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607638.Pdf (8.865Mb) T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ANTROPOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ ÇORAKYERLER HYENALARININ SİSTEMATİK PALEONTOLOJİ İLE İNCELENMESİ DOKTORA TEZİ ALPER YENER YAVUZ ANKARA – 2019 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ANTROPOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ ÇORAKYERLER HYENALARININ SİSTEMATİK PALEONTOLOJİ İLE İNCELENMESİ DOKTORA TEZİ ALPER YENER YAVUZ DANIŞMAN: PROF. DR. AYLA SEVİM EROL ANKARA – 2019 TEZ ONAY SAYF,ASI rünxiru crınıguniynri ANKARA üişivgnsiı:gşi sosyAı, giıirvrınn uxsrirüsü ANTRopoıo.ri ananiıiıt DALI pALBoANTRopoLOıi giıiu DALI ÇORAKYERLER HYğNAI"&RININ sİsrEMErİx rır,uoNroıoıİ İın iışcrr,gNMEsi DoKToRa rrzi Tez Danrşmanı ; Prcf. Dr. Ayla SEVLllr EROL Tez Jürisi [,ıyeleri Adı ve soyadı Prot, Dr. Ayla SEVIM EROL Prtıf. Dr. Timur CÜLTEKIN Prof, Dr. Tiiınel 'Ianju KAYA Doç. Dr. Yeşiın DOĞAN Dr. Ögıt, [I1,esi Serdar MAYDA Tez Sınavı T'arihi O.'3 i;|.Jo|*q rünriyB cuvrrruniynri ANKAna üNivrnsirpsi so syAL gilivlrnn nNsrirüsü ıvıüıünrüĞüNr Bu belge ile, bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranış ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalışmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düşünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim.(. .. ...l ......l20...) T ezi Hazırlayan Ö ğrencinin Adı ve Soyadı Alper Yener YAYUZ imzası {i"üı' ÖNSÖZ Çorakyerler fosil lokalitesi her geçen yıl giderek artan fosil sayısı ve yeni türlerle birlikte Dünya’da oldukça önemli bir omurgalı fosil lokalitesi konumuna gelmiştir. Çorakyerler lokalitesiyle tanıştığım 2003 yılından günümüze dek kazı sezonunun her sabahı yaşadığım heyecan ile arkama dönüp baktığımda koca bir 17 yıl geçmiş. Bu geçen sürede en büyük destekçim, yol göstericim olan ve hem akademik hem de özel hayatımda her daim yardımlarını sonuna kadar hissettiren çok değerli, kıymetli hocam Prof. Dr. Ayla SEVİM EROL’a sonsuz teşekkürlerimi bir borç bilirim. Tezimin çalışma aşaması ve karşılaştırma malzemesi temininde Ege Tabiat Tarihi Müzesi koleksiyonunu bana açan sayın hocalarım Prof. Dr. Tümel Tanju KAYA ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Serdar MAYDA’ya sonsuz teşekkürler. Sadece tez yazım aşamasında değil hayatımın büyük kısmında hep yanımda olan kardeşim Araş. Gör. Erhan TARHAN’a, benim için çok değerli olan çalışma arkadaşlarım Doç. Dr. Yeşim DOĞAN, Araş. Gör. Çilem Sönmez SÖZER, Araş. Gör. Hakan MUTLU’ya, öğrencilerim Serdar YURDAGÜL ve Büşra ALADAĞ’a ayrı ayrı teşekkür ederim. Hayatımızı birleştirdiğimiz günden bugüne her an desteğini hissettiren beni sonuna kadar destekleyen eşim Öğr. Gör. Derya ARSLAN YAVUZ’a ve “Ben kazıya gidiyorum” dediğimde “ Tabi ki Babacığım tezini bitirmen için fosil bulman gerekiyor” diyen biricik kızım Alya İda YAVUZ’a en içten teşekkürlerimi sunarım. i İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ ........................................................................................... i İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................. ii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ....................................................................... iv TABLO DİZİNİ ............................................................................ vi GİRİŞ ............................................................................................ 1 1. BÖLÜM: KAVRAMSAL VE KURAMSAL ÇERÇEVE ...................................... 3 2. BÖLÜM : KONU- AMAÇ ve MATERYAL-METOD .......................................... 4 2.1 Konu- Amaç .................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Materyal- Metod ............................................................................................ 5 2.2.1 Kullanılan Ölçüler ..................................................................................... 9 3. ÇORAKYERLER LOKALİTESİ ........................................................................ 11 3.1 Lokalitenin Konumu ve Tarihçesi ........................................................ 11 3.2 Lokalitenin Önemi ............................................................................... 12 3.3 LokaliteninTarihlendirilmesi ................................................................ 12 3.4 Lokaliteye Dair Faunal Çalışmalar ....................................................... 13 3.5 Tuğlu Formasyonu ............................................................................... 15 3.6 Süleymanlı Lokalitesi .......................................................................... 17 3.7 Yarmatepe (Çankırı, Yeniköy) ............................................................. 17 4. BÖLÜM CARNİVORA TAKIMI ....................................................................... 19 4.1 Carnivorların Anatomisi ................................................................... 19 4.2 Carnivora Dişleri.............................................................................. 20 4.3 Carnivora Evrimi ............................................................................. 26 4.4 Feliformia (Alt Takım) ..................................................................... 27 4.5 Hyaenidae (Sırtlanlar) ...................................................................... 29 4.5.1 Sistematik .................................................................................... 31 4.5.2 Filojeni......................................................................................... 34 5. BÖLÜM HYENA AVRASYA GEÇ MİYOSEN LOKALİTELERİ .................... 42 5.1 Anadolu Lokaliteleri ............................................................ 42 5.1.1 Aksaray Çeltek Lokalitesi .................................................... 42 5.1.2 Ankara Pınarkaya (Şehlek) Lokalitesi .................................. 43 5.1.3 Ankara Çobanpınar Lokalitesi .............................................. 44 5.1.4 Ankara Orta Sinap Lokalitesi ............................................... 44 5.1.5 Çanakkale Bayraktepe Lokalitesi ......................................... 45 5.1.6 Çanakkale Ayvacık Gülpınar Lokalitesi ............................... 47 5.1.7 Kırşehir Kaman Gökeşme Lokalitesi .................................... 48 5.1.8 Muğla Yatağan Karaağaç (Salihpaşalar) Lokalitesi .............. 50 ii 5.1.9 Nevşehir Ürgüp Karain Lokalitesi ........................................ 51 5.2 Avrasya Lokaliteleri ............................................................ 52 5.2.1 Samos .................................................................................. 52 5.2.2 Salonique ............................................................................. 53 5.2.3 Maragh ................................................................................ 54 5.2.4 Ravin des Zouves ................................................................. 55 5.2.5 Kerassia ............................................................................... 56 5.2.6 Taraklia ............................................................................... 57 5.2.7 Baltavar ............................................................................... 58 5.2.8 Piera .................................................................................... 59 5.2.9 Ravin de la Pluei .................................................................. 59 6. BÖLÜM: BULGULAR VE DEĞERLENDİRME ............................................... 60 6.1 Adcrocuta eximia ( Roth& Wagner, 1854) ........................... 60 6.2 Ictitherium viverrinum (Roth&Wagner 1854) ...................... 61 6.3 Chasmaporthetes ................................................................. 62 6.4 . Gereçler ............................................................................. 63 6.5 . Çorakyerler Hyenalarının Morfolojik Tanımlaması ............ 63 6.5.1 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 1417 ...................................................... 64 6.5.2 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 1731 ...................................................... 65 6.5.3 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 1746 ...................................................... 66 6.5.4 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 1741 ...................................................... 67 6.5.5 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 2849 ...................................................... 68 6.5.6 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 3153 ...................................................... 69 6.5.7 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 3357 ...................................................... 71 6.5.8 Çorakyerler No’suz 1 ........................................................... 73 6.5.9 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 850 ........................................................ 74 6.5.10 Çorakyerler No’suz 2 ...................................................... 75 6.5.11 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 1996 ................................................. 76 6.5.12 Çorakyerler No’suz 3 ...................................................... 77 6.5.13 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 890 ................................................... 78 6.5.14 Çorakyerler No’suz 4 ...................................................... 79 6.5.15 Çorakyerler18 ÇO 3420 .................................................. 80 6.5.16 Çorakyerler 18 ÇO 3636 ................................................. 82 TARTIŞMA ................................................................................. 84 SONUÇ ..................................................................................... 112 Kaynakça: .................................................................................. 116 ÖZET ......................................................................................... 127 iii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ Şekil 1: Eski Çankırı Müzesinden Bir Görünüm ...........................................................
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