Ribbon of Green Historical Resources Overview

RIBBON of GREEN

HISTORICAL RESOURCES OVERVIEW: Cultural Assessment of Study Areas 1 and 2 November 2017 Prepared for City of Edmonton

Prepared by Western Heritage O2 Planning + Design Inc.

CREDITS

The project personnel gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ms. Rachelle Dillon and Dr. Omair Chaudhry in ensuring timely completion of the project. Mr. Jeff Werner conducted the archaeological and historical site search at Alberta Culture and Tourism on behalf of Western Heritage. Thank you also to the staff at Alberta Culture and Tourism, particularly Ms. Caroline Hudecek- Cuffe, Archaeologist at the Archaeological Survey and Mr. Aaron Wilson, Aboriginal Consultation Advisor, Aboriginal Heritage Section, for their assistance with ensuring that our assessment and recommendations were in line with current regulatory requirements and the principles of due diligence.

NOTE: This is an abridged version of the original document

PROJECT MANAGEMENT GIS Krista Gilliland, Ph.D. Petr Kurzybov, M.A. Lindsey Knapp, B.A., C.G.T.

PROJECT SETUP REPORT AUTHORS Krista Gilliland Krista Gilliland Kathy Finnigan Jane Gibson, B.A. Jim Finnigan, M.A. Petr Kurzybov Peter Stewart, M.A. E AND O REVIEW Terrance Gibson, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 2

CONTEXT 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL HISTORY 3 FIRST NATIONS AND EURO-CANADIAN SETTLEMENT 4

METHODS 11 METHODS: KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 11 METHODS: UNKNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 12 METHODS: HISTORIC SITES 13

RESULTS 15 RESULTS: KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 19 RESULTS: UNKNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 31 RESULTS: HISTORIC SITES 44 NARRATIVE SUMMARY: HISTORIC SITES 67

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 72

REFERENCES 73

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCES FOR NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF HISTORIC SITES 75

RIBBON OF GREEN: HISTORIC RESOURCE OVERVIEW OF STUDY AREAS 1 & 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Western Heritage, as part of the Ribbon of Green (ROG) consulting team led by O2 Planning + Design, undertook a desktop-based assessment of the historic resources within the ROG Study Areas 1 and 2 project footprint and an adjacent 100 metre (m) buffer zone. As part of this assessment, we also made recommendations regarding levels of future use and potential developmental impacts, as related to the historic resources (known or unknown) within a particular area. These recommendations were made in alignment with the Land Management Units categories outlined in previous ROG studies.

The methods employed in this analysis included a review of previously published consultant’s reports, research, maps, LiDAR, and online resources, in addition to a review of selected archaeological and historic site forms on file at Alberta Culture and Tourism. Evaluations of archaeological potential, interpretive value, and recommendations regarding acceptable possible future impacts and interpretive media were made based on professional judgment, upon consideration of the available consulted resources. To ensure the recommendations are in alignment with regulatory approvals, a draft was submitted to staff at the Archaeological Survey and Aboriginal Heritage Section, both of whom subsequently approved of the recommendations.

A total of 101 known archaeological resources, 32 historic sites, and 2 contemporary sites considered to be of cultural significance are present within the ROG study areas discussed in this report. In all, there were 160 zones of archaeological potential were defined as a means of estimating the likely presence of unknown archaeological resources within the ROG footprint and buffer, and of these, 137 were considered to be of high archaeological potential.

This report begins with a brief discussion of the physical and archaeological context of the (ROG), followed by an overview of the methods used to conduct the desktop reviews of the archaeological and historical sites within the ROG footprint. The results of this study are summarized in tabular form in this report and in the accompanying geodatabase, and are also presented spatially in the accompanying geodatabase.

The recommendations and comments presented in this report are those of the authors and are subject to evaluation by Historic Resources Management Branch (HRMB) archaeologists at Alberta Culture and Tourism (ACT). Despite Western Heritage’s thorough desktop overview, fortuitous discovery of historic resources may occur during the construction phase of any proposed development within any portion of the ROG footprint or buffer zone. In these cases, the discovery of historic resources should be reported immediately to ACT and the City of Edmonton’s Indigenous Relations Office, to determine strategies for on-site assessment. In the event that human remains or suspected human remains are encountered, the local RCMP detachment must be contacted immediately, in addition to City of Edmonton’s Indigenous Relations Office.

This report has been reviewed and approved by the senior archaeologist whose signature is below

Terrance Gibson, Ph.D. April 21, 2017

Historical Resources Overview | 1 INTRODUCTION

Heritage resources are among the key elements that connect people with places, by providing a sense of past cultures within the landscape, changes that occurred over time, and ways in which the present relates to the past. An understanding of the heritage resources that are present within the Ribbon of Green footprint is thus a fundamental aspect of enabling Edmontonians to engage with the City’s parks and green spaces. Effective planning for the future of the Ribbon of Green area also requires knowledge regarding the appropriate management of known and unknown historic resources within the project footprint. To address this need, in early 2017 Western Heritage, as part of the Ribbon of Green consulting team led by O2 Planing + Design, undertook a desktop-based assessment of the historic resources within the project footprint and an adjacent 100 metre (m) buffer zone. As part of this assessment, we also made recommendations regarding levels of future use and potential developmental impacts, as related to the historic resources (known or unknown) within a particular area. These recommendations were made in alignment with the Land Management Units categories outlined in previous Ribbon of Green studies (e.g. Edmonton Parks and Recreation 1992:38).

This report begins with a brief discussion of the physical and archaeological context of the Ribbon of Green (ROG), followed by an overview of the methods used to conduct the desktop reviews of the archaeological and historical sites within the ROG footprint. The results of this study are summarized in tabular form in this report and in the accompanying geodatabase, and are also presented spatially in the accompanying geodatabase

2 | Ribbon of Green CONTEXT

The current Ribbon of Green (ROG) project area lies within the City of Edmonton, in the Central Parkland Natural Region of Alberta (Natural Regions Committee 2006), and encompasses portions of the North Saskatchewan River valley and several valleys of its smaller tributaries (Figure 1). Tables 1 and 2 list the legal land descriptions and Historic Resources Values (HRVs, as determined by the Historic Resources Management Branch [HRMB] of Alberta Culture and Tourism [ACT]) of lands within the ROG project footprint.

The sections that follow provide a brief overview of the archaeological history of the Edmonton region, followed by the history of First Nations and Euro-Canadian Settlement in the area.

Archaeological History

This section provides an overview of the archaeological history of Alberta, and is not intended to summarize the details of this complex and still relatively under-researched subject, which is addressed in more detail in several other sources (e.g. Brink 2008; Brink and Dormaar 2003; Kooyman and Kelley 2004; Peck 2011; Reeves 1969, 1983; Vickers 1986). Rather, this brief summary is provided as context for the results of this study. Human occupation of northern Alberta began after the glaciers retreated from the area, about 10,000 years ago. Evidence for this early occupation period is sparse, but current thinking is that people may have followed the ice sheet retreat northwards, moving from the south between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago. People continued to move into the central and northern parts of Alberta as the post-glacial environmental and landscape conditions became more favourable for habitation (Royal Alberta Museum 2011).

The history of human occupation of the area that is now Alberta has been divided into periods. Delineation of the periods prior to the arrival of Europeans is based primarily on projectile point style and size, which reflect changes to hunting technology over time, from spear to dart to arrow. These technological changes correspond to the Early (approximately 11,050-7500 years before present [y BP]), Middle (7500 to 1500 y BP), and Late (1500 to 300 y BP) Periods (respectively) of the history of ancestral First Nations on the Alberta Plains (see Peck 2011:3). The arrival of Europeans introduced additional technologies and trade goods. This period of indirect or direct contact between indigenous peoples and Europeans, as evidenced from the artifact record, is termed in the literature as the “Protohistoric” period, and extends from about 300 to the period of permanent European settlement (the “Historic” period).

Historical Resources Overview | 3 First Nations and Euro-Canadian Settlement The archaeological record in the Edmonton region suggests that people were occupying the area along the banks of the North Saskatchewan by at least 5000 years ago (i.e. the Prosser and Strathcona sites; Huck and Whiteway 1998:244-251). However, although there continues to be debate over when the northern Alberta landscape became habitable, in general it is thought that people inhabited the region some time during the early postglacial period, about 10,000 years before present (y BP), following the retreat of glacial ice (Royal Alberta Museum 2011b). Currently, the Edmonton area is understood to be within the traditional territories of several First Nations groups, including the Plains and Woodland Cree, Stoney, Saulteaux, Dene, Nakota-Sioux, Tsuu T’ina, and Blackfoot, as well as the homeland of the Métis (Native- Land 2017). The first documented European to enter the Edmonton area was Anthony Henday, an employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company; he arrived in the area in 1755 (Macleod 2004).

The fur trade involved a variety of people from different groups, including Indigenous traders as well as those of Euro- Canadian descent. By the late 1790’s, the North West Company (NWC) and Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) established a number of fortified trading posts in the region, with Fort Augustus (NWC) on the Sturgeon River near Fort Saskatchewan being one of the most long-lived. Fort Edmonton became one of the region’s primary fur trading centres in 1821 after the two companies merged. Fort Edmonton fell into disuse after the HBC surrendered its rights to Rupert’s Land, in 1870 (Smith and Sholdice 2014).

First Nations groups were displaced into four “Indian Reserves” in the Edmonton region by the Canadian Government. This encouraged the permanent Euro-Canadian settlement of the Edmonton region in the period that followed the signing of Treaty 6, which was signed at Fort Carlton and Fort Pitt in 1876 after negotiations with the Plains and Woodland Cree, Assiniboine, Saulteaux and Chipewyan of Alberta and central Saskatchewan (Goldi Productions Ltd. 2007). There are currently 17 Alberta First Nations communities under Treaty 6 (Government of Canada 2014; Montana First Nation 2002). The First Nations communities closest to Edmonton include the Alexander First Nation (located about 20 km north of Edmonton), the Enoch Cree Nation (located in the Enoch area, on the west side of Edmonton), Paul Band (located in the Wabamun area, west of Edmonton), Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation (located about 50 km northwest of Edmonton), the Ermineskin Cree Nation, the Louis Bull Tribe, the Montana First Nation, and the Samson Cree Nation (all located about 90 km south of Edmonton in the Maskwacis area).

There is a history of the Métis in the wider Edmonton region; for example, the Métis river lots along the Sturgeon River in St. Albert, Fort Saskatchewan, and Edmonton Settlement. Further research and interviews with Métis descendants of the area will likely contribute additional information regarding the presence and activities of the Métis within the ROG footprint.

By 1905, Edmonton was connected to a branch of the Canadian Northern Railway, and it had been selected to be the capital of the newly created Province of Alberta. At this time, the Edmonton area was a large agricultural region, and by 1912 had a population of between 50,000 and 75,000. Edmonton continued to be a major agricultural centre until 1941, when it had a population of about 93,800. The economy still relied on trade and transportation as well as on processing agricultural products, especially meat packing. It also became an air transport centre, and during World War II, became a centre for northern military operations and later a centre for servicing and processing the petroleum industry. As the petroleum industry in northern Alberta has expanded, so too has the Edmonton region’s population, which reached 1,159,869 in 2011 (Macleod 2004; Smith and Sholdice 2014).

4 | Ribbon of Green Figure 1: Map showing location of Study Areas 1 and 2 within the Ribbon of Green footprint.

Historical Resources Overview | 5 WH 16-036-01

Table 1: Legal description of lands within Ribbon of Green Study Area 1 (SW) and associated Historic Resources Values (HRV). Table 1. Legal description of lands within Ribbon of Green Study Area 1 (SW) and associated Historic Resources Value (HRV). Lands within Study Area 1 Legal Description HRV Category* MER RGE TWP SEC LSD 4 4 51 28 12-13 5 a 4 4 51 28 4-5,12-13 5 p 4 4 51 29 2-12,14-16 5 a 4 4 51 29 1-16 5 p 4 4 51 30 1 5 a 4 4 51 30 1-2,8 5 p 4 4 51 32 1-2,8-9 5 a 4 4 51 32 1-3,6-10 5 p 4 4 51 32 6 4 a 4 4 51 33 3-7,9-16 5 a 4 4 51 33 3-7,9-16 5 p 4 4 52 3 6,13-14 5 a 4 4 52 3 3-6,11-14 5 p 4 4 52 4 1-2,7-9 5 a 4 4 52 4 1-2,4,7-9,16 5 p 4 4 52 5 13-15 5 a 4 4 52 5 13 5 p 4 4 52 6 16 5 p 4 4 52 8 2,4-7 5 a 4 4 52 8 2-4,8-9,16 5 p 4 4 52 8 3 4 a 4 4 52 9 7-11,14-15 5 a 4 4 52 9 1-2,6-15 5 p 4 4 52 10 3-6,12 5 a 4 4 52 10 3-6,9-12,14-16 5 p 4 4 52 10 15-16 4 a 4 4 51 17 1-3,6-11,13-15 5 a 4 4 51 17 1-3,5-15 5 p 4 4 51 18 9-11,14,16 5 a 4 4 51 18 9,16 5 p 4 4 51 18 15 4 a 4 4 51 19 1-3 5 a 4 4 51 19 16 5 a

HRV of 5 means that Alberta Culture and Tourism (ACT) considers the land to be of high potential to contain an historic resource; an HRV of 4 means that the land contains an historic resource that may require avoidance. (reference: http://www.culturetourism.alberta.ca/ heritage-and-museums/programs-and-services/land-use-planning/docs/listing-instructions-dec-2016.pdf) !5 6 | Ribbon of Green WH 16-036-01

Lands within Study Area 1 Legal Description HRV Category* MER RGE TWP SEC LSD 4 4 51 19 1,7-10,15-16 5 p 4 4 51 20 2-7,10-14 5 a 4 4 52 14 3,6,11-12 5 a 4 4 51 20 2-7,10-14 5 p 4 4 52 14 12 5 a 4 4 52 14 12-13 5 a 4 4 52 14 4-5,12-13 5 p 4 4 52 14 4-5 4 a 4 4 52 15 3,6,11 5 a 4 4 52 15 4-5,16 5 a 4 4 52 15 3,6 5 a 4 4 52 15 3,6,11,14-15 5 a 4 4 52 15 3,6 5 a 4 4 52 15 1-10,16 5 p 4 4 52 15 1-2,7-8 4 a 4 4 52 15 1-2 4 a 4 4 52 15 2 4 a 4 4 52 15 7-10,16 4 a 4 4 52 16 2-3,6-9 5 a 4 4 52 16 2-3,6-9 5 p 4 4 51 36 1,8-9,16 5 a 4 4 51 29 1-3,5-7,12-14 5 a 4 4 51 36 4,6-7,10,13-15 5 a 4 4 51 29 1-3,5-7,12-14 5 p 4 4 51 31 7-11,13-14 5 a 4 4 51 36 1-2,7-10,15-16 5 p 4 4 51 31 7-11,13-14 5 p 4 4 51 32 3-5 5 a 4 4 51 32 3-5 5 p 4 4 52 1 1-2,6-11,13-15 5 a 4 4 52 1 1-2,6-11,13-15 5 p 4 4 51 24 13 5 a 4 4 51 24 11-12,14 5 a 4 4 51 24 13 5 p 4 4 51 24 13 4 a 4 4 51 25 3-4,6,11,13 5 a

Historical Resources Overview | 7 WH 16-036-01

Lands within Study Area 1 Legal Description HRV Category* MER RGE TWP SEC LSD 4 4 51 25 3-4,6,11,13 5 a 4 4 51 25 3-4 5 a 4 4 51 25 6,11,13 5 a 4 4 51 25 16 5 a 4 4 51 25 10-11,13,15 5 a 4 4 51 25 10-11,13,15 5 a 4 4 51 25 6,11,13 5 a 4 4 51 25 4-6,10-16 5 p 4 4 51 25 12 4 a 4 4 51 25 12 4 a 4 4 51 25 14 4 a 4 4 51 25 5,12 4 a 4 4 51 25 14 4 a 4 4 51 25 5,12 4 a 4 4 51 26 1 5 a 4 4 51 26 1,7-8,10,15-16 5 a 4 4 51 26 1,8,16 5 a 4 4 51 26 1,8-9 5 p 4 4 51 36 1,8-9,16 5 a 4 4 51 36 4,6-7,10,13-15 5 a 4 4 51 36 2,4,6-7 5 a 4 4 51 36 1-2,7-10,15-16 5 p 4 4 51 15 5,9-10,15-16 5 a 4 4 51 15 9,15-16 5 p 4 4 51 22 1 5 a 4 4 51 22 1 5 p 4 4 51 23 9,16 5 a 4 4 51 23 4-6,10-12,14-15 5 a 4 4 51 23 4-6,9-12,14-16 5 p 4 4 51 20 10-11,15 5 a 4 4 51 20 10-11,15 5 p 4 4 51 29 1-3,5-7,12-14 5 a 4 4 51 29 1-3,5-7,12-14 5 p *a=archaeological; p=palaeontological

8 | Ribbon of Green

!7 WH 16-036-01

Table 2: Legal description of lands within Ribbon of Green Study Area 2 (NE) and associated Historic Resources Values (HRV). Table 2. Legal description of lands within Ribbon of Green Study Area 2 (NE) and associated Historic Resources Value (HRV). Lands within Study Area 2 Legal Description HRV Category* MER RGE TWP SEC LSD 4 23 53 15 13 5 a 4 23 53 16 15-16 5 a 4 23 53 17 4-5,12-13 5 a 4 23 53 17 4-5,12-13 5 p 4 23 54 3 4-5 5 a 4 23 53 18 1-2,8 5 a 4 23 54 4 3,6-8 5 a 4 23 54 4 1-2 4 a 4 23 54 14 9-11,13-16 5 a 4 23 53 18 1-2,8 5 p 4 23 53 19 1,3,6-8 5 a 4 23 53 19 2,9,16 5 a 4 23 53 19 1,3,6-8 5 a 4 23 53 19 1-5,8-9,16 5 p 4 23 53 20 4-5 5 a 4 23 53 20 4-5 5 p 4 23 53 21 2,7-8 5 a 4 23 53 21 1 4 a 4 23 53 22 4-5 5 a 4 23 53 27 2-10,16 5 a 4 23 53 27 2-10,16 5 p 4 23 53 28 6-8,11-12 5 a 4 23 53 28 6-8,11-12 5 p 4 23 53 29 4-6,9-12 5 a 4 23 53 29 4-6,9-12 5 p 4 23 53 33 14-16 5 a 4 23 53 34 13 5 a 4 23 53 15 13 5 a 4 23 53 16 15-16 5 a 4 23 53 17 4-5,12-13 5 a 4 23 53 17 4-5,12-13 5 p 4 23 54 3 4-5 5 a 4 23 53 18 1-2,8 5 a 4 23 54 4 3,6-8 5 a

Lands within Study Area 2 Legal Description HRV Category* MER RGE TWP SEC LSD 4 23 54 4 1-2 4 a 4 23 54 14 9-11,13-16 5 a 4 23 53 18 1-2,8 5 p 4 23 53 19 1,3,6-8 5 a 4 23 53 19 2,9,16 5 a 4 23 53 19 1,3,6-8 5 a 4 23 53 19 1-5,8-9,16 5 p 4 23 53 20 4-5 5 a 4 23 53 20 4-5 5 p 4 23 53 21 2,7-8 5 a 4 23 53 21 1 4 a 4 23 53 22 4-5 5 a 4 23 53 27 2-10,16 5 a 4 23 53 27 2-10,16 5 p 4 23 53 28 6-8,11-12 5 a 4 23 53 28 6-8,11-12 5 p 4 23 53 29 4-6,9-12 5 a 4 23 53 29 4-6,9-12 5 p 4 23 53 33 14-16 5 a 4 23 53 34 13 5 a *a=archaeological; p=palaeontological

10 | Ribbon of Green

!9 METHODS

Western Heritage undertook the desktop assessment of historical resources by first assembling all available existing sources deemed to be most informative to meet project objectives. These included site search information from the Province of Alberta’s historic resources databases (e.g. the Listing of Historic Resources, Provincial Historical Resources Inventory forms), previously published maps (e.g. Fenton et al. 2013), previously published histories, photographs, archival materials, Google Earth ©2017 satellite imagery, and LiDAR. For the second stage of the assessment, we adopted a three- pronged approach, which aided efficient assessment and evaluation of the known and unknown archaeological sites, and the known historical sites within the ROG footprint and 100 m buffer, as described in the sections below.

These analyses were undertaken for the purposes of: (1) providing an up-to-date inventory of known and unknown archaeological and historical resources within the project footprint and adjacent 100 m buffer; (2) making recommendations for management of the inventoried known and unknown archaeological and historical resources for planning purposes. These recommendations included: (1) any further work to be conducted; (2) whether the resource should be preserved, conserved, or designated as suitable for active/working landscapes, as per the Land Management Planning Unit designations from the previous Ribbon of Green Master Plan (1992) and (3) determining appropriate levels of future disturbance or developmental impacts on the resource, if any.

The resulting data tables for the known archaeological and historical resources were then submitted to Ms. Caroline Hudecek-Cuffe of the Archaeological Survey and Mr. Aaron Wilson of the Aboriginal Heritage Section, both of Alberta Culture and Tourism (ACT), for review. Upon approval by ACT, the results were incorporated into the shapefiles and geodatabases that comprise the primary results of our assessment.

Methods: Known Archaeological Resources

Site data for known archaeological resources were obtained primarily from the results of the site search conducted on behalf of Western Heritage (WH) by Mr. Jeff Werner.

Site points within the ROG footprint were generalized to an area to preserve confidentiality. The City has a data set with 100 m buffers around sites to mitigate any possible errors in locational information due to GPS inaccuracies or records that were created prior to the routine use of GPS in archaeology. These data were plotted using GIS (geographic information systems) shape files, which were later incorporated along with the results of the desktop assessment into a geodatabase format.

Historical Resources Overview | 11 WH 16-036-01

TableTable 3: Summary 3 provides of aattributes summary ofdocumented the attributes forthat known were assessed (along with those listed in archaeological3.0, above) sites.and documented for each of the known archaeological sites. Table 3. Summary of attributes documented for known archaeological sites. Information from ACT Information from ACT WH’s analysis WH's recommendations about the Site type according to ACT sites with respect to ROG project Number within Borden block Conventions (No Concerns, Further Study, or Avoidance) Site Environment (limited to the Historical Resources Value (HRV) ACT's shapefile attribute field Notes explaining WH's length) recommendations Recommended Policy direction Site description as summarized pertinent to O2's objectives Research Permit number from ACT site form information (Preservation, Conservation, or Active/workingExtensive Use) landscapes) Regulatory requirements for the Name of the site (not always sites, interpreted from Historic Explanation of recommended by assigned) Resource Value (HRV) WH policy directions Explanation of the regulatory WH's judgment about acceptable Legal Description requirements as interpreted from level of impact in the site areas HRV (None, Low, Moderate, or High) Site class acording to ACT Notes about level of acceptable Conventions impact

Methods:3.2 Methods: Unknown Unknown Archaeological Archaeological Resources Resources The possibility for the presence of unknown archaeological resources within the ROG The possibilityfootprint for andthe presenceadjacent of buffer unknown was archaeological assessed based resources primarily within on the the ROG archaeological potential of footprintlandforms. and adjacent Archaeological buffer was assessed potential based primarilywas evaluated on the archaeological using judgmental potential of criteria such as landforms.distinctiveness Archaeological of potential the landform was evaluated (i.e. using poorly judgmental versus criteria well-defined such as margins), as well as distinctivenessadditional of the previously landform (i.e. recorded poorly versusdata, suchwell-defined as the presence margins), ofas knownwell as archaeological sites in the additionalarea, previously whether recorded ACT had data, designated such as the thepresence lands of as known within archaeological their Significant sites in theSites Listing (SSL), area, whetherand any ACT previous had designated disturbance the lands (e.g. as within cultivation, their Significant industrial Sites activity). Listing (SSL), These evaluations were and anyincorporated previous disturbance into shapefile (e.g. cultivation, data sets industrial that were activity). created These for evaluations the entire were area of the footprint and incorporatedbuffer into zone, shapefile and were data latersets thatincorporated were created along for the with entire the arearesults of the of footprint the desktop and assessment into buffer azone, geodatabase and were later format. incorporated Table 4 alongprovides with athe summary results of ofthe the desktop attributes assessment that were into assessed (along a geodatabasewith those format. listed Table in 4 3.0,provides above) a summary and documented of the attributes for thatthe wereareas assessed containing (along possible unknown with thosearchaeological listed in 3.0, above) sites. and documented for the areas containing possible unknown archaeological sites.

!11

12 | Ribbon of Green WH 16-036-01

Table 4: Summary of attributes documented for areas containing possible unknown archaeological sites. Table 4. Summary of attributes documented for areas containing possible unknown archaeological sites. Zone attributes WH’s analysis WH's evaluation of the area’s potential to contain any Zone ID unrecorded/undiscovered historical resources WH's evaluation of interpretive value of any Study Area within Ribbon of Green Footprint undiscovered historic resources potentially present in the area Notes explaining WH's evaluation of interpretive Association of the area with ACT's defined Significant value of undiscovered historic resources potentially Site Listing designations present in the area WH's judgment about acceptable level of impact in the Previously recorded historical resources in the area areas Number of identified historical resource within the Notes about level of acceptable impact Borden block Previous disturbances observed in the area

3.3 Methods: Historic Sites Methods:Many of the Historic known historic Sites sites within the ROG footprint and buffer have not been previously recorded in the Province’s Historical Resources Inventory. The assessment of Many ofknown the known historic historic sites sites withintherefore the ROG is basedfootprint on and research buffer haveconducted not been using a variety of other previouslysources, recorded including in the Province’s those listed Historical in Resources3.0, above. Inventory. Additional A review sources of the consultedCity of for this project Edmonton’sincluded Inventory local of historic Historic Resourcesmaps obtained listed two from sites the (Ashby Provincial Farms, andArchives Wallbridge and andlocal Imrie history books, Residence)online that resources, were contained and Historicwithin the Resources ROG footprint. Impact The assessmentAssessment of reports,known historic where sites applicable. These thereforeare is notedbased inon theresearch ‘sources’ conducted column using for a eachvariety site, of other as relevant sources, (seeincluding Table those 5). listed in 3.0, above. Additional sources consulted for this project included local historic maps obtained from the The assessment initially included sites that were within about 1 kilometre (km) of the ROG Provincial Archives and local history books, online resources, and Historic Resources Impact boundary, as well as related sites thought to be located further away, so that a more complete Assessment reports, where applicable. These are noted in the ‘sources’ column for each site, as account of historic land use around and beyond the North Saskatchewan River and Whitemud relevant (see Table 5). and Blackmud creeks could be obtained. Also considered in this analysis were historical connections of the study area with Fort Saskatchewan. This wider scope is appropriate for The assessment initially included sites that were within about 1 kilometre (km) of the ROG historic sites, because they exist in living or recently recorded memory, and can in some boundary, as well as related sites thought to be located further away, so that a more complete cases be definitively tied to sites that are physically within the ROG footprint. Archaeological account of historic land use around and beyond the North Saskatchewan River and Whitemud sites may also be connected across the landscape, but it is often more difficult to do so, and Blackmud creeks could be obtained. Also considered in this analysis were historical unless confirmed using additional sources, such as First Nations oral histories and place connections of the study area with Fort Saskatchewan. This wider scope is appropriate for names, or accounts of early explorers. historic sites, because they exist in living or recently recorded memory, and can in some cases beNot definitively all historic tied tosites sites within that are or physically related towithin the the ROG ROG footprint footprint. andArchaeological buffer are listed, as many sites mayappear also be to connected have been across destroyed the landscape, and are but considered it is often more to be difficult of low tointerpretive do so, value. The sites unless confirmedthat are included using additional in the analysissources, such are asthose First thatNations are oralmore histories closely and related place to the physical ROG names, footprintor accounts and of earlybuffer, explorers. and are considered to have increased interpretive potential. For example, significant national or provincial historical sites, sites relevant to Edmonton’s history, Not all historic sites within or related to the ROG footprint and buffer are listed, as many appear to have been destroyed and are considered to be of low interpretive value. The sites that are included in the analysis are those that are more closely related to the physical ROG

Historical Resources Overview!12 | 13 WH 16-036-01 footprint and buffer, and are considered to have increased interpretive potential. For example, significant national or provincial historical sites, sites relevant to Edmonton’s history, unusual events, unique people, structures, and land use. Also considered were sites that were not necessarilyunusual unique events, or significant unique bypeople, themselves, structures, but representative and land use. of local Also economic, considered settlement, were sites that were political,not administrative, necessarily and/or unique social or history.significant by themselves, but representative of local economic, settlement, political, administrative, and/or social history. Site integrity was estimated only using the existing consulted sources, Google Earth ©2017 satellite Site integrity was estimated only using the existing consulted sources, Google Earth ©2017 imagery and LiDAR (where necessary), and in many cases, a site visit will be required to confirm satellite imagery and LiDAR (where necessary), and in many cases, a site visit will be whether any physical remains are left within the ROG footprint. Note that because of this uncertainty, required to confirm whether any physical remains are left within the ROG footprint. Note the recommended policy direction and level of acceptable future impact on the sites is an estimate that because of this uncertainty, the recommended policy direction and level of acceptable only, and to that end, errs on the side of caution. These estimates can be updated upon the results of future impact on the sites is an estimate only, and to that end, errs on the side of caution. site visits and/or further research, as noted in the Results tables. That said, historic sites were included These estimates can be updated upon the results of site visits and/or further research, as noted in our analysis, even when there may not be any physical remains left, because these sites can be tied in the Results tables. That said, historic sites were included in our analysis, even when there to living or recorded memory, and have interpretive value. may not be any physical remains left, because these sites can be tied to living or recorded Tablememory, 5: Summary and have of attributesinterpretive documentedvalue. for known historic sites. Table 5. Summary of attributes documented for known historic sites. Site attributes as summarized from consulted WH’s analysis sources Site name (names are not always assigned) Interpretive potential (High, Moderate, Low)

Legal description Notes on interpretive potential Address or location description WH's recommendations about the sites with respect to ROG project (No Concerns, Further Study, or Avoidance) Brief summary of information about the site Notes explaining WH's recommendations

Site themes (for interpretive purposes) Recommended policy direction pertinent to O2's objectives (Preservation, Conservation, or Extensive Active/workingUse) landscapes) Primary period(s) in use WH’s explanation of recommendation on policy direction Existing remains WH's judgment about acceptable level of impact in the site areas (None, Low, Moderate, or High) Notes about level of acceptable impact WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium

List of Sources Consulted

14 | Ribbon of Green

!13 RESULTS

The complete results of our analyses are presented in the geodatabases that accompany this report. Below is a summary of the key findings of the desktop assessment of known and unknown archaeological resources, followed by a narrative summary of historic sites within the two ROG study areas.

Figure 2: Key map to locate SW Archaeological Resources (Known and Unknown)

Historical Resources Overview | 15 16 | Ribbon of Green Figure 3: Key map to locate NE Archaeological Resources (Known and Unknown)

Historical Resources Overview | 17 18 | Ribbon of Green Results: Known Archaeological Resources

There are 101 known archaeological resources present within the ROG study areas that are discussed in this report. Of these, 86 are sites with an Historic Resource Value (HRV) of 0, and ACT does not require further work on these sites. Sixteen are sites with an HRV of 4, which carries the regulatory requirement that further studies must be conducted unless the resource can be avoided. Tables 6, 7 and 8, below, present a summary of the results of our analyses of known archaeological resources within the ROG footprint. Table A2, Appendix A, presents the confidential information related to these known resources. This information is also summarized in the Archaeological Resources geodatabase that accompanies this report.

Eighty-two of the known archaeological resources are classified as “prehistoric” (according to ACT’s classification). These include 24 campsites; 15 are isolated finds that were predominantly recovered from disturbed contexts, 2 are bison killsites, 35 are scatters of various sizes, and 6 are scatters and/ or campsites or workshops. Diagnostic artifact recoveries suggest that people first began occupying the Edmonton area in the Early Period (see 2.1, above).

Fifteen of the known archaeological resources are historic-era sites, and include the remains of coal mines, homesteads, farms, various foundations of industrial sites, and artifact scatters that consist of debris of Euro-Canadian artifacts, such as metal, glass, ceramics, and faunal material. Four of the known resources include both prehistoric and historic (n=3) or prehistoric and contemporary (n=1) components.

In our review of the known archaeological resources within the ROG, we generally recommended no further work if the resource was assigned an HRV of 0, appeared to have been heavily impacted by previous development or disturbance, and had been relatively thoroughly investigated in the past (n=83). In these cases, we also recommended that the area could be extensively used, and could withstand a high level of developmental impact. However, for 11 of these, we also recommended that an archaeologist be present to monitor construction or installation of any future developments, as there is a possibility that intact archaeological resources may be encountered.

Avoidance or further studies prior to any developmental impacts was recommended for 18 archaeological resources, most of which had an HRV of 4, which carry the regulatory requirement for further work. However, in four instances, we recommended avoidance or further studies for HRV0 sites, as we considered there to be insufficient information about these sites to justify active/working landscapes and high developmental impacts.

In summary, we recommended that 3 archaeological resources within the two ROG study areas be conserved and undergo low to moderate impacts, 73 could incorporate active/working landscapes with high impacts, 11 incorporate active/working landscapes with monitoring, 12 resources should be preserved with no impacts or very limited impacts, and 2 be preserved or undergo further studies, as not enough information is available to determine the appropriate management strategies and levels of impact for these resources.

Historical Resources Overview | 19 Table 6: Known Archaeological Resources

WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should FjPh- No further as the site is of limited be NE North prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High 135 work required interpretive potential and recommended Landscapes resource found in disturbed context for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should FjPh- scatter <10, No further as the site is of limited be NE North prehistoric No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High 136 campsite work required interpretive potential and recommended Landscapes resource found in disturbed context for the site area Additional studies required if Additional No impact or avoidance is not possible, as a studies very limited scatter <10, Avoidance or variety of archaeological The site should be None to NE North FjPh-59 prehistoric Avoidance required if Preservation impact should campsite Further Studies materials are most likely still protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for present in undisturbed not possible the site area context Because only visual surface Not enough information is Level of inspections was conducted at available about this site to tolerable the site, a full archaeological recommend an impact is to No further assessment including Preservation or appropriate policy NE North FjPh-60 prehistoric scatter No Concerns Further Studies Unknown be determined work required subsurface inspection is Further Studies direction. In this case, during the recommended to assess the protection is the best proper site site's nature, extent, and option until more assessment value. information is available Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should historic No further be NE North FjPh-61 historic No Concerns No Concerns as the site is of low Working be applied to this historic High feature work required recommended interpretive potential Landscapes resource for the site area No further work recommended Any level of as the site is of limited impact could Active / No specific policy should No further archaeological interpretive be NE North FjPi-147 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required potential and it was recommended Landscapes resource inadvertently affected by the for the site ring road construction area No further work recommended Any level of as the site is of limited impact could Active / No specific policy should No further archaeological interpretive be NE North FjPi-159 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required potential and it was recommended Landscapes resource inadvertently affected by the for the site ring road construction area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should FjPh- No further as the site was obliterated by be NE South prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High 103 work required subsequent industrial recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area Additional No impact or studies very limited FjPh- Avoidance or Additional studies required if The site should be None to NE South prehistoric campsite Avoidance required if Preservation impact should 104 Further Studies avoidance is not possible protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for not possible the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should FjPh- No further as the site is of limited be NE South prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High 105 work required interpretive potential and in recommended Landscapes resource disturbed context for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should FjPh- No further as the site is of limited be NE South prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High 106 work required interpretive potential and in recommended Landscapes resource disturbed context for the site area

20 | Ribbon of Green WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should FjPh- No further as the site is of limited be NE South prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High 107 work required interpretive potential and in recommended Landscapes resource disturbed context for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could as the site is of limited Active / No specific policy should FjPh- No further be NE South prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns interpretive potential and most Working be applied to this historic High 125 work required recommended likely affected by pipeline Landscapes resource for the site construction area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should No further as the site was obliterated by be NE South FjPh-38 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required subsequent industrial recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should scatter, No further as the site was obliterated by be NE South FjPh-39 prehistoric No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High campsite work required subsequent industrial recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area No further work recommended Any level of as the site is of limited impact could Active / No specific policy should No further archaeological interpretive be NE South FjPh-40 isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required potential and was affected by recommended Landscapes resource subsequent industrial for the site development area Any level of No further work recommended impact could as the site is of limited Active / No specific policy should No further be NE South FjPh-45 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns archaeological interpretive Working be applied to this historic High work required recommended potential and was affected by Landscapes resource for the site subsequent developments area Additional studies required if Additional No impact or avoidance is not possible, as a studies very limited scatter <10, Avoidance or variety of archaeological The site should be None to NE South FjPh-59 prehistoric Avoidance required if Preservation impact should campsite Further Studies materials are most likely still protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for present in undisturbed not possible the site area context No further work recommended Any level of as the site is of low impact could Active / No specific policy should No further interpretive potential and was be NE South FjPh-62 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required heavily disturbed by recommended Landscapes resource cultivation and pipeline for the site construction area No further work recommended Any level of as the site is of low impact could Active / No specific policy should No further interpretive potential and was be NE South FjPh-63 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required heavily disturbed by recommended Landscapes resource cultivation and pipeline for the site construction area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should scatter >10, No further as the site was affected by the be NE South FjPh-68 prehistoric No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High campsite work required pipeline and junk yard recommended Landscapes resource construction for the site area No further work recommended Any level of as the site is of low impact could Active / No specific policy should No further interpretive potential and was be NE South FjPh-79 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required heavily disturbed by recommended Landscapes resource cultivation and pipeline for the site construction area

Historical Resources Overview | 21 WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should No further as the site is of low be NE South FjPh-97 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area Active / Working Any level of Landscapes with No further work recommended Active / impact could monitoring is No further as the site is of limited Working be NE South FjPi-101 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns recommended as there is High work required archaeological interpretive Landscapes recommended a chance of presence of potential with Monitoring for the site cultural materials in area disturbed context Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should No further be NE South FjPi-102 historic industrial No Concerns No Concerns as the site was found to be of Working be applied to this historic High work required recommended no significance Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should No further be NE South FjPi-103 historic industrial No Concerns No Concerns as the site was found to be of Working be applied to this historic High work required recommended no significance Landscapes resource for the site area

Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should No further be NE South FjPi-137 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns as the site was affected by the Working be applied to this historic High work required recommended pipeline and road construction Landscapes resource for the site area

Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should historic No further be NE South FjPi-139 historic No Concerns No Concerns as the site is of limited Working be applied to this historic High feature work required recommended interpretive potential Landscapes resource for the site area Impact should not extend pass the plough zone Even though no (pending the regulatory requirements results of Additional information is are associated with the Further prehistoric; No further Avoidance or necessary to determine the Low to NE South FjPi-165 scatter >10 No Concerns Conservation site, it is recommended Studies) as historic work required Further Studies extent, nature, and value of Moderate that further studies intact the site confirm the nature and subsurface extent of the site historical resources may be present at the site Any level of The site area was impacted in impact could Active / No specific policy should No further the past by various activities be NE South FjPi-91 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required and was not relocated during recommended Landscapes resource the subsequent surveys for the site area Any level of The site area was impacted in impact could Active / No specific policy should No further the past by various activities be NE South FjPi-92 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required and was not relocated during recommended Landscapes resource the subsequent surveys for the site area

22 | Ribbon of Green WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of The site area was impacted in impact could Active / No specific policy should No further the past by various activities be NE South FjPi-93 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High work required and was not relocated during recommended Landscapes resource subsequent surveys for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required due Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPi-112 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns to disturbed nature of the site Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended and low abundance of finds Landscapes resource for the site area Active / Working Landscapes with monitoring during Any level of Active / construction/development impact could No further work required due SW No further Working is recommended as there be FiPi-32 prehistoric scatter >10 No Concerns No Concerns to disturbed nature of the site High Blackmud work required Landscapes is a chance of the recommended and low abundance of finds with Monitoring presence of cultural for the site materials in both area disturbed and intact context Active / Working Landscapes with Any level of monitoring during Active / impact could No further work required due construction/development SW No further Working be FiPi-35 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns to disturbed nature of the site is recommended as there High Blackmud work required Landscapes recommended and low abundance of finds is a chance of presence with Monitoring for the site of cultural materials in area both disturbed and intact context Any level of impact could No further work required due Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPi-37 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns to disturbed nature of the site Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended and low abundance of finds Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of No further work required due impact could to disturbed nature of the site Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-106 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns and low abundance of finds, Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended and disturbance from road Landscapes resource for the site and power line construction area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-127 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-140 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should SW scatter <10, No further be FiPj-164 historic No Concerns No Concerns as the site is of limited Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud farm work required recommended interpretive potential Landscapes resource for the site area high impact activities can No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should be performed SW No further FiPj-165 historic dwelling No Concerns No Concerns as the site is of limited Working be applied to this historic High as no intact Blackmud work required interpretive potential Landscapes resource cultural materials are observed

Historical Resources Overview | 23 WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-56 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-59 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-61 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW Kiskitayo No further be FiPj-62 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud Reservoir work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-64 prehistoric scatter (lithic) No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Active / Working Landscapes with Any level of monitoring during No further work required, as it Active / impact could construction/development SW No further is indicated that the site was Working be FiPj-65 prehistoric killsite No Concerns No Concerns is recommended, as there High Blackmud work required destroyed by residential Landscapes recommended is a chance of presence subdivision construction (?) with Monitoring for the site of cultural materials in area both intact and disturbed context Active / Working Landscapes with Any level of monitoring during No further work recommended Active / impact could construction/development SW No further as the site is of limited Working be FiPj-72 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns is recommended, as there High Blackmud work required archaeological interpretive Landscapes recommended is a chance of presence potential with Monitoring for the site of cultural materials in area both intact and disturbed context Active / Working Landscapes with monitoring is recommended as there is Any level of No further work required as no Active / a chance of presence of impact could more cultural materials were SW No further Working cultural materials in both be FiPj-89 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns recovered and it is suspected High Blackmud work required Landscapes intact and disturbed recommended to be disturbed, however not with Monitoring context, as according to for the site confirmed satellite imagery the area area is not extensively disturbed and appears heavily wooded Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-90 prehistoric scatter (lithic) No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by road Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required recommended construction Landscapes resource for the site area No further work required as Any level of Active / No specific policy should SW No further the site was affected by impact could FiPj-91 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Blackmud work required subsequent residential be Landscapes resource development recommended

24 | Ribbon of Green WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas for the site area

Low to Moderate impact could be planned for the site area, upper cultural Additional component of studies SW River Avoidance or Additional studies required if The site area should be Low to the site is FiPj-123 prehistoric campsite Avoidance required if Conservation North Further Studies avoidance is not possible conserved Moderate likely avoidance is disturbed by not possible agriculture thus may endure some low to moderate impact

Additional The site area should be No Impact studies protected and preserved, SW River Avoidance or Additional studies required if should be FiPj-124 prehistoric campsite Avoidance required if Preservation a highly valuable resource None North Further Studies avoidance is not possible planned for avoidance is with high interpretive the site area not possible potential

Additional No impact or studies very limited SW River Avoidance or Additional studies required if The site area should be None to FiPj-125 prehistoric killsite Avoidance required if Preservation impact should North Further Studies avoidance is not possible protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for not possible the site area

Active / Working Moderate to No further After mitigative excavations in Landscapes with High level of work required Active / 2003 the site was written off monitoring is impact could SW River scatter >10, as no Working Moderate FiPj-126 prehistoric No Concerns No Concerns and most likely is affected by recommended as there is be North workshop diagnostics Landscapes to high the following residential a chance of presence of recommended were and Monitoring development cultural materials in for the site recovered disturbed context area Even though regulator does not require any further work, No impact or we recommend proper shovel More information has to very limited SW River No further Avoidance and testing to be performed at the Preservation or be obtained about the site None to FiPj-141 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns impact should North work required Further Studies site area to confirm regulatory Further Studies through subsurface Low be planned for requirements, as not enough inspection the site area information is available about the site Any level of impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River prehistoric; No further No further work required due be FiPj-149 scatter >10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North contemporary work required to low interpretive potential recommended Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-163 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area

Additional No impact or studies very limited SW River Avoidance or Additional studies required if The site area should be None to FiPj-169 prehistoric campsite Avoidance required if Preservation impact should North Further Studies avoidance is not possible protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for not possible the site area

Historical Resources Overview | 25 WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should SW River historic No further be FiPj-170 historic No Concerns No Concerns as the site is of limited Working be applied to this historic High North feature work required recommended interpretive potential Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work recommended Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-172 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns as the site is of limited Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended interpretive potential Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of No further work required, due impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further to considerable level of be FiPj-173 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North work required disturbance and low yield of recommended Landscapes resource archaeological materials for the site area Low to moderate Even though the artifacts were impact could found in disturbed context, be considered Additional more artifacts are expected to if the resulting studies be buried (possibly deeply) disturbance SW River Avoidance or The site area should be Low to FiPj-174 campsite Avoidance required if across the site area. However, Conservation will not extend North Further Studies conserved Moderate avoidance is it has be confirmed by beyond not possible additional studies if any previous impact is proposed to the site disturbances area caused by agricultural activities. Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-67 isolated find No Concerns No Concerns the site was destroyed by Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required as Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-68 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site is affected by Anthony Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended Henday ring road construction Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of No further work required due impact could to low interpretive potential Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-77 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns and residential subdivision Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended construction is in progress in Landscapes resource for the site the area area Any level of No further work required due impact could to low interpretive potential Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-78 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns and residential subdivision Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended construction is in progress in Landscapes resource for the site the area area Any level of No further work required due impact could to low interpretive potential Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-79 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns and residential subdivision Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended construction is in progress in Landscapes resource for the site the area area Any level of No further work required, as impact could the site was of low interpretive Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-93 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns potential and is most likely Working be applied to this historic High North work required recommended disturbed by subsequent Landscapes resource for the site residential development area

26 | Ribbon of Green WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of No further work required as impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further the site was disturbed by be FiPj-94 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North work required subsequent residential recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area Any level of No further work required as impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further the site was disturbed by be FiPj-95 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North work required subsequent residential recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area Any level of No further work required as impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further the site was disturbed by be FiPj-96 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North work required subsequent residential recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area Active / Working Landscapes with Any level of monitoring during No further work recommended Active / impact could construction/development SW River No further as the site is of limited Working be FiPk-34 isolated find No Concerns No Concerns is recommended as there High North work required archaeological interpretive Landscapes recommended is a chance of the potential with Monitoring for the site presence of cultural area materials in disturbed context Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further as the site is of limited be FiPk-38 prehistoric scatter (lithic) No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High North work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area Any level of No further work required due impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further to disturbed nature of the site be FiPj-119 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High South work required and lack of diagnostic recommended Landscapes resource materials for the site area Any level of impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further No further work required due be FiPj-151 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High South work required to low interpretive potential recommended Landscapes resource for the site area Active / Working Even though regulator does Landscapes with Any level of not require any further work, Active / monitoring is impact could we recommend an HRIA to be SW River collection, No further Avoidance or Working recommended as there is be FiPj-152 prehistoric No Concerns conducted in order to locate High South scatter >10 work required Further Studies Landscapes a chance of the presence recommended the site and determine if any with Monitoring of cultural materials in for the site intact archaeological deposits both intact and disturbed area are present within the ravine contexts Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-160 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High South work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW River No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-161 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High South work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area

Historical Resources Overview | 27 WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas High impact activities can Active / No specific policy should be conducted, SW River No further No intact cultural materials FiPj-166 prehistoric scatter >10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High as no intact South work required were discovered at the site Landscapes resource cultural materials were observed Additional No impact or studies The historic resource is of very limited SW River Avoidance or Additional studies required if None to FiPj-168 historic homestead Avoidance required if Preservation potential interest for impact should South Further Studies avoidance is not possible Low avoidance is public be planned for not possible the site area Any level of impact could No further work required as Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPj-68 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site is affected by Anthony Working be applied to this historic High South work required recommended Henday ring road construction Landscapes resource for the site area Active / Working Any level of No further work required as Landscapes with Active / impact could the site is largely disturbed , monitoring is SW River scatter, No further Working be FiPj-73 prehistoric No Concerns No Concerns however some additional recommended as there is High South campsite work required Landscapes recommended archaeological materials might a chance of the presence with Monitoring for the site be exposed on the surface of cultural materials in area disturbed context Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPk-12 prehistoric scatter No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High South work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPk-13 isolated find No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High South work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW River No further be FiPk-14 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High South work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area No impact should be planned for the site area or in its Additional No impact or vicinity. Edge and slope studies very limited SW River stability should not be The site should be None to FiPk-92 prehistoric scatter <10 Avoidance required if Avoidance Preservation impact should South compromised, because the protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for site is not disturbed and it is not possible the site area located within natural environment. Active / Working Landscapes with Any level of monitoring during No further work required due Active / impact could construction/development SW No further to disturbed nature of the site Working be FiPj-118 prehistoric scatter >10 No Concerns No Concerns is recommended, as there High Whitemud work required and limited materials Landscapes recommended is a chance of presence recovered with Monitoring for the site of cultural materials in area both intact and disturbed context

Additional No impact or studies very limited SW prehistoric; scatter >10, Avoidance or Additional studies required if The site area should be None to FiPj-120 Avoidance required if Preservation impact should Whitemud historic campsite Further Studies avoidance is not possible protected and preserved Low avoidance is be planned for not possible the site area

28 | Ribbon of Green WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas No impact or very limited Bright Additional The site area should be impact should Star/Bright studies protected and preserved, be planned for SW Service Avoidance or Additional studies required if None to FiPj-129 historic mine Avoidance required if Preservation it has large potential for the site area; Whitemud Mine Further Studies avoidance is not possible Low avoidance is interpretation, and as a otherwise (Mine #. not possible point of interest Further 1559) Studies are required No impact or very limited White Mud Additional The site area should be impact should Coal/Fridel studies protected and preserved, be planned for SW Avoidance or Additional studies required if None to FiPj-130 Coal Mine historic mine Avoidance required if Preservation it has large potential for the site area; Whitemud Further Studies avoidance is not possible Low (Mine #. avoidance is interpretation, and as a otherwise 1022) not possible point of interest Further Studies are required No impact or very limited Additional The site area should be impact should Pickard's studies protected and preserved, be planned for SW Avoidance or Additional studies required if None to FiPj-131 Coal (Mine historic mine Avoidance required if Preservation it has large potential for the site area; Whitemud Further Studies avoidance is not possible Low #. 1462) avoidance is interpretation, and as a otherwise not possible point of interest Further Studies are required No impact or very limited Additional The site area should be impact should White Star studies protected and preserved, be planned for SW Mines Avoidance or Additional studies required if None to FiPj-132 historic mine Avoidance required if Preservation it has large potential for the site area; Whitemud (Mine #. Further Studies avoidance is not possible Low avoidance is interpretation, and as a otherwise 29) not possible point of interest Further Studies are required No further work required, as Any level of the site was affected by impact could various activities, agriculture, Active / No specific policy should SW prehistoric; campsite, No further be FiPj-136 No Concerns No Concerns landscaping, residential Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud historic farm, mine work required recommended development, bike trail and no Landscapes resource for the site historic structures are intact or area can be preserved. Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-139 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of impact could Active / No specific policy should SW No further No further work required due be FiPj-148 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required to low interpretive potential recommended Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-154 prehistoric scatter <10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area

Any level of No further work recommended impact could due to low interpretive Active / No specific policy should SW scatter, No further be FiPj-156 prehistoric No Concerns No Concerns potential of the site and it was Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud campsite work required recommended inadvertently affected by Landscapes resource for the site residential development area

Historical Resources Overview | 29 WH's Explanation Recommended judgment Names of Regulatory of the WH's Number Site class Site type Policy about Notes about the site requirements regulatory recommendations Explanation of within according to according Notes explaining WH's direction acceptable level of Sector (not for the sites, requirements about the site recommended by WH Borden ACT to ACT recommendations pertinent to level of acceptable always interpreted as with respect to policy directions block Conventions Conventions ROG impact in impact assigned) from HRV interpreted RofG project objectives the site from HRV areas Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-158 historic scatter >10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area Any level of No further work recommended impact could Active / No specific policy should SW No further as the site is of limited be FiPj-159 historic scatter >10 No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required archaeological interpretive recommended Landscapes resource potential for the site area Any level of impact could No further work required, as Active / No specific policy should SW No further be FiPj-58 prehistoric campsite No Concerns No Concerns the site was affected by Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required recommended residential development Landscapes resource for the site area Any level of No further work required, as impact could Active / No specific policy should SW No further the site was affected by road be FiPj-71 prehistoric scatter (lithic) No Concerns No Concerns Working be applied to this historic High Whitemud work required construction and residential recommended Landscapes resource development for the site area Active / Working Landscapes with Any level of monitoring during No further work recommended Active / impact could construction/development SW No further as the site is of limited Working be FiPj-72 prehistoric isolated find No Concerns No Concerns is recommended, as there High Whitemud work required archaeological interpretive Landscapes recommended is a chance of presence potential with Monitoring for the site of cultural materials in area both intact and disturbed context

30 | Ribbon of Green Results: Unknown Archaeological Resources

We defined 160 zones of archaeological potential as a means of estimating the likely presence of unknown archaeological resources within the ROG footprint and buffer. Of these zones, 119 were associated with ACT’s SSL listing, and 52 contained previously recorded historic resources. All but six of the defined zones have undergone some disturbance; residential, agricultural, and industrial disturbances are the most commonly encountered within the study area. Tables 9 and 10 present the results of our analysis of unknown archaeological resources and archaeological potential within the ROG study area.

In all, we defined 137 zones of high archaeological potential, with the remaining 23 zones estimated to be of low archaeological and interpretive potential. Of the 137 zones of high archaeological potential, 62 are also considered to be of high interpretive value, 7 of moderate interpretive value, and 68 of low interpretive value. 84 of the high potential zones are within Study Area 1 (the southwestern portion), while 53 are within Study Area 2 (the northeastern portion).

We also determined that, of the 137 zones of high archaeological potential, relatively high-impact activities could be conducted within 71 zones, with minimal likelihood that intact historical resources would be impacted within those zones. All 71 zones of high impact were also considered to be of low interpretive value due to previous disturbance.

Of the remaining 66 zones of high archaeological potential, 8 were determined as zones in which moderate impacts could occur. There were 56 zones of high potential considered to be appropriate for avoidance or low impact developments only, as there is a high chance that any impact could disturb intact archaeological resources.

31 | Ribbon of Green Table 7: Unknown Archaeological Resources

WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 1 None No N/A Agriculture Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 2 None No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 3 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 4 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 5 None No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

None, Native parkland There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 6 Yes No N/A High High Low vegetation might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 7 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 8 None No N/A Residential Low Low High chances of impacting intact historic resources due to previous disturbances

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 9 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 10 None No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 11 None Yes FjPh-60 Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 13 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

FjPh-135, FjPh- There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 16 Yes Yes Agriculture High High Low 136 might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 17 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal Residential, NE North 18 None No N/A Low Low High chances of impacting intact historic resources due to Agricultural previous disturbances

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE North 19 None No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 20 None No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 21 None No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FjPi-147, FjPi- Agriculture, Road, There is a moderate chance that any impacts might NE North 22 None Yes High Moderate Moderate 159 Power Lines affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 23 None No N/A Agriculture Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Historical Resources Overview | 32 WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 24 None No N/A Agriculture Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE North 25 Yes Yes FjPh-59 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 14 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 15 None No N/A Industrial Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 25 Yes Yes FjPh-59 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 26 Yes No N/A Golf Course Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 27 None No N/A Agriculture, Road High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 28 None No N/A Agriculture, Road High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 29 None No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 30 None Yes FjPi-165 Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 31 None No N/A Agriculture Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 32 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 33 Yes No N/A Industrial Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 34 Yes No N/A Golf Course, Road Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 35 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 36 None No N/A None High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 38 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 39 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 40 Yes No N/A Industrial High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 137 Yes No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 138 None No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

33 | Ribbon of Green WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas FjPi-92, FjPi-93, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 139 None Yes FjPi-137, FjPh- Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources 68

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 140 None Yes FjPi-91, FjPh-79 Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 141 Yes No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FjPh-104, FjPh- Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 142 Yes Yes 105, FjPh-106, Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources FjPh-107

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 143 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 144 Yes Yes FjPh-103 Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 145 Yes No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level NE South 146 None No N/A None High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 147 None Yes FjPh-45 Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 148 None Yes FjPh-39, FjPh-40 Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 149 None Yes FjPh-38 Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FjPi-101, FjPi- Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 150 Yes Yes Residential High Low High 102 chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 151 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 152 Yes Yes FjPi-139 Road High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 153 Yes No N/A Agricultural High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 154 Yes Yes FjPh-125 Agricultural High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 155 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 156 None No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FjPh-62, FjPh- Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 157 Yes Yes 63, FjPh-97, Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources FjPh-131

Historical Resources Overview | 34 WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 158 None No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 159 Yes No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal NE South 160 Yes No N/A Industrial High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW Blackmud 41 None No N/A Residential High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 42 None No N/A Road High High Moderate high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur in the vicinity of the creek oxbow.

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW Blackmud 43 None No N/A Residential High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

FiPj-164, FiPj- There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW Blackmud 44 None Yes Agriculture High High Low 165 might affect undiscovered historic resources.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 45 None Yes FiPj-140 Residential High High Low high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur in the vicinity of the creek oxbow.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 46 None No N/A Residential High High Low high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur in the vicinity of the creek oxbow.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 47 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 48 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 49 Yes Yes FiPi-112, FiPi-35 Residential High High Low high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur along creek margin and oxbows.

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level FiPj-89, FiPj-91, might affect undiscovered historic resources. A number SW Blackmud 50 Yes Yes Residential High High Low FiPi-32, FiPi-37 of archaeological sites have already been recorded in this area.

35 | Ribbon of Green WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level might affect undiscovered historic resources. SW Blackmud 51 Yes Yes FiPj-90 Residential, Road High High Low Archaeological sites have already been recorded in this area.

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level might affect undiscovered historic resources. A number SW Blackmud 52 Yes Yes FiPj-64, FiPj-65 Residential, Road High High Low of archaeological sites have already been recorded in this area.

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level might affect undiscovered historic resources. A number SW Blackmud 53 Yes Yes FiPj-62, FiPj-106 Residential High High Low of archaeological sites have already been recorded in this area.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a FiPj-56, FiPj-59, SW Blackmud 54 Yes Yes Residential High Moderate Moderate high chance of impacting archaeological resources if FiPj-61 development were to occur in the vicinity of the creek oxbow.

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level might affect undiscovered historic resources. A number SW Blackmud 55 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low of archaeological sites have already been recorded in this area.

Located on the Blackmud Creek valley margin. There is a high chance of encountering archaeological SW Blackmud 56 Yes Yes FiPj-127 Residential, Park High Moderate Moderate resources along the oxbows in the creek. Most of the margin is developed so any sites in this area are likely to be disturbed.

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Blackmud 57 Yes Yes FiPj-72, FiPj-156 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 58 Yes No N/A Residential High Moderate Moderate high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur in the vicinity of the creek oxbow.

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW Blackmud 59 Yes No N/A Residential High Moderate Moderate high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur in the vicinity of the creek oxbow.

Construction visible on FiPj-123, FiPj- Google Earth in the There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River North 76 Yes Yes 124, FiPj-125, High High Low south portion of the might affect undiscovered historic resources FiPj-174 floodplain.

Residential, Golf Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 77 Yes Yes FiPj-126 High Low High Course chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 78 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 79 Yes Yes FiPj-149 Park Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Historical Resources Overview | 36 WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 80 Yes Yes FiPj-141 Residential, Park High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River North 81 Yes Yes FiPj-172 Road High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Water Treatment Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 82 Yes No N/A High Low High Facility chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 83 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River North 84 Yes No N/A Road High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Road, Power Line, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 120 Yes Yes FiPj-68 Low Low High Trails chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River North 121 Yes Yes FiPj-170 Residential High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 122 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 123 Yes Yes FiPj-67 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 124 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 125 Yes Yes FiPj-93 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FiPj-94, FiPj-95, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 126 Yes Yes Residential High Low High FiPj-96 chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 127 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FiPj-77, FiPj-78, Agriculture, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 128 Yes Yes FiPj-79, FiPj- High Low High Residential chances of impacting historic resources 163, FiPj-173

Agriculture, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 129 Yes No N/A High Low High Residential chances of impacting historic resources

Agriculture, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 130 Yes No N/A High Low High Residential chances of impacting historic resources

37 | Ribbon of Green WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 131 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River North 132 None No N/A None High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 133 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 134 None Yes FiPk-38 Agriculture High High High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 135 None No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River North 136 None Yes FiPk-34 Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 84 Yes No N/A Road High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 85 Yes Yes FiPj-73 Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 86 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 87 None No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Area already impacted might proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources. There is a SW River South 88 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Moderate Moderate high chance of impacting archaeological resources if development were to occur in the treed areas along the valley margin.

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 89 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 90 Yes No N/A Agriculture High No High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 91 Yes Yes FiPj-168 Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 92 Yes No N/A Road, Trails Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 93 Yes No N/A Trails High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Historical Resources Overview | 38 WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 94 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 95 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 96 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 97 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal FiPk-12, FipK- SW River South 98 Yes Yes Residential High Low High chances of impacting intact historic resources due to 13, FiPk-14 previous disturbances

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 99 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 100 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 101 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 102 Yes Yes FiPj-161 Agriculture High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

FiPj-152, FiPj- There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 103 Yes Yes Agriculture High High Low 166, FiPk-92 might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 104 Yes No N/A Road High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 105 Yes No N/A None Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 106 Yes No N/A Road, Trails High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 107 Yes No N/A Road, Trails High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 109 Yes No N/A Agriculture High High High chances of impacting historic resources

39 | Ribbon of Green WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 110 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 111 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FiPj-151, FiPj- Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 112 Yes Yes Residential High Low High 160 chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 113 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 114 Yes No N/A Golf Course High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 115 Yes Yes FiPj-119 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 116 Yes No N/A Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 117 Yes No N/A Golf Course High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 118 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW River South 119 Yes No N/A Trails High High Low might affect undiscovered historic resources

Road, Power Line, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW River South 120 Yes Yes FiPj-68 Low Low High Trails chances of impacting historic resources

There is high chance that any impact beyond low level might affect undiscovered historic resources. A number SW Whitemud 55 Yes No N/A Residential High High Low of archaeological sites have already been recorded in this area.

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 57 Yes Yes FiPj-72, FiPj-156 Residential High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Located on the Blackmud Creek valley margin. There is a high chance of encountering archaeological SW Whitemud 60 Yes Yes FiPj-154 Residential High Moderate Moderate resources along the oxbows in the creek. Most of the margin is developed so any sites in this area are likely to be disturbed.

Residential, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 61 Yes Yes FiPj-58, FiPj-71 Low Low High Agriculture chances of impacting historic resources

FiPj-120, FiPj- 129, FiPj-130, Residential, Former There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW Whitemud 62 Yes Yes High High Low FiPj-136, FiPj- Coal Mine might affect undiscovered historic resources 139

Historical Resources Overview | 40 WH's Association of Number of Previously WH's evaluation of the WH's evaluation of judgment the area with identified recorded Previous areas potential to interpretive value of any about ACT's defined historical Sector Zone_ID historical disturbances contain any undiscovered historic acceptable Notes about level of acceptable impact Significant Site resource within resources in observed in the area unrecorded/undiscover resources potentially level of Listing (SSL) the Borden the area ed historical resources present in the area impact in designations block the areas

FiPj-118, FiPj- Residential, Former There is high chance that any impact beyond low level SW Whitemud 63 Yes Yes High High Low 131, FiPj-132, Coal Mine might affect undiscovered historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 64 Yes No N/A Industrial Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Outside of the cemetery, any level of impact might SW Whitemud 65 Yes No N/A Agriculture, Cemetery Low Low High proceed with minimal chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 66 Yes No N/A None Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Residential, Golf Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 67 Yes No N/A Low Low High Course chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 68 Yes No N/A Golf Course Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 69 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 70 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 71 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

FiPj-158, FiPj- Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 72 Yes Yes Agriculture High Low High 159 chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 73 Yes No N/A Agriculture Low Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 74 Yes No N/A Agriculture High Low High chances of impacting historic resources

Agriculture, Any level of impact might proceed with minimal SW Whitemud 75 Yes Yes FiPj-148 High Low High Commercial chances of impacting historic resources

41 | Ribbon of Green Figure 4: Map showing location of SW Unknown Archaeological Resources

Historical Resources Overview | 42 Figure 5: Map showing location of NE Unknown Archaeological Resources

43 | Ribbon of Green Results: Historic Sites

Our review of historic sites in the study areas resulted in the identification of 32 historic sites and 2 contemporary sites considered to be of cultural significance (total n=34). The historic sites represent a diverse range of activities that have taken place along the North Saskatchewan since the arrival of Euro-Canadians in the region (i.e. during and after the “contact” period between Indigenous inhabitants and Euro-Canadian settlers). The following list of historic sites dates to the “contact” period and the period that followed. However, it is likely that many, if not all, of the historic sites discussed in the following were areas that were previously occupied by or otherwise known to the Indigenous and Métis communities that preceded Euro-Canadian arrival. Activities include ferry crossings, community celebrations, industry such as coal mining, education, First Nations - Euro-Canadian relations, agriculture, transportation, logging, communication, spirituality and religion, and the Klondike Gold Rush. The contemporary sites include the site of the landslide that destroyed homes in the Riverbend area in the late 1990’s, and the temple of the Maha Ganapathy Society of Alberta, constructed in the 1980’s and located within the ROG footprint. Tables 11 to 13, below, present a summary of the results of our analyses. This information is also summarized in the Historic Sites geodatabase that accompanies this report.

All historic and contemporary sites are considered to be of moderate or high interpretive value, and we recommend avoidance and/or further studies for all but 4 of the 34 sites listed. Of the four sites listed as of no further heritage concern, three have been heavily disturbed and it is unlikely that any intact historic resources remain at these sites. The fourth is the contemporary temple, which is currently in use and therefore not under threat of development.

The results of our assessment of historic resources is best summarized in the following narrative, which is compiled from the bibliographic sources consulted in our analysis and listed in 7.0, below.

Historical Resources Overview | 44 Figure 6: Map showing location of SW Historic Sites

Numbers Indicate General Location of Cultural Resources

45 | Ribbon of Green Figure 7: Map showing location of NE Historic Sites

Numbers Indicate General Location of Cultural Resources

Historical Resources Overview | 46 TableTable 11. 8: HistoricHistoric sitesite descr descriptioniption and and interpretive interpretive potential. potential

Horse Hill 3 Place where Hudson’s Bay Fur Trade, HBC 1800 to 1900 High High interpretive potential due to Company (HBC) transportation location and speaks to economy of fur employees and families and supply trade. Public interest and educational pastured horses for Fort system, horse opportunity along park trail. Edmonton. Place where guard of Fort Sanford Fleming’s Edmonton. (surveyor) expedition had breakfast Aug.27, 1872. Artist Paul Kane visits horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. Horsehills Creek is a city of Edmonton designated protected site for flora and fauna. Within parkland and adjacent farmland.

47 | Ribbon of Green Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential.

CloverHorse Hill Bar 63 CoalPlace Mine where operated Hudson’s by Bay EconomicFur Trade, andHBC 18971800 to 19231900 Moderate High PotentialHigh interpretive for interpretive potential rest due area to to Coal Co. CloverCompany Bar (HBC) Coal Co. Ltd. coaltransportation mining discusslocation importance and speaks ofto coaleconomy mining of infur Ltd. Mine employees and families historyand supply of thattrade. area. Public Public interest interest and and educational pastured horses for Fort Edmonton,system, hor se educationalopportunity opportunityalong park trail. to interpret Edmonton. Place where Resource,guard of Fort Trade Edmonton’s coal mining history in NE Sanford Fleming’s andEdmonton. Labour Edmonton. (surveyor) expedition had history, urban breakfast Aug.27, 1872. settlement. Artist Paul Kane visits horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. Horsehills Creek is a city of Stony Plain 7 First Nations Reserve Reserve History. 1884 to present. High High interpretive potential due to Edmonton designated Indian History of Main reserve socio-political significance and protected site for flora and Reserve No. indigenous-Euro- (now called location. fauna. Within parkland and 135 Canadian Enoch Cree adjacent farmland. Contact. History Nation) 1884 of indigenous to1908: the parts peoples and that were within Government in or near ROG the West. footprint; the 1908 surrender of Enoch reserve is part of ROG area.

Historical Resources Overview | 48 Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential.

Holy 10 Minor seminary for Catholic History 1960 to 1970: High High interpretive potential due to Redeemer Catholic novitiates. Offered in Edmonton, seminary. spiritual, religious significance of site CollegeHorse Hill and 3 highPlace school where and Hudson’s first year Bay locaFur lTrade, religious HBC art. 19701800 to 1974:1900 High (seminaHigh interpretivery and cemetery) potential due to cemetery artsCompany program. (HBC) Home of transportation retreat, training location and speaks to economy of fur largeemployees Christ and the familiesTeacher and supply centre for adult trade. Public interest and educational Statue,pastured moved horses in for 1974 Fort to system, horse education, and opportunity along park trail. St.Edmonton. Albert, statue Place movedwhere guard of Fort Federal againSanford in 2008.Fleming’s Alberta Edmonton. Penitentiary Government(surveyor) expedition now owns had site. training. 1974: breakfast Aug.27, 1872. Cemetery re- Artist Paul Kane visits located. horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. Henderson 11 FarmHorsehills and family Creek burialis a city plot of Early settler 1891: First High High interpretive potential due to well- Farm and ofEdmonton Euro-Canadian designated settlers. experiences, in Henderson documented family history and family Henderson family Edmonton. family connection to historical events, protected site for flora and cemetery connectionfauna. Within to Rielparkland and Indigenous/Euro- homestead. although no in situ site remains to Rebellionadjacent farmland. at Fort Canadian Cemetery: 1896 commemorate. Edmonton, and to Klondike relations during to 1960 Gold Rush settlement. Homesteading. Riel Rebellion. Gold rush/gold panning.

49 | Ribbon of Green Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential.

NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Site name Site themes (for Primary Interpretive Notes on interpretive potential (names are Brief summary of interpretive period(s) in use potential not always information about the site purposes) (H,M,L) assigned)NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE TwinPointe la 121 EarlyGeographic infrastructure landmark and on EarlyEdmonton CommunitySawmill: ? to High SpeaksThis place to economic was familiar and asrecreational a BridgesPie in communityNorth Saskatchewan. gathering River,place infrastructureEconomy, River and picnics1899 and communityhistory of Edmonton. picnic and Public party place,interest Mactaggart (communitysite of McLellan picnics, and communityTransportation gamesSteamboat until Locatedand educational within park opportunity space, land to learn later Sanctuary games),Featherstonaugh MacTaggart sawmill, nature gatheringSystem, River place. 1930Landing: at this 1898 setabout aside early as aindustries. nature sanctuary. Possible public sanctuarysteamboat in river Edmonton, landing LocalRecreation special spot.to ? Photo of a Evidencearchaeology of olderopportunities. metal bridge (ca. relatedsite, river to Sandyexcursion picnics, places history. bridge in 1930) suggests potential for discussion MacTaggart.transport of flour Locals and recall coal a History of local Mactaggart of early infrastructure. Knowledge of bunkerbetween in Edmonton the area. and philanthropist Sanctuary shows history of area by local residents, Fort. Saskatchewan Sandy evidence of historic and nostalgic significance to MacTaggart. older residents of Southwest Edmonton. Nature sanctuary infrastructure: Horse Hill 2 Raspberry farm (4rd inThis Edmonton, farm is one weatheredBerry farm blue 2007 High High interpretive potential due to Berry Farm generation farm). History of of at least 4 other footto present, bridge. but location along river, importance of market farms in NE berry and Areagreat -has been market farms in Edmonton area. Edmonton, Importance of vegetable farms designatedgrandfather the of Family farms adjacent to park trails. preserving this area to grow on this floodplain. Mactaggartowner farmed Mult-generational historical farm. berries, fruits, and 4th generation Sanctuaryon this property since Public interest educational opportunity vegetables due to rich soil. farms. thein 18 ear80’s.ly 1990’s. to learn about market garden history in Sustainability, Edmonton, and to coordinate public Rabbit Hill 13 Natural landform with IndigenousAgriculture, Prehistoric/Prec High Highaccess interpretive of ROG and potential market becausegardens it is ancestral indigenous history,Economy, cultural ontact to awith well owners.-known location within cultural significance, andCommunity economic Historic periods Edmonton that potentially has possible site for tool life. Historic prehistoric and historic significance. making, gaming, landmark during spirituality. Within park Euro-Canadian environment surrounded by period. residential development, so there is possibility of Horse Hill 3 undisturbedPlace where culturalHudson’s Bay Fur Trade, HBC 1800 to 1900 High High interpretive potential due to materialsCompany (HBC) transportation location and speaks to economy of fur employees and families and supply trade. Public interest and educational pastured horses for Fort system, horse opportunity along park trail. Prison Farm 14 CityEdmonton. of Edmonton Place where farm for Albertaguard of Fort 1913 to 1917 High Good location for interpretation of prisonSanford inmates. Fleming’s CorrectionsEdmonton. and 1913 to 1916: history of corrections/law. (surveyor) expedition had Justice history, was a detention breakfast Aug.27, 1872. Edmonton legal centre for men Artist Paul Kane visits history. Prisoner convicted of horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. rehabilitation, inebriation. Horsehills Creek is a city of skills 1917 to 194?: Edmonton designated development leased out as a protected site for flora and farm. 1947 to fauna. Within parkland and 1950: Calmont adjacent farmland. Oils Ltd. drilled dry well.

Big Island 15 Island in North Local indigenous 1880’s to 1915 High High interpretive potential due to Saskatchewan River, valley economy, popularity of site with local location, within a park spirituality, Edmontonians, and significance of environment. An important culture, history. island to First Nations. Concentrated site for indigenous Edmonton Euro- collection of industries in one site. populations. Also popular Canadian Could also include Loveland gold site for turn of the 20th industry, dredging interpretation (see below). century recreation and recreation along industry. Associated river. activities: Industries: logging, coal, gold dredging, recreation (games, picnicking, canoeing, swimming, and steam boat rides).

Historical Resources Overview | 50 Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential.

NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Site name Site themes (for Primary Interpretive Notes on interpretive potential (names are Brief summary of interpretive period(s) in use potential not always information about the site purposes) (H,M,L) assigned)NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE FirstPointe la 161 RoadGeographic and telegraph landmark line on TransportationEdmonton Trail:Sawmill: 1875 ? to- ModerateHigh PartSpeaks of regionalto economic and provincialand recreational history CalgaryPie North Saskatchewan. River, andEconomy, River Telegraph:1899 ofhistory Alberta of Edmonton. Public interest Trail and site of McLellan and communicationTransportation MoreSteamboat research and educational opportunity to learn Telegraph Featherstonaugh sawmill, history;System, CalgaryRiver neededLanding: 1898 about early industries. Possible public Line steamboat river landing trailRecreation history and to ? archaeology opportunities. site, river excursion picnics, telegraph line transport of flour and coal history in between Edmonton and Edmonton Fort. Saskatchewan Papaschase 17 First Nations reserve Reserve History. 1881 to 1887 High High interpretive potential due to Indian included large portion of History of (Papaschase socio-political significance, could Reserve No. Blackmud Creek within Indigenous/Euro- band speak to issues around Truth and 136Horse Hill 2 ReserveRaspberry boundary farm (4rd CanadianThis farm is one occupation),Berry farm 2007 High Reconciliation.High interpretive potential due to Berry Farm generation farm). History of Contact.of at least History 4 other 1883to present, to 1889 but location along river, importance of market farms in NE ofberry Government and in (officialgreat- dates of market farms in Edmonton area. Edmonton, Importance of thevegetable West. farms reservegrandfather of Family farms adjacent to park trails. preserving this area to grow on this floodplain. existence)owner farmed Mult-generational historical farm. berries, fruits, and 4th generation on this property Public interest educational opportunity vegetables due to rich soil. farms. in 1880’s. to learn about market garden history in Sustainability, Edmonton, and to coordinate public Agriculture, access of ROG and market gardens Economy, with owners. Community Papaschase 18 Historic First Nations Native Spiritual Age not High High interpretive value due to spiritual Indian cemetery Life, Reserve determined. significance and location Cemetery History Wooden crosses observed in 1912 and mid- 1930’s. Horse Hill 3 Place where Hudson’s Bay Fur Trade, HBC 1800 to 1900 High High interpretive potential due to Company (HBC) transportation location and speaks to economy of fur employees and families and supply trade. Public interest and educational pastured horses for Fort system, horse opportunity along park trail. Edmonton. Place where guard of Fort Sanford Fleming’s Edmonton. (surveyor) expedition had Canadian 19 Railwaybreakfast Trestle Aug.27, Bridge 1872. Transportation/Ra 1914 to 1940’s Moderate Potential for public education point of Northern Artist Paul Kane visits ilway history, interest about railway/transportation Western early history in Edmonton, and as an historic horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. Railway infrastructure cultural landscape, but original Horsehills Creek is a city of Trestle Edmonton designated structure dismantled and materials recycled into farm structures protected site for flora and fauna. Within parkland and elsewhere, so no physical remains may adjacent farmland. be present.

Loveland 20 Site of gold dredging Gold dredging 1899 to c.1910 Moderate Interpretation of gold panning and Brothers industry, river dredging history could be incorporated Gold industries in into Big Island rest area interpretation, Dredge Edmonton. above. Gold dredging had a significant contribution to early economic history of Edmonton.

51 | Ribbon of Green NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE First 16 Road and telegraph line Transportation Trail: 1875 - Moderate Part of regional and provincial history Calgary and Telegraph: of Alberta Trail and communication More research Telegraph history; Calgary needed Line trail history and telegraph line history in Edmonton Papaschase 17 First Nations reserve Reserve History. 1881 to 1887 High High interpretive potential due to Indian included large portion of History of (Papaschase socio-political significance, could Reserve No. Blackmud Creek within Indigenous/Euro- band speak to issues around Truth and 136 Reserve boundary Canadian occupation), Reconciliation. Contact. History 1883 to 1889 of Government in (official dates of the West. reserve existence)

Papaschase 18 Historic First Nations Native Spiritual Age not High High interpretive value due to spiritual Indian cemetery Life, Reserve determined. significance and location Cemetery History Wooden crosses observed in 1912 and mid- 1930’s.

Canadian 19 Railway Trestle Bridge Transportation/Ra 1914 to 1940’s Moderate Potential for public education point of Northern ilway history, interest about railway/transportation Western early history in Edmonton, and as an historic Railway infrastructure cultural landscape, but original Trestle structure dismantled and materials recycled into farm structures elsewhere, so no physical remains may be present.

Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential.

NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Horse Hill 2 Raspberry farm (4rd This farm is one Berry farm 2007 High High interpretive potential due to RabbitBerry Farm Hill 21 Historicgeneration coal farm). mine History on of Economicof at least 4history other 1923to present, to 1940 but High Highlocation interpretive along river, potential importance due to of Collieries Whitemudmarket farms Creek in NE ofberry Edmonton. and great- location,market farms economic in Edmonton history ofarea. No. 1 & 2 Edmonton, Importance of Resource,vegetable farmsTrade grandfather of Edmonton.Family farms Public adjacent education to park trails. preserving this area to grow andon this Labour floodplain. owner farmed opportunityMult-generational on coal historical mining history farm. in berries, fruits, and history.4th generation Coal on this property SWPublic Edmonton. interest educational opportunity vegetables due to rich soil. miningfarms. history. in 1880’s. to learn about market garden history in UrbanSustainability, settlement Edmonton, and to coordinate public Agriculture, access of ROG and market gardens Economy, with owners. Community

White Star 22 Historic coal mine on either Economic history 1893 to 1948 High High interpretive potential due to Coal Co. side of Whitemud Creek of Edmonton. location, economic history of Ltd. Resource, Trade Edmonton. Public education and Labour opportunity on coal mining history in Horse Hill 3 Place where Hudson’s Bay history.Fur Trade, Coal HBC 1800 to 1900 High SWHigh Edmonton. interpretive potential due to Company (HBC) miningtransportation history. location and speaks to economy of fur employees and families Urbanand supply settlement trade. Public interest and educational pastured horses for Fort system, horse opportunity along park trail. Rabbit Hill 23 SpiritualEdmonton. site, Place church where Ruralguard communityof Fort 1901 to1928 Moderate Church is among many that represent United location,Sanford Fleming’s possibly within historyEdmonton. and religious history or Edmonton, and the Church SW(surveyor) ROG footprint expedition had United Church original site has been disturbed. (original breakfast Aug.27, 1872. history site) Artist Paul Kane visits horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. Horsehills Creek is a city of Edmonton designated protected site for flora and fauna. Within parkland and adjacent farmland.

Ashby 24 Farm complex built by Farming, 1939 - Owned High High interpretive potential due to Farm and Patrick and Elizabeth Ranching, Alberta by Patrick economic and political prominence of Elevators Ashby in 1939. Politician and Federal Ashby from occupants, probability of farm Patrick Ashby related to Government 1939 to 1965. structures remaining. Social Credit cabinet and creation of Treasury Branch. MP for Edmonton East from 1945 to 1949.

Historical Resources Overview | 52 Walker 25 Homestead and stopping Early family 1903 to 1920’s, High High interpretive potential due to Farm house of Darius and Ellen farms, Papaschase still in family social, socio-political, and economic Walker on Blackmud Creek Reserve lands, ownership in significance, Indigenous history and Indigenous/Euro- 1980’s Indigenous-Euro-Canadian history Canadian settler relationships. NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Rabbit Hill 21 Historic coal mine on Economic history 1923 to 1940 High High interpretive potential due to Collieries Whitemud Creek of Edmonton. location, economic history of No. 1 & 2 Resource, Trade Edmonton. Public education and Labour opportunity on coal mining history in history. Coal SW Edmonton. mining history. Urban settlement

Rabbit Hill 23 Spiritual site, church Rural community 1901 to1928 Moderate Church is among many that represent United location, possibly within history and religious history or Edmonton, and the Church SW ROG footprint United Church original site has been disturbed. (original history site) Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential.

Horse Hill 2 Raspberry farm (4rd This farm is one Berry farm 2007 High High interpretive potential due to Berry Farm generation farm). History of of at least 4 other to present, but location along river, importance of market farms in NE berry and great- market farms in Edmonton area. Edmonton, Importance of vegetable farms grandfather of Family farms adjacent to park trails. preserving this area to grow on this floodplain. owner farmed Mult-generational historical farm. berries, fruits, and 4th generation on this property Public interest educational opportunity vegetables due to rich soil. farms. in 1880’s. to learn about market garden history in Walker 25 Homestead and stopping EarlySustainability, family 1903 to 1920’s, High HighEdmonton, interpretive and to potential coordinate due public to Farm house of Darius and Ellen farms,Agriculture, Papaschase still in family social,access socioof ROG-political, and market and economic gardens Walker on Blackmud Creek ReserveEconomy, lands, ownership in significance,with owners. Indigenous history and Indigenous/EuroCommunity - 1980’s Indigenous-Euro-Canadian history Canadian settler relationships.

NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Horse Hill 3 Place where Hudson’s Bay Fur Trade, HBC 1800 to 1900 High High interpretive potential due to Pilgrimage 26 WhereCompany Indian (HBC) and “gypsy” Contacttransportation between Pre-contact High Highlocation interpretive and speaks potential to economy due to of fur campsite caravansemployees would and families camp for indigenousand supply campsite use spriritual,trade. Public social, interest socio and-political, educational and and thepastured night horseson way for to FortLac St. inhabitantssystem, hor andse (indeterminate economicopportunity significance, along park trail.indigenous potential Anne.Edmonton. Prehistoric Place where Euroguard-Canadian of Fort age), historic history and Indigenous-Euro-Canadian pre-contact indigenousSanford Fleming’s artifacts settlers,Edmonton. Post - camps observed history, as well as to ties with region archaeology recovered(surveyor) atexpedition site during had contact post-1903. north of Edmonton (Lac St. Anne) sites cultivationbreakfast Aug.27, activities. 1872. Indigenous Artist Paul Kane visits spiritual life, Old horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. wagon trails, Horsehills Creek is a city of early history of Edmonton designated Northern Alberta protected site for flora and region, fauna. Within parkland and Indigenous adjacent farmland. archaeology Big Island 27 Coal Mine Economic history 1897 to 1934 High High interpretive potential due to Coal of Edmonton. location, economic history of Company Resource, Trade Edmonton. Public education Mine and Labour opportunity on coal mining history in history. Coal SW Edmonton. mining history. Urban settlement

Samuel 28 Blacksmith Shop and Farm Euro-Canadian Farm: 1907 to High High interpretive potential due to Adam within Papaschase Indian Settler story, 1939, Samuel family history, unique industry in rural Blacksmith Reserve Boundaries mixed farming, and Emelia area. However, Adam farm site and Shop and small industry Adam. Post - presumably blacksmith shop may have Farm history. 1939: passed on been destroyed by construction and to children. ground disturbance.

53 | Ribbon of Green

Big Island 29 Ferry landing sites Early Edmonton 1908-1917 SE & Moderate to Potential based on whether there are Ferry transportation, NE17-51-25- High remains of landing structures. Crossing river W4; 1907-1908 However, it was the site of a transportation, 2 mi. north of significant mode of transportation in local Big Island. Edmonton’s history and could transportation 1908-1917 2 mi. represent high interpretive potential, south of Big depending on level of interpretation Island planned (signage, replicas, etc) NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Pilgrimage 26 Where Indian and “gypsy” Contact between Pre-contact High High interpretive potential due to campsite caravans would camp for indigenous campsite use spriritual, social, socio-political, and and the night on way to Lac St. inhabitants and (indeterminate economic significance, indigenous potential Anne. Prehistoric Euro-Canadian age), historic history and Indigenous-Euro-Canadian pre-contact indigenous artifacts settlers, Post- camps observed history, as well as to ties with region archaeology recovered at site during contact post-1903. north of Edmonton (Lac St. Anne) sites cultivation activities. Indigenous spiritual life, Old wagon trails, early history of Northern Alberta region, Indigenous archaeology Big Island 27 Coal Mine Economic history 1897 to 1934 High High interpretive potential due to Coal of Edmonton. location, economic history of Company Resource, Trade Edmonton. Public education MineNAME ID No. SITESUMMAR and LabourTHEMES DATES INTERP_POT opportunity onPOT_NOTE coal mining history in history. Coal SW Edmonton. Pilgrimage 26 Where Indian and “gypsy” miningContact history. between Pre-contact High High interpretive potential due to campsite caravans would camp for Urbanindigenous settlement campsite use spriritual, social, socio-political, and and the night on way to Lac St. inhabitants and (indeterminate economic significance, indigenous potential Anne. Prehistoric Euro-Canadian age), historic history and Indigenous-Euro-Canadian preSamuel-contact 28 indigenousBlacksmith artifactsShop and Farm settlers,Euro-Canadian Post- campsFarm: 1907observed to High history,High interpretive as well as potential to ties with due region to archaeologyAdam recoveredwithin Papaschase at site during Indian contactSettler story, post1939,-1903. Samuel northfamily of history, Edmonton unique (Lac industry St. Anne) in rural sitesBlacksmith cultivationReserve Boundaries activities. Indigenousmixed farming, and Emelia area. However, Adam farm site and Shop and spiritualsmall industry life, Old Adam. Post - presumably blacksmith shop may have Farm wagonhistory. trails, 1939: passed on been destroyed by construction and early history of to children. ground disturbance. Northern Alberta region, Indigenous archaeology TableBig Island 11. Historic27 Coal site Mine descr iption andEconomic interpretive history 1897 potential. to 1934 High High interpretive potential due to Coal of Edmonton. location, economic history of CompanyNAME ID No. SITESUMMAR Resource,THEMES Trade DATES INTERP_POT Edmonton. PublicPOT_NOTE education Mine and Labour opportunity on coal mining history in Site name history.Site themes Coal (for Primary Interpretive SW Edmonton.Notes on interpretive potential (names are Brief summary of mininginterpretive history. period(s) in use potential not always information about the site Urbanpurposes) settlement (H,M,L) assigned) SamuelPointe la 281 BlacksmithGeographic Shoplandmark and Farmon EuroEdmonton-Canadian Farm:Sawmill: 1907 ? to to High HighSpeaks interpretive to economic potential and recreational due to AdamPie withinNorth Saskatchewan.Papaschase Indian River, SettlerEconomy, story, River 1939,1899 Samuel familyhistory history,of Edmonton. unique Public industry interest in rural Blacksmith Reservesite of McLellan Boundaries and mixedTransportation farming, andSteamboat Emelia area.and educational However, Adam opportunity farm site to learnand Shop and Featherstonaugh sawmill, smallSystem, industry River Adam.Landing: Post 1898 - presumablyabout early industries.blacksmith Possible shop may public have Farm steamboat river landing history.Recreation 1939:to ? passed on beenarchaeology destroyed opportunities. by construction and site, river excursion picnics, to children. ground disturbance. transport of flour and coal between Edmonton and Big Island 29 FerryFort. Saskatchewanlanding sites Early Edmonton 1908-1917 SE & Moderate to Potential based on whether there are Ferry transportation, NE17-51-25- High remains of landing structures. Crossing river W4; 1907-1908 However, it was the site of a transportation, 2 mi. north of significant mode of transportation in Horse Hill 2 Raspberry farm (4rd This farm is one Berry farm 2007 High High interpretive potential due to local Big Island. Edmonton’s history and could Berry Farm generation farm). History of of at least 4 other to present, but location along river, importance of market farms in NE transportationberry and 1908great-1917 2 mi. representmarket farms high in interpretive Edmonton potential, area. south of Big depending on level of interpretation Edmonton, Importance of vegetable farms grandfather of Family farms adjacent to park trails. preserving this area to grow on this floodplain. Islandowner farmed plannedMult-generational (signage, replicas,historical etc) farm. berries, fruits, and 4th generation on this property Public interest educational opportunity vegetables due to rich soil. farms. in 1880’s. to learn about market garden history in Sustainability, Edmonton, and to coordinate public Agriculture, access of ROG and market gardens NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR Economy,THEMES DATES INTERP_POT with owners. POT_NOTE Community Whitemud 30 3 school buildings close to History of 1893 to 1958 Moderate Interpretive potential is moderate due School Whitemud Creek valley Education in to significance regarding local socio- Alberta, Rural cultural history. However, it is among schools several that represent the educational history of Edmonton. Big Island 29 Ferry landing sites Early Edmonton 1908-1917 SE & Moderate to Potential based on whether there are Ferry transportation, NE17-51-25- High remains of landing structures. Horse Hill 3 Place where Hudson’s Bay Fur Trade, HBC 1800 to 1900 High High interpretive potential due to Crossing river W4; 1907-1908 However, it was the site of a Company (HBC) transportation location and speaks to economy of fur transportation, 2 mi. north of significant mode of transportation in employees and families and supply trade. Public interest and educational local Big Island. Edmonton’s history and could pastured horses for Fort system, horse opportunity along park trail. transportation 1908-1917 2 mi. represent high interpretive potential, Edmonton. Place where guard of Fort south of Big depending on level of interpretation Sanford Fleming’s Edmonton. Island planned (signage, replicas, etc) New 31 Oil(surveyor) well expedition had Oil resource 1949-? Moderate to Interpretive potential depends in part Pacalta #1 breakfast Aug.27, 1872. history in High on ability to locate original footings, Artist Paul Kane visits Edmonton area but good location within or close to horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. park system. However, it is the only Horsehills Creek is a city of site found thus far in SW ROG Edmonton designated connected to oil and gas industry. protected site for flora and Unique and significant to economic fauna. Within parkland and history of Edmonton area. adjacent farmland.

Hiller 32 Water tower house and Rural life, farm c. 1912 - ? Moderate. Although house relates to one person’s Pumphouse gauge built by local farmer, expertise and Still on Vernon history, the person and structure are Jonathan Hiller. Hiller inventions, Hiller farm in unique so rated as moderate designed and built several versatility. 1983. significance. labour saving devices on his farm.

Historical Resources Overview | 54 Whitemud 33 Landslide site on top of Natural disasters 1999 High High interpretive potential due to site Road bank overlooking North and hazards. location and relevance to river landslide Sask. River, and below Sustainable urban processes and modern city site bank where slide occurred. development and development. Unique and recent (Contemp.) Destroyed three large expansion. River natural disaster relating to human homes. valley slope history in Edmonton’s river valley. processes

Maha 34 Hindu Temple, community Immigration, 1986 to present Moderate to Although constructed in recent times Ganapathy centre, temple grounds Hindu religion, High and is not considered archaeological or Society of world religions, historical, the temple has moderate to Alberta diversity, high interpretive potential, as it can (Contemp.) globalization speak to contemporary issues such as immigration, globalization, and tolerance.

NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Whitemud 30 3 school buildings close to History of 1893 to 1958 Moderate Interpretive potential is moderate due School Whitemud Creek valley Education in to significance regarding local socio- Alberta, Rural cultural history. However, it is among schools several that represent the educational history of Edmonton.

New 31 Oil well Oil resource 1949-? Moderate to Interpretive potential depends in part Pacalta #1 history in High on ability to locate original footings, Edmonton area but good location within or close to park system. However, it is the only site found thus far in SW ROG connected to oil and gas industry. Table 11. Historic site description and interpretive potential. Unique and significant to economic history of Edmonton area. NAME ID No. SITESUMMAR THEMES DATES INTERP_POT POT_NOTE Site name Site themes (for Primary Interpretive Notes on interpretive potential (names are Brief summary of interpretive period(s) in use potential not always information about the site purposes) (H,M,L) assigned) HillerPointe la 321 WaterGeographic tower landmark house and on RuralEdmonton life, farm Sawmill:c. 1912 - ? to Moderate.High SpeaksAlthough to houseeconomic relates and to recreational one person’s PumphousePie gaugeNorth Saskatchewan.built by local farmer, River, expertiseEconomy, and River 1899Still on Vernon historyhistory, ofthe Edmonton. person and Public structure interest are Jonathansite of McLellan Hiller. Hiller and inventions,Transportation SteamboatHiller farm in andunique educational so rated asopportunity moderate to learn designedFeatherstonaugh and built sawmill, several versatility.System, River Landing:1983. 1898 aboutsignificance. early industries. Possible public laboursteamboat saving river devices landing on Recreation to ? archaeology opportunities. hissite, farm. river excursion picnics, transport of flour and coal between Edmonton and Fort. Saskatchewan

Horse Hill 2 Raspberry farm (4rd This farm is one Berry farm 2007 High High interpretive potential due to Berry Farm generation farm). History of of at least 4 other to present, but location along river, importance of market farms in NE berry and great- market farms in Edmonton area. Edmonton, Importance of vegetable farms grandfather of Family farms adjacent to park trails. Whitemud 33 Landslidepreserving site this on area top to of grow Naturalon this floodplain. disasters owner1999 farmed High MultHigh- interpretivegenerational potential historical due farm. to site Road bankberries, overlooking fruits, and North and4th generationhazards. on this property Publiclocation interest and relevance educational to river opportunity landslide Sask.vegetables River, due and to below rich soil. Sustainablefarms. urban in 1880’s. toprocesses learn about and marketmodern garden city history in site bank where slide occurred. developmentSustainability, and Edmonton,development. and Unique to coordinate and recent public (Contemp.) Destroyed three large expansion.Agriculture, River accessnatural ofdisaster ROG andrelating market to human gardens homes. valleyEconomy, slope withhistory owners. in Edmonton’s river valley. processesCommunity

Maha 34 Hindu Temple, community Immigration, 1986 to present Moderate to Although constructed in recent times Ganapathy centre, temple grounds Hindu religion, High and is not considered archaeological or SocietyHorse Hill of 3 Place where Hudson’s Bay worldFur Trade, religions, HBC 1800 to 1900 High Highhistorical, interpretive the temple potential has moderate due to to Alberta Company (HBC) diversity,transportation locationhigh interpretive and speaks potential, to economy as it canof fur (Contemp.) employees and families globalizationand supply trade.speak Publicto contemporary interest and issues educational such as pastured horses for Fort system, horse opportunityimmigration, along globalization, park trail. and Edmonton. Place where guard of Fort tolerance. Sanford Fleming’s Edmonton. (surveyor) expedition had breakfast Aug.27, 1872. Artist Paul Kane visits horse guard Dec. 5, 1848. Horsehills Creek is a city of Edmonton designated protected site for flora and fauna. Within parkland and adjacent farmland.

55 | Ribbon of Green WH 16-036-01

Table 10: Western Heritage’s (WH’s) recommendations for historic sites Table 12. Western Heritage’s (WH’s) recommendations for historic sites. ID. NAME RECOMMEND RCMND_NOTE POLICY_DIR POLICYNOTE No WH's recommendations Notes explaining WH's Pertains to O2 WH’s explanation of recommendation on about the sites with recommendations objectives policy direction respect to RofG project Pointe la Pie 1 Avoidance or Further Recommend ground Preservation Unknown if historic structural remains are Studies. survey to locate and present. Within park land with minimal record any remains of disturbance. The site should be protected and sawmill or steamboat preserved. landing, as it is unknown if remains of site exist within Ribbon of Green (ROG) footprint. Horse Hill 2 Further Studies Recommend ground Conservation Close proximity of U-pick businesses to park Berry Farm survey to locate and system. Multi-generational historical farm at record any remains of this site. historic structures. Horse Hill 3 Avoidance or Further Recommend ground Preservation Unknown if historic structural remains are Studies. survey to locate and present. Archaeological sites associated with record any historic this historical site. remains within ROG footprint. Additional information is necessary to determine the extent, nature, and value of any buried archaeological remains that may be present. Anthony 4 Avoidance or Further Recommend ground Preservation Unknown if historic structural remains are Henday Camp Studies. survey to locate and present. Within undeveloped parkland. record any historic Moderate to high archaeological potential. remains and evidence of 1755 camp. Additional information is necessary to determine the extent, nature, and value of any buried archaeological remains that may be present. Black Rock 5 Avoidance or Further Recommend ground Preservation Unknown if historic structural remains are Mine Studies. survey to locate and present. record any historic remains of mine (e.g. entrances, structures, tracks, shaft openings). Clover Bar Coal 6 Avoidance or Further Recommend ground Preservation Unknown if historic structural remains are Co. Ltd. Mine Studies. survey to locate and present. record any historic remains of mine (e.g. entrances, structures, tracks, shaft openings). Stony Plain 7 Avoidance or Further Recommend ground Preservation or ROG portion is part of former reserve. Indian Reserve Studies. survey to locate and Conservation Unknown if historic structural remains are No. 135 record any historic present. Require First Nations involvement to remains to confirm appropriately interpret sensitive site. locations from old maps. First Nations Engagement and Consultation strongly

79 Historical Resources Overview | 56 WH 16-036-01

ID. NAME RECOMMEND RCMND_NOTE POLICY_DIR POLICYNOTE No recommended to determine best type of interpretation of site area.

Edmonton Golf 8 Avoidance Recommend avoiding Preservation Historic golf course still in use and is being and Country further disturbance to maintained as such. Club this historic landscape. Wallbridge and 9 Avoidance or Further Recommend avoiding Preservation or 1950’s Historic Building with present active Imrie House, or Study further disturbance to Conservation use, under provincial jurisdiction. “Six Acres” this historic structure, apart from maintenance. Recommend Historic Sites Survey form completion with statement of significance. Holy Redeemer 10 Avoidance or Further If further Preservation or 1960’s building with present active use, under College and Study development/disturbance Conservation provincial jurisdiction. cemetery is planned, recommend site survey to determine if buildings on site are the original seminary buildings. Recommend Historic Site Survey form completion with statement of significance. Henderson 11 No Concerns No intact elements of the Active/Extensive Use Site impacted by urban development. Farm and site remains; no specific working family cemetery policy should be applied landscapes to this historic resource Twin Bridges in 12 Avoidance or Further If any further Preservation Preservation of historic structures and of Mactaggart Studies development is to take and natural area (within a nature sanctuary) Sanctuary place, ground survey Conservation required to locate any additional structures, including possible concrete bunker (known through local histories). Rabbit Hill 13 Avoidance or Further If further Preservation Preservation of the natural area within urban Studies development/disturbance residential zone. is planned, recommend ground survey and possible archaeological testing to determine if intact subsurface archaeological materials are present. Prison Farm 14 Avoidance or Further If further Preservation Possible intact historic structural remains may Studies development/disturbance be present adjacent to golf course. is planned, recommend ground survey to determine if any structural remains of prison farm (e.g.

5780 | Ribbon of Green WH 16-036-01

ID. NAME RECOMMEND RCMND_NOTE POLICY_DIR POLICYNOTE No concrete barns) are present.

Big Island 15 Avoidance or Further If further disturbance is Preservation or Possible intact historic structures and Studies planned, recommend Conservation archaeological sites remain. ground survey and possible archaeological assessment to determine if pre-contact and Historic sites are present and intact. Recommend indigenous engagement to collect stories of aboriginal use of Big Island. First Calgary 16 No Concerns No intact cultural Active/Extensive Use No specific policy should be applied to this Trail and materials are likely to be working historic resource; site impacted by Telegraph Line present along the route landscapes redevelopment of highway as it is now Highway 2 Papaschase 17 Avoidance or Further Although most of the site Preservation or Site impacted by urban development but Indian Reserve Studies is impacted by urban Conservation pockets of undisturbed former reserve land may No. 136 development, intact, exist along creeks. undisturbed portions may remain. If future development is planned, recommend ground survey to document any intact historical remains, and archaeological assessment to determine whether intact subsurface materials are present. Also recommend First Nations Engagement to create interpretive ideas and wording of any written interpretive media. Papaschase 18 Avoidance Potential burials within Preservation Site under park space, and cemetery may have Indian ROG boundary. been disturbed. Recommend surface GPR Cemetery Sensitive subject. If survey to locate burials before any further future development is developments take place in the area. planned, strongly recommend ground- penetrating radar (GPR) examination to determine if graves may be present below surface of park areas of this quarter. First Nations engagement and monitoring strongly recommended; no ground disturbance should proceed without meaningful First Nations engagement.

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ID. NAME RECOMMEND RCMND_NOTE POLICY_DIR POLICYNOTE No Canadian 19 Avoidance or Further If future development is Conservation Depending on results of ground survey, there Northern Studies planned, recommend may or may not be any remains to conserve or Western ground survey to protect, but it is likely that most of the site has Railway Trestle determine type of been impacted by more recent cultural activity. structure crossing the creek, whether it relates to this historic structure, and if any conservation/restorative measures required. Loveland 20 Avoidance or Further If future development is Preservation or Remains of site unknown. Recommend ground Brothers Gold Studies planned, recommend Conservation survey. Dredge ground survey to find gold dredge machinery debris and any other related materials along river shore. Rabbit Hill 21 Avoidance or Further If future development is Conservation Depending on results of ground survey, there Collieries No. 1 Studies planned, recommend may or may not be any remains to conserve or & 2 ground survey to protect. There are likely to be areas that have determine whether been disturbed and impacted by coal mining historic materials remain activity and subsequent cultural activities, as (e.g. mine locations, well as areas that are intact and should be tracks, mine tipples and protected/avoided. other structural remains).

White Star Coal 22 Avoidance or Further If future development is Conservation Depending on results of ground survey, there Co. Ltd. Studies planned, recommend may or may not be any remains to conserve or ground survey to protect. There are likely to be areas that have determine whether been disturbed and impacted by coal mining historic materials remain activity and subsequent cultural activities, as (e.g. mine locations, well as areas that are intact and should be tracks, mine tipples and protected/avoided. other structural remains).

Rabbit Hill 23 No Concerns Church was moved to Active/Extensive Use Church site has been redeveloped. United Church new site near Rabbit Hill working (original site) in 1928. The original site landscapes here has been disturbed and replaced with urban development. Ashby Farm 24 Avoidance or Further If future development is Preservation or Farm buildings and house possibly presently and Elevators Studies planned, recommend Conservation used. Site may still be intact and in a rural ground survey of site to setting. determine which original farm buildings still exist. Recommend updating historical building survey forms with statement of significance. Walker Farm 25 Avoidance or Further If future development is Preservation or Condition of site and associated structures are Studies planned, recommend conservation unknown. Portions of site may remain intact. ground survey of site to determine whether farm

5982 | Ribbon of Green WH 16-036-01

ID. NAME RECOMMEND RCMND_NOTE POLICY_DIR POLICYNOTE No buildings and stopping house still exist.

Pilgrimage 26 Avoidance or Further If future development is Preservation Site location unknown, and there are campsite and Studies planned, recommend undeveloped portions of Blackmud Creek potential pre- ground survey of site to Valley. at 111 ST that are of high contact determine whether archaeological potential. archaeology historic buildings remain sites on land. Archaeological assessment also strongly recommended, as there appears to be a lengthy history of indigenous occupation of the area that extends from the Precontact period into the Historic period, an important transition. Big Island Coal 27 Avoidance or Further If future development is Conservation Depending on results of ground survey, there Company Mine Studies planned, recommend may or may not be any remains to conserve or ground survey to protect. There are likely to be areas that have determine whether been disturbed and impacted by coal mining historic materials remain activity and subsequent cultural activities, as (e.g. mine locations, well as areas that are intact and should be tracks, mine tipples and protected/avoided. other structural remains).

Samuel Adam 28 Further Studies Recommend ground Active/Extensive Use Site probably destroyed by ground disturbance, Blacksmith survey to determine working and structures removed. Shop and Farm whether historic landscapes materials remain. Big Island Ferry 29 Further Studies Recommend ground Preservation or If remains of site can be found with ground Crossing survey to locate ferry Conservation survey, should be preserved as part of landing footings or other interpretation along river. remains. Whitemud 30 Further Studies Recommend ground Preservation or If remains of schools can be found with ground School survey to determine if Conservation survey, they should be preserved as part of school buildings or interpretation. foundations remain. New Pacalta #1 31 Further Studies Requires ground survey Preservation or If remains of oil well can be found with ground and more historic Conservation survey, they should be preserved as part of research to determine interpretation. specific location. Hiller 32 Further Studies Recommend ground Indeterminate Requires historical building survey to Pumphouse survey to determine if determine if original structure still exists and pump house still on site. what condition it is in. Recommend historical site survey form completion and statement of significance if structure is original pump house.

83 Historical Resources Overview | 60 WH 16-036-01

ID. NAME RECOMMEND RCMND_NOTE POLICY_DIR POLICYNOTE No Whitemud Road 33 Avoidance No impact should be Preservation Site is significant example of interface of landslide site planned for the site area natural and human history in Edmonton. (Contemporary) or inits vicinity. Edge and slope stability should not be compromised. Maha 34 No Concerns Site is contemporary and Active/Extensive Use Presently actively used temple. Ganapathy is currently owned and in working Society of use by a religious landscapes Alberta organization (Contemporary)

Table 13. Western Heritage’s (WH’s) recommendations for acceptable impacts and possible Table 11:interpretation Western Heritage’s media for (WH’s) historic recommendationssites. for acceptable impacts and possible interpretation media for historic sites. ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM SOURCES No ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM Site name No WH's judgment WH’s suggested possible (names are about acceptable Notes about level of interpretation medium Sitenot alwaysname levelWH's of judgment impact in acceptable impact WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium (namesassigned) are aboutthe siteacceptable areas Notes about level of not always level of impact in acceptable impact Pointeassigned) la Pie 1 theNone site to areas Low No impact or very Rest area / kiosk which The Fort on the Saskatchewan. Peter T. Ream, limited impact related to interprets the important 1984, pp. 224,286, 294, 368 Pointe la Pie 1 None to Low Nohistoric impact interpretation or very Reshistoryt area of / thekiosk economic which interprets https://www.google.ca/maps/place/Township the important history of the economic limitedshould impactbe planned related for to relationshiprelationship betweenbetween Edmonton+Rd+545,+Gibbons,+AB+T0A+1N0/@53.68 and Fort Saskatchewan. historicthe site interpretationarea. Edmonton and Fort 93096,- should be planned for Saskatchewan. 113.3035275,8636m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m the site area. 4!1s0x53a0386636129161:0x6b0d68e72237a d18!8m2!3d53.7019125!4d-113.264732 Horse Hill 2 Moderate Depending on results of Trail marker or rest area https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ON1c2v Berry Farm ground survey, moderate interpreting history of BtoM “Jackie Clark, Horse Hill Berry Horse Hill 2 Moderate Dependingimpacts may on be results planned of Trailthe various marker farms or rest here. area interpretingFarm on Urban history Agriculture” of the various farms google here. Berry Farm groundfor the sitesurvey, relating moderate to NegotiateNegotiate withwith landland ownersmaps access to market gardens. Public access to impactsinterpretation may be and planned market market.owners access to market https://www.google.ca/maps/place/Township forgarden. the site Preservation relating to of gardens. Public access to +Rd+545,+Gibbons,+AB+T0A+1N0/@53.70 interpretationany remaining and historic market market. 09539,- garden.structures Preservation or areas of of 113.2952636,270m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4 anyecological remaining or historical historic !1s0x53a0386636129161:0x6b0d68e72237ad structuressensitivity. or areas of 18!8m2!3d53.7019125!4d-113.264732 ecological or historical Horse Hill 3 None to Low sensitivity.No impact or very Could be part of larger Canadian Heritage Rivers System limited impact should be space and rest area at Background Study North Sask. River Alberta Horse Hill 3 None to Low Noplanned impact for or the very site Couldnorthern be pointpart of of larger ROG space2005. and restp. 71 area at northern point of The ROG Fort park on limitedarea. Intact impact subsurface should be topark interpret to interpret fur trade fur tradehistory the between Saskatchewan Edmonton Peter and T. Fort Ream Saskatchewan. 1974, pp. Possibility low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small plannedarchaeological for the resources site history between 451,453 Horsehills Creek interpretive centre. area.may beIntact present. subsurface Edmonton and Fort Wikipedia archaeological resources Saskatchewan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehills_Cree may be present. Possibility low impact k kiosk with interpretive panels or small interpretive centre.

Black Rock 5 Moderate Moderate impacts could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Mine be planned for area mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, 61 | Ribbon of Green relating to interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. 84 of the site.

Clover Bar 6 Moderate Moderate impacts could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Coal Co. Ltd. be planned for area mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, Mine relating to interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. of the site

Stony Plain 7 Low to Moderate Moderate impacts could Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to Indian be planned for parts of develop interpretation. Reserve No. the area, depending on 135 outcomes of engagement and ground survey. ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No Site name WH's judgment WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium (names are about acceptable Notes about level of not always level of impact in acceptable impact assigned) the site areas Pointe la Pie 1 None to Low No impact or very Rest area / kiosk which interprets the important history of the economic limited impact related to relationship between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. historic interpretation should be planned for the site area.

Horse Hill 2 Moderate Depending on results of Trail marker or rest area interpreting history of the various farms here. Berry Farm ground survey, moderate Negotiate with land owners access to market gardens. Public access to impacts may be planned market. for the site relating to interpretation and market garden. Preservation of any remaining historic structures or areas of ecological or historical sensitivity. Horse Hill 3 None to Low No impact or very Could be part of larger space and rest area at northern point of ROG park limited impact should be to interpret fur trade history between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. planned for the site Possibility low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small area. Intact subsurface interpretive centre. archaeological resources may be present.

Anthony ID.4 None to Low No impact or very History of Anthony Henday in Edmonton area can be noted in the fur NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM Henday Camp No limited impact should be trade interpretive space. planned for the site Site name WH's judgment WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium area. Intact subsurface (names are about acceptable Notes about level of archaeological resources not always level of impact in acceptable impact may be present. assigned) the site areas BlackPointe Rock la Pie 51 NoneModerate to Low ModerateNo impact impacts or very could RestRest andarea interpretive/ kiosk which area interprets at southern the importanttip of NE ROGhistory dedicated of the economic to coal Mine limitedbe planned impact for arearelated to minerelationship history between in NE Edmonton. Edmonton Could and Fort bring Saskatchewan. in discussions of trade, historicrelating interpretationto interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. shouldof the site. be planned for the site area.

CloverHorse Hill Bar 62 Moderate ModerateDepending impacts on results cou ofld RestTrail andmarker interpretive or rest area area interpreting at southern historytip of NE of theROG various dedicated farms to here. coal CoalBerry Co. Farm Ltd. beground planned survey, for areamoderate mineNegotiate history with in landNE Edmonton. owners access Could to marketbring in gardens. discussions Public of accesstrade, to Mine relatingimpacts tomay interpretation be planned economy,market. urban growth, industry. offo rthe the site site relating to interpretation and market garden. Preservation of any remaining historic structures or areas of ecological or historical Stony Plain 7 Low to Moderate Moderate impacts could Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to sensitivity. Indian be planned for parts of develop interpretation. HorseReserve Hill No. 3 None to Low Nothe impactarea, depending or very on Could be part of larger space and rest area at northern point of ROG park 135 ID. outcomes of engagement NAME IMPACT limitedIMPACTNOTE impact should be to interpret fur trade history betweenINT_MEDIUM Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. No plannedand ground for survey.the site Possibility low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small interpretive centre. Edmonton 8 Low Historicarea. Intact golf subsurface course from Recommend recognition of history of this Golf course with marker in Golf and ADarchaeological 1910. Historic resources park trail area along river adjacent to present golf course. Marker can Country Club landscapemay be present. requires low also recognize this area as a hunting place for original indigenous impact: golf course inhabitants. maintenance only.

Anthony 4 None to Low No impact or very History of Anthony Henday in Edmonton area can be noted in the fur Henday Camp limited impact should be trade interpretive space. planned for the site Wallbridge 9 Low to Moderate Lowarea. impactIntact subsurfaceto site and Suggest an interpretive marker along a trail with view of house. Review and Imrie building.archaeological Building resources future plans for house with province if present non-profit organization House, or maintenance.may be present. Moderate leaves, e.g. potential to re-create architectural office as a museum with “Six Acres” impacts if building is coffee shop/ cafe, public bathrooms. Would provide public services Black Rock 5 Moderate restoredModerate to impacts original could withinRest and riv interpretiveer valley, with area minimal at southern additional tip of NEdisturbance ROG dedicated to surrounding to coal Mine bedesign planned and openfor area to mineriver valley.history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, relatingpublic. to interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. of the site.

Holy 10 Low to Moderate Level of impact will Trail marker and rest site in river valley. Redeemer depend on historic College and building and ground Stonycemetery Plain 7 Low to Moderate survey,Moderate and impacts provincial could Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to Indian governmentbe planned for plans parts for of develop interpretation. Reserve No. site.the area, Recommend depending any on 135 siteoutcomes interpretations of engagement maintainand ground privacy survey. and security for Justice Training Centre. Henderson 11 High Farm site highly Recommend low impact site recognition in Creek valley, such as rest Historical Resources Overview | 62 Farm and impacted by urban area and viewpoint with markers/signage. Recommend including family development. recognition of former cemetery in this quarter. cemetery ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No Edmonton 8 Low Historic golf course from Recommend recognition of history of this Golf course with marker in Golf and AD 1910. Historic park trail area along river adjacent to present golf course. Marker can Country Club landscape requires low also recognize this area as a hunting place for original indigenous impact: golf course inhabitants. maintenance only.

Wallbridge 9 Low to Moderate Low impact to site and Suggest an interpretive marker along a trail with view of house. Review and Imrie building. Building future plans for house with province if present non-profit organization House, or maintenance. Moderate leaves, e.g. potential to re-create architectural office as a museum with “Six Acres” impacts if building is coffee shop/ cafe, public bathrooms. Would provide public services restored to original within river valley, with minimal additional disturbance to surrounding design and open to river valley. public.

Holy 10 Low to Moderate Level of impact will Trail marker and rest site in river valley. Redeemer depend on historic College and building and ground cemetery ID. survey, and provincial NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No government plans for site. Recommend any Site name WH's judgment site interpretations WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium (names are ID. about acceptable maintainNotes aboutprivacy level and of NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM not always No level of impact in securityacceptable for Justice impact assigned) the site areas Training Centre. Twin Bridges 12 None or Low No impact or very little One or two historical structures need conservation and stabilizing work inHendersonPointe Mactaggart la Pie 111 NoneHigh to Low impactFarmNo impact site is recommended.highly or very (e.g.RecommendRest oldarea metal / kiosk low bridge whichimpact [c. interprets site1930], recog concrete thenition important inbunker Creek history if valley, located), of suchthe but economic as no rest SanctuaryFarm and impactedlimited impact by urban related to redevelopmentarearelationship and viewpoint between is recomme with Edmonton markers/signage.nded. and Rest Fort area Saskatchewan. Recommend with interpretive including family historicdevelopment. interpretation markers/signagerecognition of former may becemetery appropriate, in this to quarter. interpret history of community cemetery should be planned for and the bridge, as well as to commemorate Sandy MacTaggart, who the site area. donated land for nature sanctuary.

ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No Horse Hill 2 Moderate Depending on results of Trail marker or rest area interpreting history of the various farms here. TwinBerry BridgeFarm s 12 None or Low Noground impact survey, or very moderate little OneNegotiate or two with historical land owne structuresrs access need to conservationmarket gardens. and Public stabilizing access work to in Mactaggart impactimpacts is may recommended. be planned (e.g.market. old metal bridge [c. 1930], concrete bunker if located), but no Sanctuary for the site relating to redevelopment is recommended. Rest area with interpretive interpretation and market markers/signage may be appropriate, to interpret history of community garden. Preservation of and the bridge, as well as to commemorate Sandy MacTaggart, who any remaining historic donated land for nature sanctuary. structures or areas of ecological or historical sensitivity. Rabbit Hill 13 None or Low No impact or very little Trail marker, rest area to acknowledge indigenous pre-contact life and Horse Hill 3 None to Low impactNo impact is recommended. or very economy,Could be part and ofscience larger of space archaeology and rest areain Edmonton. at northern Possible point of interpretive ROG park limited impact should be opportunitiesto interpret fur for trade public history education between regarding Edmonton archaeology, and Fort Saskatchewan. indigenous planned for the site traditionalPossibility knowledge.low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small area. Intact subsurface interpretive centre. archaeological resources may be present.

Rabbit Hill 13 None or Low No impact or very little Trail marker, rest area to acknowledge indigenous pre-contact life and impact is recommended. economy, and science of archaeology in Edmonton. Possible interpretive PrisonAnthony Farm 144 None orto Low LevelNo impact of impact or very opportunitiesGoodHistory location of Anthony for for public interpretive Henday education in rest Edmonton regardingarea along area archaeology, river can nearbe noted present indigenous in the golf fur

Henday Camp dependentlimited impact on results should of be traditionalcourse.trade interpretive Potential knowledge. forspace. public education about justice and corrections groundplanned survey, for the but site no history in Edmonton. impactarea. Intact or very subsurface little impactarchaeological is recommended. resources may be present.

Black Rock 5 Moderate Moderate impacts could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal BigMine Island 15 Low to Moderate Dependingbe planned onfor resultsarea of Restmine areahist oryand in interpretive NE Edmonton. kiosk Could with focus bring on in prediscussionscontact and of trade,Euro- archaeologicalrelating to interpretation survey, Canadianeconomy, history.urban growth, Potential industry. for public Prison Farm 14 None or Low lowLevelof the to of site.moderate impact impacts participation/engagement/education,Good location for interpretive rest area with along boat river excursions near present to island, golf re- maydependent be planned on results for site of creatingcourse. Potential old time forpicnics, public gold education panning. about justice and corrections relatedground tosurvey, interpretation. but no history in Edmonton. impact or very little impact is recommended. Clover Bar 6 Moderate Moderate impacts could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Coal Co. Ltd. be planned for area mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, Mine relating to interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. Big Island 15 Low to Moderate Dependingof the site on results of Rest area and interpretive kiosk with focus on precontact and Euro- First Calgary 16 High Trailarchaeological has already survey, been LowCanadian impact history. interpretation Potential can for bepublic planned in ROG, such as a trail marker Trail and impactedlow to moderate by existing impacts inparticipation/engagement/education, valley park to recognize the original with trail boat and excursions telegraph lineto island, re- Telegraph transportationmay be planned corridor. for site creating old time picnics, gold panning. Line related to interpretation. Stony Plain 7 Low to Moderate Moderate impacts could Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to Indian be planned for parts of develop interpretation. Reserve No. the area, depending on 135 outcomes of engagement and ground survey.

First Calgary 16 High Trail has already been Low impact interpretation can be planned in ROG, such as a trail marker Trail and impacted by existing in valley park to recognize the original trail and telegraph line 63 |Telegraph Ribbon of Green transportation corridor. Line ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No Twin Bridges 12 None or Low No impact or very little One or two historical structures need conservation and stabilizing work in Mactaggart impact is recommended. (e.g. old metal bridge [c. 1930], concrete bunker if located), but no Sanctuary redevelopment is recommended. Rest area with interpretive markers/signage may be appropriate, to interpret history of community and the bridge, as well as to commemorate Sandy MacTaggart, who donated land for nature sanctuary.

Prison Farm 14 None or Low Level of impact Good location for interpretive rest area along river near present golf dependent on results of course. Potential for public education about justice and corrections ground survey, but no history in Edmonton. impact or very little impact is recommended.

Big Island 15 Low to Moderate Depending on results of Rest area and interpretive kiosk with focus on precontact and Euro- archaeological survey, Canadian history. Potential for public low to moderate impacts participation/engagement/education, with boat excursions to island, re- may be planned for site creating old time picnics, gold panning. ID. related to interpretation. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No Site name WH's judgment WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium (names are about acceptable Notes about level of not always level of impact in acceptable impact assigned) the site areas PointeFirst Calgary la Pie 161 NoneHigh to Low NoTrail impact has already or very been ResLowt areaimpact / kiosk interpretation which interprets can be plannedthe important in ROG, history such of as the a trail economic marker Trail and limitedimpacted impact by existing related to relationshipin valley park between to recognize Edmonton the original and Fort trail Saskatchewan. and telegraph line Telegraph transportation corridor. ID. historic interpretation LineNAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No should be planned for the site area. Papaschase 17 Low to Moderate Depending on results of Special/sensitive places interpretive site. Recommend Indigenous Indian archaeological survey, Engagement to develop interpretation. Reserve No. low to moderate impacts Horse136 Hill 2 Moderate Dependingmay be planned on results for site, of Trail marker or rest area interpreting history of the various farms here. Berry Farm groundas related survey, to moderate Negotiate with land owners access to market gardens. Public access to impactsinterpretation. may be planned market. foRecommendr the site relating low impact to interpretation andwhere market garden.applicable Preservation in ROG is of anyrecommended. remaining historic Papaschase 18 None Nostructures further or impacts areas of are Requires Indigenous Engagement to approve and develop any Indian recommended.ecological or historical interpretation that might be planned for this area. Possible rest area and Cemetery Spirituallysensitivity. significant commemorative view point, if indigenous advisors recommend. Horse Hill 3 None to Low Noplace. impact or very Could be part of larger space and rest area at northern point of ROG park limited impact should be to interpret fur trade history between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. planned for the site Possibility low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small area. Intact subsurface interpretive centre. archaeological resources may be present.

Canadian 19 Low to Moderate Low impacts Trail marker to interpret railway and transportation history in south Northern recommended for this Edmonton. Suggest creek crossing could be incorporated into a trail as Western area, unless ground part of historic cultural landscape. Railway survey demonstrates no AnthonyTrestle 4 None to Low Nosurviving impact remains or very of History of Anthony Henday in Edmonton area can be noted in the fur Henday Camp limitedtrestle. impact should be trade interpretive space. planned for the site area. Intact subsurface archaeological resources Loveland 20 Low mayLevel be of present. acceptable Rest area with trail marker on river trail. Interpretation of Loveland Brothers Gold impact will depend on dredge can also represent other companies working this part of river, e.g. DredgeBlack Rock 5 Moderate Moderateresults of groundimpacts survey. could RestStar Miningand interpretive Co. area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Mine beImpact planned levels for can area be re- mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, relatingevaluated to pendinginterpretation these economy, urban growth, industry. ofresults. the site.

Rabbit Hill 21 Low Level of acceptable Collection of old mines in SW Edmonton along Whitemud Creek could Collieries No. impact will depend on be interpreted in one rest area with interpretive kiosk. 1Clover & 2 Bar 6 Moderate Moderateresults of groundimpacts survey. could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Coal Co. Ltd. beImpact planned levels for can area be re- mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, Mine relatingevaluated to pendinginterpretation these economy, urban growth, industry. ofresults. the site White Star 22 Low Level of acceptable Collection of old mines in SW Edmonton along Whitemud Creek could Coal Co. Ltd. impact will depend on be interpreted in one rest area with interpretive kiosk. results of ground survey. Impact levels can be re- Stony Plain 7 Low to Moderate Moderateevaluated impactspending couldthese Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to Indian beresults. planned for parts of develop interpretation. Reserve No. the area, depending on 135 outcomes of engagement and ground survey.

Historical Resources Overview | 64 ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No ID. RabbitNAME Hill 23 Low IMPACTto Moderate ChurchIMPACTNOTE no longer exists, Trail Marker and Rest area couldINT_MEDIUM acknowledge the presence of Rabbit No United but possibly open space Hill School, Community Hall, (both at different sites), and Church at this ChurchSite name WH's judgment at original site, on or site within theWH’s creek suggested valley. Trail possible marker interpretation on this part medium of Whitemud Creek (original(names site)are about acceptable nearNotes site aboutof new level golf of park system can acknowledge this site as original location of Rabbit Hill not always ID. level of impact in course.acceptable Any new impact Church, but can also recognize the second church located near Rabbit NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM assigned) No the site areas developments should be Hill. low to moderate impact PointeRabbit laHill Pie 231 LowNone to Moderateto Low dueNoChurch impact to close no orlonger proximity very exists, to ResTrailt areaMarker / kiosk and whichRest area interprets could acknowledgethe important thehistory presence of the of economic Rabbit United creek.limitedbut possibly impact open related space to relationshipHill School, betweenCommunity Edmonton Hall, (both and Fortat different Saskatchewan. sites), and Church at this Church historicat original interpretation site, on or site within the creek valley. Trail marker on this part of Whitemud Creek (original site) shouldnear site be of planned new golf for park system can acknowledge this site as original location of Rabbit Hill thecourse. site Anyarea. new Church, but can also recognize the second church located near Rabbit developments should be Hill. low to moderate impact due to close proximity to creek. Horse Hill 2 Moderate Depending on results of Trail marker or rest area interpreting history of the various farms here. Berry Farm ground survey, moderate Negotiate with land owners access to market gardens. Public access to impacts may be planned market. Ashby Farm 24 None to Low foLevelr the of site acceptable relating to Potential for public education about public service and Alberta politics. and Elevators impactinterpretation will depend and market on Trail marker within Whitemud Creek park system. Possibility to resultsgarden. of Preservation survey. Need of preserve historic structures on site. Suggest public education marker anyhistorical remaining building historic recognizing Mr. Ashby as a farmer/rancher and a politician. Marker surveystructures to determineor areas of if must generalize location of present farm to protect current occupant’s structuresecological stillor historical intact on privacy. sensitivity.site, and condition they Ashby Farm 24 None to Low areLevel in. ofUnder acceptable private Potential for public education about public service and Alberta politics. Horse Hill 3 None to Low Could be part of larger space and rest area at northern point of ROG park and Elevators ownership.impactNo impact will or dependNeed very on Trail marker within Whitemud Creek park system. Possibility to to interpret fur trade history between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. coordinationresultslimited ofimpact survey. with should Needowner, be preserve historic structures on site. Suggest public education marker Possibility low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small City,historicalplanned and for Provincebuilding the site to recognizing Mr. Ashby as a farmer/rancher and a politician. Marker interpretive centre. determinearea.survey Intact to determine future subsurface site if must generalize location of present farm to protect current occupant’s impacts.archaeologicalstructures still intactresources on privacy. maysite, andbe present. condition they are in. Under private ownership. Need coordination with owner, City, and Province to Walker Farm 25 None to Low Level of acceptable Trail Marker and view point. determine future site impact will depend on impacts. Anthony 4 None to Low resultsNo impact of ground or very survey. History of Anthony Henday in Edmonton area can be noted in the fur Henday Camp Impactlimited levelsimpact can should be re be- trade interpretive space. evalplanneduated for pending the site these results.area. Intact subsurface archaeological resources Pilgrimage 26 None to Low Low impact for this area Trail Marker and rest area Walker Farm 25 None to Low mayLevel be of present. acceptable Trail Marker and view point. campsite and impactbecause will it is depend a natural on potential pre- park space within Black Rock 5 Moderate Moderateresults of groundimpacts survey. could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal contact ImpactBlackmud levels Creek can area, be re - archaeologyMine andbe planned could contain for area an mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, relatingevaluated to pendinginterpretation these economy, urban growth, industry. sites results.archaeological site relatingof the site. to annual Pilgrimage 26 None to Low pilgrimage.Low impact for this area Trail Marker and rest area campsite and because it is a natural potentialBig Island pre - 27 Low parkLevel space of acceptable within Collection of old mines in SW Edmonton along Whitemud Creek could contactCoal Blackmudimpact will Creek depend area, on be interpreted in one rest area with interpretive kiosk. Company results of ground survey. Cloverarchaeology Bar 6 Moderate Moderateand could impactscontain ancou ld Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Mine Impact levels can be re- Coalsites Co. Ltd. bearchaeological planned for areasite mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, evaluated pending these Mine relating to annualinterpretation economy, urban growth, industry. results. ofpilgrimage. the site BigSamuel Island Adam 2728 HighLow LevelHigh impact of acceptable appears to CollectionTrail marker of alongold mines Blackmud in SW Creek, Edmonton could along consist Whitemud of public Creek interest could CoalBlacksmith impactalready willhave depend occurred on on beinformation interpreted along in one park rest trail area acknowledging with interpretive early kiosk. small farm industries. ShopCompany and resultssite. Low of groundimpact markersurvey. FarmMine Impactin Creek levels trail systemcan be reis - Stony Plain 7 Low to Moderate Moderateevaluatedrecommended. impactspending couldthese Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to Indian beresults. planned for parts of develop interpretation. SamuelReserve AdamNo. 28 High Highthe area, impact depending appears on to Trail marker along Blackmud Creek, could consist of public interest Blacksmith135 alreadyoutcomes have of engagementoccurred on information along park trail acknowledging early small farm industries. Shop and sandite. groundLow impact survey. marker Farm in Creek trail system is recommended.

65 | Ribbon of Green ID. NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No Big Island 29 Low Low impact Trail marker and signage, possibly preserving remains of landing. Ferry recommended for area Crossing because of close proximity to river, fragility of any remains of ferry landing. Whitemud 30 Low to Moderate Low to Moderate impact Trail marker on Whitemud Creek park system for recognition of rural School recommended due to school in SW Edmonton (Whitemud School). Although schools may not ID. apparently low levels of have been located directly within ROG boundary, school building sites NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM No disturbance of sites, and are very close to ROG boundary and could be interpreted within moderate historical Whitemud Creek natural trail areas. Sites do not appear to be disturbed Big Island 29 Low significanceLow impact of buildings. byTrail urban marker development. and signage, possibly preserving remains of landing. Ferry recommended for area Crossing because of close ID. NAME IMPACT proximityIMPACTNOTE to river, INT_MEDIUM No fragility of any remains of ferry landing. Site name WH's judgment WH’s suggested possible interpretation medium Whitemud(names are 30 aboutLow to acceptable Moderate LowNotes to Mode aboutrate level impact of Trail marker on Whitemud Creek park system for recognition of rural not always ID. SchoolNAME levelIMPACT of impact in recommendedacceptableIMPACTNOTE dueimpact to school in SW Edmonton (WhitemudINT_MEDIUM School). Although schools may not assigned) No the site areas apparently low levels of have been located directly within ROG boundary, school building sites disturbance of sites, and are very close to ROG boundary and could be interpreted within Big Island 29 Low Low impact Trail marker and signage, possibly preserving remains of landing. Pointe la Pie 1 None to Low moderateNo impact historical or very WhitemudRest area / Creekkiosk whichnatural interprets trail areas. the Sites important do not history appear ofto thebe disturbedeconomic Ferry recommended for area significancelimited impact of relatedbuildings. to byrelationship urban development. between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. Crossing historicbecause interpretationof close New Pacalta 31 Low to Moderate shouldLevelproximity of be acceptable toplanned river, for Public education opportunity on oil and gas exploration in Edmonton fragility of any remains #1 theimpact site will area. depend on area. Suggest rest area and marker within park system. resultsof ferry of landing. ground survey. Whitemud 30 Low to Moderate LowImpact to levelsMode ratecan impactbe Trail marker on Whitemud Creek park system for recognition of rural School recommendedevaluated pending due theseto school in SW Edmonton (Whitemud School). Although schools may not Horse Hill 2 Moderate Dependingapparentlyresults. lowon results levels of Trailhave beenmarker located or rest directly area interpreting within ROG history boundary, of the school various building farms here. sites Berry Farm grounddisturbance survey, of sites, moderate and Negotiateare very close with to land ROG owne boundaryrs access and to couldmarket be gardens. interpreted Public within access to Hiller 32 Indeterminate Extentimpactsmoderate of may impacthistorical be planned Potentialmarket.Whitemud for Creek public natural education trail areas.about Sitesunique do farm not appearand farmer to be in disturbed south Pumphouse indeterminatefosignificancer the site relating of until buildings. tosite is Edmonton.by urban development. Potential to create a trail marker in park area to examinedinterpretation and andoccupants market commemorate Jonathan Hiller, with present landowner’s permission. /garden. owners Preservation of site are of Marker must be careful to generalize location of pumphouse if it still New Pacalta 31 Low to Moderate contacted.Levelany remaining of acceptable historic exists,Public toeducation protect privacyopportunity of present on oil landowner.and gas exploration Trail Marker in Edmonton could be #1 impactstructures will or depend areas of on locatedarea. Suggest in park rest area area at southand marker end of within SW ROG park system. resultsecological of ground or historical survey. Impactsensitivity. levels can be evaluated pending these Horse Hill 3 None to Low No impact or very Could be part of larger space and rest area at northern point of ROG park results. limited impact should be to interpret fur trade history between Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan. planned for the site Possibility low impact kiosk with interpretive panels or small Hiller 32 Indeterminate area.Extent Intact of impact subsurface Potentialinterpretive for centre. public education about unique farm and farmer in south Pumphouse archaeologicalindeterminate until resources site is Edmonton. Potential to create a trail marker in park area to examined and occupants commemorate Jonathan Hiller, with present landowner’s permission. New Pacalta 31 Low to Moderate Levelmay be of present. acceptable Public education opportunity on oil and gas exploration in Edmonton / owners of site are Marker must be careful to generalize location of pumphouse if it still #1 contacted.impact will depend on exists,area. Suggest to protect rest privacy area and of markerpresent withinlandowner. park Trailsystem. Marker could be results of ground survey. located in park area at south end of SW ROG Impact levels can be evaluated pending these Whitemud 33 Low Noresults. impact or very Trail marker and possible viewing scope along river valley trail across Anthony 4 None to Low No impact or very History of Anthony Henday in Edmonton area can be noted in the fur Road limited impact should be the river from landslide site, in park area. May need to contact home Henday Camp limited impact should be trade interpretive space. Hillerlandslide site 32 Indeterminate Extentplanned of for impact the actual Potentialowners next for topublic the site education regarding about privacy unique concerns. farm and farmer in south planned for the site Pumphouse(Contemp.) siteindeterminate area. Impact until relating site is Edmonton. Potential to create a trail marker in park area to area. Intact subsurface toexamined site would and be occupants in commemorate Jonathan Hiller, with present landowner’s permission. archaeological resources location/ owners acrossof site theare river. Marker must be careful to generalize location of pumphouse if it still contacted.may be present. exists, to protect privacy of present landowner. Trail Marker could be located in park area at south end of SW ROG Black Rock ID.5 Moderate Moderate impacts could Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal NAME IMPACT IMPACTNOTE INT_MEDIUM Mine No be planned for area mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, relating to interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. Maha 34 None to Low Maha Ganapathy Society Trail marker along Blackmud Creek near temple to recognize Hindu of the site. GanapathyWhitemud 33 Low willNo impact determine or very impacts. religionTrail marker in Edmonton, and possible as well viewing as any scope other along relevant river themes. valley trail across SocietyRoad of limited impact should be the river from landslide site, in park area. May need to contact home Albertalandslide site planned for the actual owners next to the site regarding privacy concerns. (Contemp.) site area. Impact relating to site would be in Clover Bar 6 Moderate locationModerate across impacts the cou river.ld Rest and interpretive area at southern tip of NE ROG dedicated to coal Coal Co. Ltd. be planned for area mine history in NE Edmonton. Could bring in discussions of trade, Mine relating to interpretation economy, urban growth, industry. of the site

Whitemud 33 Low No impact or very Trail marker and possible viewing scope along river valley trail across Road limited impact should be the river from landslide site, in park area. May need to contact home landslide site planned for the actual owners next to the site regarding privacy concerns. (Contemp.) Stony Plain 7 Low to Moderate Moderatesite area. Impactimpacts relating could Special places interpretive site. Needs Indigenous Engagement to Indian beto siteplanned would for be parts in of develop interpretation. Reserve No. thelocation area, acrossdepending the river.on 135 outcomes of engagement and ground survey.

Historical Resources Overview | 66 Narrative Summary: Historic Sites

The numerous archaeological sites within the Ribbon of Green study areas are testament to the thousands of years that ancestral Indigenous groups occupied the North Saskatchewan River Valley and adjacent lands in what is now known as the Edmonton area. These occupants used the river as a travel corridor and resource base. Trade activities, camping, fishing, and hunting animals such as bison took place along the North Saskatchewan and its tributaries, including Whitemud and Blackmud Creeks, the English names of which are translations of Cree names wapitanisk and kas-ki-te-oo asiski, respectively.

Further research is needed in order to more completely document the presence of Métis people within the Ribbon of Green footprint. However, there is a history of the Métis in the wider Edmonton region; for example, the Métis river lots along the Sturgeon River in St. Albert, Fort Saskatchewan, and Edmonton Settlement. These people also had considerable connections with Lac St. Anne, a spiritual site located about 70 kilometres (km) northwest of Edmonton, and likely also with more distant Métis communities, such as Buffalo Lake. A probable example of a site related to Métis activity within the Ribbon of Green footprint is Walker farm, which was a stopping house on Blackmud Creek that likely hosted Catholic pilgrims, including Métis travellers, en route to and from Lac St. Anne. Further research and interviews with Métis descendants of the area may help to unearth more of the Métis history of the region.

Early contact with Europeans took place along the North Saskatchewan River, and there are rumours of a camp where early Hudson Bay explorer Anthony Henday and his crew stopped to rest and build canoes before embarking on a rigorous voyage down the River eastward to York Factory on Hudson’s Bay. In the most northerly part of the Ribbon of Green is a site where Fort Edmonton pastured their prized horses used in the all-important pack brigade to Jasper and the Rocky Mountains. This site was known by the fur traders as Horse Hill, and was a preferred camping site for explorers and surveyors travelling to or leaving Fort Edmonton. Currently known as the Horse Hills community in the northeastern portion of the ROG footprint (Study Area 2), old barns dating to this era still remain scattered across the countryside, which also hosts numerous market gardens and berry farms, including a farm on a family homestead that dates to the 1880’s.

The Edmonton region and North Saskatchewan River were important foci for trade prior to the arrival of Europeans in what is now Canada and continued to be important throughout the historic fur trade era, from at least the early 1700s, when French trade goods made their way into the west via Iroquoian and Cree canoe brigades. Ancestral Indigenous tribes from the north and south gathered on the river and traded beaver pelts, buffalo meat, hides, and pemmican for the guns, ammunition, kettles, knives, and hatchets that the Cree and Iroquoian brigades brought from York Factory in the east. The Métis people (generally, a Nation arising from marriages between French-Canadian or Scottish-Canadian men and Indigenous women [predominantly Cree, Ojibwa, or Saulteaux]) were also active in trade activity and the settlement of western Canada beginning in this early fur trade period.

67 | Ribbon of Green Locations along the North Saskatchewan where Indigenous trade activity was already taking place were chosen by Euro-Canadian trade companies as good locations for their trading posts. An example is the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), which established a fur trade post close to present-day Fort Saskatchewan. Further, the construction of Fort Edmonton on the current site of the provincial legislature grounds and the Indigenous camps that were built around the Fort reflect the close social and economic relationships of Indigenous communities with the HBC. Many Indigenous people were employed by the HBC to provide the fort with goods and services, including country food and leather clothing. The close relationship between English- speaking fur traders and Indigenous labourers and hunters (most of whom were Cree in the Edmonton area) lasted from 1830 to about 1880.

With the implementation of the Indian Act (1876) and its subsequent amendments (e.g. the compulsory attendance in Residential Schools [1884] and requirement to obtain permission from the Indian Agent in order to leave a reserve [1885]), many things changed for the Indigenous inhabitants of the Edmonton area. With the decimation of the buffalo, which was the major food source, starvation was imminent, and the Canadian government decided to move Indigenous groups onto designated locations where they could work the land and raise animals instead of hunting them. Treaties between the Crown of Canada and recognized Indigenous groups were established across the country, and four “Indian Reserves” were established in the Edmonton region. Euro-Canadian settlers were encouraged to claim homesteads and purchase large portions of land that was traditionally the territory of local Indigenous groups.

Two Indian Reserves border the main riverine systems in the southwestern study area (Study Area 1) of the Ribbon of Green. These are the Enoch Reserve, originally called the Stony Plain Reserve, which was bounded on its east side by the North Saskatchewan River north of Big Island, and located south of the oxbow bend in the river at Cameron Heights. This portion was surrendered to the government in 1908. Further east was the Papaschase Reserve, through which flowed Blackmud Creek. This reserve is associated with a cemetery, which was observed many years ago along Blackmud Creek, but the physical remains of which have since been difficult to relocate due to the impacts of rapid urban development. It is recommended that sensitive recognition of both of these Indian Reserves, including the Papaschase cemetery, be considered. This should involve engagement, coordination and planning with local Indigenous groups, to recognize and honour the history of local groups and of those interred in the cemetery.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Euro-Canadian influence on the Edmonton region was significant. Land was newly available for development, and dirt roads and railroads were built, river ferries were put in operation, steamboats plied the river with amusement-seeking passengers, and new industries became established. Logging, lumber mills, brick-making, gold dredging, agriculture, and coal mining were the primary industries that developed within and adjacent to the North Saskatchewan River valley. The river valley continued to be a primary resource for these new inhabitants of the Edmonton area, providing a plentiful and clean supply of water, as well as prime lumber stands, clay for brick-making, and near-surface coal seams.

Historical Resources Overview | 68 The homestead era followed the fur trade period, and the remains of several farms are present along the river valley. These farms represent the history of Euro-Canadian settlers arriving from eastern Canada, Manitoba, and the United Kingdom. As the settlers travelled west, river lots were surveyed in the French style along the North Saskatchewan River at Fort Saskatchewan River and at Edmonton Settlement. No river lots dating to this period are known to have been surveyed in the northeastern or southwestern portions of the ROG (Study areas 2 and 1, respectively), but many homesteads were taken up after the Dominion Land Survey established legal boundaries in the 1880s.

The remains of homesteads and farms sites that reside within the ROG footprint are physical reminders of the determination, every day hard work, ingenuity, and tragedy of Euro-Canadian settler life. For example, the Henderson farm exemplifies the diversity of mixed farming in this area, as it included dairy and beekeeping operations as well as grain farming. It is on this farm that the famed round barn, now restored at Fort Edmonton Park, was first built. The Henderson family represents the earliest days of Edmonton’s settlement history, and they had connections to the Riel Rebellion and the Klondike Gold Rush.

The former lands of the Walker farm are host to old cart trails that commemorate the civil relations between Euro-Canadian settlers and Indigenous groups, who traveled over their former lands to return to spiritual places across the river. These trails are testament to the strength and determination of Indigenous populations, and the mutual respect and empathy that these groups had for each other and for Euro-Canadians, despite the often socially disruptive policies of the Government of Canada. The Walker family also ran a stopping house, where travellers coming through the old trails would rest on their way north (e.g. to Lac St. Anne).

Additional farm sites within the ROG are reminders of the ingenuity, entrepreneurial skills, and political careers of local farmers, such as the blacksmith shop on the Samuel Adam farm, and the water pump house on the Jonathan Hiller farm. From the 1920s, the Ashby farm belonged to a federal member of parliament who established the Treasury Branch of Alberta.

Numerous coal mines, which represent a large sector of the early industrial history of the Edmonton region, are present along the creeks within the southwestern portion and the southern end of the northeastern portion of the ROG. Many more mines were present than those identified in this report, which focused on the larger, longer-lasting, and named mines. For a complete history of coal mines in the Edmonton region, see the Alberta Energy Regulator’s (2015) Coal Mine Atlas, which contains a thorough collection of information on all coal mines in Alberta. There are steamboat landings in both the northeast and southwest portions of the ROG where dry river flats developed; these proved to be attractive places for recreation and industry. For example, in the northeastern study area, Pointe La Pie was the site of a sawmill, as well as a steamboat landing used for recreational and industrial purposes. In the southwestern study area, Big Island, which is now a river flat, was a location for logging, gold dredging, and coal mining.

69 | Ribbon of Green It was also famous as a steamboat excursion landing and picnic site. Recreational history is well represented within the southwestern portion of the ROG, as it is associated with activities such as downhill skiing and golfing. Additionally, annual community picnics and games were held at the confluence of the Whitemud and Blackmud Creeks.

One Provincially protected historic building is present on the banks of the North Saskatchewan, within the southwestern portion of the ROG, near the Donsdale community. In the mid-1950s, Jean Louise Wallbridge and Mary Louise Imrie established the first female-run architectural firm in Canada from this house, which they designed themselves. The two women lived here and operated their own two-person architectural firm. It is now home to the Land Stewardship of Canada, a non-profit organization. This site could be highlighted to honour the memory of two trailblazing Edmonton-area women, as well as to shine a light on the architectural profession in Edmonton.

The Holy Redeemer College and cemetery represent additional significant cultural structures within the southwestern portion of the ROG. This was the site of a minor seminary for Catholic noviciates, offering high school and first year arts programs. A 20-foot statue of Christ the Teacher was erected here in 1960 when the seminary was built, but has since been moved twice, the first time to St. Albert in 1972. This college was also home to a collection of beautiful and treasured ecclesiastical art, but since the closing of the college, this collection has been dispersed to different institutions. The college had its own cemetery, but the interments were removed in 1974 to the Holy Cross cemetery. Since 2013, the college buildings have been used by the Alberta Government as a Justice Staff Training Centre.

The Whitemud school sites within the ROG represent educational history in the Edmonton area. A space within the ROG park system could be dedicated to remembering the rural schools of the area, such as the Whitemud and Otoskwan schools, where many Edmonton-area citizens received their early education.

The Ribbon of Green southwestern study area was also home to a prison farm from 1913 to 1916, where the City of Edmonton sent low-risk inmates serving short sentences to work. There, the inmates tended animals and grew produce for the use of the prison and other Edmonton municipal facilities such as hospitals. This farm was located on the east bank of the North Saskatchewan River and occupied 414 acres.

Edmonton, in its relationship with the North Saskatchewan River, has a dynamic history. The people who came here left an indelible record of courage, creativity, ingenuity, determination, and cooperation. They made their marks on the land, some more subtle, others with more permanence. The Indigenous inhabitants left remains of their camping and hunting sites, which are now represented by the numerous archaeological sites, records of hunting and gathering life.

Historical Resources Overview | 70 The first inhabitants of the Treaty 6 land in which Edmonton is now located also have a history with the Métis and with the relatively recent Euro-Canadian settlement in the area, and a recognition of their negotiations and struggles are represented physically within the ROG where the Papaschase and Stony Plain Reserves used to be.

Settlers operated farms or extracted resources such as coal and gold, or worked on the land harvesting timber and grain. The ROG study area represents all these endeavours and relationships. There are unusual sites which are unique to the ROG, such as a prison farm, or the first all-female architectural office in Canada, and there are sites which dig deep into the building of Canada and Alberta, such as the Henderson farm where Mr. Henderson was a player in the Riel Rebellion and the Klondike Gold Rush.

The Northeast and Southwest sections of the ROG are areas that are rich in history, with many sites that document the human history of the Edmonton area. There is potential for dynamic, interesting, and interactive interpretation and recognition points within the ROG, in the form of walking, biking, and interpretive trails, and there is potential to incorporate the rich history of the Edmonton area into future plans or structures.

71 | Ribbon of Green CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Western Heritage’s desktop assessment documented the presence of abundant known archaeological and historical resources within the Ribbon of Green footprint and buffer zone. Unknown archaeological resources were estimated based on evaluations of the potential of landforms to contain such resources and many areas of high potential were documented within the footprint and buffer (see accompanying geodatabase for details). Recommendations for management, interpretation, and/or acceptable level of impact for each known site or area of potential was assigned and noted in the data tables presented in this report and in the accompanying geodatabase. It is also recommended that the City provide meaningful opportunities for engagement when projects intersect with Indigenous interests and concerns.

Historical Resources Overview | 72 REFERENCES

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Historical Resources Overview | 74 BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCES FOR NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF HISTORIC SITES

Alberta Culture and Tourism, Historic Branch 1981, 1987, 1993 Historic Sites Service Forms #56269, 22235, 11356, 13560. 1993, 2009 Historic Sites Service Forms #75898, 95075, 85085, 95086, 95087, 93554.

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75 | Ribbon of Green Davies, Adriana A. n.d. Edmonton Maps Heritage, Humberstone Mine. Electronic Resource, www.edmontonmapsheritage.ca/location/humberstone-mine/. Accessed Feb. 17, 2017.

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Historical Resources Overview | 76 Houle, Rob 2016 The Curious Case of the 1908 Enoch Surrender. Edmonton City as Museum Project 2016. Electronic Resource, http://citymuseumedmonton.ca/2016/11/15/thecurious- case-of-the-1908-enoch-surrender/. Accessed March 9, 2017.

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77 | Ribbon of Green Snow Valley Edmonton n.d. Snow Valley Ski Club website. Electronic Resource, www.snowvalley.ca/aboutus/ history.php. Accessed Feb. 17, 2017.

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Youtube 2012 Aran Veylan Speaks on the Founding of the Maha Ganapati Temple in Alberta Canada. Electronic Resource, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laM7dxh6Y_k . Posted Sept. 24, 2012, accessed April 18, 2017. 2012 Jackie Clark, Horse Hill Berry Farm on Urban Agriculture. Electronic Resource, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ON1c2vBtoM. Posted September 30, 2012, accessed Feb. 28, 2017.

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