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Research Article ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY of GARCINIA SPECIES of ASSAM

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Research Article ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY of GARCINIA SPECIES of ASSAM International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 29, 2016, pp.-1611-1612. Available online at http://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jouid=BPJ0000217 Research Article ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GARCINIA SPECIES OF ASSAM GOGOI B.1*, DAS R.P.1 AND BARUA U.2 1Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, Assam 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ribhoi, ICAR NEH, Umiam, 793104 , Meghalaya *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received: January 01, 2016; Revised: April 28, 2016; Accepted: April 29, 2016; Published: August 21, 2016 Abstract- The present research work deals with the antioxidant activity of Garcinia species e.g. Garcinia pedunculata , Garcinia cowa, Garcinia lanceifolia and Garcinia xanthochymus of Assam. Ascorbic acid content varied from 35.37 mg/100g in Garcinia xanthochymus to 88.92mg/100g in Garcinia pedunculata. Total phenol content was found highest (2.74 mg/g) in Garcinia lanceifolia. However the carotenoid content was maximum (30.34 µg/g) in Garcinia xanthochymus and total antioxidant activity in terms of IC50 value was found highest (11.61) in Garcinia pedunculata. The results indicate that these Garcinia species of Assam can be used as a source of antioxidant. Keywords- Garcinia, Antioxidant, Ascorbic acid, carotenoid, Assam. Citation: Gogoi B., et al., (2016) Antioxidant activity of Garcinia species of Assam. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975-3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 29, pp.-1611-1612. Copyright: Copyright©2016 Gogoi B., et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Academic Editor / Reviewer: Ramchet, Manu Tyagi, Chandrashekark, Kapoor Manish, P. P. Bhalerao Introduction spreading branches. Leaf blade is oblong, obovate or oblong-lanceolate. Fruits Fruits have been used as a dietary source of nutrition and play as well as it also are yellow when ripe, large and oblate and concave on both ends when mature. It protect human body from several diseases, Fruits are the major source of dietary is mostly available in North Eastern region of India. Mature fruits are eaten as antioxidant, vitamins such as ascorbic acids, vitamin E, carotene, phenolic cooked or raw. Old dried fruits are good for dysentery and it is a good source of compounds and also have antioxidant and they are widely distributed in nature. antioxidant. Pedunxanthons A-C was obtained from the bark of the tree [5]. An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Garcinia pedunculat is a rich source of hydroxycitric acid (HCA). Assam occupies a special place in NE India located between 24044’ N to 27045’ N and 89041’ to 96002’E longitude covering 2.4% geographic al area of the country. Garcinia cowa Roxb. This region is blessed with nature’s unique gift for flora and fauna and besides Family : Guttifereae major fruits, flowers and vegetable crops are still found in wild and semi wild Local name : Kuji-thekera, Kau-thekera-kangach (Ass.) condition. A large number of minor fruits are grown widely as backyard plants. These minor fruits have medicinal values, which are consumed by the people of It is an evergreen middle sized tree up to 12 m height with an oval crown and dark the state. green foliage found in East Bengal, North-East India, East Penisula, Andaman Among these minor fruits, Garcinia species are one of the important minor fruits Island and Nepal. Leaf blade is lanceolate or oblong lanceolate in shape. Mature grown in this region. Garcinia species belong to the family Guttiferae and it is fruits are opaquely red, ovoid-globose and usually apiculate. Fruits are used in native to southern part of Philippines [1]. In India, the genus is reported by 35 dysentery, nausea and vomiting. The fruit pulp is used for making jam. The latex species [2]. Among these 15 species are included in NE India and 8 and 9 species and bark of G. cowa revealed the presence of prenylated xanthones were reported from Assam [3,4]. The present investigation was carried out with the (Cowaxanthone, cowanin, cowanol, 1,3-6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,5-bis (3-methyl- evaluation of antioxidant activity of four Garcinia species i.e. Garcinia 2 butenyl). Some of these compounds have been tested for anti-malarial and pedunculata, Garcinia cowa, Garcinia lanceifolia and Garcinia xanthochymus antimicrobial activity [6]. found in Assam. The main objective of the present investigation was to examine the total phenol content, ascorbic acid content, carotene content and total Garcinia lanceifolia antioxidant activity of the selected Garcinia species. The traditional use and Family : Guttiferae ethnobotanical importance of the Garcinia species were described below Local name : Rupahi thekera Garcinia pedunculata Garcinia lanceifolia is a tropical evergreen plant. It has small thick-skinned fruit Family : Guttiferae with a juicy, acid, fragrant pulp. Tender leaves of G. lanceifolia are consumed as Local name : Borthekera vegetable by some tribes of Cachar district, Assam. The plant is used for treatment of headache. Decoction of fruits is used in stomach problem in Assam. Garcinia pedunculata is a large evergreen tree with fluted trunk with short The leaves of Garcinia lanceifolia is used as stomachic diabetic and the fruit is International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 29, 2016 || Bioinfo Publications || 1611 Antioxidant activity of Garcinia species of Assam used for dysentery and diarrhoea. A decoction of fruit with salt, is swallowed for cent i.e. IC50 was derived from the per cent disappearance vs. concentration plot. fever. The crude fruit extracts were reported to be antibacterial. Results and Discussion Garcinia xanthochymus From the experiment, it has been observed that there was a great variation in terms Family : Guttiferae of ascorbic acid content of Garcinia species. The highest (88.92 mg/100g) amount of Local name : Tepor tenga ascorbic acid was found in Garcinia pedunculata followed by Garcinia cowa (63.86 mg/100 g) and lowest (35.37 mg/100g) was observed in Garcinia xanthochymus. It is a medium sized, glabrous deciduous tree with narrow crown. Leaves are Similarly in terms of total phenol content it was found to be highest (3.50g/100g) in coriaceous, linear oblong or lanceolate. Fruits are large as medium sized apple, Garcinia xanthochymus and lowest (1.89 g/100g) in Garcinia cowa. However smooth and pointed at the apex and deep yellow when ripe. It has been widely used carotenoid content of Garcinia xanthochymus was found highest (30.34 µg/g) among as folk medicine for bilious conditions, diarrhoea and dysentery. The fruit of this the four species and Garcinia lanceifolia has lowest (12.44 µg/g) carotenoid content. species are used in many recipes especially for making curries. The fruit juice has anti-scorbutic, anthelmintic and cardiotonic properties. Hence, it is find application in Table-1 Ascorbic acid, total phenol and corotenoid content of Garcinia species piles, dysentery, tumors. Garcinia species Ascorbic acid Total phenol Carotenoid (mg/100g) (g/100g) (µg/g) G. pedunculata 88.92 + 0.263 1.94 + 0.035 22.48 + 0.042 Materials and Methods G.cowa 63.86 + 0.115 1.89 + 0.026 8.85 + 0.030 The four species of Garcinia were collected from Jorhat district of Assam during G. lanceifolia 46.99 + 0.046 2.74 + 0.066 12.44 + 0.068 2013. Ripe fruits were collected cut in to slices and oven dried and stored in a airtight G. xanthochymus 35.37 + 0.366 3.50 + 0.042 30.34 + 0.051 container for further use. Total antioxidant activity was found highest (9.45%) with an IC50 value of 8.63 in Total phenol content: The total phenol of the sample were determined by by Garcinia xanthochymus and lowest (5.22 %) TAA was found in Garcinia specto-photometric method [7] against a standard curve of pyracatechol read to 650 pedunculata with an IC50 of 11.61. nm with a reagent blank and from the standard curve concentration of phenols in the samples were expressed in mg phenols/100 g material. Table-2 Total antioxidant activity and IC50 value of Garcinia species Garcinia species TAA (%) IC50 Ascorbic acid: The ascorbic acid content of fruits was determined by direct G. pedunculata 5.22 + 0.011 11.61+ 0.046 colorimetric method [8]. For estimation, 5 g of fruit pulp were taken and extracted with G.cowa 5.45 + 0.010 10.34 + 0.012 G. lanceifolia 7.46 + 0.020 9.60 + 0.019 6 per cent HPO3. Then 5 ml of extracted sample was taken in a test tube and 10 ml G. xanthochymus 9.45 + 0.026 8.63 + 0.082 of dye was added to it. Measure the red colour at 518 nm against the standard ascorbic acid solution (1 ml = 0.1 mg of ascorbic acid). From the experiment, it has been established that phenolic compounds are a class of antioxidant agents, which absorbed and neutralise free radicals [11]. Ascorbic cid concr. Volume made up x 100 mg of ascorbic acid/100 g of sample x Ascorbic acid and carotenoids are the natural constituents found in plants and ml of solution taken for estimation 1000 x wt. of volume of sample taken they shows antioxidant activity. Similar results were also found in Garcinia Carotenoid content: 5 g of sample with 3 g of alite powder was ground with 50 ml mangostana and are closer to orange, pummel, grapes and papaya [12]. The cold acetone and filtered through Wattman no. 4 filter paper 40 ml of petroleum ether results strongly suggest that ascorbic acid and phenol are the important (PE) was taken in a 500 ml reparatory funnel.
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