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To the Knowledge of the Biology and Distribution of Monopis Crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with Remarks on Cavernicolous Lepidoptera

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To the Knowledge of the Biology and Distribution of Monopis Crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with Remarks on Cavernicolous Lepidoptera Russian Entomol. J. 28(1): 72–81 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2019 To the knowledge of the biology and distribution of Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with remarks on cavernicolous Lepidoptera Ê ïîçíàíèþ áèîëîãèè è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) ñ çàìåòêàìè î ïåùåðíûõ áàáî÷êàõ A.A. Turbanova1, I.S. Turbanov2,3, O.G. Gorbunov1 À.A. Òóðáàíîâà1, È.Ñ. Òóðáàíîâ2,3, Î.Ã. Ãîðáóíîâ1 1 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 I.D. Papanin Institute of the Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl Region 152742, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Cherepovets State University, Lunacharskogo prospekt 5, Cherepovets, Vologda Region 162600, Russia. 1 Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, Ленинский проспект 33, Москва 119071, Россия. 2 Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина РАН, пос. Борок, Ярославская обл. 152742, Россия. 3 Череповецкий государственный университет, проспект Луначарского 5, Череповец, Вологодская обл. 162600, Россия. KEY WORDS: Abkhazia, cave, eutroglophile, subtroglophile, trogloxene, bat guano, new record. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Абхазия, пещера, эутроглофилы, субтроглофилы, троглоксены, гуано рукокрылых, новая находка. ABSTRACT. The tineid moth, Monopis crocicapi- Introduction tella (Clemens, 1860) is recorded from Abkhazia, Cau- casus for the first time, found there in the Adzaba Cave. The invertebrate fauna that populates the caves and Its diagnosis is given, and the main features of its subterranean waters of Russia and other countries of the biology and distribution are outlined. An identification former USSR is currently known to contain no fewer key to troglophilic or potentially troglophilic species of than 735 species or subspecies from 278 families [Tur- the family Tineidae is presented. A complete checklist banov et al., 2016a–c]. Of them, only four species of of the Lepidoptera species recorded from caves in the Lepidoptera representing three families have been not- former USSR is compiled, based both on an analysis of ed as troglophiles [Turbanov et al., 2016b], namely, the literature data and on the material kept in the avail- Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758) and T. taochata able collections. Problems of an ecological classifica- (Lederer, 1870), both Geometridae, Scoliopteryx liba- tion of the Lepidoptera in caves of the former USSR are trix (Linnaeus, 1758), Erebidae (referred to as Noctu- also discussed. idae), and Tinea sp., Tineidae. In addition, they report- ed “several” unnamed species as trogloxenes in the РЕЗЮМЕ. Приведены сведения о новой находке families Arctiidae, Depressaridae, Erebidae, Noctuidae, моли Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) в пеще- Nymphalidae, Pieridae and Tineidae (loc. cit., p. 1302– ре Адзаба в Абхазии. Приводится диагноз, особен- 1303). Below we provide a full review of the lepidopter- ности биологии и распространения этого вида. Пред- ans recorded in caves of the former Soviet Union, ставлен ключ для определения троглофильных ви- including information about our new findings of some дов семейства Tineidae. Представлен полный спи- species in Crimean caves (see more in Taxonomic part). сок чешуекрылых, отмеченных в пещерах бывшего However, these species also need to be refined as re- СССР, основанный на анализе литературных дан- gards their ecological status in cavernicoly (see more in ных и материале авторских сборов. Обсуждаются Discussion and Conclusion). вопросы экологической классификации чешуекры- In the spring of 2017, the first author collected some лых пещер бывшего СССР. larvae of a microlepidopterous species on bat guano in the How to cite this article: Turbanova A.A., Turbanov I.S., Gorbunov O.G. 2019. To the knowledge of the biology and distribution of Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with remarks on caverni- colous Lepidoptera // Russian Entomol. J. Vol.28. No.1. P.72–81. doi: 10.15298/rusentj.28.1.12 To the knowledge of the biology and distribution of Monopis crocicapitella 73 Adzaba Cave, Abkhazia, western Caucasus, with moths ophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800), R. ferrumequi- emerged a few weeks later in the laboratory. The species num (Schreber, 1774) and R. euryale Blasius, 1853, all appears to be Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860). Rhinolophidae; Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817), The cave of Adzaba [in some sources it is referred to M. blythii (Tomes, 1857), Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, as Uaz-Abaa or Zamok Feodala (The Castle of a Feudal)] 1758), Barbastella barbastellus Schreber, 1774 and Mini- is located in the vicinity of Verkhnie Eshery (Upper opterus schreibersi (Kuhl, 1817), all Vespertilionidae Eshery) of the Sukhum District, in the lower reaches of [Ivanitsky, 2016]. Near the location of the colony (close Gumista River on the slopes of the right bank of the same to the right wall at a distance of 30 meters from the cave gorge [Ivanitsky, 2016]. The entrance to the cave is entrance) there is a fairly large accumulation of bat surrounded by rock limestone outcrops. Near the en- guano (approximately 1 m × 0.3 m × 0.2 m), from which trance there is a small stream which originates in the the larvae of M. crocicapitella were collected. Absolute depths of the cave. An archway entrance to the cave (Fig. air humidity outside is 16.2 mm, inside the cave it is 1) is oriented to the east, lying at an altitude of 350 m 12.6 mm, the relative humidity is 91 and 96%, respec- a.s.l.; its height is about 10 m, the width is 4–6 m. The tively [Ivanitsky, 2016]. The average temperature in the cave is tree-like. The length of the course is 145 m. The cave during the year is approximately 10–15° C. cave is characterized as a karst cavity developed under So far the following troglophilic species of Tineidae the influence of low-yield flows resulting from small- have been identified from caves of the former USSR: sized karst cracks, being referred to cavities of modern Monopis laevigella, Monopis sp. [Mukhanov, Kapral- generation [Tintilozov, 1976]. According to Gvozdetsky ov, 2010] and Tinea sp. [Vlasov, 1937]. In addition, we [1940], the entrance part of Adzaba is a deep gorge with present a list of 12 troglophilic species of Tineidae sheer walls. It arose as the result of a collapsed cave roof (Lepidoptera) which are known to occur in the territory with a window along the ceiling [Tintilozov, 1976]. of the former USSR. All of them can live in caves. Their Airflows are especially well expressed in the first knee: in larvae feed on the guano of bats, drops of other mam- the right half there is a warm entrance, the left half mals or birds, also on feathers, wool and other animal remains cold [Ivanitsky, 2016]. The Adzaba Cave sup- residues [Zagulajev, 1960]. Besides this, they have been ports 8 species of bats representing two families: Rhinol- mentioned as true troglophiles [Jakšić, 2017]. For each 1 Fig. 1. The archway entrance to Adzaba Cave. Picture courtesy S.M. Turchinskaya. Рис. 1. Вход в пещеру Адзаба. Фотография С.М. Турчинской. 74 A.A. Turbanova et al. species, we provide the distribution within the former are fitted with the corresponding number placed in the USSR, where it can be met with in caves. microtube. This number as a label (e. g. Genitalia prep- Nemapogon cloacellus (Haworth, 1828) — Europe- aration № OG–034-2018) is pinned under the specimen an part, Caucasus and Transcaucasus, Central Asia, and listed in the last author’s archive. Siberia, Far East. The specimens of M. crocicapitella examined are Nemapogon granellus (Linnaeus, 1758) — Europe- deposited in the collection of Alexei N. Zamesov, Mos- an part, Caucasus and Transcaucasus, southern part of cow, Russia (CAZM). All other lepidopterans described West Siberia. in this article are stored in the personal collection of the Anomalotinea liguriella (Millière, 1879) — south- second author. ern European part, Transcaucasus. Trichophaga tapetzella (Linnaeus, 1758) — Euro- Results pean part, southern part of West Siberia. Monopis christophi (G. Petersen, 1957) — Europe- Family Tineidae Latreille, 1810 an part, southern part of West Siberia, Central Asia. Monopis fenestratella (Heyden, 1863) — European Monopis crocicapitella (Clemens, 1860) part (Ukraine), Transcaucasus. Figs 1–8. Monopis imella (Hübner, 1813) — European part, “T.[inea] crocicapitella.” — Clemens, 1860*: 257 (key), 258, Caucasus and Transcaucasus, Central Asia, Siberia. fig. 1a. Type locality: not stated [= North America: USA, Philadel- Monopis laevigella ([Denis et Schiffermüller], phia (?)]. = “Tinea amandatella.” — Walker, 1863: 480. Type locality: 1775) — European part, Caucasus and Transcaucasus, “Ceylon.” [= Sri Lanka]. Central Asia, Siberia, Far East. = “[Tinea] Hyalinella n. sp.” — Staudinger, 1870: 229. Type Monopis nonimella Zagulajev, 1955 — European locality: “… aus Griechenland, … Malaga …” [Greece; Spain: part, southern part of West Siberia, Central Asia. Málaga]. = “Blabophanes Lombardica n. spec.”— Hering, 1889: 295. Monopis obviella ([Denis et Schiffermuller], Type locality: “Der Fundort des Thiers ist in der Brianza (nördliche 1775) — European part, Caucasus and Transcaucasus, Lombardei) ...” [= Italy: Lombardy]. southern part of West Siberia. = “Blabophanes heringi” — Richardson, 1893: 14. Type local- Monopis pallidella (Zagulajev, 1955) — European ity: “… at Portland …” [= England: Isle of Portland]. part, Caucasus, Central
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