DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Human Activities on Benthic Biotopes and Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Human Activities on Benthic Biotopes and Species The Marine Life Information Network® for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN) Impact of human activities on benthic biotopes and species Report to Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Contract no. CDEP 84/5/244 Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters & Dr Keith Hiscock Contractor: Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland, Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB. FINAL REPORT June 2005 (Contract period November 2001 to October 2004) Reference: Tyler-Walters, H. & Hiscock, K., 2005. Impact of human activities on benthic biotopes and species. Report to Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the UK. [Contract no. CDEP 84/5/244] Impact of human activities on benthic biotopes and species MarLIN 2 Impact of human activities on benthic biotopes and species MarLIN Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................9 1. Introduction to the report ......................................................................................11 2. Background to the project.....................................................................................11 3. Contract objectives ................................................................................................11 4. Tasks and Milestones.............................................................................................13 4.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................13 4.2 Task 1. Maintain the MarLIN database and Web site..........................................13 4.3 Task 2. Contribute to the application of sensitivity information to marine environmental protection especially by promoting approaches developed in the UK in Europe..............................................................................................................................13 4.4 Task 3. Undertake further research on species and habitats that are keystone, characterizing or indicator species including species and habitats found in UK waters that are selected under the OSPAR prioritization process. .............................................17 4.5 Task 4. Develop links between sensitivity and survey data ................................17 4.6 Task 5. Identify locations of nationally important benthic species and habitats, at particular risk from pollution from accidental oil spills, to contribute to 3-yearly reviews of MEHRA’s environmental sensitivity data. ........................................................................20 4.7 Task 6. Report on programme.............................................................................20 5. Maintain the MarLIN database and Web site. ......................................................20 5.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................20 5.2 The redesigned MarLIN Web site .........................................................................21 5.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................21 5.2.2 Pull-down menus ...........................................................................................21 5.2.3 Search tools ...................................................................................................22 5.3 The Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Database........................................23 5.4 The SEArchable BEnthic Data (SEABED) Map....................................................23 5.4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................23 5.4.2 The Data Access Sub-programme ................................................................23 5.4.3 Mapping software ..........................................................................................24 5.4.4 The SEABED Map .........................................................................................24 5.5 Use of the MarLIN Web site..................................................................................26 6. Undertake further research on species and habitats that are keystone, characterizing or indicator species .................................................................................29 6.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................29 6.2 The Biology and Sensitivity Key Information database ........................................29 6.3 Revision of benchmarks........................................................................................29 3 Impact of human activities on benthic biotopes and species MarLIN 6.3.1 Physical disturbance and abrasion ............................................................... 30 6.3.2 Changes in nutrient levels............................................................................. 30 6.4 Update of database and Key Information reviews ............................................... 30 6.5 Biology and Sensitivity Key Information research ................................................ 32 6.5.1 Priority species .............................................................................................. 32 6.5.2 Key information research completed............................................................. 33 6.5.3 OSPAR Annex V threatened and declining species ..................................... 35 6.5.4 OSPAR Annex V threatened and declining habitats..................................... 47 6.5.5 Indicator species............................................................................................ 47 7. Linking sensitivity information and marine benthic survey data ..................... 49 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 49 7.2 Sensitivity Mapping Advisory Group..................................................................... 50 7.3 A combined ‘sensitivity’ scale ............................................................................... 50 7.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 50 7.3.2 Rationale and approach ................................................................................ 51 7.4 Updating existing scales and definitions .............................................................. 53 7.5 Review of sensitivity, intolerance and recoverability across species and biotopes . .............................................................................................................................. 54 7.6 Assessing sensitivities at the biotope complex, lifeform, and habitat complex levels .............................................................................................................................. 60 7.7 Sensitivity mapping in marine environmental management................................. 61 7.7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 61 7.7.2 Irish Sea Pilot trial sensitivity maps............................................................... 61 7.7.3 CCW trial of sensitivity maps in oil spill response......................................... 68 7.7.4 CEFAS contract to identify offshore biotope complexes and their sensitivities. ....................................................................................................................... 73 7.8 Benefits and limitations of sensitivity mapping in environmental management... 76 8. Conclusions............................................................................................................ 79 9. Recommendations ................................................................................................. 83 10. References .............................................................................................................. 85 11. Publications ............................................................................................................ 88 4 Impact of human activities on benthic biotopes and species MarLIN List of Figures Figure 1. The MarLIN Data Access Sub-programme data structure.................................24 Figure 2. SEABED Map. Example search for survey data for Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus and Atrina fragilis...........................................................................................25 Figure 3. SEABED Map. Comparative distribution of Sabellaria alveolata and Sabellaria spinulosa (left), with close-up of the north Irish Sea (right). .........................................25 Figure 4. SEABED Map. Species list for an individual survey point. ...............................26 Figure 5. SEABED Map. Histogram of relative species abundance within survey sample. ......................................................................................................................................27 Figure 6. The top twenty countries of origin of our users (excluding the USA).................28 Figure 7. The range of different organization types using the Web site............................28 Figure 8. Range of species information on the MarLIN Web site (October 2004). ...........34 Figure 9. Number of research biotopes representative of the interest features of the EC Habitats
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix to Taxonomic Revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas' Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with Correction
    http://www.natsca.org Journal of Natural Science Collections Title: Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities Author(s): Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud Source: Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud. (2020). Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities. Journal of Natural Science Collections, Volume 7, . URL: http://www.natsca.org/article/2587 NatSCA supports open access publication as part of its mission is to promote and support natural science collections. NatSCA uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ for all works we publish. Under CCAL authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in NatSCA publications, so long as the original authors and source are cited. TABLE 3 – Callaghan et al. WARD AUTHORITY TAXONOMY ORIGINAL SPECIES NAME REVISED SPECIES NAME REVISED AUTHORITY N° (Ward Catalogue 1888) Coelenterata Anthozoa Alcyonaria 1 Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 2 Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766 3 Alcyonium stellatum Milne-Edwards [?] Sarcophyton stellatum Kükenthal, 1910 4 Anthelia glauca Savigny Lamarck, 1816 5 Corallium rubrum Lamarck Linnaeus, 1758 6 Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766 [?] Eunicella verrucosa 7 Kophobelemon (Umbellularia) stelliferum
    [Show full text]
  • Trends of Aquatic Alien Species Invasions in Ukraine
    Aquatic Invasions (2007) Volume 2, Issue 3: 215-242 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.8 Open Access © 2007 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2007 REABIC Research Article Trends of aquatic alien species invasions in Ukraine Boris Alexandrov1*, Alexandr Boltachev2, Taras Kharchenko3, Artiom Lyashenko3, Mikhail Son1, Piotr Tsarenko4 and Valeriy Zhukinsky3 1Odessa Branch, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU); 37, Pushkinska St, 65125 Odessa, Ukraine 2Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU; 2, Nakhimova avenue, 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine 3Institute of Hydrobiology NASU; 12, Geroyiv Stalingrada avenue, 04210 Kiyv, Ukraine 4Institute of Botany NASU; 2, Tereschenkivska St, 01601 Kiyv, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] (BA), [email protected] (AB), [email protected] (TK, AL), [email protected] (PT) *Corresponding author Received: 13 November 2006 / Accepted: 2 August 2007 Abstract This review is a first attempt to summarize data on the records and distribution of 240 alien species in fresh water, brackish water and marine water areas of Ukraine, from unicellular algae up to fish. A checklist of alien species with their taxonomy, synonymy and with a complete bibliography of their first records is presented. Analysis of the main trends of alien species introduction, present ecological status, origin and pathways is considered. Key words: alien species, ballast water, Black Sea, distribution, invasion, Sea of Azov introduction of plants and animals to new areas Introduction increased over the ages. From the beginning of the 19th century, due to The range of organisms of different taxonomic rising technical progress, the influence of man groups varies with time, which can be attributed on nature has increased in geometrical to general processes of phylogenesis, to changes progression, gradually becoming comparable in in the contours of land and sea, forest and dimensions to climate impact.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M'ProCms International A Ben & Howe'' Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 40106-1346 USA 3-3 761-4 700 800 501 0600 Order Numb e r 9022566 S o m e aspects of the functional morphology of the shell of infaunal bivalves (Mollusca) Watters, George Thomas, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project
    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00 For: The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme Report issued 30 August 2002 (Version with minor corrections 16 September 2002) Keith Hiscock, Harvey Tyler-Walters and Hugh Jones Reference: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H. & Jones, H. 2002. High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Report from the Marine Biological Association to The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme. (AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00.) Correspondence: Dr. K. Hiscock, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB. [email protected] High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species ii High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species Title: High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Contract Report: W/35/00632/00/00. Client: Department of Trade and Industry (New & Renewable Energy Programme) Contract management: AEA Technology, Environment. Date of contract issue: 22/07/2002 Level of report issue: Final Confidentiality: Distribution at discretion of DTI before Consultation report published then no restriction. Distribution: Two copies and electronic file to DTI (Mr S. Payne, Offshore Renewables Planning). One copy to MBA library. Prepared by: Dr. K. Hiscock, Dr. H. Tyler-Walters & Hugh Jones Authorization: Project Director: Dr. Keith Hiscock Date: Signature: MBA Director: Prof. S. Hawkins Date: Signature: This report can be referred to as follows: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthopleura and the Phylogeny of Actinioidea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria)
    Org Divers Evol (2017) 17:545–564 DOI 10.1007/s13127-017-0326-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Anthopleura and the phylogeny of Actinioidea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) M. Daly1 & L. M. Crowley2 & P. Larson1 & E. Rodríguez2 & E. Heestand Saucier1,3 & D. G. Fautin4 Received: 29 November 2016 /Accepted: 2 March 2017 /Published online: 27 April 2017 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2017 Abstract Members of the sea anemone genus Anthopleura by the discovery that acrorhagi and verrucae are are familiar constituents of rocky intertidal communities. pleisiomorphic for the subset of Actinioidea studied. Despite its familiarity and the number of studies that use its members to understand ecological or biological phe- Keywords Anthopleura . Actinioidea . Cnidaria . Verrucae . nomena, the diversity and phylogeny of this group are poor- Acrorhagi . Pseudoacrorhagi . Atomized coding ly understood. Many of the taxonomic and phylogenetic problems stem from problems with the documentation and interpretation of acrorhagi and verrucae, the two features Anthopleura Duchassaing de Fonbressin and Michelotti, 1860 that are used to recognize members of Anthopleura.These (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) is one of the most anatomical features have a broad distribution within the familiar and well-known genera of sea anemones. Its members superfamily Actinioidea, and their occurrence and exclu- are found in both temperate and tropical rocky intertidal hab- sivity are not clear. We use DNA sequences from the nu- itats and are abundant and species-rich when present (e.g., cleus and mitochondrion and cladistic analysis of verrucae Stephenson 1935; Stephenson and Stephenson 1972; and acrorhagi to test the monophyly of Anthopleura and to England 1992; Pearse and Francis 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Norwegian Sea Slugs (Nudibranchia): New Species to Norwegian Coastal Waters and New Data on Distribution of Rare Species
    Fauna norvegica 2013 Vol. 32: 45-52. ISSN: 1502-4873 Diversity of Norwegian sea slugs (Nudibranchia): new species to Norwegian coastal waters and new data on distribution of rare species Jussi Evertsen1 and Torkild Bakken1 Evertsen J, Bakken T. 2013. Diversity of Norwegian sea slugs (Nudibranchia): new species to Norwegian coastal waters and new data on distribution of rare species. Fauna norvegica 32: 45-52. A total of 5 nudibranch species are reported from the Norwegian coast for the first time (Doridoxa ingolfiana, Goniodoris castanea, Onchidoris sparsa, Eubranchus rupium and Proctonotus mucro- niferus). In addition 10 species that can be considered rare in Norwegian waters are presented with new information (Lophodoris danielsseni, Onchidoris depressa, Palio nothus, Tritonia griegi, Tritonia lineata, Hero formosa, Janolus cristatus, Cumanotus beaumonti, Berghia norvegica and Calma glau- coides), in some cases with considerable changes to their distribution. These new results present an update to our previous extensive investigation of the nudibranch fauna of the Norwegian coast from 2005, which now totals 87 species. An increase in several new species to the Norwegian fauna and new records of rare species, some with considerable updates, in relatively few years results mainly from sampling effort and contributions by specialists on samples from poorly sampled areas. doi: 10.5324/fn.v31i0.1576. Received: 2012-12-02. Accepted: 2012-12-20. Published on paper and online: 2013-02-13. Keywords: Nudibranchia, Gastropoda, taxonomy, biogeography 1. Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Corresponding author: Jussi Evertsen E-mail: [email protected] IntRODUCTION the main aims.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Arten Der Gattung Aporrhais Da Costa Im Ostatlantik Und
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Drosera Jahr/Year: 1977 Band/Volume: 1977 Autor(en)/Author(s): Cosel von Rudo Artikel/Article: Die Arten der Gattung Aporrhais da Costa im Ostatlantik und Beobachtungen zum Umdrehreflex der Peiikansfuß-Schnecke Aporrhais pespelecani (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) 37-46 DROSERA 77 (2): 37-46 Oldenburg 1977- I X Die Arten der Gattung Aporrhais da Costa im Ostatlantik und Beobachtungen zum Umdrehreflex der Peiikansfuß-Schnecke Aporrhais pespelecani (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) Rudo von Cosel *) Abstract: A short survey with identification key of the four species of the gastropod genus Aporrhais in the East Atlantic is given. — A second type of „turning-back-reflex“ of A. pespelecani (after having put the snail with aper­ ture upwards), in which the animal bends its extended body round the outer lip and not round the columella as usual, is described and figured for the first time, as well as the observation that the species is able to turn round its shell not only on sandy bottom, but also on hard substrate. Der Pelikansfuß Aporrhais pespelecani (LINNÉ 1758) ist eine der auffallendsten Schneckenarten an der deutschen Nordseeküste und gleichzeitig die Typusart der auf den Atlantik beschränkten Gattung Aporrhais in der Familie Aporrhaidae. Gattung Aporrhais DA COSTA 1778 1778 Aporrhais DA COSTA, Brit. Conch.: 136 1836 Chenopus PHILIPPI, Enum. Moll. Sic., t. I: 215 Gehäuse mit hochgetürmtem Gewinde und Schulterknoten oder Axialrippen. Äußerer Mündungsrand erweitert und zu fingerförmigen Fortsätzen ausgezogen. 5 rezente Arten, davon 2 boreal-lusitanisch-mediterrane und 2 westafrikanische Arten aus der Untergattung Aporrhais, sowie 1 arktisch-carolinische Art {A.
    [Show full text]
  • Os Nomes Galegos Dos Moluscos
    A Chave Os nomes galegos dos moluscos 2017 Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (2017): Nomes galegos dos moluscos recomendados pola Chave. http://www.achave.gal/wp-content/uploads/achave_osnomesgalegosdos_moluscos.pdf 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Neste documento fornécense denominacións para as especies de moluscos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ámbito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese científico ou económico, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas). En total, achéganse nomes galegos para 534 especies de moluscos. A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica que considera as clases, ordes, superfamilias e familias de moluscos. Aquí apúntase, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos moluscos que hai en cada familia. A seguir vén o corpo do documento, onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome científico, os nomes galegos e ingleses de cada molusco (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles). Ao final inclúese unha listaxe de referencias bibliográficas que foron utilizadas para a elaboración do presente documento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recolléronse ou propuxéronse nomes galegos para os moluscos, quer xenéricos quer específicos. Outras referencias achegan nomes para os moluscos noutras linguas, que tamén foron tidos en conta. Alén diso, inclúense algunhas fontes básicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados. 2 Tratamento terminolóxico De modo moi resumido, traballouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios: En primeiro lugar, aprofundouse no acervo lingüístico galego. A respecto dos nomes dos moluscos, a lingua galega é riquísima e dispomos dunha chea de nomes, tanto específicos (que designan un único animal) como xenéricos (que designan varios animais parecidos).
    [Show full text]
  • Neighbours at War : Aggressive Behaviour and Spatial
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. NEIGHBOURS AT WAR: AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AND SPATIAL RESPONSIVENESS IN THE ANEMONE, ACTINIA TENEBROSA. __________________________________________________________________________________ This thesis is completed in part of a Masters of Conservation Biology Degree. Georgia Balfour | Masters of Conservation Biology | July 27, 2017 1 | Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Ehara taku toa it te toa takitahi, engari he toa takimano. My success is not that of my own, but the success of many” Firstly, I would like to acknowledge my supervisors Dianne Brunton and David Aguirre. Thank you for all of your guidance, for taking an idea that I had and helping make a project out of it. Thank you for giving up your time to read and analyse my work and for always keeping me on point. For helping me to define what I really wanted to study and trekking all over Auckland to find these little blobs of jelly stuck to the rocks. David, your brilliant mathematical and analytical mind has enhanced my writing, so thank you, without you I would have been lost. This would never have been finished without both of your input! Secondly, I would like to acknowledge my parents, Georgina Tehei Pourau and Iain Balfour. Your endless support, strength and enormous belief in what I do and who I am has guided me to this point. Thank you for scouting prospective sites and getting up early to collect anemones with me.
    [Show full text]
  • Metagenetic Analysis of 2017 Plankton Samples from Prince William Sound, Alaska
    Metagenetic Analysis of 2017 Plankton Samples from Prince William Sound, Alaska. Report to Prince William Sound Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council (PWSRCAC) From Molecular Ecology Laboratory Moss Landing Marine Laboratory Dr. Jonathan Geller Melinda Wheelock Martin Guo Any opinions expressed in this PWSRCAC-commissioned report are not necessarily those of PWSRCAC. December 1, 2018 Revised August 15, 2019 Abstract This report describes the methods and findings of the metagenetic analysis of plankton samples from the waters of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. The study was done to identify zooplankton, in particular the larvae of invasive benthic species. Plankton samples, collected by the Prince William Sound Science Center (PWSSC), were analyzed by the Molecular Ecology Laboratory at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. The samples were taken from five stations in May of 2017 in Port Valdez and elsewhere in PWS. DNA was extracted from bulk plankton and a portion of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, the most commonly used DNA barcode for animals, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Products of PCR were sequenced using Illumina reagents and MiSeq instrument. 211 operational taxonomic units (an approximation of biological species) were found and 52 were identified to species. Most species were crustaceans and molluscs, and none were non-native. We also compared PWSRCAC samples taken in 2016 to the current set of samples. Fewer species were identified in 2017 than in 2016, but sampling methods varied across years. Standardization of methods and a longer time series are necessary to investigate temporal trends. Page 1 of 17 952.431.190815.MLMetagenetic Introduction Monitoring marine habitat for species of concern, including invasive species, can be costly and time-consuming, which limits the information available to resource managers, scientists, and the public.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconnaître Les Principaux Bivalves Fouisseurs Ou Foreurs Au Moyen De Leurs Siphons
    Reconnaître les principaux bivalves fouisseurs ou foreurs au moyen de leurs siphons. 56 espèces Clé de détermination des 20 taxons les plus gros Yves MÜLLER Yves Müller Mai 2016 Reconnaître les principaux bivalves fouisseurs ou foreurs au moyen de leurs siphons. Dans la quasi-totalité des ouvrages traitant des mollusques lamellibranches (ou mollusques bivalves), ce sont les coquilles qui sont décrites (la conchyologie) avec principalement la description des charnières pour la classification. Pour les parties molles (la malacologie) ce sont les branchies qui sont utilisées. Ce qui n’est pas très accessible au plongeur même photographe ! Selon Martoja (1995) 75 % des espèces de bivalves vivent dans les fonds meubles. Certaines espèces trahissent leur présence par leurs siphons qui affleurent à la surface du sédiment, mais il est difficile, au cours d’une plongée, d’identifier les bivalves enfouis dans le sédiment. D’autres espèces de bivalves vivent dans des substrats durs (bois, roche). Ils forent alors une loge dans ce substrat et en général seuls les siphons sont visibles. Le même problème se pose, à quelle espèce appartiennent les siphons ? Selon Bouchet et al. (1978 :92): « Les siphons constituent un moyen de détermination des bivalves aussi fiable que la coquille et la charnière ». Des auteurs anciens comme Deshayes (1844-1848), Forbes et Hanley (1850-1853), Jeffreys (1863, 1865) et Meyer & Möbius (1872) et quelques autres plus récents comme Owen (1953 ; 1959), Purchon (1955a, b), Holme (1959) et Amouroux (1980) ont décrit les siphons de plusieurs espèces. La plupart des espèces de bivalves mesurent entre un et plusieurs centimètres mais les siphons sont pour la plupart courts ou très fins et rétractiles au moindre danger, donc difficilement observables en plongée.
    [Show full text]