OS-9 Level One Operating System User's Guide
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OS-9 Level One Operating System User’s Guide Version 02.01.01 BETA1 OS-9 Level One Operating System User’s Guide: Version 02.01.01 BETA1 Copyright © 2003 by The CoCo Community All Rights Reserved. Revision History Revision Org. 1983 Original OS-9 Level One Guide Revision A March 2003 Updated with the changes made by Boisy Pitre Table of Contents Welcome to OS-9!........................................................................................................... i 1. Getting Started... ........................................................................................................1 1.1. What You Need to Run OS-9 ........................................................................1 1.1.1. Starting the System............................................................................1 1.1.2. In Case You Have Problems Starting OS-9 ....................................1 1.1.3. A Quick Introduction to the Use of the Keyboard and Disks .....1 1.1.4. Initial Explorations ............................................................................2 1.2. Making a Backup of the System Disk..........................................................3 1.2.1. Formatting Blank Disks ....................................................................3 1.2.2. Running the Backup Program .........................................................3 2. Basic Interactive Functions ......................................................................................5 2.1. Running Commands and Basic Shell Operation .......................................5 2.1.1. Sending Output to the Printer .........................................................5 2.2. Shell Command Line Parameters ................................................................6 2.3. Some Common Command Formats............................................................6 2.4. Using the Keyboard and Video Display .....................................................7 2.4.1. Video Display Functions...................................................................7 2.4.2. Keyboard Shift and Control Functions...........................................8 2.4.3. Control Key Functions ......................................................................8 3. The OS-9 File System..............................................................................................11 3.1. Introduction to the Unified Input/Output System .................................11 3.2. Pathlists: How Paths Are Named ..............................................................11 3.3. I/O Device Names .......................................................................................12 3.4. Multifile Devices And Directory Files.......................................................12 3.5. Creating and Using Directories..................................................................13 3.6. Deleting Directory Files...............................................................................15 3.7. Additional Information About Directories...............................................15 3.8. Using and Changing Working Directories ...............................................15 3.8.1. Automatic Selection of Working Directories ...............................16 3.8.2. Changing Current Working Directories .......................................17 3.8.3. Anonymous Directory Names.......................................................17 3.9. The File Security System .............................................................................17 3.9.1. Examining and Changing File Attributes ....................................18 3.10. Reading and Writing From Files ..............................................................19 3.10.1. File Usage in OS-9..........................................................................19 3.10.2. Text Files..........................................................................................19 3.10.3. Random Access Data Files ...........................................................20 3.10.4. Executable Program Module Files ..............................................20 3.10.5. Directory Files ................................................................................20 3.10.6. Miscellaneous File Usage .............................................................21 3.11. Physical File Organization ........................................................................21 4. Advanced Features of the Shell ............................................................................23 4.1. A More Detailed Description Command Line Processing.....................23 4.2. Execution Modifiers.....................................................................................23 4.2.1. Alternate Memory Size Modifier...................................................24 4.2.2. I/O Redirection Modifiers..............................................................24 4.3. Command Separators ..................................................................................25 4.3.1. Sequential Execution.......................................................................25 4.3.2. Concurrent Execution .....................................................................25 4.3.3. Pipes and Filters...............................................................................26 4.4. Command Grouping....................................................................................26 4.5. Built-in Shell Commands and Options .....................................................27 4.6. Shell Procedure Files....................................................................................28 4.7. Error Reporting.............................................................................................28 4.8. Running Compiled Intermediate Code Programs ..................................29 4.9. Setting Up Timesharing System Procedure Files.....................................29 iii 5. Multiprogramming and Memory Management ................................................31 5.1. Processor Time Allocation and Timeslicing .............................................31 5.2. Process States ................................................................................................32 5.3. Creation of New Processes..........................................................................32 5.4. Basic Memory Management Functions.....................................................33 5.4.1. Loading Program Modules Into Memory....................................33 5.4.2. Loading Multiple Programs...........................................................35 5.4.3. Memory Fragmentation..................................................................35 6. Use of the System Disk...........................................................................................37 6.1. The OS9Boot File ..........................................................................................37 6.2. The SYS Directory ........................................................................................37 6.3. The Startup File ............................................................................................38 6.4. The CMDS Directory ...................................................................................38 6.5. The DEFS Directory .....................................................................................38 6.6. Changing System Disks...............................................................................38 6.7. Making New System Disks.........................................................................38 7. System Command Descriptions............................................................................41 7.1. Formal Syntax Notation ..............................................................................41 7.2. Commands ....................................................................................................41 ATTR............................................................................................................41 BACKUP .....................................................................................................42 BINEX..........................................................................................................43 BUILD..........................................................................................................44 CHD/CHX..................................................................................................45 CMP .............................................................................................................45 COBBLER....................................................................................................46 CONFIG ......................................................................................................47 COPY ...........................................................................................................50 CPUTYPE....................................................................................................51 DATE ...........................................................................................................51 DCHECK.....................................................................................................52 DEBUG........................................................................................................54 DED .............................................................................................................55 DEL ..............................................................................................................56