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Steroid Use in Professional and Amateur Sports

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Steroid Use in Professional and Amateur Sports S. HRG. 108–944 STEROID USE IN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORTS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MARCH 10, 2004 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 76–456 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:40 Nov 02, 2012 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\76456.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina, CONRAD BURNS, Montana Ranking TRENT LOTT, Mississippi DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota PETER G. FITZGERALD, Illinois RON WYDEN, Oregon JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada BARBARA BOXER, California GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire MARIA CANTWELL, Washington FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JEANNE BUMPUS, Republican Staff Director and General Counsel ROBERT W. CHAMBERLIN, Republican Chief Counsel KEVIN D. KAYES, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel GREGG ELIAS, Democratic General Counsel (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:40 Nov 02, 2012 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\76456.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on March 10, 2004 ............................................................................ 1 Statement of Senator Allen ..................................................................................... 3 Statement of Senator Breaux ................................................................................. 6 Statement of Senator Burns ................................................................................... 5 Statement of Senator Dorgan ................................................................................. 4 Statement of Senator Fitzgerald ............................................................................ 8 Statement of Senator Lautenberg .......................................................................... 7 Statement of Senator McCain ................................................................................. 1 Statement of Senator Nelson .................................................................................. 50 Statement of Senator Rockefeller ........................................................................... 2 Statement of Senator Smith ................................................................................... 8 Statement of Senator Sununu ................................................................................ 6 WITNESSES Biden, Hon. Joseph, U.S. Senator from Delaware ................................................ 9 Fehr, Donald M., Executive Director, Major League Baseball Players Associa- tion ........................................................................................................................ 21 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 24 Madden, Terry, Chief Executive Officer, United States Anti-Doping Agency .... 12 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 15 Selig, Allan H., Commissioner, Major League Baseball ....................................... 27 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 30 Sweeney, Hon. John E., U.S. Representative from New York ............................. 11 Tagliabue, Paul J., Commissioner, National Football League ............................. 20 Upshaw, Gene, Executive Director, National Football League Players Associa- tion ........................................................................................................................ 16 Joint prepared statement of Gene Upshaw and Paul Tagliabue .................. 18 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:40 Nov 02, 2012 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\76456.TXT JACKIE VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:40 Nov 02, 2012 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\76456.TXT JACKIE STEROID USE IN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORTS WEDNESDAY, MARCH 10, 2004 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, Washington, DC. The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m. in room SR–253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. John McCain, Chair- man of the Committee, presiding. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN MCCAIN, U.S. SENATOR FROM ARIZONA The CHAIRMAN. Good morning. The purpose of this hearing is to examine not only whether the drug testing procedures of profes- sional and amateur sports organizations serve the best interest of the organizations, their players, and their respective sports, but whether they serve the best interest of the public. I welcome the witnesses who are appearing before the Committee today, and I thank those who made special arrangements to be here. As Chairman of this Committee, which has oversight authority over amateur and professional sports, and, more importantly, as a parent, let me be clear, there are real consequences to demanding anything less than clean professional and amateur sports. The fail- ure to insist on stringent drug-testing policies damages the integ- rity of the games, calls into question records set by those suspected of using performance-enhancing drugs, and puts in peril the health of the athletes who play the games. But most worrisome is the poor example set by professional and amateur athletes in the eyes of the kids who idolize and emulate them. Some may have doubts about the powerful effect that athletes have on the lives of kids. Let me remind them of the five-fold in- crease in the sales of androstenedione, known as andro, that oc- curred after Mark McGwire admitted to using the substance in 1998 while chasing Roger Maris’ home-run record. As everyone here knows, the health consequences associated with the use of steroids and other dangerous performance-enhancing substance are dire. Medical experts warn that the effects on kids include stunted growth, scarring acne, hormonal imbalances, liver and kidney damage, as well as an increased risk of heart disease and stroke later in life. Psychologically, steroids have been associ- ated with increased aggression, suicide, and a higher propensity to commit serious crimes. (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:40 Nov 02, 2012 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 S:\GPO\DOCS\76456.TXT JACKIE 2 That said, I am not naive about the pressures of professional and world-class amateur sports. Successful athletes are, by their na- ture, extremely competitive and always on the lookout for what gives them a performance edge. Just as important, financial con- cerns make drug-testing policies a distant second, behind the bot- tom line of all parties involved. But it’s clear that we’ve reached a tipping point in the doping debate, where the use of performance- enhancing drugs can no longer be brushed aside. How exactly we deal with this doping epidemic is something I’m looking forward to discussing with the witnesses and with others. Let me raise one recent example of the type of the activity that concerns me. Recently, there have been volumes of press reports concerning a small laboratory in San Francisco that was raided by law enforcement. The U.S. Attorney’s Office in Northern California alleges that the company, known as BALCO, was supplying per- formance-enhancing substances to prominent professional and amateur athletes. It’s been reported that BALCO provided sub- stances to athletes that were specially designed to evade positive drug-test results. These reports have raised several disturbing questions. For ex- ample, should we be concerned that we may be sending an Olympic team to Athens later this year that we know is comprised of ath- letes who cheated? Will the home runs hit this summer owe their distance to talent and training, or to steroids? Will we be able to look at players who have shrunk noticeably since the end of last season without indicting those players in our minds? Will records in both professional and amateur sports continue to fall to those who covet success over merit, to those who deserve, at the very least, an asterisk next to their name in the record books? Whatever the answers to these questions are, no reasonable per- son would disagree that using a performance-enhancing substance to gain a competitive edge over an opponent is cheating. Sports or- ganizations that allow athletes to cheat through weak drug-testing regimes are aiding and abetting cheaters. This cheating, and the negative effect it has on the integrity of our games and our ath- letes, is shameful. Each of you, and particularly major league baseball, has a legit- imacy problem. As your athletes get bigger and stronger, the credi- bility of your product in the eyes of the public gets weaker. I’m hopeful that this hearing will be the first step toward clearing the cloud of suspicion that moves ominously over your sports. I thank the witnesses, again, for being
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