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Terpersie Castle V. TWO DONSIDE CASTLES. By W. DOUGLAS SIMPSON, M.A., D.LiTT., F.S.A.ScOT. Read February 1942.28, The valley of the Don above Alford has long been famous for its chain of ancient castles. Unfortunatel ruinea n i yd dmosan w f thesno o te ear neglected state; and with the economic stress that the changing circum- stances of our time, and above all the present war, impose upon their owners, it is to be anticipated that these picturesque and often historic buildings are doomed inevitably to slow disintegration and final dis- appearance purpose th s i thif et o I s .pape placo rt recorn eo d descriptions of two of these Upper Donside castles. Both of them are buildings of much architectural merit, neither has been fully described before, and both are fast hastening to utter decay. TERPERSIE CASTLE. Terpersie r Dalpersieo , , Castlee paristh f Tullynesslen o i h, , stands,, fee5 heigha t68 t a abovf o t e sea-level, nea e heaa romanti th rf o d c glen hidden away in the heart of the Correen Hills, about three and a half miles west-north-wes parise moute th glee Alfordf th o e t th ht nar f hA churco . h hamled an Tullynesslef o t , wher ecart-roaa d leave turnpikee sth bd yan , this the ruin may be reached in a fifteen minutes' walk. On every side 1 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., Ixviii. p. 150. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1941-42. it is enclosed by wooded or heath-clad summits; and the building itself is hemmed in by trees and the offices of a farm, so that the visitor is almost catchee h e upoer s t s ni gresighit f yo t walls and roofless, crow-stepped gables. Despit s unpretentiouit e s appearance, and notwithstanding the lamentable ruin s thabefalle n ha receni t t i nt years e buildinth ,f considerablo s i g e architectural - importancein s it d an , terest in this respect is enhanced by its historical associations. It appears to be the earliest dated example of the characteristic Scottish "three-stepped" or Z-type of castle, which is specially commo e regionth n i ns e nortth f o h s alsi Mounthe exampl t oth i d n an ei ; which the peculiar features of this type of building were first recognised—by the Englishman Billings devoteo t i wh , o t s the only plan given in his well-known e Baronialworth n Ecclesiasticald ko an Antiquities of Scotland. The castle (see measured drawings, figs. 1—3) consists of a rectangular main building, 28 feet by 18 feet, having a round tower, 17 feet in diameter, at FIRST FLOOR. each of two diagonally opposite corners, TERPERSIE north-east and south-west.1 It was three storeys high, containing on each floor a single large apartment in the main building, and a smaller chamber in each of the towers. Contrary to the usual practice, the basement of the main building has not been vaulted: the hall floor which forms its ceiling rested on a scarcement with joist holes. This base- ment room formed a store, lit by four narrow loophole d enteree an th s n o d eas t a doorsid y b e, low, lintelledd an , SECOND FLOOR. provided with the usual double rebate Pig . Terpersi1 . e Castle: Plans. for an outer wooden door and an inner 1 I have assumea lor convenience that the long axis of the building lies north and south. The true orientatio showplans e ni th n .no TWO DONSIDE CASTLES. 95 iron "yett. lattee s secure Th a drawbar"wa r y b d t thiA s. levele th , round towers each contain a vaulted cellar, circular on ground plan but developed above int orudela y formed heptagon onle Th y . light afforded to these cellars reaches them through three gunloops provided in the walls of each arranged o enfiladt an ,s a e mai o th es d n buildin o t s welg a s a l command the field. At this level, the walls are 3 feet thick. NORTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION IO 2.0 Ft TERPERSIE SECTIO A A- N NO WEST ELEVATION Pig . Terpersi2 . e Castle: Sectio elevationsd nan . notabls i t I epresene thath n ti t castl dooe eaccesth basemenf e ro th o st t is not placed in a re-entrant angle, as is usually the case in buildings of this class. Immediately abov e entrancth e s anothei e r door, also lintelled, giving access to the hall on the first floor. This had a large fireplace in the east wall. In each of the west, north, and eastern walls there is a window, soute th hn i waldooa d s an i l r giving acces straigha o t s t stair ascending fro basemente mth . This stai fee 2 inche1 s 1 tri sroos wideit fd ascendan , s in section scoupla correspondiny b loopholesf eo t li s stepse i th t I ,o g.t e stair-heade otheth th t e bas a d rinterna n th onan eA t a .e l opening, opposit lowee eth r loophole, supplies borrowe dbasemene lighth e o t th f o t main house e uppeTh .r loophol a shallo s ha e w sink, wit ha projectin g stone spout, fitted into its sole. Near its head the stair has been blocked 96 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1941-42. by a cross-wall. Subsequently, the hall was divided by a partition, and a small fireplace of rough workmanship was inserted in its north gable. On this level, the rooms in the two towers are hexagonal on plan, and eac provides hi d wit hfireplaca garderobea d an esouth-wese Th . t tower a singlroo s mha e gunloopso windotw d wan , whil e north-easeth t tower room has two windows and an aumbry, giblet-checked for a shutter and neatly fitted wit ha ston e shelf. This room wilo doubn l t have been the laird's chamber. On either side of the north-east win- dow are two carefully built shafts, carried horizontally through the walendind an l g outsid smaln ei l holes, now blocked but still visible externally in the dressed SOUTH ELEVATION SECTION ON c-c stone eithen so wine r th sid -f eo o 10 io • ft. dow. These openings are too narrow for firearms, and it is TERPERSIE difficul imagino t t e what purpose they can have served, unless perhaps for ventilation. Fro e passagmth e into the south-west tower room a newel stair, in a corbelled turret set in re-entrane th t angle betweee nth tower and the south gable of the main building, ascends to the SECTION ON B-B SECTION OW D-D. upper storey. This stair is 2 feet 6 inches in width. The upper Pig. 3. Terpersie Castle: Elevation and sections. floor is arranged in the same e mais detailwath it ns e s planfulle ya a t th fort floor ar s se d yn , o han , the furthey be nee dnot r described. The masonry of the castle (see PI. XXVI, 2) is rubble work of the kind prevalen norte th hn i t country durin sixteente gth h century, consistinf go surface gathered boulders more or less horizontally bedded, with a very free use of small packing material. Roughly dressed stones are used for the quoins. The outer walls had their pinnings "buttered over" with mortar, leavin largee gth r stones exposedinnee th rd wallan , s were plastered dan white-washed. The main building was finished with crow-stepped gables having curved spur chimneye stonesth d an , s hav moulded eha d copesn O . the north chimney of the main house the cope has a double hollow-chamfer, with filleted upper edges, all very sweetly profiled. Red sandstone is em- ployed for lintels and jambstones, gunloops, the newel stair, and the corbel- TWO DONSIDE CASTLES. 97 ling of its turret, and the contrast between this warmly tinted material and the grey granitic and schistose boulders of the walling adds to the piquancy of the building. For rougher lintels, the local andalusite mica-schist, which break easilo s y into flat slabs jambe e loophole th th useds i ,f d o s an , n i s the basement of the main building are each made of a single stone of this material, set on end. The windows and doors are wrought with a heavy chamfer, ranging froe m4 th inches l 2-o t |Al . windows were barred, and are grooved for glass—in the larger windows on the upper half only, the lower part having been shuttered. Over the lintels of the princi- pal windows are rough relieving arches. The gunloop e plaiar s n circular openings, varying between 4j inches and 6 inches in diameter, with a large internal splay: a singl n i theee eac t ar ystonecu h . Beneath the lower staircase loop in the south gable there -was formerl seee b no yt a panel (fig. 4), carved in imitation of a label affixed with screw nails d disan ,- playing vern i , y comely figures e datth , e 1561. Above the loophole was the boar's head of the Gordons. Owing to the pro- gressive disintegratio buildinge th f no , this loophole wit carvee hth d detai takes wa l n t somou e years ago, and orden i , preo t r - serve it, has been built into an internal wall at Knockespock House, where it forms a charming niche.
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