DOCSLIB.ORG

The Anglo-Irish Truce of 11 July 1921 Which Brought a Formal Conclusion to the Irish War of Independence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Anglo-Irish Truce of 11 July 1921 Which Brought a Formal Conclusion to the Irish War of Independence University of Limerick Ollscoil Luimnigh The Anglo - Irish Truce: An analysis of its immediate military impact, 8 - 11 July 1921 Pádraig Óg Ó Ruairc Ph.D. 2014 University of Limerick Ollscoil Luimnigh The Anglo - Irish Truce: An analysis of its immediate military impact, 8 - 11 July 1921 Pádraig Óg Ó Ruairc Thesis presented to the University of Limerick for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Dr. Ruán O’Donnell Submitted to the University of Limerick, September 2014 Abstract This thesis is a study of the dynamics of the Anglo-Irish Truce of 11 July 1921 which brought a formal conclusion to the Irish War of Independence. Although this work explores the origins, character and significance of the agreement, its primary focus is an analysis of the effect the announcement the impending armistice had on the use of lethal violence in the final days and hours of the conflict. It uses empirical data to interrogate existing hypotheses, and test popular theories surrounding the cessation of the Irish Republican Army’s military campaign. Furthermore, it examines in detail the hitherto neglected subject of the reaction and responses of the British forces in Ireland to the agreement. This study also establishes the role the advent of the Truce played in fomenting ‘Belfast’s Bloody Sunday’, one of the most intense outbreaks of sectarian violence in modern Irish history. This thesis addresses key questions which are central to understanding the Truce and the conflict as a whole. The new research presented in this study challenges an established historical narrative. The empirical findings make a useful contribution to the development of a more complex and comprehensive history of the Irish revolutionary period. The research contained in this thesis arrives at a number of defining conclusions. The rank and file of both the IRA and British forces were taken completely unawares by the advent of the ceasefire and, contrary to previous claims; there was no premeditated or concerted national campaign by either side in an attempt to inflict as many fatalities on their enemies as possible immediately before the conflict ended. A handful of provincial IRA units issued orders to launch fresh military offensives after the announcement of the Truce but these had a desultory effect. Contrary to previous claims these units concentrated on regular military operations such as ambushes and barrack attacks rather than so called ‘soft targets’ such as the execution of civilians and assassinations of members of the British forces. The vast majority of IRA operations which occurred nationally in the final days and hours of the conflict were motivated by local factors rather than national political developments. Although the IRA continued to use lethal violence right up to the beginning of the Truce, almost all of these attacks were typical of those which had developed during the i conflict and were not specifically motivated by the announcement. The British forces in southern Ireland engaged in similar military operations but, like their enemies, there is no evidence to suggest that these operations were specifically motivated by the impending ceasefire. Only in Belfast, where there was sustained inter-communal violence in the final days of the war, can reaction to the Truce be said to have resulted in an upsurge. Even in that instance, negative loyalist reaction to the ceasefire was just one of a number of contributory causes, amongst which local factors predominated. Ultimately, the use of lethal violence in the immediate pre-Truce period, though often brutal, was largely typical of the conditions which had developed in that conflict. The events and killings in July 1921, often cited as having been conceived as a deliberate reaction to the announcement of the Truce, were infact almost wholly coincidental to the machinations which brought the conflict to a formal end. ii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisor, Dr. Ruán O’Donnell, for his confidence in me and his support and assistance during the writing of this thesis. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to Dr. John O’Callaghan for his invaluable help and advice during my research. Thanks are due also to other historians who have helped with my endeavours, including Dr. Seán Gannon, Dr. John Borgonovo, Dr. Andrew Bielenberg, Dr. William Mulligan, Dr. Philip McConway, Dr. Thomás Mac Conn Mara, Dr. Daithi Ó Corrain, Dr. Anne Matthews, Dr. William Sheehan, Dr. Gerard Noonan, Dr. Brian Hanley, Dr. Tim Horgan, Dr. William Kautt, Dr. Billy MagFhloinn, Fr, Brian Murphy O.S.B., Cormac Ó Comhraí, John Dorney, Tommy Graham, Donal Fallon, Barry Keane, Liz Gillis, Tom Toomey, Des Long, William Butler, Liam O’Duibhir, Jim McDermott, Seán Enright, Gerry White, Brendan O’Shea, Cormac O’Malley, Liam Hogan, Mike Maguire, Phil Flood and Kathy Hegarty Thorne. A special thanks to my parents Pat and Monica for their financial assistance during my time at university, and to my sister Deirdre and my brother Kevin for their support. Finally, thanks to my wife Anne Maria for all her encouragement, love and support. iii Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, represents my own work. Pádraig Óg Ó Ruairc iv Table of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgements iii Declaration iv List of Tables ix Key to abbreviations x Chapter One: Introduction 01 Chapter Two: The political and military origins of the Truce and its transmission to combatants (I) Introduction 09 (II) Early peace initiatives 10 November 1920: Military developments, Roger Sweetman’s appeal and the Peace Resolution 14 Archbishop Clune’s negotiations with the British Government 19 The British cabinet divided, March - May 1921 26 (III) The failure of the Government of Ireland Act: political crisis and the British need to end hostilities 29 The Empire, international commitments and British military difficulties in Ireland 34 Stagnation of the military conflict, and the impetus for a Truce 38 (IV) The final negotiation of a Truce, July 1921 43 The question of IRA belligerency 48 Knowledge of the British and Irish combatants that a Truce was imminent 51 IRA ceasefire dispatches: orders to ground arms or escalate activity? 57 Chapter Three: The announcement of the Truce and the execution of suspected spies by the IRA (I) The intelligence war 61 The execution of suspected spies and informers: theories Comparison: ‘short shrift for spies’, British counter-intelligence in World War One 63 The announcement of the Truce and its impact on the intelligence war 68 (II) The execution of suspected spies immediately prior to the Truce 69 The killing of David Cummins 71 The killing of ‘Eric Steadman’ 76 The killing of Major George Bernard O’Conor 78 The killing of John Poynton 81 The killing of William J. Nolan 83 v The killing of John H. N. Begley 86 Failed IRA attempts to kill suspected spies 87 (III) Anti-Protestant sectarianism? 92 Ex-servicemen and former members of the RIC 107 The question of ‘guilt’ of those killed by the IRA prior to the Truce 113 (IV) Timing: A rush for justice? 118 Non-fatal punishment of suspected spies by the IRA immediately prior to the Truce 120 Assessment 123 Chapter Four: IRA attacks on off-duty British troops following the announcement of the Truce (I) Introduction 128 The Hague Convention of 1907 and guerrilla attacks on off-duty troops 132 (II) ‘Uniformed Spies’: IRA attacks on off-duty RIC personnel, 8 - 11 July 1921 134 Constable Alfred Needham 137 Constable Frederick Cormer 140 Constable Alexander Clarke 142 Sergeant James King 145 Planned attack on the Special Constabulary at Newry and the killing of Draper Holmes 147 Non-Fatal attacks on off-duty members of the RIC 150 The attack on Constable Farmiloe 151 The abduction of Constables Atwell and Doyle, and Special Constable Sinnamon 153 Other IRA actions taken against off-duty members of the RIC 155 (III) IRA attacks on off-duty British military personnel, 8 - 11 July 1921 156 The ‘Ellis Quarry shootings’: historiography 160 The ‘Ellis Quarry shootings’: factual narrative 164 The ‘Ellis Quarry shootings’: theories 167 Private Richard Edward Larter 170 Sergeant Edward Mears 171 Attack on British Army officers near Kilmallock 172 British troops captured by the IRA prior to the Truce and released unharmed 173 The Dublin ‘Hit Up’ 175 Assessment 178 vi Chapter Five: Pre-Truce offensives and IRA military operations, 8 - 11 July 1921 (I) Introduction 182 st The 1 Eastern Division IRA pre-Truce offensive 183 rd The 3 Tipperary Brigade IRA pre-Truce offensive 188 st nd The combined 1 and 2 Kerry Brigades IRA pre-Truce offensive 191 (II) Analysis of the IRA’s military campaign nationally between 8 - 11 July 1921 198 Pre-Truce military activity in the IRA’s 1st Western Division (Clare and Galway) 198 Pre-Truce military activity by the IRA’s Cork Brigades 201 Pre-Truce military activity by the IRA’s Limerick Brigades 206 Pre-Truce military activity by the IRA in Waterford 208 Pre-Truce military activity by the IRA in Connacht 209 Pre-Truce military activity by the IRA in Dublin and the southeast 211 Pre-Truce military activity by the IRA in Ulster 214 Assessment 216 Chapter Six: Fatalities inflicted by the British forces following the announcement of the Truce (I) Introduction 225 (II) The reaction of rank and file British troops towards the Truce 227 Offensive British military activities which occurred after the announcement of the Truce 230 ‘The Kilgobnet Mine Disaster’ 232 Attempted assassinations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identity, Authority and Myth-Making: Politically-Motivated Prisoners and the Use of Music During the Northern Irish Conflict, 1962 - 2000
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Queen Mary Research Online Identity, authority and myth-making: Politically-motivated prisoners and the use of music during the Northern Irish conflict, 1962 - 2000 Claire Alexandra Green Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 I, Claire Alexandra Green, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: 29/04/19 Details of collaboration and publications: ‘It’s All Over: Romantic Relationships, Endurance and Loyalty in the Songs of Northern Irish Politically-Motivated Prisoners’, Estudios Irlandeses, 14, 70-82. 2 Abstract. In this study I examine the use of music by and in relation to politically-motivated prisoners in Northern Ireland, from the mid-1960s until 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Drumcree 4 Standoff: Nationalists Will
    UIMH 135 JULY — IUIL 1998 50p (USA $1) Drumcree 4 standoff: Nationalists will AS we went to press the Drumcree standoff was climbdown by the British in its fifth day and the Orange Order and loyalists government. were steadily increasing their campaign of The co-ordinated and intimidation and pressure against the nationalist synchronised attack on ten Catholic churches on the night residents in Portadown and throughout the Six of July 1-2 shows that there is Counties. a guiding hand behind the For the fourth year the brought to a standstill in four loyalist protests. Mo Mowlam British government looks set to days and the Major government is fooling nobody when she acts back down in the face of Orange caved in. the innocent and seeks threats as the Tories did in 1995, The ease with which "evidence" of any loyalist death 1996 and Tony Blair and Mo Orangemen are allowed travel squad involvement. Mowlam did (even quicker) in into Drurncree from all over the Six Counties shows the The role of the 1997. constitutional nationalist complicity of the British army Once again the parties sitting in Stormont is consequences of British and RUC in the standoff. worth examining. The SDLP capitulation to Orange thuggery Similarly the Orangemen sought to convince the will have to be paid by the can man roadblocks, intimidate Garvaghy residents to allow a nationalist communities. They motorists and prevent 'token' march through their will be beaten up by British nationalists going to work or to area. This was the 1995 Crown Forces outside their the shops without interference "compromise" which resulted own homes if they protest from British policemen for in Ian Paisley and David against the forcing of Orange several hours.
    [Show full text]
  • WODEHOUSE, Brigadier Edmond
    2020 www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Author: Robert PALMER, M.A. A CONCISE BIOGRAPHY OF: BRIGADIER E. WODEHOUSE A short biography of Brigadier E. WODEHOUSE, C.B.E., who served in the British Army between 1913 and 1949. He served in the First World War, being wounded and taken prisoner. During the war, WODEHOUSE served with his Regiment rising to command a Battalion. During the Second World War, he became the Military Attaché to Eire, a sensitive role during ‘The Emergency’. Copyright ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk (2020) 16 October 2020 [BRIGADIER E. WODEHOUSE] A Concise Biography of Brigadier E. WODEHOUSE. Version: 3_2 This edition dated: 16 October 2020 ISBN: Not yet allocated. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, scanning without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Author: Robert PALMER, M.A. (copyright held by author) Assisted by: Stephen HEAL Published privately by: The Author – Publishing as: www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk 1 16 October 2020 [BRIGADIER E. WODEHOUSE] Contents Pages Introduction 3 Early Life 3 First World War 4 – 5 Second World War 5 – 8 Republic of Ireland (Eire) 8 – 13 Military Attaché in Ireland 13 – 16 Retirement and Death 16 – 17 Bibliography and Sources 18 2 16 October 2020 [BRIGADIER E. WODEHOUSE] Brigadier Edmond WODEHOUSE, C.B.E. Introduction Not all Army officers can enjoy careers that leave a legacy which is well known to the public or historians. The majority will lead satisfying, and in their own way, important careers, but these will remain unknown to all but their families and a few historians.
    [Show full text]
  • Complaint, an Tost Fada (The Long Silence), Written and Narrated By
    Four pages 1 Complaint, An Tost Fada (The Long Silence), written and narrated by Eoghan Harris, produced and directed by Gerry Gregg, Praxis Films, RTÉ One, 16 April 2012, 7.30pm From: Tom Cooper, 23 Delaford Lawn, Knocklyon, Dublin 16 Telephone: 085 7065200, Email: [email protected], 14 May 2012 (replaces 10 May complaint, please reply by email if possible) Eoghan Harris scripted and narrated an Irish language programme broadcast on RTÉ on 16 April 2012, produced and directed by Gerry Gregg, made by their company, Praxis Films. An Tost Fada (The Long Silence) told a compelling story of Rev’d George Salter’s father, William, being forced to abandon his West Cork farm in 1922. The story was personally moving but the telling of it was historically misleading. The subject matter of the programme concerns matters of public controversy and debate: (a) the specific killing of 13 Protestant civilians in Ballygroman, Dunmanway, in and around Ballineen- Enniskeane and Clonakilty, between 26-9 April 1922; (b) and, generally, the treatment of the Protestant minority in Southern Ireland. The programme makers broadcast incorrect information, seemingly so as to maintain the programme’s pre-selected narrative drive. It would appear, also, the programme makers did not avail of the services of a historical adviser. Had they done so, it might have prevented obvious errors. Here are some examples of the errors. THE SALTER FAMILY 1. The programme contained the following statement: ‘George’s father [William] had six sisters and two brothers. But every one of them left Ireland by April 1922.
    [Show full text]
  • The O'keeffes of Glenough by Robert O'keeffe Nora O'keeffe Was Born In
    The O’Keeffes of Glenough by Robert O’Keeffe Nora O’Keeffe was born in Glenough, Rossmore Co. Tipperary in 1885, and was one of 12 children. The family were steeped in the nationalist tradition and her father, Dan, was a Nationalist Justice of Peace and a respected nationalist figure locally. There are uncorroborated stories of involvement in the Fenian outbreak of 1867 (Fr Denis Matthew O’Keeffe’s history). Nora emigrated to the US in 1909 and worked as a typist/stenographer. She appears to have returned to Ireland in 1918/9 along with her brother Patrick. During her time in the US she appears to have met Margaret Skinnider with whom it is thought she had a life long same sex relationship. (McAuliffe) She became active with Cumann na mBan and was among those listed in Bureau of Military History statements as having dispersed the gelignite from the Sologheadbeg ambush across the Brigade area. The younger members of the family seem to have immersed themselves in the national struggle at this time. This was probably due in no small part to the presence in the locality of staunch Republicans such as Fr Matt Ryan of Knockavilla, Eamonn O’Duibhir of Ballagh and the Irish teacher, Padraig Breathnach. The house at Glenough was used as a safe house and also played host to brigade meetings. The “Big Four” of Robinson, Breen, Treacy and Hogan were regular visitors as was Ernie O’Malley. O’Malley mentions the family in his autobiography “On another man’s wound” and also in his book “Raids and Rallies”.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Collins: Patriot Hero Or 41 Counterrevolutionary? Kieran Allen
    Michael Collins: patriot hero or 41 counterrevolutionary? Kieran Allen ichael Collins is a Fine Gael hero. Each year its auxiliary forces in Ireland. One of the most famous young Fine Gael members from across the episodes of the Irish War of Independence was the country travel to Béal na Bláth in County Cork elimination of The Cairo Gang. This was an elite unit where Collins was killed by republican forces who were formed by British military intelligence with Mon August 22 1922 during the Civil War. The annual the aim of assassinating republican leaders. They commemoration for Collins features Fine Gael luminaries arrived in Ireland in September 1920 and within weeks or those who share their outlook. In 2018, for example, shot dead a republican activist from Limerick, John the current Minister for Agriculture, Michael Creed, Lynch, as he lay in his bed. They also came close to got carried away with himself and referred to the site of killing Dan Breen and Sean Tracy, the instigators of the Collins’ execution as a ‘Gaelic Calvary’.1 Having recovered Soloheadbeg attack that set off the War of Independence. from this emotional spasm, he went on, like most of his Michael Collins had established his own squad of armed Fine Gael predecessors, to make a banal speech about operatives within the republican forces and gave the current Irish political life, laced with odd quotes from orders for the execution of the Cairo Gang. One of his Collins himself. Fine Gael’s cult of Collins also includes biographers, James MacKay takes up the story.
    [Show full text]
  • Secret Societies and the Easter Rising
    Dominican Scholar Senior Theses Student Scholarship 5-2016 The Power of a Secret: Secret Societies and the Easter Rising Sierra M. Harlan Dominican University of California https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.HIST.ST.01 Survey: Let us know how this paper benefits you. Recommended Citation Harlan, Sierra M., "The Power of a Secret: Secret Societies and the Easter Rising" (2016). Senior Theses. 49. https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.HIST.ST.01 This Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Dominican Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Dominican Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POWER OF A SECRET: SECRET SOCIETIES AND THE EASTER RISING A senior thesis submitted to the History Faculty of Dominican University of California in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts in History by Sierra Harlan San Rafael, California May 2016 Harlan ii © 2016 Sierra Harlan All Rights Reserved. Harlan iii Acknowledgments This paper would not have been possible without the amazing support and at times prodding of my family and friends. I specifically would like to thank my father, without him it would not have been possible for me to attend this school or accomplish this paper. He is an amazing man and an entire page could be written about the ways he has helped me, not only this year but my entire life. As a historian I am indebted to a number of librarians and researchers, first and foremost is Michael Pujals, who helped me expedite many problems and was consistently reachable to answer my questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy and Change the 1920 Local Elections in Ireland
    Democracy and Change The 1920 Local Elections in Ireland Local Government Archivists and Records Managers in association with the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government Democracy and Change The 1920 Local Elections in Ireland Local Government Archivists and Records Managers in association with the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government Published by the Department of Planning, Housing and Local Government © Local Government Archivists and Records Managers [September 2020] Text and images provided by members of the Local Government Archivists and Records Managers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Designed by: Yellowstone Cover image: Crowds at rally in Westland Row, Dublin, following the release of prisoners 1917. Image courtesy of the National Library of Ireland. ISBN: 978-0-95084-702-7 Democracy and Change ǀ The 1920 Local Elections in Ireland Table of Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 3 The value of local archives 5 Acknowledgements 6 Background 8 Local government reform 13 Proportional Representation 18 Introduction of Proportional Representation to Ireland 19 January 1920 election – borough and urban councils 27 May and June 1920 election – county and rural district councils 36 Women and the 1920 local election 45 1920-1925 Local government during an unstable period 49 Some notable figures of the 1920 local elections 54 Endnotes 58 Recommended reading 59 Web links to articles 59 Newspapers 60 Publications 60 Appendix 1 Results of the county council elections in June 1920 as transcribed from the Freeman’s Journal, 12 June 1920 61 Appendix 2 List of local authority archives services in Ireland 64 First meeting of Cork City Council following the 1920 local election.
    [Show full text]
  • War of Independence Online Resources
    Topic Researchers Online resource General War of Independence https://erinascendantwordpress.wordpress.com/category/irish-war-of-independence/ https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/century/the-revolution-files https://www.scoilnet.ie/go-to-post-primary/collections/senior-cycle/decade-of-centenaries/the-war-of- independence/ https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/irelands-unhappy-new-year-1920-begins-in-violence- and-disorder Decade of Centenaries | Ulster 1885 - 1925 | Timeline https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes Catalogue - National Library of Ireland 1. Frongoch Prison https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/ frongoch-a-day-in-the-life https://www.museum.ie/The-Collections/Frongoch- and-1916 2. The first Dáil Eireann https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/century/ a-date-with-destiny-the-centenary-of-the-first- d%C3%A1il-1.3762550 https://www.dail100.ie/en http://www.generalmichaelcollins.com/life-times/ rebellion/the-first-dail-1919/ 3. Lincoln Prison https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/eamon-de- valera-prison-escape 4. Soloheadbeg Ambush https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/century/ soloheadbeg-the-fatal-shots-that-ignited-the-war-of- independence-1.3761334 https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/century/ the-revolution-files/tipperary-1919-the-woman-who- hid-dan-breen-after-soloheadbeg- ambush-1.4036615 5. Informants and Spies http://www.generalmichaelcollins.com/life-times/ rebellion/intelligence-war/ https://www.historyireland.com/volume-25/issue-3- mayjune-2017/spies-informers-beware/ https://stairnaheireann.net/2018/03/12/an- intelligence-card-from-the-irish-war-of- independence/ 6. Knocklong Ambush Knocklong ambush, on May 13th, 1919 involved a 14-minute gun battle Two RIC men killed in ambush in Knocklong | Century Ireland https://stairnaheireann.net/2017/05/13/otd-in-1919- dan-breen-and-sean-treacy-rescue-their-comrade- sean-hogan-from-a-dublin-cork-train-at-knocklong- co-limerick/ 7.
    [Show full text]
  • BULLOCH and STOBO IRVINE of CULTS
    A HISTORY and GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILIES OF BULLOCH and STOBO AND OF IRVINE of CULTS By Dr. J. G. B. BULLOCH PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY CHANCELLOR AND HISTORIAN OF ORDER OF WASHINGTON EX-CHANCELLOR OF ARYAN ORDER CHIEF REGENT OF IMPERIAL ORuER 01' YELLOW ROSE MEMBER OF SONS OF REVOLUTION OF GEORGIA EX-PRESIDENT OF SONS OF REVOLUTION OF FLORIDA .Author of The Bulloch Family and Copncctions; The Family of Bellinger and Deveaux and other Southern Families; The Stewart, Elliott and Dunwody Families; Baillie of Dunain; The Habersham and other Southern Families; Biographical .Sketch of Hon. Archibald Bulloch and other Articles; f.lf vcral Stories and M cdical and Sanitary A rticlcs. PREFACE. The study of genealogy and the compilation of articles on family history can be made very interesting if the genealogist looks upon himself not only as such but as an historian and scientist, for I maintain that the study of genealogy is not the mere tabulating of a lot of names, but embraces the study of history, eugenics-eugenics which of course takes into consideration not only heredity, peculiarities, and disease in­ cident thereto, but also enables one to compile a true history of events. Therefore the college and university should have a chair devoted to this study. We all know that one who merely takes a birdseye view of a battle can only see the general trend of the conflict, but that he who visits all parts of the field can study the salient features of the conflict and the parts taken by the individual and can deduce therefrom the reason why the enemy has been successful or has met defeat.
    [Show full text]
  • History on Your Doorstep
    History on your Doorstep Volume 3 Commemorative edition marking the centenary of Bloody Sunday, 21 November 1920 by Liz Gilis and Dublin City Council's Historians in Residence James Curry, Cormac Moore, Mary Muldowney & Catherine Scuffi l Edited by Tara Doyle and Cormac Moore History on your Doorstep Volume 3 Commemorative edition marking the centenary of Bloody Sunday, 21 November 1920 by Liz Gillis and Dublin City Council's Historians in Residence James Curry, Cormac Moore, Mary Muldowney and Catherine Scuffil Edited by Tara Doyle and Cormac Moore Dublin City Council 2020 Decade of Commemorations Publications Series First published 2020 by Dublin City Council c/o Dublin City Libraries 138-144 Pearse Street Dublin 2 www.dublincity.ie © Dublin City Council Designed by Fine Print Printed by Fine Print ISBN 978-0-9500512-8-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmied, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior wrien permission of the copyright owner. Table of Contents 5 Foreword, Lord Mayor of Dublin, Hazel Chu 6 About the Authors 9 ‘We have Murder by the Throat’: Bloody Sunday 21 November 1920 Liz Gillis, Historian and Author 21 Croke Park on Bloody Sunday, 21 November 1920 Cormac Moore, Historian in Residence, Dublin North Central 33 Bloody Sunday 1920 in the Press Mary Muldowney, Historian in Residence, Central Area 43 Dick McKee: ‘A Famous Finglas Patriot’ James Curry, Historian in Residence, Dublin North West 55 Aer Bloody Sunday…Murders, Raids and Roundups Catherine Scuffil, Dublin South Central and South East Areas 3 Foreword So many of us love the history of our local area; we feel connected to the city we live in by reading stories of its past.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the GAA from Cú Chulainn to Shefflin Education Department, GAA Museum, Croke Park How to Use This Pack Contents
    Primary School Teachers Resource Pack A History of The GAA From Cú Chulainn to Shefflin Education Department, GAA Museum, Croke Park How to use this Pack Contents The GAA Museum is committed to creating a learning 1 The GAA Museum for Primary Schools environment and providing lifelong learning experiences which are meaningful, accessible, engaging and stimulating. 2 The Legend of Cú Chulainn – Teacher’s Notes The museum’s Education Department offers a range of learning 3 The Legend of Cú Chulainn – In the Classroom resources and activities which link directly to the Irish National Primary SESE History, SESE Geography, English, Visual Arts and 4 Seven Men in Thurles – Teacher’s Notes Physical Education Curricula. 5 Seven Men in Thurles – In the Classroom This resource pack is designed to help primary school teachers 6 Famous Matches: Bloody Sunday 1920 – plan an educational visit to the GAA Museum in Croke Park. The Teacher’s Notes pack includes information on the GAA Museum primary school education programme, along with ten different curriculum 7 Famous Matches: Bloody Sunday 1920 – linked GAA topics. Each topic includes teacher’s notes and In the Classroom classroom resources that have been chosen for its cross 8 Famous Matches: Thunder and Lightning Final curricular value. This resource pack contains everything you 1939 – Teacher’s Notes need to plan a successful, engaging and meaningful visit for your class to the GAA Museum. 9 Famous Matches: Thunder and Lightning Final 1939 – In the Classroom Teacher’s Notes 10 Famous Matches: New York Final 1947 – Teacher’s Notes provide background information on an Teacher’s Notes assortment of GAA topics which can be used when devising a lesson plan.
    [Show full text]