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Arizona pioneers. His body lies in the cemetery at Phcenix where the Daughters • of the American Revolution in 1906 erected a small headstone. • Poston was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, April 20, 1825. Orphaned at 12 years of age, he was reared by relatives. He studied law and was ad; mitted to practice at Nashville and also practiced at Washington. Some time after the acquisition of California, he went to San Francisco to employment as a , custom house clerk. His advent in the Southwest was, in 1854, leading a com­ , CHAPTER XLIX pany of thirty men for exploration. The party landed at Navachista in Jan­ uary of that year and journeyed through upper Sonora and through Arizona , SOUTHERN ARIZONA PIONEERS south of the Gila to Fort Yuma. With specimens of the mineral wealth he had \ , found he returned to California and thence went by way of the Isthmus to New Chas. D. Poston Wm. H. Kirkland Peter R. Brady Fritz Contzen Estevan Ochoa York, Kentucky and Washington, where he spent the following year enlisting -Samuel Hughes Thomas Hughes L. C. Hughes S. R. DeLong j. B. Allen the support of capital. -Fred C. Hughes C. B. Stocking R. N. Leatherwood S. H. Drachman E. In 1856, backed by an organized company, he entered Arizona again from

\ N. Fish I. S. M ansfeld W. C. Greene Col. Kosterlits/r}} Pauline Cushman- · the east with a party largely German in constitution, and started mining near Pioneer Society. Tubac. In 1857 he was relieved of his position as manager by General IIeintzel- . man and was transferred to the company's office in New York. He was back Within the third volume of this work will be found a wealth of biography, again in Arizona later in charge of the company's business, and he was serving from which can be learned much more of the personal features of life in Arizona as recorder for DOlla Ana County, New Mexico, which county then embraced all within the past forty years than has been set forth in preceding pages. It has • of lower Arizona. For a part of that time Tubac had a newspaper to which been the editor's good fortune to have known many of these pioneers, most of Poston was a contributor. He had to flee for his life, however, together with them now passed away. They came to Arizona when it possessed few features Prof. R. Pumpelly and a number of American miners, when troops were · with­ that would make a land habitable and when rare pluck was needed to sustain drawn and Mexicans and Apaches alike descended upon the undefended mining life against adverse conditions of nature and of humanity. No saints were to be camps. During the Civil war he served for a while as volunteer aid to his old found among these men, yet evep their lives were at the disposal of a friend, friend, General Heintzelman, though his military title merely was one of / or even of the stranger who might be beset by savages on the road. Often arose courtesy. questions why they came and why they remained. It is probable that few of Poston was very active in the work leading up to the organization of the them appreciated a fact now undisputed, that there had arisen in their breasts new Territory of Arizona in 1863. Those men who secured the offices in the new \ a love for the country itself, with a relative degree of contentment that could subdivision seem to have been the ones who had helped most in putting through not have been reached elsewhere. Of the work and character of' some of these the congressional act of establishment. He did not enter Arizona with the pioneers it has been thought well worth while to present a few notes. It is not to official party, however . . He went overland to San Francisco by the northern be expected that these will be found more than fragmentary in themselves or that stage route and thence, in company with J. Ross Bro,vne, made his way into they will cover omissions in personal reference heretofore made. The names the new territory through Yuma. According to Browne, Poston knew every mainly are of people personally known to the writer and their selection has foot' of the country, talked· Spanish like a native, believed in the people and been made almost casually, generally suggested in the consideration of events climate, had full faith in the silver, impli~itly relied upon the gold and never dealt with heretofore. , doubted that Arizona.. was the grand. diamond in the rough; withal he talked and acted like a man perfectly sane. He admitted, however, that while Arizona was • POSTON, "THE FATHER OF ARIZONA" prolific in reptiles and the precious metals, it was painfully destitute of every~ . , , Most notable among the pioneers of the Southwest was Charles D. Poston, thing for the convenience of civilized man. • to whom in later years came the enduring title 'of "Father of Arizona." His I-lis services as Indian commissioner were short, for at the first election he life was full of official honor and activity. His mental endowment, education was chosen delegate to Congress and forthwith departed for his field of duty at and training all contributed to place him high among his fellow men. He was Washington, taking the Panama route, with a mileage charge of $7,000. That , industrious in forwarding his own ambitions. His service to the territory had he had accomplished something is indicated by the fact that the First Legisla- • I been acknowledged by legislative resolutions and by the granting even of a ture tendered its thanks to him" for the earnest, able and efficient manner in • pension. Yet his death, June 24, 1902, in Phcenix, was on the floor of an adobe which he has discharged the duties of sU'perintendent of Indians." No record hut, wherein he had lived for several years, solitary and under most squalid is at hand of Poston '8 service as delegate, but it would appear that he did not conditions. His burial was at the expense of a number of friends, all of them view with equanimity his retirement from Congress. 592

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• 594 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE 595 , Late in 1866, the Legislature passed a concurrent resolution reciting that a sun flag, it was his dream to erect a temple where the deity should ·be wor­ - information had been received that "Hon. Chas. D. Poston, late delegate to shipped with solemnity on the uprising of the sun, a glorious manifestation of Congress from this territory, has circulated in Washington a report that Hon. celestial omnipotence. Financially he was hardly able to do more than build John N. Goodwin, delegate-elect to Congress from this territory, was elected the road, so, to secure the necessary funds, Poston wrote a lengthy letter to the through fraud and misrepresentation and that said Hon. Chas. D. Poston has Shah of Persia, reciting all the alleged facts he had secured concerning the • further announced his determination to contest the seat of Hon. John N. Good­ ancient races and urging upon the monarch the religious duty and high advisa- win in Congress upon grounds as aforesaid." The Legislature thereupon for­ bility of reestablishing on the Western Continent the faith of Zoroaster, after mally declared" That we firmly believe the election of Hon. John N. Goodwin the years of darkness that had followed the suppression of the sun cult as fOllnd to have been, in all respects, regular, and that he was honestly and fairly elected by the Spaniards. It is told that the Shah, through diplomatic channels, ex­ by a majority of all the legal votes case in this territory, for delegate, and that tended to Colonel Poston his felicitations and best wishes, but no money was no fraud or undue influences were used by said Hon. John N. Goodwin, or his returned; and now the road is only a ruin, like the rough stOlltl watch tower on friends, to procure such election; that we regret exceedingly, and must condemn the summit that had given Poston his idea. It was Poston's wish that he be without reserve, as most detrimental to our interests, the position taken by said buried on the summit of this butte and possibly a sentimental State Legislature Hon. Chas. D. Poston, having, as we conceive it does, a direct tendency to place some day may make provision for this and for the erection thereon as well of a Hon. John N. · Goodwin, our delegate, in a false position before Congress, lessen­ memorial shaft wherefrom may be reflected to the people below the first rays • ing his influence therein." of the rising sun. Poston himself, in his little poetical volume, "Apache Land, " thus made He wrote in rather bitter strain concerning' his official position, which paid • reference to a subsequent failure, when he ran for delegate against Governor only $500 a year, "a recompense for my arduous pioneering and the loss of an McCormick: ample estate by confiscation and robbery." H e had an extra allowance of $100 a year for contingent expenses and rent, but acknowledges that there was little The Tucson people were quite elate, or no busines.'3 in the office. So he filled in his time at Florence by the writing They'd swapped the capital for a delegate; All for this exalted honor itch, of an allegorical sort of work in verse ~mtitled "Apache Land," published in And would swap the devil for a witch; San Francisco in 1878. By no means was it his best work, but it is valuable The governor has this condition, today as giving an outline of his travels and explorations, both in the South­ He signs the delegate's commission, west and the Orient. For a number of years later he retained official position, , And for the honor and the pelf, though in a modest way, serving as consular agent at Nogales, Mexico, and as • He always signs it for himself . The Washington folks here might learn governmental agent at EI Paso. ' In May, 1882, in Tucson, irritated by news­ Advantage of the count to turn. paper attacks upon him, he fired a pistol shot at J. A. Whitmore, editor of the 'l'ucson Citizen, fortunately missing his mark. After his reluctant retirement from office he visited Europe, saw the Paris He returned to vVashington, where for five years he had some connection Exposition in 1867 and wrote a book called "Europe in the Summertime." with the Interior Department, again corning back to Arizona as agent of the Returning to Washington he reentered the practice of law. • Agricultural Bureau, with station at Phrenix. This employment ceased and Poston dropped into official position again about the time of the Burlingame Poston practically was destitute for a time, till by the Twentieth Legislature he • Treaty with China and was commissioned by Secretary of State Seward to was granted a pension of $25 a month, later increased to $35. The pension bill visit Asia to study irrigation and to bear dispatches from the Chinese Embassy recited at length Poston's personal history and acknowledged a sense of grati­

/ to the Emperor of China. On his voyage across the Pacific he was a member tude for his services to the Southwest, telling that in pioneer times he had been of the party of his old friend J. Ross Browne, who had been appointed Minister pre-eminently the moving spirit and" in fact may be truly said to be the Father to China. On this trip Poston visited many countries of the Far East and therein or Arizona." He was the second Arizona pensioner, the first having been John found much to his liking. In India he gained a smattering of Brahminism that Dobbs, a wounded Indian fighter. His mind was active to the very last and he continued in his thoughts for the rest of his life, and his writings thereafter was a valued contributor to• the Phrenix newspapers. From the old Lemon Hotel preferably turned toward the oriental rather than covering the Arizona field, in he moved to the place wherein he died, on Monroe Street, near Second, his • , which his information was so valuable. When he returned to Arizona it was dilapidated domicile marked by an old Mexican molino, a stone handmill, that to a:gain hold public office, to be register of the Arizona Land Office at Florence. later decorated the entrance to the territorial capitol. He interested himself in a study of the remains of the ancient races, evolving Colonel Poston was married twice. His first wife died early. For a while a theory that they were sun worshippers, a cult toward which he, for the time his sole support was from a daughter, the wife of Lieut.-Col. B. F. Pope, of the being, rather inclined. Across the river from Florence is It round hill to this United States Medical Corps. Colonel Pope died in the Philippines. His wife day known as Poston Butte. Around and up this hill at considerable personal started back with the body and died on the ocean. The second marriage, at expense in 1878 Poston built a wagon road. Upon the summit, where he raised American Flag, about 1881, was to Miss Mattie Tucker, daughter of a pioneer

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696 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE , 591

Arizona family resident near Phrenix. This marriage, with material disparity Where 'er you are. found, my sweet coo-coo, , of ages, did not seem to have been successful, for Mrs. Poston left her husband It is sure that love will be found there, too; , For as breath departed from the paraclete, very soon. It entered the body of the dove so sweet­ His stories were not freely told, yet were many. A favorite topic was his Which sings on the Jordan, sings on the Nile, reign as · alcalde of Tubac, wherein he had control of a half-dozen Americans And sings on the Santa Cruz erewhile. and of hundreds of Mexican miners. He tried to better the condition of his people in every way possible, but found his task rather a hard one owing to the The coo of the turtle is heard in the spring, natural thriftlessness of the Mexican. On one point he was scandalized. Prac­ Whenever the voices of nature sing- On the earth, in the trees, in the ambient air, tically none of the Mexican couples within the camp had been legally married. • The voice of the turtle makes the world more fair, The tale continued: For its song has forever one refrain, And that is that springtime will come again. 'fhere was no priest nearer than Altar, and you know that love-making proceeds ae merrily in the wildest desert as in the most romantic vale. Though self-appointed as head of The dove of the ark brings the olive leaf,

the civil government, I proceeded to exercise magisterial functions and formally weddeu all As a gage of peace in its dainty teeth; _ , conples who presented themselves. This proceeding became popular, for I chargeu no fee and As a pledge that the world shall be drowned no more. gave .the bride five silver dollars as a dot. So all was merry, and among the many dirty and But the Syrian dove from another shore, almost naked urchins that played on the thoronghfares of the little pueblo there were many Sings a song in the springtime far more sweet­ that had been nameu or renamed in honor of me. Later there came the reaction. I had 'Tis the plaintive voice of the paraclete. intruded my American ideas into Mexican customs and had to stand the consequences. I was met with scowls and curses insteau of smiles. A priest had arrived, hau learned of the • matrimonial peculiarities of the camp .and immediately had excommunicated the whole bunch WII.T.IAM H. KIRKLAND from the offi ces of the church. The women particularly were wild. I squared it, though it • cost me about fiv e hundred uollars. I had the 'priest remarry them and topped it all off with a One of the most interesting of the pioneers was Wm. H. Kirkland, dis­ holiuay and with a grand baile in honor of the happy brides and grooms, not excluding their tinguished as the American who raised the first American flag , in Arizona, at ~ildre. - the time Tucson was abandoned .py Mexica:q. troops. He died in Winkelman, Arizona, in January, 1911, aged 78. According to a writer in the Prescott '1'0 the day of his death Poston was ever cheerful and hopeful, ever seeing Journal-Miner, in 1907: the silver lining of the blackest cloud and ever looking forward to the day when riches and prosperity would smile upon him in the fullest. Rarely did Of all his acts or experiences in the territory, which he first entered in 1854, he is proudest he yield to any captious criticism of his fellow men and his writings generally of the fact that he was the man who raised the first Old Glory to the skies in Arizona , on the. had his own personal note of optimism. His spare time, and he had much of occasion of the evacuation of Tucson by the Mexican troops, February 20, 1856. Before the MexiCan troops marched out of the town on that memorable oc casion, after the Gadsden it, was spent largely in writing poetry for publication or for his own enter­ Purchase, he climbed to the roof of one of the adobe buildings and floated to the breeze a flag tainment. So much of his work was poetical, it is felt that this review of his • given him by an ex-government teamster, who had it securely hidden away in the mess box life would hardly be complete if no perpetuity was given to what is considered for ma.ny years. The officer in command of the Mexican troops objecteu to the Americana to have been one of his sweetest songs, "The Syrian Dove," with particular flying their flag until he .had his men out of the town, but despite his protestations the se\-enteen reference to the "palomita" of Sonora and Arizona: • sturdy Americans present refuseu to pull it down. He was the first settler in Kirkland Valley, which bears his name, and in. his career has assisted in laying out the towns of Tempe and Safford, besides naming Solomonville. He was the fi~st man to raise a barley crop in Ya\'apai County, on the place now owned by Grant Carter, in the Kirkland Valley, but he says that while The dove of the ark was fleet of wing, the crop was a great succeES he secured no benefit from it, as the Indians, W!:10 were -monarchs But the' Syrian dove is ·the one.to sing; .. , of all they surveyed at the time, harvested his crop for themselves, and drove away with them 'Tis as. sweet on the limb of a cotton-wood tree, twenty-three head of his pack animals. He was assisted in building at Kirkland the first As it was on the bapks of the deep Galilee water wheel for an arastra ever seen in this part of the territory by Joseph Ehle. When Jesus walked on the waters there And led the Apostles in holy prayer.

• Kirkland, a Virginian by birth, arrived in Tucson January 17, 1856. The • How came you hi.ther, my sweet coo-coo 9 , following year he 'stocked the Canoa Ranch, forty miles south of Tucson, with I And how , did you cross' the ocean blue' • 200 cows he had bought in Mexico. This herd he claimed was the first ever Did you perch on top of the Pinta's mast, brought into Arizona by any white man not of Spanish ancestry. According When Columbus sailed on his ocean task' to a Tucson authority, he married in 1859, the bride a Miss Baeon, who had Or came you away from the old world's fret • On the Mayflower, hid in the Pilgrim's neU started from the East with her parents for California. This was the first • • American marriage in Tucson. February 28, 1861, was the birth of a daughter, • • • , - now 1\I[rs. Thomas Steele, the first American child born in Tucson

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598 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE 599

PETER R. BRADY one of his own hor'scs, with saddlebags, rifle and ammunition and was escorted Peter R. Brady, who died in Tucson in 1902, aged 77, was one of the dis­ out of the pueblo with his face pointed toward the east. . Through the Apache­ tinguished pioneers of the Southwest. In his youth, he had been appointed • infested country he made his way safely 250 miles to a Union post on the Rio • from his home City of Washington to the position of midshipman in the navy. Grande . . When the Union troops came back, Don Estevan was with them with In 1845, seeking adventure he went to Texas, wb ere in 1846 he joined Capt. added prestige. He soon regained a degree of wealth, though -later heavily W. P. Crump's Company of Texas Rangers, serving on the boundary until the stricken by both Apaches and an approaching civilization for which he was not close of the Mexican war, thereafter living for several years in J alisco, Mexico. prepared. The Indians drove off all the draft oxen of Tully, Qchoa & DeLong Returning to Texas, he served again in the rangers until 1853, when he started and the carcasses later were found where the animals had been killed and their to Arizona in the expedition of Col. A. B. Gray on the survey of the first Pacific flesh dried on a high mesa north of Salt River, that to-day bears the name of railroad. In July, 1854, he organized in San Francisco the first mining com­ J erked Beef Butte. His great freighting business and his stores both suffered pany to operate in Arizona, the same which took possession of Ajo mine near when the railroad came and the old-time firm that had borne so large a part in the iVlexican border. For a number of terms he served in the Arizona Legis­ pioneer days then went to the wall. lative Council. Personally, Brady was one of the most companionable of men, SAMUEL HUGHES • fortunate being those who have h1eard him tell of his experiences on the frontier when connected with the Arizona Mining and Trading Company. In a Welsh family of ten children, three eventually became pioneers to , • • Southern Arizona and rose to high distinction. The first of the trio, Samuel FRITZ CONTZEN Hughes, now ranks as the dean of Arizona pioneers. His r esidence dates back Dating back to 1855 was the Arizona experience of Fritz Contzen, who died to 1858, when, after years o-f interesting personal experience, mainly in the at his home in Tucson in May, 1909. He was a German by birth, but had been West, he was compelled to leave Northern California to seek a milder climate. in Texas a number of years. He joined one of the surveying parties ' of the rrhat ·the climate of Arizona did all that was expected is shown by the fact United States Boundary Commission, which was running a new line between that he is still relatively hearty at the advanced age of 87. It is notable that he also has had a family of ten,· all save one still living. He helped in the the United States and Mexico. For a while he had been a member of "Big I Foot" 'Wallace's ranger company, in which Peter R. Brady was also interested. organization of Tucson and was one of the councilmen for seven years. He When Contzen came to Arizona Pete Kitchen was found in the upper Santa also served as territorial and county treasurer. He was an organizer of the Cruz Valley and there were some Germans at Calabazas and rrubac , while at Arizona Pioneers' Society and for a while was president. In Tucson he is Fort Yuma he met Solomon Warner, who later became a merchant of Tucson. depended upon as the locality's best historian, his wonderful memory retaining A brother, Julius Contzen, had come to Arizona a year before with Henry .details of rare interest concerning the early days wherein he was one of the Ehrenberg. The brothers in 1855, while on their way to Hermosillo to buy very. few "Americanos." supplies, were attacked by Apaches, of whom they killed not less than twelve; THOMAS HUGHES however, at the expense of severe wounds to themselves and the loss of three horses and equipment. With them were a couple of Papagoes, who did good Another distinguished member of the Hughes family died November 7 , 1907 , service in bringing out a strong party of men from Imuris and saving the Thomas Hughes, a resident of Tucson since 1868. He had been a gallant soldier in the Civil war and had been brevetted colonel of volunteers for meritorious - • beleagured men. Less than two years later Julius died at San Xavier of the effect of his wounds. Another Indian experience was when the · Indians in ' services during the War of the Rebellion and the Indian wars of Western 1861 drove all his cattle from his ranch at Punta de Agua, three miles south Kansas. For twelve years after coming to A,izona, he farmed in the Sonoita of San Xavier. With him at the time was Bill Kirkland. Valley, near Crittenden, and the tale of his trials and losses in that locality are to be found elsewhere in this work. In 1880, he was in Tucson, thereafter ESTEVAN OCHOA employing himself as a merchant, as territorial auditor, president of the board Estevan Ochoa, though a Mexican by birth, became an American citizen of of trade, postmaster of Tucson and treasurer of Pima County. . whom Americans were proud. When the Confederate column arrived in Tuc­ , LOUIS C. HUGHES son, one of the first acts of the commanding officer was to send for Ochoa, who had been reported to him as a Yankee sympathizer of a pernicious sort. The­ A third brother, former Governor L. C. Hughes, died at his home in Tucson November 24, 1915, aged 73. It is proQable that he considered his life work merchant was informed curtly that the Confederates had come to stav• and that Ochoa was expect.ed to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederacy and well accomplished, for two things he had fought for, prohibition and woman that in default of so doing he could expect exile for himself and confiscation suffrage, had been adopted in Arizona, wherein he had been their first male • of his property. Ochoa was courteous in his reply, but positive. He stated advocate. Following a Civil war ,experience as one of the volunteers from his that his property and life he considered at the disposition of the Federal Gov­ native state, Pe~nsylvania, he studied law for a while, and in 1871, seeking the ernment, from which he had received many favors. So he was allowed to take betterment of hIS health, he came to Arizona, to Tucson. Successively, he was •

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600 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE 601 I probate judge, ex-officio county school superintendent, district attorney, terri­ "Washoe Massacre," in which about sixty whites were slain. In December, torial attorney general, court c;ommissioner, member of the Chicago World's 1861, he came to Arizona in the California Column. October 16, 1863, he left Fair Commission and delegate to the democratic national conventions in 1884 Fort Craig, New Mexico, in a military party that was to escort the new terri­ torial officials. The officials being delayed, the column moved on. December and in 1892. The Arizona Star was edited and published by him for thirty , years, and he took pride in the fact that he was the first p:resident of the Arizona 18, Hughes was left with a dozen men at the San Francisco Springs, near the Press Association on its organization in 1892. He was governor for three site of Flagstaff, to guard a cache of supplies, while the military party went years, from April 1, 1893. Three years before coming to Arizona, he was on to the Chino Valley Camp, where the first official seat of government soon married in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Two children are living, State Senator after was established, which Hughes did not reach till March 1, 1864. • John T. Hughes and Mrs. Gertrude Woodward. Five times Hughes was elected from Pima County to be a member of the Territorial Council, and in the Tenth, Sixteenth and Nineteenth sessions he SIDNEY R. DE LONG further was honored by selection to the post of president of the Council. • One of the prominent men in the history of Tucson died November 29, 1914, Latterly he was clerk of the board of supervisors, residing in Tucson. He was president of the Arizona Historical Society, and as such was made custodian Sidney, R. DeLong, who had served as president of the Society of Arizona Pioneers, as commander of the local post of the Grand Army and as the first of an appropriation of $3,000, given the society by the Legislature in 1897 for mayor of Tucson. He came to Arizona in 1862 as a member of the California the compilation of the records on file. One night an attempt was made to C~lumn, under General West. He was post trader at Fort Bowie for fifteen burn up the courthouse in Tucson. In an investigation that followed, it was • years and was connected with the pioneer freighting and merchandising firm found that Clerk Hughes was far behind in his accounts and the charge was of Tully & Ochoa. His' connection with the Camp Grant raid is told elsewhere made that he had set fire to the building in order to ,wipe' out the records of in this work. He served as a member of the Territorial Legislature and he his peculations. Then it was discovered that the Historical Society's coin was served also as receiver of the land office, county supervisor, county treasurer, . gone, It had been gambled away. The Pima County supervisors, two of them city councilman and superintendent of schools. Locally his best service was old pioneer friends of Hughes, made up the shortage to the county. For the in 1872 as the first mayor of Tucson, when he acted as trustee in the purchase embezzlement of the society funds he was sent to the penitentiary. ]'or a of an addition of 1,280 acres. He devoted much time to the work of the Society while Hughes sought to evade arrest, :fle~ing to Randsburg, California, and of Arizona Pioneers, writing a small history of Arizona and many articles of then into Mexico, but he finally surrendered himself for trial. He had many historical interest. friends, who believed him simply careless and not criminal. A petition pre­ sented to the governor asking pardon was described as little short of a copy of JOHN B. ALLEN the great register of Tucson. Hughes was paroled by Governor Murphy from Among the unique features that attended the life of John B. Allen was a the territorial penitentiary in December, 1900, and would have had liberty gift made to him and gratefully received, in April, 1899. It was a tombstone, earlier had he not chosen to consider himself a martyr and a man unjustly presented him as an old customer and valued friend by Zeckrmdorf & Com­ restrained. His death was most tragic. At the age of 74 he had returned to pany, inscribed" John B. Allen. Born 1818. Died 1899. Territorial Treasurer the placer camp of Greaterville, of which he ranked as founder. On a Septem­ six years, 1865-1871. Mayor of Tucson two terms. A man without an enemy." ber evening, while sitting in the door of his adobe house, he was struck 'by Allen at the time was sufferIng from a malignant abscess of the ear and was lightning and instantly killed. He was survived by a wife, seven daughters ,looking forward entirely without fear toward death that soon closed his suffer- and three sons. • • ing. He appreciated his novel present as the kindest testimony of esteem that ,• CLARK B. STOCKING / • could have been given, somewhat in the way of proffering :flowers before the • , ' Clark B. Stocking, widely known as the "Old Guard," now, in peace, a funeral. I - To old timers he generally wa.s known as "Pie Allen," with reference resident of Los Angeles, came to Arizona with the California Column in the to the fashioning by him of some wonderful dried-apple pies when he came to Fifth Infantry, and served five years in the Southwest. This service was Arizona, at Calabazas. He was a merchant at Tubac and also at Tombstone, unique in that most of it was spent as an express rider, carrying mesSlJ..ges but during his latter years lived in Tucson. between the various army posts and commanders, usually through a cou~try • swarming with Indians, where the lone cburier was in danger almost every FRED G. HUGHES mile. At Oatman Flat, 1862, he was a member of the detail that hewed out One of the most remarkable of southwestern pioneers was Fred G. Hughes, poles to make a fence around the, graves of the' Oatman family, and at Oatman of English birth, but of fifty years of Arizona residence. A professional faro also he helped to dig trenches against the expected coming of a Confederate • dealer, he yet repeatedly ,was elected to office and ranked as a lea4er of his force that later proved only a raiding party. After his southwestern experi­ I political party. In 1860 he was a member of the Ormsby expedition from ence, he became a plainsman and army scout and then a contractor, who fur­ Washoe, Nevada, against the Piutes, escaping from what was known as the nished elk and antelope meat to railroad graders and secured no small fame Vol. n-19

• 602 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE ARL~ONA 'rHE YOUNGEST SCrATE 603 • . • as a stage messenger, in one Wyoming affair killing two bandits. In 1869 he only meager information was to be had locally. There were only two news­ was a boss packer in the Wheeler survey in the Grand Canon region. He papers in the territory, one each in Tucson and Prescott and only three towns appeared to travel from one danger to another, as a hunter, messenger, Lead­ of any size. There was only one place of worship, the Catholic Church and a ville mine guard and as a bullion guard in Sonora. About 1880 he was in primary school. Tucson a deputy sheriff and deputy marshal, and was in one fight at Silver Lake near that city where he shot the leader of a band of four Mexican robbers WILLIAM C. GREENE and helped in the capture of the three others, the same who later, when con­ One of the most picturesque characters ever known in the Southwest was victs, led in the attack on Superintendent Tom Gates at Yuma and were killed Wm. C. Greene, who rose from a most humble beginning to ·be a capitalist, at by Guard Hartley. It is probable that Stocking would prefer as an epitaph, one time rated at $30,000,000, who lived his life in strenuous excitement, which "I did my duty as I saw it." he seemed to like better than peace, and who died what he would have con­ sidered poor, but still defiant of fate. He came to Arizona in 1877; prospected ROBERT N. T,EATHERWOOD a mine in the Bradshaw Mountains with George Burbank as partner; went to A noted old timer is R. N. Leatherwood, best known as "Bob" despite his Tombstone in the boom days, and worked as a miner; cut fire wood in the , honorable 'accumulation of years. He came to Tucson in 1869 and served vari­ Dragoon Mountains and sold it for $14 a cord; married and settled on a San

ously as city councilman and mayor, county treasurer, twelve years as sheriff, • Pedro Valley ranch near Hereford. About this time he formed Mexican min­ • three times as member of the Legislature. He was a member of the company ing connections that afterward dominated his life's work. While ranching, that built the gravity water supply for Tucson in 1883 and served as superin­ Greene's neighbor on the San Pedro was Jim Burnett, a man of violence, who tendent of the Arizona exhibit of the St. Louis Fair. long was justice of the peace at the nearby Town of Charleston. One day - - Greene's dam across the river was blown up and in the resultant fio<;>d, Greene's SAMUEL H. DRACHMAN daughter Helen and a girl playmate were drowned, as they were playing on Samuel H. Drachman died in Tucson in December, 1911, after residence in the bank of the stream. Though Burnett was not in the vicinity, Greene be­ that city since 1867. For thirty years he had been in tile tobac,co business, but lieved him responsible for the destruction of the dam, hunted him down at when he first came, an immigrant from Russia, he cut hay, for sale to the 'rombstone and slew him on the public street, thereafter declaiming. "Vengeance Government, within the present corporate limits of Tucson. is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord." Sheriff Scott White did his duty, but when Greene came to trial he was acquitted more on account of the personality EDWARD N. FISH of the defendant than on account of the jury's belief that Burnett had really Edward N. Fish died at his home in Tucson, December 19, 1914, . aged 87. blown up the dam. It is told that long thereafter, nearly every man connected He came to Arizona in 1864, entered into business at Tubac and other points with that case who had shown any friendliness, including the sheriff and other as a member of the firm of Fish & Garrison. He started a mercantile business peace officers and the members of the jury, were given good jobs in some one of in Tucson in 1877, at times making large profits and again losing much on Greene's enterprises. It is commonly said that "Bill Greene never forgot a · account of Indians. In 1874 he was married to Miss Maria Wakefield, who friend.' , was the second American woman 10 teach a public school in Arizona, and who Greene's interest in Mexican mines led him into a number of encounters- came to Tucson in 1873 from Sacramento, California. with the Apaches from which he escaped alive and with credit, but these affairs were of small importance relatively to those in which he afterwards I. S. MANSFELD j3ngaged with Wall Street bankers and brokers. Ranking with the pioneer newspaper men of Arizona was 1. S. Mansfeld, In 1898 Greene had an option on a half-dozen Mexican mining claims in who in 1870 established in Tucson the first book store and news stand in Ari­ the Cananea district, conditioned upon the payment of about $47,000, for zona. Mansfeld became one of the most active members of the Society of which amount he had to go beyond his own means. There resulted the forma­ Arizona Pioneers and very entertainingly has told his early experiences in the tion of the Cobre Grande Copper Company, within which Greene was to distribution 'of literature. Times were very dull in those days and money was receive $250,000 and a one-twelfth interest in the company, for his claims, for in circulation only on military pay days. It took two weeks to bring news­ other property he was to add and for his assistance in promoting the enter­ • papers in by mail, the mail buckboard coming only twice a week from Yuma. prise. Largely through the assistance of George Mitchell, a well-known Jerome • No reliance could be placed upon the mails, however. Sometimes there were smelter man, the necessary money was raised, mainly in Arizona, and the com­ lapses of tliree weeks. Mansfeld's first Christmas goods did not arrive until pany formally was organized in Cananea May 26, 1899. Thenceforward for the middle of the following February, though ordered in October. This, he years, litigation, trouble of many sorts and even bloodshed filled the history said, however, was taken in good nature. The people were so used to such of the enterprise. A 200-tDn smelting furnace was started in May, 1899, but things. There were only ' about two hundred Americans and no social lines produce d only about a third of the camp's running cost. An' , angel" was . were drawn. They yearned for the news of the outside world, for at that time found in July, 1899, in J. H. Costello, a P ennsylvania capitalist, who bought

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• G04 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE 605 , 31,000 shares of stock, with the proviso that he be put in charge. Oostello's tion, and that the only man on earth who could write the full story of the management lasted till October, when Greene, Mitchell and their mining engi­ various trials was Editor William Spear of the Phcenix RepUblican, who had neer, Prof. Geo. A.Treadwell, took forcible possession of the property. Oon rather specialized on the subject. O'Keefe of Jerome, was displaced as superintendent, forced out by order of a Naturally such a career as this ~ad a dramatic ending. Greene's end was • Mexican court with which Greene had large influence and soon thereafter the after he had lost neady all of his wealth, save a competency secured to his property was transferred by Greene, acting upon his original claims, to the family. He died at Oananea, August 5, 1911, through accident, thrown from Oananea Oonsolidated Oopper Oompany. a carriage by runaway horses. As early as 1905, Greene's activities had resulted in the establishment of a community of over 20,000 people in the Oananea Mountains, with 4,000 men COL. EMILIO KOSTERLITSKY employed in the mines and smelter. Greene had been fighting his way through Early in 1913 revolutionists in overpowering numbers forced across the the courts of Mexico, of Arizona, New York and other states. He had entered line a command of loyal Mexican troops commanded by 001. Emilio Koster­ the great ,Vall Street game and only his tremendous pluck and known willing­ litsky. This force was taken for internment to Fort Rosecrans on the San ness to kill saved, on one occasion, stock valued at several millions of dollars Diego Bay, and about the same time a large number of refugees, from the more taken by him from a desk which he had. broken open in the office of one of his eastern points along the border were sent to Fort 'Wingate, New Mexico. associates, whom he then awaited, revolver in hand. This wild-western , way . Oolonel Kosterlitsky, still living, a resident of Southern Oalifornia, has of playing the game was the only one known to him and for a time succeeded. had a romantic career. A Pole of good birth and an officer in his own land, he In Arizona and Sonora he had gathered around him scores of men upon whom was driven to America by political changcs and enlisted in the United States he could rely to the dE!ath, and there were times when the mines were held in army. Here it has been told that he became a corporal at Port Wingate in a , defiance of Mexican law processes. One of his lieutenants, Foreman Massey, troop of the Sixth Oavalry, commanded by Oapt. Adna R. Chaffee, and the in his loyalty even disobeyed orders and insisted on sinking on the Oapote tale continues that he was so severely treated by Ohaffce that he left the army property long after he had been ordered to quit and thus ran into the greatest for Mexico, where he readily found congenial employment as an officer of the hody of copper ore ever encountered in the Oananea Mountains, worth many rurales of the frontier guard, under 001. Juan Fenochio. Ohaffee, regretful millions of dollars. . of his actions, is said to have been instrumental in removing any stigma that Greene's Mexican corporation, the Oananea Oonsolidated Oopper Oompany, might have attached tq his ex-corporal 's departure. Kosterlitsky soon rose to was represented in the United States by the Greene Oonsolidated Oopper Oom­ the rank of lieutenant-colonel and later to full colonel. It is believed that no pany, which afterward, with Amalgamated support, in the course of a Wall man could have done more than he to put down the di.sorder that was so com­ Street fight, in which Thomas Lawson was an active enemy, became t.he Greene­ • mon in Sonora. His methods were sharp and decisive and a known criminal Oananea Oonsolidated Oopper Oompany. Greene in the meantime had bought rarely ever was left to the delay and doubtful justice of the courts. rl'h~, a large part of Northern Sonora as a cattle range, had purchased mines and • rurales, with the full approbation of the central government, usually resorte~ holdings in the timbered Sierra Madre Mountains, with the controlling interest to " la ley fuga" and the criminal was left in a shallow grave. He participated in a railroad that tapped the timber district, had built a railroad from Naco to with distinction and, success in a number of expeditions jointly with American Oananea, as well as a twelve-mile line to tap the mines of his corporation, he had troops and his services especially were appreciated by the very officers with · invested in smelters 'at various points and had backed several mining companies whom he had served in the United States Oavalry. of large claims, from which came small results. He provided against the Possibly it would be well to insert here an alternative story of the way he , future by walking into an insurance office and buying a $100,000 policy for . joined the Mexicans. It is to the effect that he deserted from the Russian navy $66,000 cash. About this time his private car used to be attached in almost at New York, preferring service in the saddle. H e took an American vessel to every state in which it traveled under a judgment secured by a firm of New Guaymas, where he enlisted in the Mexican army, in which he had service of York bullion brokers. 'Wherever there was a faro game Greene loved to tarry, forty yeaTS.

f and to bet blue chips, with the ceiling as the limit. A man of large physique and tremendous strength, he busied himself continually. In speculation he PAULINE , CUSHMAN • was gambling on the largest of scales. On several occasions only his personal One of the notable women of the latter pioneer days of Arizona was Pauline influence at Oananea soothed the anger of Mexican mobs composed of striking Oushman, who live"d in Oasa Grande for many years ~ the wife of J ere ]iryer, workmen. who served a term as sheriff of Pinal Oounty, and who kept a hotel and corral It is probable that Greene considered his never-ending litigation very mu ch near the Oasa Grande Station. Before marrying Fryer, she had managed as he would a game of poker. He usually managed to employ about all the hotels and eating houses in several southwestern camps. Before the Oivil war 1\ ble lawyers in sight, and about a score of attorneys in Southern Arizona, she was an actress in New Orleans and is said to have been the first woman mainly in Tucson, rose to . affluence through his patronage. It used to be said who ever played the part of Mazeppa in the United Sta~es, a daring innovation that even his leading lawyer, W. H. Barnes, didn't know all of Greene's Iitiga- in the early days of the theatrical business. During the Oivil war she became

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\ 606 ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE

a Federal spy and did such good work that she was at least brevetted, and is said to have been commissioned, to the rank of major. About that time she is said to have been a remarkably beautiful woman of Creole type. About 1881 she left Casa Grande for Oakland, California. Thence she made two trips to Alaska and she was back in Arizona in the fall of 1895, rather inclined toward

• settlement in Mexico. In a copy of the Tucson Citizen of twenty years ago ha.s been found this appreciation of her character: "Miss Cushman is one of rn the best-known women on the Pacific Slope, having been at one time or another trJ boardinghouse keeper in every prominent mining camp this side of the Rockies. ~ Among the miners she has a world of friends, for no man was ever turned from 0 her door, whether he had means or not. It is said that she grubstakt)d more bj than a thousand prospectors in her time, but still the long-looked-for bonanza ~ has not been struck." She died in Oakland, where she was buried by the ~ 0 Grand Army with military honors. Fryer died in Tucson a few years later. ::t- ~ ;b'" ...... 0 THE ARIZONA PIONEER SOCIETY t:1 d rn >-'l ~ The Arizona Pioneer Society was organized January 31, 1884, at a meeting 0 at the old Palace Hotel in Tucson. At that time the date of admission was set ~ at 1870, though there have been modifications of this rule since that time. A 0 large number of the pioneers were men who came in the California Column, ~ rn but an unexpectedly large number dated their residence before the Civil .war. 0 Q On the admission date fixed, the settlement at Prescott had been only six years trJ >-'l old and that at Phcenix only a little over a year, though many at Yuma were ~ eligible. The original membership roll herewith is reproduced, with year of arrival annexed:

Chas. D. Poston...... ] 854 Thomas Steele ...... ] 867 , Hiram S. Stevens ...... 1854 Wm. Zeekendorf ...... 1867 ...... , Peter Kitchen ...... 1854 E. Bruner ...... 1863 • ~e. .. Samuel Hughes...... 1858 Ferdinand Franco ...... 1862 o Michael McKenna...... 1856 Henry Gibson ...... 1862 bj rn Wm. S. Oury...... ] 856 J. MeC. Elliott...... ] 852 o C" N. B. AppeL...... 1854 Chas. H. Tully...... 1867 ~ Jas. H. Toole ...... 1862 Wm. H. H. Burpee ...... 1854 G H• F. M. Martin ...... 1862 Thomas Burke ...... 1864 ~ P. M. Smith...... 1853 G. F. F·oster ...... 1864 o >=j Wm. J. Osborn...... 1863 M. G. Samaniego ...... 1869 Geo. O. Hand...... ] 862 Palatine R. Burke ...... 1859 1. H. C. Waltemath...... 1865 Edward N. Fish...... 1865 A. Lazard...... 1858 P. R. Tully...... 1858 Thomas Gates...... ] 865 Dr. J. C. Handy ...... ]866 Isaac Goldberg...... 1863 T. G. Rusk ...... 1855 George Martin ...... 1855 Philip Drachman...... 1863 Leopoldo Carrillo...... 1859 A. G. Buttner...... 1865 • Wm. C. Davis...... 1869 S. H. Drachman ...... 1867 W. A. McDermott...... ] 868 Chas. T. Etehell...... ] 864 E. I. Smith...... 1869 D. T. Harshaw ...... 1862 Thomas Hughes ...... 1868 Adam Sanders ...... 1865 G. Witfiilld ...... 1861 Wm. C. Ferguson ...... 1860 Mart Maloney...... 1869 Geo. T. Martin...... 1862 • W. F. Scott...... 1859 T hos. J. Jeffords...... 1860 • . D. G. Sanford ...... 1862 James Quinlan ...... 1865 Horace H. AppeL...... 1862 R. N. Leatherwood...... 1869

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ARIZONA THE YOUNGEST STATE 607

D. Velasco ...... 1859 Tom Driscoll ...... 1869 Estevan Ochoa ...... •...... 1857 E. A. yerkes ...... 1869 N. Van Alstine...... 1856 Alex. Levin ...... 1863 Robert Fraser ...... • • . . . . • .. 1866 M. R. J ahnson...... 1868 Edward A. Clark...... 1869' Augusta Brichta ...... 1862 Henry E. Lacy...... 1865 A. J. Keen...... 1858 F. L. Austin...... 1868 Horace B. Smith...... 1864 Placido Ruelas...... 1855 James Lee ...... 1856 Peter Mathews...... 1866 Daniel Madden ...... •.•..... 1852 Chas H. Meyers...... 1858 J. E. Mills...... 1869 A. L. Jones...... 1868 J. S. Mansfield...... 1869 W. W. Williams ...... 1864 Oscar Buckalew ...... •...... •.•••.. 1864 Fred Maish ...... 1869 E. D. Woods ...... 1867

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