Name That Gymnosperm

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A B C D This tree is found frequently This evergreen is found throughout This species is found at drier and This Wyoming tree is a remnant of throughout the eastern half of the state. The species is known for lower elevations compared to some the last ice age and is found exclu- Wyoming ranging from the Black often having serotinous cones that of the other trees pictured. This tree sively in the Black Hills of Wyoming Hills to the Laramie Mountains and only open to release seeds when the shares its name with the town in and South Dakota. It grows at higher the Bighorns. The tree is known cone is heated. Once the limbs are central Wyoming. elevations along riparian or wet areas for its ability to withstand the heat removed, this tree makes an excel- in its native habitat. of wildfires because of its thick, lent pole for teepees because of its reddish-colored bark. long, slender trunk. NAME THAT GYMNOSPERM Wyoming is host to many conifer (gymnosperm or “naked in hot, dry, and low elevations while others are found in cold and seed” plants including conifer, cycads, and ginkos) tree species. high elevations. Cones are an excellent tool that can be used for The cones in this quiz and their parent trees are found at different identification of evergreens. Match the tree to the photo. Good geographical locations across the Cowboy State. Some are found luck and keep an eye out for these trees this year! E F G H Known for having extremely flexible This species is probably better known This tree is found in most high- This tree grows at high elevations limbs, this tree is often found brav- as an ornamental in Wyoming but is elevation forests of Wyoming. and also can be found in a ing Wyoming’s brutal wind growing also a native growing in small popula- Blowing snow and ice at high Krummholz formation given the on bare, rocky outcroppings. tions near or in wet areas in western elevations carves the tree into a right conditions. The sap of this tree Wyoming. It looks similar to the cone Krummholz form – a low-growing was sometimes used as a gum by in picture G but is distinguished by bonsai shape. American Indian tribes. longer cones than its cousin. Blue spruce, G. Engelmann spruce, H. Sub-alpine fir. Sub-alpine H. spruce, Engelmann G. spruce, Blue . F pine, imber L E. spruce, White D. fir, Douglas C. pine, odgepole L B. pine, Ponderosa . A 22 BARNYARDS & BACKYARDS.

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Common Name Scientific Name Comments Evergreen Trees
Common Name Scientific Name Height* Spread Native Fall Color Ornamental Bark Flowering Wind Tolerant Tolerant Salt Well Drained Soil Moist Soil Full Sun Partial Sun Shade Comments Evergreen Trees Austrian Pine Pinus nigra 60' 30' x x x Vigerous, dark green needles (Behind Brenner's Castle Hill parking lot) Blue Spruce Picea pungens 60 30 x x Slow growing, bluish tint to needles English Laurel Prunus laurocerasus 10' 15' x x x x x x Good hedge.Dark green waxy leaves. (Corner Observatory & Seward St) Holly Ilex species 10' 10' x x Beautiful foliage and berries. Need male & female (City Hall west side) Lodgepole Pine (Bull Pine) Pinus contorta 35' 35' x x x x x x Fast growing, good for containers, screening (Crescent Park by picnic shelters) Mountain Hemlock Tsuga mertensiana 30' 15' x x x x x x x x Good for slopes, rock gardens, containers. Slow growing. (Wells Fargo parking lot) Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis 100' 50' x x x x x Prone to aphids. Prolific, native of SE Alaska Western Hemlock Tsuga heterophylla 100 50 x x x x x x Fast growing. Can be pruned into a hedge (SJ Campus -Jeff Davis St.) Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata 80' 40' x x Beautiful foliage. Interesting bark. Subalpine Fir Abies lasiocarpa 100' 20' x Beautiful conical form. (Two across from Market Center parking lot.) Noble Fir Abies procera 100' 30' x Dark green, fast growing, beautiful large specimens at 1111 HPR Siberian Spruce Picea Omorika 20' 4' x x x Blue-green foliage. 'Bruns' at Moller Field, 'Weeping Brun's' at BIHA office Japanese White Pine Pinus parviflora 6' 3' x x Negishi' at Moller Field with blue-green foliage Korean Fir Abies koreana 15' 10' x x Horstmann's silberlocke' at Moller Field; silver foliage Western White Pine Pinus monticola 60' 20' x x x Fast growing, conical form (Fine Arts Camp Rasmusen Center, Lake St.
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Chapter 24 Gymnosperms THE MESOZOIC: ERA OF GYMNOSPERM DOMINANCE THE VASCULAR SYSTEM OF GYMNOSPERMS CYCADS GINKGO CONIFERS Pinaceae Include the Pines, Firs, and Spruces Cupressaceae Include the Junipers, Cypresses, and Redwoods Taxaceae Include the Yews, but Plum Yews Belong to Cephalotaxaceae Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae Are Largely Southern Hemisphere Conifers THE LIFE CYCLE OF PINUS, A REPRESENTATIVE GYMNOSPERM Pollen and Ovules Are Produced in Different Kinds of Structures Pollination Replaces the Need for Free Water Fertilization Leads to Seed Formation GNETOPHYTES GYMNOSPERMS: SEEDS, POLLEN, AND WOOD THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF GYMNOSPERMS The Origin of Seeds, Pollen, and Wood Seeds and Pollen Are Key Reproductive SUMMARY Innovations for Life on Land Seed Plants Have Distinctive Vegetative PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE Features ENVIRONMENT: The California Coast Relationships among Gymnosperms Redwood Forest 1 KEY CONCEPTS 1. The evolution of seeds, pollen, and wood freed plants from the need for water during reproduction, allowed for more effective dispersal of sperm, increased parental investment in the next generation and allowed for greater size and strength. 2. Seed plants originated in the Devonian period from a group called the progymnosperms, which possessed wood and heterospory, but reproduced by releasing spores. Currently, five lineages of seed plants survive--the flowering plants plus four groups of gymnosperms: cycads, Ginkgo, conifers, and gnetophytes. Conifers are the best known and most economically important group, including pines, firs, spruces, hemlocks, redwoods, cedars, cypress, yews, and several Southern Hemisphere genera. 3. The pine life cycle is heterosporous. Pollen strobili are small and seasonal. Each sporophyll has two microsporangia, in which microspores are formed and divide into immature male gametophytes while still retained in the microsporangia.
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Fluorescent Band Pattern of Chromosomes in Pseudolarix Amabilis, Pinaceae
© 2015 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 80(2): 151–157 Fluorescent Band Pattern of Chromosomes in Pseudolarix amabilis, Pinaceae Masahiro Hizume* Faculty of Education, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790–8577, Japan Received October 27, 2014; accepted November 18, 2014 Summary Pseudolarix amabilis belongs to one of three monotypic genera in Pinaceae. This species had 2n=44 chromosomes in somatic cells and its karyotype was composed of four long submetacentric chromosomes and 40 short telocentric chromosomes that varied gradually in length, supporting previous reports by conventional staining. The chromosomes were stained sequentially with the fluorochromes, chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). CMA- bands appeared on 12 chromosomes at near terminal region and proximal region. DAPI-bands appeared at centromeric terminal regions of all 40 telocentric chromosomes. The fluorescent-banded karyotype of this species was compared with those of other Pinaceae genera considering taxonomical treatment and molecular phylogenetic analyses reported. On the basis of the fluorescent-banded karyotype, the relationship between Pseudolarix amabilis and other Pinaceae genera was discussed. Key words Chromomycin, Chromosome, DAPI, Fluorescent banding, Pinaceae, Pseudolarix amabilis. In Pinaceae, 11 genera with about 220 species are distinguished and grow mostly in the Northern Hemisphere (Farjon 1990). Most genera are evergreen trees, and only Larix and Pseudolarix are deciduous. Pinus is the largest genus in species number, and Cathaya, Nothotsuga and Pseudolarix are monotypic genera. The taxonomy of Pinaceae with 11 genera is complicated, having some problems in species or variety level. Several higher taxonomic treatments were reported on the base of anatomy and morphology such as resin canal in the vascular cylinder, seed scale, position of mature cones, male strobili in clusters from a single bud, and molecular characters in base sequences of several DNA regions.
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3. Canary Islands and the Laurel Forest 13
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Category 1: Large Evergreen Trees
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A Global Analysis of the Distribution and Conservation Status Of
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