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Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia Du Maastrichtien Du Niger Marc Michaut

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Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia Du Maastrichtien Du Niger Marc Michaut Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia du Maastrichtien du Niger Marc Michaut To cite this version: Marc Michaut. Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia du Maastrichtien du Niger. 2018. hal- 01861769v2 HAL Id: hal-01861769 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01861769v2 Submitted on 15 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia du Maastrichtien du Niger Marc Michaut Institut préparatoire aux études scientifiques et techniques, Université de Tunis, La Marsa, Tunisie 12 mars 2019 Abstract This article continues our studies about the marine sites of the upper Maastrichtian of Niger. It deals exclusively with the Mollusca. We discovered or re-discovered more than thirty species : 7 Gastropoda, 2 Cephalopoda and about 25 Bivalvia. Numerous orders are represented. Some species are fairly defined and described ; however other ones remain vague, even hypothethical. Some drillers are known only by their tunnels or holes. We carried out the descriptions of the fossils with a view to their taxinomic classification, but without pointless effort. On the other hand, we prefered to work on the ecological positions of the animals : ecology can be studied without looking after the taxinomic problems. Indeed, it is rather easy to distinguish filter feeders from herbivores or from predators for instance, and to assign a life place to each one. Furthermore, it was possible by means of statistics, to put together precisely some features of the benthic and hypobenthic ecosystem. This work can be linked with other ecological knowledge about the Iullemmeden sea and contribute to a better understanding of the global working of this epicontinental basin. 1 Résumé Cet article prend la suite de notre étude du Maastrichtien supérieur marin du Niger, il est consacré exclusivement aux mollusques. Plus d’une trentaine d’espèces à coquille sont détectables : 7 Gastropoda, 2 Cephalopoda et environ 25 Bivalvia. Certaines sont bien définies et décrites, tandis que d’autres restent floues voire hypothétiques. Certains foreurs ne sont repérables que par leurs traces. De nombreux ordres sont représentés. Nous avons limité les descriptions en vue du classement taxinomique au strict nécessaire, sans acharnement stérile. Nous avons préféré en revanche nous étendre sur les aspects écologiques, qui peuvent être abordés indépendamment de la classification : il est en effet assez facile de distinguer les animaux filtreurs, her- bivores, ou prédateurs et de restituer à chacun son lieu de vie. Il a été ainsi possible de reconstituer certains aspects de l’écosystème benthique et hypobenthique, ce qui permettra le lien avec les autres strates physiques de la mer des Iullemmeden et, à terme, à une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement global de ce bassin épicontinental. Sommaire 1 Introduction 4 2 Paléontologie systématique 4 2.1 Stratigraphie . 4 2.2 Systématique . 4 3 Etats des éléments figurés 11 4 Gastropoda 12 4.1 Phasianellidae . 12 4.2 Turritellidae . 12 4.3 Volutidae . 13 4.4 Acteonidae . 13 4.5 Eupulmonata . 13 4.6 Bilan pour les Gastropoda . 14 5 Cephalopoda 14 5.1 Nautiloidea . 14 5.2 Ammonoidea . 14 5.3 Bilan pour les Cephalopoda . 15 6 Bivalvia 16 6.1 Spécimens de référence . 16 6.2 Pinnidae . 17 6.3 Ostreidae, Gryphaeidae . 17 6.4 Carditidae . 20 6.5 Pholadoidea . 23 6.6 Teredinidae . 23 6.7 Corbulidae . 24 2 6.8 Arcticidae . 24 6.9 Mactridae . 26 6.10 Petricolidae . 26 6.11 Veneridae . 26 6.12 Bilan pour les Bivalvia . 27 7 Moulages particuliers 27 8 Quelques aspects écologiques 29 8.1 Sous-écosystèmes à Ostrea tunetana ...................... 29 8.2 Autre sous-écosystème . 30 9 Planches 31 3 1 Introduction Cet article concerne trois taxons de mollusques à coquilles découverts sur cinq sites du Maas- trichtien supérieur : In Daman ; Kéhéhé ; Keita ; Mentess ; Ilatane. Après une série d’articles consacrés aux vertébrés de ces mêmes sites, celui-ci se consacre à une faune souvent consi- dérée comme moins intéressante, mais qui constitue cependant une strate de toute première importance pour l’écosystème. Aussi doit-elle être étudiée avec autant, sinon davantage d’at- tentions. Les difficultés sont d’un autre ordre par rapport aux investigations sur les vertébrés, en particulier de nombreux imbroglios nomenclaturaux apparaissent, ainsi que des confusions : un auteur particulier a pu confondre des espèces distinctes, tout en créant plusieurs fois la même espèce sous des genres ou épithètes différents. Nous signalerons rapidement de tels faits sans nous y appesantir, préférant discuter plus en détail les aspects de l’écosystème que peuvent nous révéler les mollusques. 2 Paléontologie systématique : position stratigraphique ; positions taxinomiques 2.1 Stratigraphie Position stratigraphique : formation du Farin-Doutchi, Maastrichtien supérieur. Localité principale : près du village d’In Daman, centre du site à 15◦ 24.90 Nord, 5◦ 47.40 Est, département de Tahoua, Niger. Autres localités : près du village de Kéhéhé, centre du site à 15◦ 2.00 Nord, 5◦ 38.10 Est, département de Tahoua, Niger ; collège de Keita, à 14◦ 44.70 Nord, 5◦ 47.00 Est, département de Tahoua, Niger ; lieu-dit Mentess, à 17◦ 000 Nord, 4◦ 170 Est, département d’Agadès, Niger ; lieu-dit Ilatane, à 16◦ 29.70 Nord, 4◦ 37.40 Est, Niger. Note : une espèce d’huître trouvée à Mentess pourrait provenir d’un niveau Sénonien inférieur ou moyen, et non du Maastrichtien. 2.2 Systématique Figures 2 et 3 : cladogrammes simplifiés des gastropoda et des Bivalvia ; seuls les taxons concernés par notre matériel ont été mentionnés dans ces schémas élagués. Le classement qui suit s’inspire de ces cladogrammes. La description sommaire du matériel examiné pour situer, différencier et parfois déterminer chaque espèce est précédée d’un indice de qualité inscrit entre crochets, soit un nombre compris entre 1 et 6. – niveau 6 : organisme entièrement reconstituable dans tous ses détails. – niveau 5 : détails bien définis ; classement univoque au niveau genre. – niveau 4 : organisme approximativement reconstitué ; attribution possible à un genre. – niveau 3 : le plan d’ensemble est connu mais avec peu de détail ; classement univoque au niveau famille. – niveau 2 : classement douteux au niveau famille. – niveau 1 : classement très douteux au niveau famille. – niveau 0 : élément figuré inexploitable. Lorsqu’il est fait référence à un genre possible, l’étage correspondant à l’une des occurrences du genre en question est précisée entre crochets s’il n’est pas signalé au Maastrichtien. 4 La figure 1 visualise les répartitions des espèces et des taxons supraspécifiques entre les différents sites, classés du nord au sud. Classe Gastropoda Cuvier 1795 Famille Phasianellidae Swainson 1840 Gen. sp. [1] Matériel examiné : quatre moulages internes ; un moulage externe positif ; Kéhéhé. Sous-classe Apogastropoda Famille Turritellidae Lovén 1847 Turritella cf. communis Lamarck 1799 Risso 1826 [actuel] [5] Matériel examiné : nombreux moulages internes ; nombreux moulages externes négatifs ; Kéhéhé, In Daman. Famille Volutidae Rafinesque 1815 cf. Volutilithes sp. Swainson 1829 [Eocène] [3] Matériel examiné : trois moulages internes, In Daman. cf. Athleta sp. Conrad 1853 [Eocène] [3] Matériel examiné : cinq moulages internes, In Daman, Kéhéhé, Mentess. Gen. sp. [3] Matériel examiné : un moulage interne, In Daman. Heterobranchia Gray 1840 Famille Acteonidae d’Orbigny 1842 Gen. sp. [2] Matériel examiné : un moulage interne, Kéhéhé. Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville 1814 Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber 1990 Gen. sp. [1] Matériel examiné : cinq pseudomorphoses, In Daman. Classe Cephalopoda Cuvier 1797 Superfamille Nautiloidea Agassiz 1847 Gen. sp. [1] Matériel examiné : deux moulages internes, Mentess. Superfamille Ammonoidea Zittel 1884 Famille Sphenodiscidae ? Hyatt 1900 5 Libycoceras ismaeli Hyatt 1900 Zittel 1895 [5] Matériel examiné : nombreux moulages internes, deux moulages externes, Kéhéhé, In Da- man. Classe Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 Autolamellibranchiata Grobben 1894 Pteriomorpha Beurlen 1944 Ordre Pterioida Newell 1965 Famille Pinnidae Leach 1819 Atrina sp. Gray 1847 [4] Matériel examiné : une dizaine de moulages internes, certains avec fragments de coquilles ; Kéhéhé. Famille Ostreidae Rafinesque 1815 Famille Gryphaeidae Vyalov 1936 Ostrea tunetana Linnaeus 1758 Munier-Chalmas 1881 [5] Matériel examiné : très nombreuses coquilles ; Kéhéhé, In Daman, Keita, Mentess. Odontogryphaea sp. Thering 1903 [4] Matériel examiné : deux coquilles ; Kéhéhé. Ostrea sp.1 (O. cf. multicostata) Linnaeus 1758 Linnaeus 1758 [Eocène] [4] Matériel examiné : plusieurs coquilles ; Mentess, Kéhéhé, Ilatane. Alectryonia aff. aucapitainei Fischer von Waldheim 1807 (Coquand) 1869 [5] Matériel examiné : une vingtaine de coquilles ; Kéhéhé, Mentess, In Daman. Ostrea sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 [4] Matériel examiné : une coquille ; In Daman. Pycnodonte flicki Fischer von Waldheim 1835 Fischer von Waldheim 1835 [5] Matériel examiné : trois coquilles ; Kéhéhé, Mentess. Ostrea sp.3 Linnaeus 1758 [4] Matériel examiné : nombreuses coquilles ; Mentess, peut-être Sénonien. Heteroconchia
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