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História, Retórica E Mulheres No Império Romano

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História, Retórica E Mulheres No Império Romano Coleção Impérios Romanos Série Estudos História, Retórica e Mulheres no Império Romano Um estudo sobre as personagens femininas e a construção da imagem de Nero na narrativa de Tácito Sarah Fernandes Lino de Azevedo História, Retórica e Mulheres no Império Romano Um estudo sobre as personagens femininas e a construção da imagem de Nero na narrativa de Tácito Sarah Fernandes Lino de Azevedo 2012 Reitor | João Luiz Martins Vice-Reitor | Antenor Rodrigues Barbosa Junior Diretor-Presidente | Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza Assessor Especial | Alvimar Ambrósio CONSELHO EDITORIAL Adalgimar Gomes Gonçalves André Barros Cota Elza Conceição de Oliveira Sebastião Fábio Faversani Gilbert Cardoso Bouyer Gilson Ianinni Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza Carla Mercês da Rocha Jatobá Ferreira Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa Leonardo Barbosa Godefroid Rinaldo Cardoso dos Santos Coordenador | Valdei Lopes de Araújo Vice-Coordenadora | Cláudia Maria das Graças Chaves Editor geral | Fábio Duarte Joly Núcleo Editorial | Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Império Romano Editor | Fábio Faversani CONSELHO EDITORIAL Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado Fábio Duarte Joly Sérgio Ricardo da Mata © EDUFOP – PPGHIS-UFOP Projeto Gráfico ACI - UFOP Revisão Técnica Edméa Garcia Neiva Editoração Eletrônica Fábio Duarte Joly FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Todos os direitos reservados à Editora UFOP http//:www.ufop.br e-mail : [email protected] Tel.: 31 3559-1463 Telefax.: 31 3559-1255 Centro de Vivência | Sala 03 | Campus Morro do Cruzeiro 35400.000 | Ouro Preto | MG Coleção Impérios Romanos A expressão “Império Romano” é de uso corrente entre os especialistas. Mas o que exatamente designa esta expressão? Grosso modo se refere a um longo período da história romana, que se estende de 31 (ou 27) a.C. a 476 d.C. (ou 1453), e a um vasto território, da Britânia ao Egito, da Lusitânia à Síria. Além disto, engloba uma população de cerca de 60 milhões de pessoas que se articulavam mediante as mais diversas formas de organização política de caráter local e regional. A arbitrariedade implícita na unidade e amplitude desta definição é clara, e a aceitamos por mera convenção. Contudo, nos estudos concretos sobre o Império Romano, a suposta unidade desaparece, de maneira que não se trata mais de pensar em Império Romano, mas sim em “Impérios Romanos”. Trata-se então de problematizar que a noção de Império Romano como a utilizamos não nos é legada pelas fontes coetâneas; da mesma maneira que as fontes do período republicano não tratam de “toda” a República Romana, assim também as do período imperial não tratam do Império Romano como um todo. Nesse sentido, esta coleção objetiva publicar, em sua Série Estudos, contribuições monográficas sobre temas relacionados à conceituação do Império Romano, na sua dinâmica na longa duração, bem como a sua estrutura social, econômica, política e cultural. Por sua vez, a Série Fontes se dedicará a trazer a público traduções comentadas de obras literárias latinas e gregas referentes ao Império Romano. A Coleção Impérios Romanos vincula-se ao setor editorial do Programa de Pós- Graduação em História, da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. A meus pais, Isabel e Mauro. Agradecimentos Agradeço, primeiramente, aos professores do Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da UFOP, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, que fizeram parte da minha formação. Dentre estes, destaco aqueles que, de algum modo, me deram apoio e incentivo: Celso Taveira, Elzira Divina Perpétua, Fernando Felizardo Nicolazzi, Francisco Eduardo de Andrade, Helena Miranda Mollo e Mateus Henrique de Faria Pereira. Ao Professor Valdei Lopes de Araújo, agradeço imensamente a leitura atenta de meu memorial de qualificação, a sua participação nesta banca, e as sugestões para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, as quais se fizeram importantes no processo de escrita. Dentre os pesquisadores da área de História Antiga e que fazem parte do LEIR (Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Império Romano), registro agradecimentos especiais àqueles que muito me incentivaram, destaco: Fábio Duarte Joly (UFOP), Carlos Augusto Machado (UNIFESP), Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves (UFG), e Norberto Luiz Guarinello (USP). A estes dois últimos, sou especialmente grata pela participação nas bancas de qualificação e defesa, pelos pertinentes e sempre úteis apontamentos e observações sobre a pesquisa. Ao Prof. Alexandre Agnolon (UFOP), agradecimentos enormes pela amizade, pelo mais que inestimável auxílio com as traduções do Latim para o Português e pelos ensinamentos sobre Retórica e Literatura Clássica. Ainda a respeito dos estudos de Latim, agradeço também ao Prof. Bernardo Guadalupe Lins Brandão (UFPR). Aos alunos do LEIR-UFOP – Annelizi Fermino, Daniela Barbosa da Silva, João Victor Lanna de Freitas, Laura Zamuner Vasconcellos, Lucas Almeida de Souza, Mamede Queiroz Dias, Prema Hari Perroni Campos, Willian Mancini Vieira, e, em especial, Mariana Alves Aguiar e Ygor Klain Belchior – meus amigos e companheiros da rotina universitária marianense, e também de viagens a congressos, agradeço o apoio e a constante oportunidade de trocar ideias. Registro também minha gratidão a alguns amigos, de Santa Luzia e/ou Mariana, sempre presentes: Tatá, Keyth, Dayse, Mia, Fran, Zizi, e Clara. À Dona Talita, agradeço o café que nunca me faltou. Agradecimentos, com muito carinho, àquelas que, pela convivência diária, se tornaram quase tão versadas em Tácito quanto eu: Sabrina, Lina e Ágata. Para estas três últimas, e para as seguintes que passo a agradecer, confesso, nunca encontrarei palavras, serão, sempre, agradecimentos inexprimíveis: Eterna gratidão aos meus pais e aos meus irmãos, pelo apoio incondicional, por compreenderem minha ausência. Agradeço também a bolsa concedida pela PROPP-UFOP, sem a qual este trabalho teria sido praticamente inviável. Por último, agradecimentos sem tamanhos, imensos e desmedidos, àquele que, óbvio, me falta palavras para demonstrar gratidão: grande Fábio Faversani, eminente orientador, pesquisador, professor, e amigo. A este agradeço a paciência e insistência que tanto me motivaram para concluir esta pesquisa. Valeu a pena. Sumário APRESENTAÇÃO.............................................................................................................................. 10 INTRODUÇÃO................................................................................................................................... 14 1. HISTÓRIA, RETÓRICA E PERSONAGENS NOS ANAIS, DE TÁCITO .............................. 19 2. A DOMUS CAESARUM E AS MULHERES DA DINASTIA JÚLIO-CLÁUDIA ................... 59 3. AS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IMAGEM DE NERO ............ 91 CONCLUSÃO ................................................................................................................................... 142 APÊNDICE........................................................................................................................................ 144 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS............................................................................................ 147 Apresentação Fábio Faversani∗ O livro que se tem em mãos é o resultado da pesquisa realizada por Sarah Fernandes Lino de Azevedo ao longo da sua Iniciação Científica e, mais especialmente, seu Mestrado, ambos na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. A obra representa o resultado de uma trajetória de cerca de cinco anos ao todo. Ao longo destes anos tive a honra e a alegria de acompanhar os trabalhos de Sarah. O emprego do plural aqui se justifica na medida em que foram tantas as pesquisas intentadas e tantos poderiam ter sido os seus resultados conforme construímos as opções necessárias e tantas vezes dolorosas sobre o que seria estudado e o que não seria. O resultado final me parece equilibrado e bastante arrojado em se tratando de uma Dissertação de Mestrado. Trata-se de uma belíssima conquista pessoal desta pesquisadora que testemunhei se dedicando imensamente não apenas a sua própria pesquisa, mas também à construção de um grupo de pesquisa que pudesse acolher mais pesquisadores e fazer a Universidade em que estudava um lugar melhor para os que viriam após sua formação. A trajetória de Sarah na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto não reflete uma experiência que tem se tornado tragicamente comum de pessoas que buscam simplesmente uma formação para si sem se ocupar de algo que não seja seu interesse imediato. A pesquisa que este livro traz reflete, a meu ver, a imbricação entre o esforço individual e o favorecimento que este empenho pessoal recebe por estar abrigado em condições institucionais favoráveis e que, por sua vez, fortalece este mesmo ambiente favorável em um círculo virtuoso que alegra ver renovado com a publicação desta obra. Espero que a leitura possa estimular o surgimento de novos pesquisadores, realimentando este ciclo. Avaliada pela banca, composta pelos professores Norberto Luiz Guarinello e Fábio Duarte Joly e presidida por mim, a então Dissertação de Mestrado que recebera o título “Consilium muliebre ac deterius (Tac. Ann. XV, 54, 4): As personagens femininas e a ∗ Professor adjunto de História Antiga na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. 10 construção da imagem imperial no principado de Nero” teve consignada na ata de aprovação uma recomendação que sempre me parece curiosa quando acontece: “a banca recomenda a publicação do trabalho”. Como nenhum dos membros da banca é dono de editora ou tem poderes de decisão para encaminhar a publicação efetiva do trabalho, tais recomendações sempre me pareceram uma homenagem ao autor, um pouco vazia
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