nightglow, 29 radio spectral energy distributions (SEDs), non-thermal radiation, 50 continuum, 65 238 North Polar Spur, 60, 65 jet, 197, 207, 213 spiral nova 1885, 4 lobe, 207 ﬂocculent, 51 supernovae, 210 galaxies, 2 observational limits, 33 radio galaxy grand design, 21 high energy, 33 Centaurus A, 197 nebulae, ix, 3 low energy, 33 Cygnus A, 212 Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), 222

256 INDEX

star Swift telescope, 221 Virgo A, 188 CS 22892-52, 26 synchrotron radiation, 12, 15, 35, 41, 42, Virgo Cluster, 119, 122, 188 eclipsing binary, 82 50, 51, 65 virial neutron, 1, 31 synchrotron self-Compton, 213 radius, 44 nova 1885, 4 theorem, 44 S Andromedae, 4 TeV gamma-ray emission, 154 S2, 58 The Antennae, 146 warm ionized interstellar medium − Sanduleak 69 202, 98 The Mice, 124 (WIM), 60, 91 star formation rate (SFR) thick disk, 91 Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope indicators, 50 tidal tails, 25 (WSRT), 223 star-formation rate (SFR), 11, 50 Triangulum galaxy, (NGC 598/M 33), Whipple Observatory, 35 stars, 1 ix Whirlpool Galaxy, 127 Cepheid variable, 5 Two Micron All Sky Survey white nebulae, 4 dwarf, 1 (2MASS), 222 Wien’s law, 38 high mass, 1, 50 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe low mass, 1 UGC 7636, 123 (WMAP), 48 white dwarf, 1 UGC 957, 136 Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper (WHAM), 60 Stefan–Boltzmann law, 38 ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source, 95, Wright, Thomas, 2 stellar 161 mass limit Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope X-ray upper, 51 (UIT), 221 binaries (XRBs), 111, 175 photospheres, 37 uniﬁed scheme, 49, 212 cooling gas, 207 stellar-mass black hole, 1 upper atmosphere, 29 counter-jet, 197 subluminal, 197 X-rays, 35 submillimeter, 40, 46 Van de Hulst, H.C., ix hard, 35 superluminal motion, 14, 187 van den Bergh, Sidney, 22 soft, 35, 60 supermassive black hole (SMBH), 12, 16, Vela Pulsar, 16, 33, 58, 60 XMM-Newton, 221 47, 49, 58, 182, 187, 188, 197 Very Large Array (VLA), 222 supernova remnant (SNR), 34, 36, 42 Very Long Baseline Interferometry supernovae, 1 (VLBI), 223 Young, Peter, 188 surface Vespucci, Amerigo, 2 brightness, 46, 51 Virginia Tech Spectral Line Survey zodiacal light, 30, 60 temperatures, 31 (VTSS), 60 Zwicky, Fritz, 44