Associate Professor of Mathematics

THE

CORNELL UNIVERSITY REGISTER

1885-86

ITHACA, N. Y.

PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 0 D. Mason

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CALENDAR ®

ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT: The University and the State 11 Trustees 12 Faculty 12 State Students 12 Optional and Special Students 13 Graduate Students 13 Scholarships and Fellowships 13 Higher Education of Women 14 Physical Training 15 Military Science 15 Religious Services Christian Association 16 General Student Organizations 16

OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY : Trustees 17 Faculty 18 Lecturers and Non-Resident Professors 21 Instructors and Examiners 22 Other Officers 23 Special Faculties 24 University Councils 25 University Preachers 26

MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY : Buildings: Morrill Hall and White Hall 27 McGraw Building 27 Civil Engineering Building 28 Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering 28 Chemical and Physical Building 29 Sage College for Women 30 Sage Chapel 30 Gymnasium and Armory 31 Cascadilla Place 31 Museums: Agricultural Museum 31 Museum of Archaeology 32 Architectural Collection 32 Botanical Museum 32 e TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Chemical Museum 33 Museum of Conchology 33 Museum of Civil Engineering 33 Museum of Entomology 34 Museum of Sibley College 34 Museum of Geology and Paleontology 36 Museum of Veterinary Science 36 Museum of Zoology 37 Laboratories: Anatomical Laboratory 38 Botanical Laboratory 38 Chemical Laboratory 38 Laboratory of Civil Engineering 39 Entomological Laboratory 39 Geological Laboratory 40 Histological Laboratory 40 Mechanical Laboratory 40 Paleontological Laboratory 40 Physical Laboratory 40 The University Library 42 The University Farm 44

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION : LANGUAGE. PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY, AND POLITICS: Latin 45 Greek 47 Oriental Languages 48 Germanic Languages 49 Romance Languages 51 English Language and Literature 53 Anglo-Saxon and English Literature 53 Rhetoric and Oratory • 55 Philosophy 56 History and Political Science 57 GENERAL SCIENCE: Mathematics and Astronomy 60 Physics 63 Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Metallurgy 65 Botany, Horticulture, and Arboriculture 69 Entomology and Invertebrate Zoology 70 Physiology and Vertebrate Zoology 71 Geology 73 Paleontology 73 e TABLE OF CONTENTS.

APPLIED SCIENCE AND THE ARTS : Agriculture 74 Veterinary Science 75 Architecture 75 Civil Engineering 77 Mechanical Engineering and the Mechanic Arts 79 Military Science and Tactics 80

COURSES OF STUDY: GENERAL COURSES 82 Course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts 83 Course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Philos- ophy 83 Course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Letters 84

TECHNICAL COURSES : Course in Agriculture 85 Course in Architecture 86 Course in Chemistry 87 Courses in Civil Engineering 88 Graduate Courses in Civil Engineering 89 Courses in Mechanical Engineering 91 Course in Electrical Engineering 92 Graduate Courses in Mechanical Engineering 93 Course in Industrial Art 95 Medical Preparatory Course 96

FULLER DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNICAL COURSES : Architecture 97 Civil Engineering 98 Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering and the Mechanic Arts: 100 Mechanical Engineering 101 Mechanic Arts or Shop Work 104 Industrial Drawing and Art 106 Electrical Engineering 107 Marine Engineering 109 Mining Engineering * 109 Steam Engineering 110 Railroad Machinery s 110 Lyceum and Non-Resident Lecturers Ill

PRIZES AND HONORS: Woodford Prize 112 e TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Junior Exhibition 113 Horace K. White Prizes 113 Sibley Prizes in Mechanic Arts 113 Honors for General Excellence 113 Honors in Special Subjects 113 Mid-Course Honors 115 Final Honors 116

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS 119

STATE SCHOLARSHIPS 122

ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS : Entrance Examinations 125 Special Students 129 Optional Students 129 Admission to Advanced Standing 130

RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION : Terms and Vacations 132 Registration 132 Record of Work 133 Exercises of the Term 133 Payments to the University 133 Expenses of Residence 134 Graduation 134 The First Degrees 134 Advanced Degrees 135

CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS : • Fellows 138 Graduates 139 Undergraduates 141 Students holding University Scholarships 141 , Seniors 143 Juniors 145 Sophomores 147 Freshmen 152 Special Students 158 Summary of Undergraduates and Graduates 159

PROGRAMME OF SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT 160

ASSOCIATE ALUMNI 166

EXAMINATION PAPERS 169

INDEX 191 THE CALENDAR. 1885-6.

FALL TERM—1885. September 15 Tuesday Entrance Examinations begin.

September 17 Thursday REGISTRATION for the Term. September 18 Friday Instruction begins.

November » j Jhursday^ J Thanksgivino.

{ Subjects of theses for advanced December 1 Tuesday ( grees announced. December 11 Friday Term Examinations begin. December 18 Friday Term ends.

WINTER TERM—1886. January 5 Tuesday Entrance Examinations begin.

January 7 Thursday REGISTRATION for the Term. January 8 Friday Instruction begins. January 11 Monday Founder's Day. March 8 Monday Woodford Orations due. March 19 Friday Term Examinations begin. March 26 Friday Term Ends.

SPRING TERM—1886.

April 3 Saturday REGISTRATION for the Term. April 5 Monday Instruction begins. 9 10 THE CALENDAR.

April 16 Friday Woodford Prize Competition. May 1 Saturday Theses for advanced degrees due. May 17 Monday Commencement Essays due.

< May 31 Monday Senior Examinations begin.

June 1 Tuesday Examinations for Second Degrees. June 4 Friday Term Examinations begin. June 11 Friday Term Examinations end. June 13 Sunday Baccalaureate.

June 14 Monday Entrance Examinations begin. June 15 Tuesday Class Day.

J Alumni Day. June 16 Wednesday | Annual Meeting of the Trustees.

June 17 Thursday ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT.

FALL TERM—1886-7.

September 14 Tuesday Entrance Examinations begin.

September 16 Thursday REGISTRATION for the Term.

September 17 Friday Instruction begins. ORGANIZATION AN1) GOVERNMENT.

THE UNIVERSITY A\TD THE STATE. The existence of Cornell University is due to the bounty of the United States and of Ezra Cornell. On the second day of July, 18(52, Congress passed an act granting public lands to the several States which should "provide at least one college where the leading objects shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts/' Thirty thousand acres for each of its senators and representatives yi Congress were appropriated to every State ; and the share of the State of New York was nine hundred and ninety thousand acres in land scrip. On the twenty-seventh of April, 1865, the Legislature of New York incorporated u The Cornell University," appropriating to it the income arising from the sale of this land scrip. The most important conditions were, that Ezra Cornell should give to the University five hundred thousand dollars; that the University should give instruction in branches relating to agriculture, mechanic arts, and military tactics; and that it should receive, without charge for tuition, one student annually from each assembly district. Mr. Cornell fulfilled the first requirement of the charter, and made an additional gift of more than two hundred acres of land, with buildings, to be used as a farm in connection with the department of agriculture The Act of Incorporation satisfies the condition of the con- gressional grant by providing for instruction in such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, and in military tactics, "in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life." And it further declares that " such other branches of science and knowledge may be embraced in the plan 11 X /

12 ORGANIZA TION AND GOVERNMENT. of instruction and investigation pertaining to the University, as the trustees may deem useful and proper." The University, organized in accordance with the requirements of its charter, was opened on the seventh of October, 1868.

TRUSTEES. The number of trustees, when the Board is full, is twenty- three. The eldest male lineal descendant of the Founder is, by the law of the State, a trustee, as are also seven others, the Pres- ident of the University, the Governor of the State of New York, the Lieutenant-Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the State Agricultural Society, and the Librarian of the Cornell Library. Of the remaining fifteen, two are elected annually by the trustees and one by the alumni. The term of every trustee not ex officio is five'years.

FACULTY. The Faculty consists of professors, associate professors, and assistant professors, and is aided by non-resident professors and lecturers, and by instructors and examiners. It comprises the following special faculties: Arts; Literature; Philosophy; Sci- ence; Agriculture; Architecture; Chemistry and Physics; Civil Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering and the Mechanic Arts ; Natural History ; and History and Political Sci- ence. The several special faculties constitute standing committees to which are referred questions relating to the departments under their control, but their action is subject to the approval of the general faculty.

STATE STUDENTS. The ninth paragraph of the original Act of Incorporation provides tor the admission of one student annually from each assembly district without payment of tuition. The number thus received, when all the scholarships are filled, is five hundred and twelve. These State students are to be selected, by yearly competitive examinations, from the various academies and public schools of the State. It is the duty of the school commissioners of counties and of the boards of education of cities to hold and conduct such examinations, and to award the scholarships. As the law requires the selection of u the best scholar/' no distinc- ORGAN/ZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. \ 5

tion of sex is recognized in the competition. For further details regarding this subject, see instructions with regard to Scholar- ships, under the appropriate head below.

OPTIONAL AND SPECIAL STUDENTS. It was one of the leading objects in founding the University to provide for the wants of those who, though earnest and industrious students, cannot complete a full four-year course. The class distinctions which are in most cases strictly observed elsewhere, are not regarded by the Faculty of the University as any obstacle to recitation and attendance upon lectures with any class which the student is prepared to join. Special students are admitted for a limited period without examination. They must be twenty-one years old, and of approved character and attainments. GRADUATE STUDENTS. For purposes of advanced study the University extends its privileges to its own graduates, and to graduates of like standing from other colleges and universities, and it confers advanced degrees under conditions described elsewhere. Graduate students who are not candidates for a degree are received in any department, and for any length of time.

SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS. The Scholarships and Fellowships of Cornell University were founded, in the prosperity of the University, in grateful remem- brance of financial aid once given in a time of need by its Trustees, the Hon. Ezra Cornell, John McGraw, Esq., the Hon. Henry W. Sage, the Hon. Hiram Sibley, and President Andrew D. White. In accordance with their wishes as then expressed, a sum of money (amounting to one hundred and fifty-five thousand dollars) has been permanently set aside to provide encour- agement and assistance for students of high character and ability of either sex, in the prosecution of collegiate work, and of advanced study and research after graduation. There has also been set apart, from the fund contributed by the Hon. Henry W. Sage for the superior education of women, the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the establishment of similar scholarships and fellowships for women. Details concerning the number of these fellowships and scholarships, arid the manner in which they are awarded, will be found under the appropriate head below. ORGAN/ZA TION AND GO VERNMENT.\ 5

HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN.

By an act of the Trustees, passed in April, 1872, women are admitted to the University on the same terms as men, except that they must be at least seventeen years old. A separate building, the Sage College, has been erected and furnished for their residence. The entrance examinations and all the studies, except military science, are the same for women as for men. In view of the superior advantages to women students afforded by the Sage College, it has been decided that hereafter " all lady students of the University shall be required to room and board in Sage College, unless specially excused for due cause shown by the Sage College Committee." This committee is composed of the chairman of the Board of Trustees and the President and Treasurer of the University. Any ladies wishing to enter the University, who can assign really valid reasons for residing elsewhere than in Sage College, should send in a request with reasons for it, at the earliest date possible, to the President of the University. In order to give Sage College more of the safeguards of a well-ordered home, and to bring its inmates directly under an influence akin to that of the family, the Trustees, in the year 1884-5, established a lady principalship, the intention being to have a lady of high character, attainments, and social position living at the college, associating with its students, ready to give suggestions as to their general culture, and counsel in special matters at any moment, and to act toward them at all times as a friend and ad- viser. The lady called to this position is Mrs. Agnes M. Derkhiern, formerly of Philadelphia, and her success thus far seems to leave no doubt as to the wisdom of the new arrangement. Additional provision has also been made for physical training in the Sage College Gymnasium. The Professor, Edward Hitch- cock, Jr., M. D., and his assistant in this department, have organized a system of exercises calculated to maintain and develop the physical strength of young women, and at the same time to prevent any of the evils which might arise from exercises that are too violent or too long continued. The exercises thus provided for are obligatory upon all residents of the college, subject to exceptions in particular eases by the Lady Principal and by Dr. Hitchcock. ORGAN/ZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. \ 5

PHYSICAL TRAINING.

For the physical training and development of students there has been provided a Gymnasium, thoroughly equipped with baths, dressing-rooms, and all necessary appliances for bodily culture. This is under the charge of an experienced physician, the Professor of Physical Culture and Director of the Gym- nasium, who examines every student at his entrance and at stated intervals thereafter, learns the condition of his health, takes his physical measurements, and prescribes such exercises as may be required for his complete and symmetrical bodily development. The gymnasium is also open to all the members of the University for voluntary exercise; but the Professor of Phys- ical Culture or the Instructor in Gymnastics is in constant attendance, and no student is suffered to indulge in hazardous or excessive athletic efforts, or to attempt any feat which in his individual case might be attended with risk. A supplementary gymnasium at the Sage College for the women students is well supplied with apparatus, but is conducted on a somewhat different plan. In the physical training of the students the practical instruction in military science is found a valuable aid.

MILITARY SCIENCE. Pursuant to the act of Congress creating the land grant on which the Cornell University is founded, and the act of the Legislature of the State of New lrork assigning that land grant, instruction is provided in Tactics and Military Science, Drill and Military Science are "a part of the studies and exercises in all courses of study and in the requirements of all students in the University" during the fall and spring terms of the freshman and sophomore years and the winter term of the senior year. Foreigners, laboring students, special students, and those phys- ically unfitted therefor are excused from drill. Students are required to provide themselves with the University uniform, unless excused on account of inability to procure it, and they are held accountable for loss or injury to the arms and other public property issued to them.

RELIGIOUS SERVICES.

The University, established by a government which recognizes no distinction of religious belief, seeks neither to promote any ORGAN/ZA TION AND GO VERNMENT.\ 5 creed, nor to exclude any. By the terms of its charter, persons of any religious denomination or of no religious denomination are equally eligible to all offices and appointments, but it is expressly ordered that " at no time shall a majority of the Board of Trustees be of any one religious sect, or of no religious sect" This is understood to imply, that while the University cannot be identified with, or under the control of any one religious denomination, it must, nevertheless, always be on the side of Chris- tianity as opposed to irreligion and unbelief. In the University Chapel—the gift of the Hon. Henry W. Sage—religious services are held, and discourses delivered by eminent clergymen selected from the various Christian denominations.

# CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.

The Christian Association is an organization of students and professors for the promotion of their religious culture, and for Christian work in the University. Rooms have been fitted up for its use in White Hall, where regular meetings are held. A committee of this Association is in attendance at Association Hall during the first week of every fall term for the purpose of assisting those entering the University with information in regard to rooms, board, times and places of examinations, etc., and in general to afford any assistance in their power which students who are strangers in Ithaca may feel inclined to seek from them.

GENERAL STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS.

The Seabury Guild, the Presbyterian Union, the Cornell Uni- versity Teachers' Association, the several Engineering Associa- tions. the Architectural Association, the Natural History Society, the Agricultural Association, the Mock Congress, the Cornell Debating Club, and the Irving Literary Society are organizations of students for mutual assistance and improvement in the several lines indicated in the names of the associations. These all hold regular meetings, and are assisted and directed in their work by members of the Faculty, whenever such assistance is practicable and desirable. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY

TRUSTEES.

The Hon. ALONZO B. CORNELL New York City. The PRESIDENT of the University, . ... Ex officio. His Excellency the GOVERNOR of New York, His Honor the LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, . . The SPEAKER of the Assembly, The SUPERINTENDENT of Public Instruction, . The PRESIDENT of the State Agricultural Society, The LIBRARIAN of the Cornell Library, . .

The Hon. AMASA J. PARKER, . Albany. Term of office GEORGE R. WILLIAMS, Esq., . . Ithaca. expires in MYNDERSE VAN CLEEF, Esq., . Ithaca. 1886.

The Hon. DOUGLAS BOARDMAN, . Ithaca. Term of office The Hon. HENRY W. Sage, Ithaca. expires in J. DE WITT WARNER, Esq., New York. 1887. The Hon. GEORGE W. SCHUYLER, Ithaca. Term of office ALFRED S. BARNES, Esq., . . New York. expires in JAMES F. GLUCK, Esq., . . . Buffalo. 1888. The Hon. HIRAM SIBLEY, . . . Rochester. The Hon. STEWART L. WOODFORD, New York. Term of office His Excellency Governor JOSEPH B. FORAKER, expires in Cincinnati, 0. 1889.

The Hon. HENRY B. LOUD, . . . Ithaca. ) Term of office The Hon. ERASTUS BROOKS, . New York. > expires in The Rev. GEORGE II.VAN DE WATER, Brooklyn. ) 1890.

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.

HENRY W. SAGE, Chairman WLLLIAM R. HUMPHREY, Secretary EMMONS L. WILLIAMS Treasurer 17 18 OFFICERS OF THE I UNIVERSITY.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

HENRY W. SAGE, Chairman, WILLIAM R. HUMPHREY. CHARLES K. ADAMS, DOUGLAS BOARDMAN, HENRY B. LORD, MYNDERSE VAN CLEEF, GEORGE W. SCHUYLER, GEORGE R. WILLIAMS. EMMONS L. WILLIAMS, Secretary.

FACULTY.

ARRANGED, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE OFFICERS OF THE FACULTY, IN THE ORDER OF SENIORITY OF APPOINTMENT.

CHARLES KENDALL ADAMS, LL.D., University Grounds PRESIDENT, and Professor of History.

THE REV. WILLIAM DEXTER WILSON, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D., 109 Cascadilla REGISTRAR, Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy.

GEORGE CHAPMAN CALDWELL, B.S., Ph.D., University Grounds SECRETARY OF THE FACULTY, Professor of Agricultural and Analytical Chemistry.

BURT GREEN WILDER, B.S., M.D., 148 E. Buffalo St Professor of Physiology, Comparative Anatomy, and Zoology.

JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., University Grounds Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.

ALBERT NELSON PRENTISS, M.S., University Grounds Professor of Botany, Horticulture and Arboriculture.

JOHN LEWIS MORRIS, A.M., C.E., University Grounds Sibley Professor of Practical Mechanics and Machine Construction.

THOMAS FREDERICK CRANE, A.M., University Grounds Professor of the Romance Languages and Literatures.

CHARLES ASHMEAD SCHAEFFER, A.M., Ph.D., 135 E. Seneca St Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry, and of Mineralogy. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 19

FREDERICK LOUIS OTTO RCEHRIG, Ph.D., M.D., 1 Cascadilla Professor of Sanskrit and Living Asiatic Languages.

HIRAM CORSON, A.M., LL.D., Cascadilla Cottage Professor of Anglo-Saxon and English Literature.

WATERMAN THOMAS HEWETT, A.M., Ph.D., University Grounds Professor of the German Language and Literature.

LUCIEN AUGUSTUS WAIT, A.B., University Grounds Associate Professor of Mathematics.

ISAAC FLAGG, Ph.D., Corner Hazen and Mitchell Sts. Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.

CHARLES CHAUNCY SHACKFORD, A.M., University Grounds Professor of Rhetoric and General Literature.

THE REV. CHARLES BABCOCK, A.M., University Grounds Professorof Architecture.

JAMES EDWARD OLIVER, A.M., 69 Heustis St. Professor of Mathematics.

WILLIAM ARNOLD ANTHONY, Ph.B., 9 W. Buffalo St. Professor of Physics and Experimental Mechanics.

ESTEVAN ANTONIO FUERTES, C. E., M.A.S.C.E., 170 E. State St. Professor of Civil Engineering.

EDWIN CHASE CLEAVES, B.S., Cortland Associate Professor of Freehand Drawing and Mechanical Drawing.

ISAAC PHILLIPS ROBERTS, M.Agr., University Grounds Professor of Agriculture.

CHARLES LEE CRANDALL, C.E., 100 Hector St. Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering.

IRVING PORTER CHURCH, C.E., 151 E. Seneca St. Assistant Professorof Civil Engineering. 20 OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY.

HORATIO STEVENS WHITE, A.B., University Grounds Professor of the German Language and Literature.

JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, B.S., " University Grounds Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology.

WILLIAM RUSSELL DUDLEY, M.S., 108 Cascadilia Assistant Professor of Cryptogamic Botany.

GEORGE WILLIAM JONES, A.M., 17 Factory St Assistant Professor of Mathematics.

SAMUEL GARDNER WILLIAMS, A.M., Ph.D., Corner of Green and Albany Sts. Professor of General and Economic Geology.

HENRY SHALER WILLIAMS, Ph.D., University Grounds Professor of Paleontology.

GEORGE SYLVANUS MOLER, A.B., B.M.E., 156 N. Aurora St. Assistant Professor of Physics. /

WILLIAM GARDNER HALE, A.B., University Grounds Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.

SIMON. HENRY GAGE, B.S., 148 Cascadilia Assistant Professor of Physiology, and Lecturer on Microscop- ical Technology.

CHARLES FRANCIS OSBORNE, 58 Cascadilia Assistant Professor of Architecture.

THE REV. MOSES COIT TYLER, LL.D., L.H.D., University Grounds Professor of American History.

SPENCER BAIRD NEWBURY, E.M., Ph.D., University Grounds Assistant Professor of General Chemistry9 Mineralogy, and Assaying.

HERBERT TUTTLE, A.M., 152 East Seneca St. Associate Professor of the History and Theory of Politics, and of International Law.

HENRY CARTER ADAMS, Ph.D., University Grounds Associate Professor of Political Economy. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 21

WALTER SCRIBNER SCHUYLER, ist Lieut. 5th Cav., U.S.A., 81 E. Buffalo St Professor of Military Science and Tatties.

EDWARD HITCHCOCK, JR., A.M., M.D., 100 Cascadilla Acting- Professorof Physical Culture and Director of the Gymnasium.

CHARLES DAVID MARX, C.E., Professor Wait's Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering.

ROBERT HENRY THURSTON, M.A., Doc. Eng., University Grounds Director of Sibley College ; Professor of Mechanical Engineering.

FRANK HARVEY BAILEY, Passed Assistant Engineer,U.S.N., 23 Quarry St. Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering; Instructor in Marine Engineering.

GEORGE WILLIAM HARRIS, Ph.B., 142 E. Seneca St. Acting Librarian.

LECTURERS AND NON-RESIDENT PROFESSORS.

GOLDWIN SMITH, LL.D., L.H.D., Toronto, Canada Lecturer on English Constitutional History.

FRANK B. SANBORN, M.A., Concord, Mass. Lecturer on Social Science.

THE HON. EUGENE SCHUYLER, LL.D., Ithaca Lecturer on the Diplomatic and Consular Administration of the United States.

THE HON. CHARLES E. FITCH, Rochester, N. Y. Lecturer on Journalism.

CHARLES EDWARD EMERY, Ph.D., New York City Lecturer in Steam and Marine Engineering.

CHARLES TALBOT PORTER, Esq., New York City Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 22

JOHN CHIPMAN HOADLEY, Esq,, Boston, Mass. Lecturer in Steam and Mechanical Engineering.

ERASMUS DARWIN LEAVITT, D.E., Cambridge, Mass. Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering and Engine Construction.

ROSSITER WORTHINGTON RAYMOND, Ph.D., New York City Lecturer on the Ethics of Engineering.

FRANCIS R. UPTON, Esq., New York City Lecturer on Practical Methods in Electric Lighting.

PROFESSOR T. C. MENDENHALL, Washington, D. C. Lecturer on Electrometers and their Uses in the Study of Atmospheric Electricity.

EDWARD WESTON, Esq., New York City Lecturer on Electric Lighting, and the Work of the Electrical Engineer.

INSTRUCTORS AND EXAMINERS.

SAMUEL JACQUES BRUN, B.S., 9 Giles St. Instructor in French.

FREDERICK ARTHUR HOLTON, B.S., 95 E. Seneca St. Instructor in Chemistry.

JAMES MCMAHON, A.B., 69 Heustis St Instructor in Mathematics.

PAUL DANIEL BRUN, 9 Giles St. Instructor in French.

FRANK HOWARD MORGAN, S.B., 178 E. State St. Instructor in Chemistry.

WILLIAM COLLIER DOLE, JR., 92 Cascadilia Instructor in Gymnastics.

JOHN J. HAYES, 23 Quarry St Instructor in Elocution.

FRANK VAN VLECK, M.E., 63 Eddy St. Assistant to the Director of Sibley College, and Instructor in charge of the Mechanical Laboratory. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 23

ERNEST WILSON HUFFCUT, B.S., 112 E. State St. Instructor in Rhetoric and Composition.

CHARLES SMITH PROSSER, M.S., 67 N. Aurora St. Instructor in Paleontology.

FRANK HEYWOOD HODDER, Ph.M., Professor Oliver's Instructor in History.

JAMES OWEN GRIFFIN, 229 E. State St. Instructor in German.

BOLTON COIT BROWN, B.P., 173 Cascadilla Instructor in Industrial Art and Drawing.

ARTHUR SAFFORD HATHAWAY, B.S., 169 E. State St. Instructor in Mathematics.

EDWARD CHARLES MURPHY, B.C.E., M.S., 156 N. Aurora St. Examiner in Mathematics.

ANDREW CURTIS WHITE, Ph.D., 60 E. Mill St. Instructor in Latin.

CHARLES DAVID WHITE, B.G.n. House Instructor in Drawing.

OTHER OFFICERS.

WESLEY NEWCOMB, M.D., 26 E. Seneca St. Curator of the Newcomb Collection of Shells.

GEORGE W. TAILBY. University Grounds Foreman of the Farm.

RUFUS ANDERSON, M.E., Forest Home Foreman of the Machine Shop.

WILLIAM OGDEN KERR, 10 I Cascadilla Meteorological Observer.

FRED CLARKSON FOWLER, 75 W. Mill St. Special Mechanical Assistant.

HARRY FALKENAU, White Hall Master of the Chime. 24 OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 24

SPECIAL FACULTIES.

The President of the University is ex officio Chairman of each of the special (ac- uities. In the absence of the President, the Professor whose name is printed first on the list of its members, is the acting Chairman.

ARTS—Professor FLAQG, Professors ANTHONY, HALE, OLIVER, SHACKFORD, and WILSON.

LITERATURE — Professor SHACKFORD, Professors CORSON, CRANE, HALE, HEWETT, WAIT, WHITE, WILDER, and WILSON.

PHILOSOPHY—Professor WILSON, Professors ANTHONY, COM- STOCK, CRANE, OLIVER, PRENTISS, SCHAEFFER, WHITE, H. S. WILLIAMS, S. G. WILLIAMS, and WILDER.

SCIENCE—Professor ANTHONY, Professors COMSTOCK, CRANE, HEWETT, PRENTISS, SCHAEFFER, WAIT, H. S. WILLIAMS, S. G. WILLIAMS, WILDER, and WILSON.

AGRICULTURE—Professor ROBERTS, Professors CALDWELL, COMSTOCK, LAW, PRENTISS, and S. G. WILLIAMS.

ARCHITECTURE—Professor BABCOCK, Professors FUERTES, OLIVER, CLEAVES, and OSBORNE.

CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS—Professor SCHAEFFER, Profes- sors ANTHONY, CALDWELL, MOLER, and NEWBURY. CIVIL ENGINEERING—Professor FUERTES, Professors AN- THONY, THURSTON, BABCOCK, OLIVER, SCHAEFFER, CHURCH, CRANDALL, and MARX.

MATHEMATICS—Professor OLIVER, Professors ANTHONY, BAB- COCK,'FUERTES, MORRIS, THURSTON, WAIT, and JONES. THE SIBLEY COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER- • ING AND THE MECHANIC ARTS—Professor THURS- TON, Professors ANTHONY, BABCOCK, FUERTES, MORRIS, SCHAEFFER, WAIT, CLEAVES, and BAILEY.

NATURAL HISTORY—Professor PRENTISS, Professors COM- STOCK, LAW, WILDER, H. S. WILLIAMS, S. G. WILLIAMS, WILSON, DUDLEY, and GAGE.

HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE—Professor TYLER, Professors CRANE, HALE, TUTTLE, WHITE. WILSON, and H. C. ADAMS. OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 25

THE UNIVERSITY COUNCILS.

LIBRARY COUNCIL. • The PRESIDENT of the University and the ACTING LIBRARIAN, ex officiis; Hon. H. B. LORD, of the Trustees, and of the Faculty, Professors GAGE, HALE, SHACKFORD, and THURS- TON.

THE LIBRARY SERVICE.—Acting Librarian: GEORGE WILLIAM HARRIS, Ph.B. Cataloguers: EDWIN HAMLIN WOODRUFF, ELLEN COIT BROWN, GERTRUDE FRANCES VAN DUSEN. Assistants: PHILIP PRICE BARTON, EDWARD TYLER.

COUNCIL OF THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

The PRESIDENT of the University, ex officio ; WILLIAM R. HUM- PHREY, Esq., of the Board of Trustees; Professors COM- STOCK, LAW, PRENTISS, WILDER, S. G. WILLIAMS, H. S. • WILLIAMS, WILSON, DUDLEY, and GAGE, of the Faculty.

GYMNASIUM COUNCIL.

The PRESIDENT, ex officio; GEORGE R. WILLIAMS, Esq., of the Trustees; the Professor of Physical Culture, Professor HITCHCOCK; of Military Science, Professor SCHUYLER; of Physiology, Professor WILDER, ex officiis. 26 OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 26

UNIVERSITY PREACHERS, 1885-6.

(On the Dean-Sage Foundation.)

FALL TERM.

Sept. 27—The Rev. LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D., of New York City.

Oct. 4—The Rev. Professor MOSES COIT TYLER, LL.D., L.H.D., of Ithaca, N. Y.

Oct. 11—The Rev. EDWARD EVERETT HALE, D.D., of Boston, Mass. Oct. 18—The Rev. HUGH REGINALD HAWEIS, D.D., of London, Eng.

Oct. 25—The Rev. S. S. MITCHELL, D.D., of Buffalo, N. Y.

Nov. 1—The Rev. C. N. SIMS, D.D., LL.D., of Syracuse, N. Y.

Uov. 8—The Rt. Rev. ALEXANDER C. GARRETT, D.D., LL.D., of Dallas, Tex.

MV. 15—The Rev. D. C. EDDY, D.D., of Brooklyn, N. Y.

Nov. 22 -The Rev. WASHINGTON GLADDEN, D.D., of Columbus, 0.

SPRING TERM.

Apr. 11—The Rt. Rev. FREDERIC D. HUNTINGTON, D.D., S.T.D., of Syracuse, N. Y.

Apr. 18—The Rev. J. M. BUCKLEY, D.D., of New York City.

Apr. 25—President E. G. ROBINSON, D.D., LL.D., of Brown University.

May 2—The Rev. JAMES 0. MURRAY, D.D., of Princeton, N. J.

May 9—The Rt. Rev. EDWARD G. ANDREWS, D.D., of Washing-

ton, D. C.

May 16—The Rt. Rev. SAMUEL S. HARRIS, D.D., LL.D., of De- troit, Mich.

May 23—The Rev. T. T. MUNGER, D.D., of New Haven, Conn.

May 30—The Rev. ROBERT COLLYER, of New York City.

June 6—The Rev. GEORGE D. BOARDMAN, D.D., of Philadelphia, Pa. June 13—Baccalaureate Address, by the President of the Uni- versity. MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY.

BUILDINGS.

MORRILL HALL AND WHITE HALL.—These two edifices, archi- tecturally alike, are each one hundred and sixty-five feet by fifty, four stories in height, of blue Ithaca stone, with light Medina dressings. Each building is divided by three halls, run- ning from front to rear. The centre halls contain the larger lecture-rooms, and the other halls the smaller lecture and recitation-rooms. In MORRILL HALL are the offices of the President, the Treasurer, and the Registrar of the University, the faculty- room, architectural rooms, and agricultural museum. In WHITE HALL are the rooms of the literary societies and the University Christian Association. Both buildings contain a few suites of rooms which are let to students. THE MCGRAW BUILDING.—This building, the gift of the late Mr. John McGraw, of Ithaca, is constructed, like the edifices around it, of dark blue stone, quarried on the University grounds, but with dressings and cornices of Onondaga gray limestone. In its architecture it corresponds with the other buildings. Its length is two hundred feet and its depth sixty, while its tower rises to a height of over one hundred and twenty. It consists of a main edifice and two wings. The main or central portion of the building comprises one hall one hundred feet long, fifty- aix wide, and nineteen in height; and another above it of the same length and breadth, but nearly forty feet high, and containing three galleries, with an average height of twelve feet. In this part of the McGraw building are alcoves and galleries for the Library on the lower floor; and in the galleries on the second floor are many of the museums of the University. In the north wing is the anatomical lecture-room, with ascending seats. Be- neath this is the seminary room, and the basement is occupied 27 28 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. by the histological laboratory. In the south wing are the geological lecture-room and paleontological laboratory, and immediately over them the geological laboratory. In the campanile, in the centre of the front of the McGraw building—a massive stone tower twenty-two feet square—are placed the great bell of the University, the nine smaller bells of the McGraw chime, and the great University clock. The interior of the McGraw building is solidly finished with native woods. Its different parts are separated by walls of brick and doors of iron, rendering them completely fire-proof. The exterior is wholly of stone and iron. The library hall contains shelving for eighty thousand volume*. The galleries of the museum hall are fifteen feet deep, with a total length of six hundred feet. THE CIVIL ENGINEERING BUILDING is a large, three-storied structure containing twenty-one rooms, with a joint floor surface of about eighteen thousand square feet. The western faijade of the main building is one hundred and twenty feet long; the northern and southern wings are each one hundred and five feet. The building contains laboratories, museums, and class-rooms. The museums and laboratories are described elsewhere (pp. 33, 39). Room 1 contains the working library of the department, some twelve hundred modern works on civil engineering, classified for ready reference. There are a reading and seminary room for students, two large lecture-rooms, one fifty-two feet long by forty- five feet wide; two large draughting-rooms, fitted with one hundred and fifteen improved iron desks and well lighted by day and by night; a room for meteorological observations, nearly all the instruments in which are self-registering, and several smaller lecture-rooms, store-rooms, etc. A temporary astronomical observatory has been erected directly east of the main building, in which are mounted, on brick piers,, an astronomical transit by Troughton and Simms, provided with two collimators; a sidereal clock, a four-and-a-half inch equatorial, by Clark, and an altazimuth reading to seconds by levels and micrometers. THE SIBLEY COLLEGE.—The buildings of Sibley College were all erected and presented to the University by the Hon. Hiram Sibley, of Rochester, N. Y., who also gave the machinery and collections with which they are supplied. The main building is of Ithaca stone trimmed with a fine white sandstone, and very similar in its architecture to the other buildings of the Univer- 29 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT.

«ity. It is one hundred and sixty feet long, forty feet in width, and three stories in height. The workshops are at the sides of a quadrangle of which the fourth side is formed by the college building proper; they are of brick and one story in height. The main building contains on the first floor two large museums, which are fully described elsewhere (p. 34), a large and well-lighted lecture-room, and the rooms of the professor of practical mechanics. On the second floor are the lecture-room of the professor of mechanical engineering and the director, with its collections of illustrative materials, the drawing-rooms of the upper classes, and the private rooms of the director and professor of mechanical engineering and of the instructor in marine engineering. The third floor is filled with drawing- rooms for the younger classes in freehand drawing and decorative art, and the private roomsof the professor of drawing and his assistants. The workshops consist of a machine shop, a foundry, a blacksmith shop, and a wood-working shop, and include rooms devoted to the storage of tools, to emery grinding, etc. These shops are from forty to sixty feet in length, about forty feet in width, and are lofty and well lighted. The tools and machinery are described • fully under the head of Sibley College Collections. At the bot- tom of Fall Creek gorge is the house protecting the turbine which supplies the power demanded for ordinary occasions in driving the machinery of the college, and the electric apparatus for lighting the campus and the buildings. This is a plain building of wood, three stories in height, and having floor space sufficient to accommodate classes in the study of hydraulics.

THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL BUILDING. —This building, situated on the north side of the quadrangle, was opened for occupancy in September, 1883. It is of red sandstone, about one hundred and forty feet in length, with a width of fifty and seventy feet, and is three stories in height above a well-lighted basement. The building is ornamented with casts and medallions of distinguished scientists. The rooms of the physical department occupy the first floor and three-fourths of the basement. The remainder of the basement is taken up by the assaying rooms. The second and third floors are occupied by the chemical department. The building contains, in addition to the amply-equipped laboratories, two large lecture-rooms, one for chemistry and one for physics, seating about one hundred and seventy students each. 30 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT.

THE SAGE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN.—This building is the gift of the Honorable Henry W. Sage. It is a home or dormitory for students, not a separate department or school. It is quadrangu- lar in form, one hundred and sixty-eight feet front, forty-one feet deep and four stories in height. The north wing is eighty- five feet long, and the south wing one hundred and twelve. The building is of brick with stone trimmings. THe gymnasium nearly connects the wings in the rear. The rooms for the students are eighteen feet by fourteen, with a low board partition dividing off one part for a sleeping-room. The college will accommodate about one hundred students. Besides the dormi- tories, dining-hall and parlors, it contains lecture and recitation- rooms, a museum, laboratories, with very complete equipments,, for students in botany, with green-houses, forcing-houses, and other necessary facilities for the pursuit of floriculture and ornamental gardening. THE SAGE CHAPEL.—This chapel, the gift of the Hon. Henry W. Sage, and situated about midway between Morrill Hall and Sage College, is constructed of brick with elaborately carved "stone trimmings, and is of the Gothic order of architecture. The auditorium, with a seating capacity of about five hundred persons, shows a high vaulted ceiling interlaced with heavy beams. One of the most noteworthy features of the room is the number of memorial windows and memorial tablets. Opening into the auditorium is a smaller chapel so arranged as to be used in connection with it. On the opposite or north side is THE MEMORIAL CHAPEL, constructed in the Gothic style of the second or decorative period. It was erected, as a tablet in its northern end bears witness, to the memory of Ezra Cornell,. John McGraw, and Jennie McGraw-Fiske, and was completed in 1884. Though the exterior is of brick with stone trimmingSy the interior, which is finished in pure Gothic, is of Caen stone supported in vaulted arches by ribs of Ohio sandstone. On entering the chapel the eye is at once arrested by the rich memorial windows constructed by Clayton & Bell of London. They are designed not only to commemorate the connection of Mr. Cornell, Mr. McGraw, and Mrs. Jennie McGraw-Fiske with this University, but to associate their names with the names of some of the greatest benefactors in the cause of education. The north window contains the figures of William of Wykeham John Harvard, and Ezra Cornell; the east window the figures 31 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. of Jeanne of Navarre, Margaret of Richmond and Jennie Mc- Graw-Fiske; the west window those of Elihu Yale, Sir Thomas Bodley, and John McGraw. Directly beneath the great northern window is a recumbent figure of Ezra Cornell, in white marble, of heroic size, by William W. Story, of Rome. A crypt underneath the chapel contains recesses for the remains of the founders of the University. THE GYMNASIUM AND ARMORY is situated at the extreme southern side of the campus. The building was completed in the winter of 1883-84. The main portion is of brick, one hundred and fifty feet long, sixty feet wide and fifty feet high. The Annex, joining the main hall on the south, is a two-storied wooden building, having an area of fifty-two by thirty-eight feet. The main building, with the exception of a small portion that is set apart for an office and military store-room, is used for gymnastics and military drill. Here are to be found the arms and equipments of the cadet corps, and a carefully selected lot of the most improved gymnastic apparatus and appliances for both individual and class work. The hall is heated by steam and lighted by electricity, and, it is believed, gives the largest clear space for floor room of any gymnasium in the country. The Annex contains on the lower floor the offices of the Depart- ment of Physical Culture, faculty dressing-room, general bath and dressing-rooms, lavatory, closets and general repair room. The upper floor is entirely given up to a dressing-room, which contains locker accommodations for five hundred students. The steam heating apparatus is all contained in a brick building removed some fifty feet from the other buildings.

CASCADILLA PLACE, situated on the south bank of Cascadilia gorge, is built of blue stone, is one hundred and ninety-five feet by one hundred feet wide, four stories high and contains about two hundred rooms. It was finished in 18G8. University exercises are no longer held there, the rooms being rented to professors and students as living apartments.

MUSEUMS.

The AGRICULTURAL MUSEUM occupies a large room on the first floor of Morrill Hall. It contains (1) THE RAU MODELS, being one hundred and eighty-seven models of plows made at the Royal Agricultural College of Wiirtemberg, under the direction of Professor Rau, and arranged and classified by him for the Paris- 32 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT.

Exposition of 1867; (2) Engravings and photographs of culti- vated plants and animals obtained at the various agricultural colleges of Europe; (3) THE AUZOUX VETERINARY MODELS, being the entire series used at the government veterinary colleges of France and Russia; (4) A collection of the CEREALS OF GREAT BRITAIN, being a duplicate of that in the Royal Museum of Sci- ence and Art at Edinburgh, presented by the British Govern- ment; (5) A collection of agricultural seeds; (6) A large number of models representing a great variety of agricultural im- plements. The class-room has been provided with a special set of diagrams and other appliances designed to illustrate the subjects of the lectures on agriculture. THE MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY consists of about four thousand specimens. Of these about fifteen hundred illustrate primitive society in South America and the Pacific Islands, and were collected chiefly by Profs. Hartt, Barnard, Derby, Steere and Ward. There are a few hundred antiquities from Great Britain, Den- mark, France, Switzerland and Egypt. The most valuable object in the Egyptian collection is a mummy of the XXIII dy- nasty, taken in 1883 from the necropolis at Thebes, and presented to the University by the Honorable G. P. Pomeroy, Ameri- can Consul at Cairo. The remainder of the museum is composed of relics of the Indians and Mound-Builders of North America.

THE ARCHITECTURAL COLLECTION contains over two thousand photographic prints, the most of which are of large size; several hundred drawings; and about two hundred models in stone and wood. These are all designed to illustrate the constructive forms and peculiarities of the different styles of architecture. These, as well as the White Architectural Library, containing over one thousand volumes, are all freely accessible to the student of architecture. THE BOTANICAL MUSEUM.—The means of illustrating the instruction in botany include the herbarium, estimated to contain fifteen thousand species; two series of models, the Auzoux and the Brendel; the full set of wall maps of Achille Comte, and the botanical charts of Professor Henslow ; a lime lantern with five hundred views, illustrating different departments of botany ; twenty compound and dissecting microscopes; a collection of fruits, barks, cones, nuts, seeds, fibers, and various dry and alcoholic specimens; a general collection of economic vegetable products, and above a thousand specimens of the woods of different 33 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. countries. Besides these, the large conservatories and gardens, and an uncommonly rich native flora afford abundant material for illustration and laboratory work. THE CHEMICAL MUSEUM is located in a large room in the eastern end of the Chemical and Physical building, and contains the Silliman collection of minerals, and the collection of applied chemistry. The former comprises about 3,500 specimens, many of them of extreme rarity. The latter consists of materials and products illustrating many of the applications of chemistry to the arts and manufactures, such as the manufacture of soap, sul- phuric acid, soda ash, alum, white lead, gunpowder, pottery, porcelain, glass, cement, dyes, pigments, oils, the refining of petro- leum, etc., etc. THE MUSEUM OF CONCHOLOGY is included in the general museum in the McGraw building. The museum contains the New- comb collection of shells, which embraces more than eighty thousand examples of more than twenty thousand varieties, representing at least fifteen thousand species. The collection is sys- tematically classified and exhibited with special reference to making it available for study. As many of the specimens are of great rarity and not a few unique, the collection offers rare facilities for the systematic study of conchology. THE SPECIAL MUSEUMS OF THE CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT contain the following collections, which receive regular additions from a yearly appropriation, which is becoming more and more liberal as the large resources of the University become available: 1. The MURET collection of models in descriptive geometry and stone-cutting. 2. The DE LAGRAVE general and special models in topography, geognosy and engineering. 3. The SCHROEDER models in descriptive geometry and stereotomy, with over fifty brass and silk models made in this department after the OLIVIER models. 4. The GRUND collections of bridge and track details, roofs, trusses, and masonry, supplemented by similar models by Schioeder and other makers. 5. A modern railroad bridge of one hundred feet span, the scale being one- fourth of the natural size. 6. The DIGEON collection of working models in hydraulic engineering. 7. Working models of water wheels. 8. Several large collections of European and American photographs of engineering works during the process of construction, and many other photographs, blue prints, models and diagrams. 9. A COMPLETE COLLECTION of instruments of preci- 34 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT. sion, such as a Trough ton and Simms astronomical transit; an universal instrument, by the same makers, reading to single seconds; sextants, astronomical clocks, chronographs, a Negus chronometer, two equatorials, the larger having an objective by Alvan Clark, four and a half inches in diameter, and other instruments, like pier collimators, etc., necessary to the complete equipment of a training observatory. 10. A GEODESIC COLLEC- TION consisting of a secondary base line apparatus made under the direction of the Coast Survey, and ail the portable, astronomical and field instruments needed for extensive triangula- tions, including sounding-machines, tachometers, deep-water thermometers, heliotropes, etc. 11. Among the coarser field instruments there is nearly every variety of engineer's transits, theodolites, levels, compasses, omnimeters and tacheometers, with a large number of special instruments, such as planimeters, pantographs, elliptographs, arithmometers, computing machines, altazimuths, sextants, hypsometers, and meteorological instruments of all descriptions.

THE MUSEUM OF ENTOMOLOGY AND GENERAL INVERTEBRATE ZO- OLOGY.—The entomological cabinet contains, in addition to many exotic insects, specimens of a large proportion of the more common species of the northeastern United States. These specimens are arranged in two collections—one biological, containing specimens illustrative of the metamorphoses and habits of insects; the other systematic, in which the species are arranged so as to show their zoological affinities. The general collection of inver- tebrates comprises a small but well-selected series of forms representing all of the larger groups. In this collection there is a nearly complete set of the duplicates distributed by the U. S. National Museum, many specimens collected on the coast of Brazil by the late Professor C. F. Hartt, and specimens from Florida and the West Indies, collected by Dr. Wesley Newcomb. The collection includes, moreover, asetof the Auzoux models and of the glass models made by Blaschka.

THE MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS OF THE SIBLEY COLLEGE OF ME- CHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANIC ARTS are of exceptional extent, value, and interest. The two principal rooms on the first floor of the main building are devoted to the purposes of a museum of illustrative apparatus, machinery, products of the manufacturing industries, and collections exhibiting processes and methods of manufacture, new inventions, the growth of standard 35 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. form* of motor*, and other collections of value in the courses of technical instruction given in the college. In the west museum are placed the Reuleaux collection of models of kinematic device* and movements, which is, so far as known, the only complete collection on this continent, and is one of the very few in the world. Beside these are the Schroeder models, exhibiting the forms and proportions of parts of machinery, the construction of steam#engines and other machines, and methods of making con- nections. In the east museum are placed a large number of samples of machines constructed by the best makers, to illustrate their special forms and methods of manufacture. Among these are several beautifully finished samples of steam pumps, "sec- tioned " to exhibit their internal construction and arrangement, steam-boiler injectors similarly divided, governors for steam engines, water-wheels, and other motors, devices for lubrication, shafting, and pulleys, couplings, and other apparatus for the transmission of power, both by shafting and by wire-rope transmission. The lecture-rooms of the Sibley College, each being devoted to a specified line of instruction and list of subjects, are each supplied with a collection of materials, of drawings, and of models and machines, especially adapted to the wants of the lecturer in each subject. Thus, the lecture-room of the instructor in " Materials of Engineering M contains a fine collection of samples of all the metals in common use in the arts, with samples of ores and of special intermediate products, exhibiting the processes of reduction and manufacture. Among these are specimens of the whole range of copper-tin and copper-zinc alloys, and of the u kalchoids " produced by their mixture, such as were the subjects of investigations made by the Committee on Alloys of the U. S Board appointed by President Grant by authority of Congress, in the year 1875. The collection is supplemented by other alloys later produced by the Director, and is one which has no known superior, and is perhaps unequaled. The course in machine design is supplied with samples of the standard forms and proportions of parts of machinery. The course of instruction in mechanical engineering is illustrated by a fine collection of steam engines of various well-known types, gas and vapor engines, water-wheels, and other motors, models and drawings of every standard or historical form of prime mover, of parts of machines, and of completed machinery. The collections of machinery are fully described in that part of this volume which 36 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT. specially treats of the Sibley College, and to which reference may be made for this and other matter of technical detail. THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY comprises the following collections : 1. THE JEWETT COLLECTION, accumulated by the late Col Jewett when curator of the State Cabinet of Natural History. This collection is especially rich in New York fossils, containing many of the original specimens described in the State reports, and not a few unique specimens. 2. A fair representation of the rich faunas of the cretaceous and tertiary formations along the eastern and southern parts of the Union, and a large number of characteristic English and European fossils. 3. A fine series of English mesozoic fossils; of tertiary fossils from Santo Do- mingo ; of pre-glacial fossils from Sweden; and numerous smaller collections from various typical localities in our own country. 4. The Ward series of casts. 5. The unique collections from Brazil, made by Prof. Hartt and party on the Morgan expedition, containing the original specimens; and a great number of duplicates. Numerous additions have been made during the past year, making the museum more complete in ichthyosauri and other vertebrate remains, in Trenton trilobites, and in the fauna of the Upper Devonian.

THE MUSEUM OF VETERINARY SCIENCE embraces the following collections: 1. The Auzoux veterinary models, comprising plas- tic models of the horse, showing the relative position of over three thousand anatomical parts; models of limbs, sound, and with detachable pieces, and their morbid counterparts, illustrating changes in diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, etc.; a set of obstetrical models, showing the virgin and gravid uterus in different animals, and the peculiarities of the female pelvis and its joints; models of the gastric cavities of domestic animals; an extensive set of models of jaws, showing the indications of age as well as vicious habits and diseases; models of equine teeth in sections, showing structure and the changes effected by wear. 2. Skeletons of the domestic animals, articulated and unarticu- lated. 3. A collection of diseased bones, illustrating the various constitutional diseases which impair the nutrition of these structures, together with the changes caused by accidental injuries and purely local disease. 4. Skulls of domestic animals, prepared to illustrate the surgical operations demanded in the different genera. 5. Jaws of farm animals, illustrating the growth and wear of the teeth, age, dentinal tumors, caries, etc. 6. A collec- 37 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. tion of specimens of teratology, consisting of monstrous foals, calves, and pigs. 7. A collection of tumors and morbid growths removed from the different domestic animals. 8. Some hun- dreds of specimens of parasites from domestic animals. 9. A collection of calculi from the digestive and urinary organs, etc., of farm animals. 10. Foreign bodies taken from various parts of the animal economy. 11. A collection of surgical instruments used in veterinary practice. 12. A collection of medicinal agents. 13. In addition, a large number of diagrams, the property of Professor Law, available in illustration of different points in anatomy, physiology, and pathology. THE MUSEUM OF GENERAL ZOOLOGY.—The vertebrate collections are as follows: About thirty-five hundred examples of about twenty-four hundred species of entire animals in alcohol Nearly half of the specimens are fishes collected in Brazil by the late Prof. C. F. Hartt; the remainder include series of named fishes from the Smithsonian Institution and the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, representatives of the general North Ameri- can fauna, and of the local fauna, and rare forms from various parts of the world. Among the last are the following: Chim- panzee, orang; dingo, pangolin, sloth, ant-eater, armadillo, ornith- orhynchus, echidna, jacana, sphenodon, monitor, heloderma, crocodile, alligator, draco, axolotl, proteus, megalobatrachus, siren, amphiuma, pipa, ceratodus, protopterus, flying-fish, polypterus, calamoichthys, thalassophryne, chimeera, cestracion, myx- ine, bdellostorna, and branchiostoma. About twenty-eight hundred anatomical preparations, including mounted skeletons of man. gorilla, lion, panther, camel, porpoise, sloth, kangaroo, os- trich, apteryx, alligator, draco, frog, cryptobranchus, necturus, caecilia, and amia; more than six hundred preparations of the brain; large series of dissections of the lamprey, necturus and cat; embryos or young of man, ape, leopard, opossum, kangaroo, manatee, dugong, peccary, lama, sea-lion, bat, alligator, necturus, amia, lepidosteus, shark, skate, and domesticated animals. About nine hundred microscopical preparations, chiefly from the cat, frog, and necturus. More than eleven hundred mounted skins, including orang, tiger, otter, moose, tragulus, camel, beaver, hyrax, centetes, galeopithecus, armadillo, porpoise, koala, wombat, kangaroo, echidna, ornithorynchus, emeu, apteryx, boat-bill, penguin, gavial, crocodile, rattlesnake, heloderma, megalobatrachus, ceratodus, cestracion, saw-fish, gar- 38 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT. pike, polypterus, etc. Besides the papier-m&ch£ models by Au- zoux mentioned above there are several Bock-Stager models in plaster, a Buechi model of the brain, and wax models by Weis- ker as follows: the brain cavities, the pelvis, the diaphragm, the development of the frog, trout and branchiostoma. In the arrangement of the collections reference has been had to the ex- emplifiation of zoological and morphological ideas, such as the unity of general structure under diversity of form and mode of life in the branch and within each class, the resemblances between members of different classes, the existence of apparently useless organs, etc. Among special series are placed together the vertebrates inhabiting the neighborhood, all venomous forms, etc.

LABORATORIES.

THE ANATOMICAL LABORATORY is in the second story of the McGraw building, adjoining the museum and lecture-room. In the laboratory are all of the alcoholic collections. Among these are specimens and dissections of the fishes of Cayuga Lake; a series of embryos, especially of mammals; a series of brains of all classes of vertebrates; Brazilian fishes, reptiles and mammals. A large lot of amphioxus has been received from Italy, and each student will be enabled to dissect one or more specimens of this, the lowest known vertebrate animal. THE BOTANICAL LABORATORY is located on the first and second floors of the south wing of Sage College, adjoining the botanical lecture-rooms. The laboratory is very completely supplied with microscopes and all apparatus necessary for investigations in this branch of science. Connected with the laboratory are the green-houses which at ail seasons of the year furnish ample material for illustration and for laboratory use. THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY occupies ample rooms in the chemical and physical building. In the basement is the assay laboratory, consisting of furnace-room and a mixing and weighing- room. The former contains six .crucible furnaces, one large and two small cupel furnaces, one Fletcher gas cupel furnace, anvil, steel rolls and the tools used in the various operations of assaying. The latter is provided with desks for students and the necessary balances. On the second floor adjoining the chemical lecture-room is the laboratory for blowpiping and mineralogy, which is equipped with tables covered with 39 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. porcelain tiles, and will accommodate forty-three students. In the same room is a working collection of minerals comprising all of the more common species. In the third story, occupied by the department of agricultural and analytical chemistry, are two large student laboratories; one of these, for beginners in chemical practice, can accommodate one hundred students; a shaft from the ventilating-fan in the basement conveys a supply of fresh air to the room; the fume and hydrogen sulphide closets are ventilated by means of special flues heated by gas- burners. The laboratory for quantitative chemical work has places for seventy students; each place is supplied with reser- voir and distilled w ater, gas, and suction for filtration produced by the air pump in the basement. Tables for distillation, com- bustion, etc., at each end of the room are supplied with gas and water, and with suction, blast, oxygen and hydrogen from the works in the basement. Steam evaporating and drying closets, and fume closets are easily accessible from all parts of the room. There are, besides the rooms already described, weighing and reading-rooms, the private laboratories of the professors, and a number of rooms for special experiments. THE GENERAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY occupies room No. 3 in the engineering building. The laboratory is furnished with machines for tests of materials in tension, compression, flexure and torsion. It also contains a seconds pendulum, chron- ograph, models referring to the theory of the arch, thermome- ter tester, sections of beams and columns, tools, etc., and a small turbine, wrhich furnishes power for the experiments of the laboratory. Room No. 4, in the same building, is the hydraulic laboratory, to which water is supplied, either from a large tank on the floor above, or directly from the mains of the University water-works. This laboratory contains various hydraulic machines, all kinds of mouth-pieces, long and short tubes, pipes of various lengths and diameters, bends, valves, accumulators, equalizers, manometers, etc. Its facilities for contributing to the efficiency of teaching hydraulics and for original research are constantly increasing. The first floor of this laboratory contains a setting tank and sifting machine used in connection with the tests on the strength of hydraulic mortars and cements, which are being conducted here in a systematic and thorough manner by the Fellows of this department. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY occupies the entire second 40 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT. floor of the north division of White Hall. The laboratory is equipped with a set of Auzoux models, microscopes, breeding cages, and other apparatus necessary for practical work in entomology. THE GEOLOGICAL LABORATORY occupies the entire second floor of the south wing of the McGraw building, and is well furnished with the appliances needful for successful study. Among other things, it has numerous maps, wall tablets, engravings of geological objects, and magic-lantern slides. Large and important additions have also been made during the past year to the litho- logical and stratigraphical collections. THE HISTOLOGICAL LABORATORY occupies the basement of the north wing of the McGraw building. It is fully equipped with microscopes, microtomes, section cutters, apparatus for harden- ing tissues, staining materials, and in general with the means of pursuing investigations in histology after the most advanced modern methods. A standard collection of microscopical preparations, and a large number of the best works of reference are at all times available to the student. THE MECHANICAL LABORATORY, which is the department of demonstration and experimental research of Sibley College, and in which not only instruction but investigation is conducted, is located in one of the wings of Sibley College, in a room sixty feet by forty, of good height, well lighted on all sides, and carefully fitted up for the purpose for which it is designed. It is supplied with the apparatus of experimental work in the determination of the power and efficiency of the several motors, including steam engines and the turbine driving the machinery of the establishment, with boiler-testing plant and instruments, and with a number of testing machines for lubricants and for metals, such as will be found described elsewhere. Among these is the u autographic testing machine,n which produces an autographic record of the results of the test of any metal which may be placed within its jaws, securing exact measures of the strength, the ductility, the elasticity, the resilience or shock-resisting power, the elastic limit, etc., of the material. The several kinds of dynamometers, lubricant-testing machines, and other apparatus and instruments of precision employed by the engineer in such researches as he is called upon, in the course of his professional work, to make, are all collected here. THE PALEONTOLOGICAL LABORATORY occupies ample quarters in 41 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT. the south wing of the McGraw building. The laboratory is equipped with charts, diagrams, classified collections and other facilities for paleontological study. THE PHYSICAL LABORATORY.—The rooms of the physical department occupy the first floor and three-fourths of the basement of the chemical and physical building. Piers are provided in several of the rooms for apparatus requiring immovable support, and some of the basement rooms have solid floors of cement, upon any part of which galvanometers, etc., may be used. The lecture-room on the first floor has fixed seats for one hundred and fifty-four students. The arrangements for experimental demonstrations are most complete. Gas, water, steam, oxygen, hydrogen, compressed air, blast, and vacuum cocks are within easy reach of the lecturer, and dynamo and battery currents are always at hand, and under complete control from the lecture-table. A masonry pier, four by twelve feet, permits the use in the lecture-room of apparatus that could otherwise only be used in the laboratory. A small turbine on the lecture-table furnishes power for a variety of experiments. Lanterns with the lime or electric light are always in readiness for use when their use can in any way aid a demonstration. Adjacent to the lecture-room are the apparatus rooms, serving also, in part, as laboratories. On the same floor are other laboratory rooms, among which may be mentioned one for photometry, without windows, and painted black throughout. The equipment of the physical department comprises many fine instruments of precision. The standard clock, having Pro- fessor Young's gravity escapement, is placed in a room provided with double walls, and actuates two chronographs by which the time observations of the laboratory are recorded. A very per- fect automatic dividing engine, a large comparator, a standard yard and metre, an electro-calorimeter of a platinum wire resistance in a hard rubber tank, a spectrometer reading to seconds, sets of resistance coils, and galvanometers of various forms, are among the instruments. For magnetic and other measurements by the magnetic needle, a special building free from iron has been erected. In this are placed the magnetometers and the instruments for the accurate measurement of currents and potentials. Of the latter is the large tangent galvanometer, const ructed at the University, with coils respectively one and six-tenths and two metres in diameter, and giving deflections to ten seconds. 42 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT.

Several dynamos of different styles and capacities, ranging from one thousand to ten thousand watts, and a special engine for driving them, having a governor adjusted to control the speed with extreme precision, are included in the equipment. A very valuable adjunct is a well-equipped workshop connected with the department, where a skilled mechanic is constantly employed in making apparatus. Some of the most valuable instruments in tlxe collection have been so made.

THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. The Library contains about fifty-five thousand five hundred volumes, besides sixteen thousand pamphlets. It is made up largely of the following collections, increased by annual additions of from three thousand to five thousand volumes: a selection-of about five thousand volumes purchased in Europe in 1868, em- bracing works illustrative of agriculture, the mechanic arts, chemistry, engineering, the natural sciences, physiology, and veterinary surgery; THE ANTHON LIBRARY, of nearly seven thousand volumes, consisting of the collection made by the late Professor Charles Anthon, of Columbia College, in the ancient classical languages and literatures, besides works in history and general literature; THE BOPP LIBRARY, of about twenty-five hundred volumes, being the collection of the late Professor Franz Bopp, of the University of Berlin, relating to the oriental languages and literatures, and comparative philology; THE GOLDWIN SMITH LI- BRARY, of thirty-five hundred volumes, presented to the Univer- sity in 1869 by Professor Goldwin Smith, comprising chiefly historical works, and editions of the English and ancient classics —increased during later years by the continued liberality of the donor; the publications of the Patent Office of Great Britain, about three thousand volumes, of great importance to the student4 in technology and to scientific investigators; THE WHIT£ ARCHI- TECTURAL LIBRARY, a collection of over a thousand volumes relating to architecture and kindred branches of science, given by President White; THE KELLY MATHEMATICAL LIBRARY, comprising eighteen hundred volumes and seven hundred tracts, presented by the late Hon. William Kelly, of Rhinebeck; THE COR- . NELL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY, bought by the Hon. Ezra Cornell, chiefly in 1868; THE SPARKS LIBRARY, being the library of Jared Sparks, the late president of Harvard University, consisting of upwards of five thousand volumes and four thousand pamphlets, 43 MA TERIAL EQUIPMENT.

relating chiefly to the history of America; THE MAT COLLEC- TION, relating to the history of slavery and anti-slavery, the nucleus of which was formed by the gift of the library of the late Rev. Samuel J. May, of Syracuse; THE SCHUYLER COLLEC- TION of Folklore, Russian history and literature, presented by the Hon. Eugene Schuyler in 1884. The Library is a circulating one so far as the members of the Faculty are concerned, and a library of reference for students. Undergraduates have free access to a collection of cyclopaedias, dictionaries, and works of reference in the various departments of study, but they apply to the librarian for other works desired. Graduate students are admitted to the alcoves. And, upon the recommendation of the professor in any department, students of the senior and junior classes, engaged in special work in that department, will be granted access to the shelves for purposes of consultation. Connected with the Library, and intended for use as a study room by advanced students, is the seminary room, containing one hundred and fifty of the principal historical, literary, and philological periodicals, and about two thousand volumes selected with reference to the needs of students engaged in special work. The Library is managed by a body known as the LIBRARY COUNCIL, which consists of seven members, as follows: The Presi- dent of the University and the acting librarian, ex officiis, one Trustee chosen by the Board, and four professors nominated by the Faculty and confirmed by the Board. The President of the University is ex officio chairman of the council. The elected members hold office one year. By the will of Mrs. Jennie McGraw-Fiske, who died in Octo- ber, 1881, the Library received a specific bequest and was also made residuary legatee. From this source there has been paid to the University up to the present time about $700,000; and the income from this fund, known as the McGraw Library Fund, when it becomes available, will be applied to the support and increase of the Library. THE LIBRARY, a bulletin, is issued at intervals and contains classified lists of recent accessions and of books in various departments, as well as other bibliographical matter intended to assist students in their use of the Library. 44 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT.

THE UNIVERSITY FARM.

The Farm consists of 120 acres of arable land, the larger part of which is used for experimental purposes and the illustration of the principles of agriculture. Nearly all the domestic animals are kept to serve the same ends. Those portions of the farm and stock not used for experiments are managed with a view to their greatest productiveness. Statistics of both experiments and management are kept on such a system as to show at the close of each year the profit or loss not only of the whole farm but of each crop and group of animals. Of the two barns with which the farm is equipped, one is largely devoted to the needs of the Horticultural Department; the other, containing steam-engine, feed-cutter, stationary thresher, and other necessary appliances, furnishes accommodation for the general crops and stock, and for experimental work. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

43 LANGUAGE, PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY, AND POLITICS.

LATIN.

FIR8T TERM. • 1. Livy. Review of the grammar. Written exercises weekly in translation at sight. M., W., F., 11; S., 9. Dr. WHITE. 4. Livy. Translation at hearing. M., W., F., S., 10. Pro- fessor HALE. The purpose of this course, which is open only to students who have given evidence at the entrance examinations of more than average knowledge and ability, is to prepare such students to read ordinary Latin with ease and speed. A methodical study of the structure of the Latin sentence, in connection with grammar, is made in the class-room, and a written exercise in translating at first hearing, with formal questions set for written answers at one point after another in the progress of the sentence, is given weekly, the aim being to lead the student to grasp the thought in the order in which the Roman sentence develops it, with the final result of his gaining power to read continuous pages of Latin of moderate difficulty, and understand, without translating, as he reads. 7. The Agricola and Germania of Tacitus. Roman Antiqui- ties. The writing of Latin. M., W., F., S., 10. Dr. WHITE. Open only to students who have completed course 3 or course 6. 10. Selections from the Republican Literature—Plautus. The History of the Roman stage. Cruttweirs and TeuffVl's Histories of Roman Literature. M., W., F., 9. Professor IIALE. Open only to students who have completed course 9. Course 10 and course 13 are given in alternate years. 46 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

13. The Literature and History of the Early Empire. The Monumentum Ancyranum; Selections from Tacitus, with briefer Selections from Suetonius, Velleius Paterculus, and Valerius Maximus. CruttwelFs and Teuffers Histories of Roman Litera- ture; Capes's Early Empire, and Merivale's History of the Romans. M., W., F., 9. Professor HALE. Open only to students who have completed course 9. Course 13 and course 10 are given in alternate years. 16. Graduate course in Latin moods and tenses: a systematic study of the origin and growth of the constructions of the Latin verb. The critical study of a small portion of some Roman author. Twice a week. Professor HALE.

SECOND TERM. 2. The De Senectute and De Amicitia of Cicero. Translation at sight. The writing of Latin. M., W., F., 11; S., 9. Dr. WHITE. 5. The De Senectute and De Amicitia of Cicero. Translation

at hearing. The writing of Latin. M., W.; F., 10. Dr. WHITE; S., 10. Professor HALE. ' Open only to students who have completed course 4 or course 1 with especial promise. The course is a continuation of course 4, and the methods employed are substantially the same. 8. The Phormio of Terence. The Satires of Horace, Book L The History of Roman Literature text-book and lectures. The writing of Latin. M., W., F., 10. Professor HALE ; S., 10. Dr. WHITE. Open only to students who have completed course 7. 11. Continuation of course 10. The Republican Literature: Lucretius. Cruttweirs and Teuffel's Histories of Roman Litera- ture. M., W., F., 9. Professor HALE. Courses 11 and 14 are given in alternate years. 14. Continuation of course 13. The Literature and History of the Early Empire. Juvenal, with brief selections from Per- sius. Cruttweirs and Teuffers Histories of Roman Literature; Capes's Early Empire, and Merivale's History of the Romans. M., W., F., 9. Professor HALE. Courses 14 and 11 are given in alternate years. 17. Graduate course, in continuation of course 16. Latin Moods and Tenses: A systematic study of the origin and growth of the constructions of the Latin verb. The critical study of a small portion of some Roman author. Twice a week. Professor HALE. 47 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

THIRD TERM. 3. The Odes of Horace. Translation at sight. The writing of Latin. M., W., F., 11; S., 10. Dr. WHITE. Open only to students who have completed course 2. 6. The Odes of Horace. Translation at hearing. The writing of Latin. M., W., F., 10. Dr. WHITE; S., 10. Professor HALE. Open only to students who have completed course 5. 9. The Satires of Horace, Book ii., and the Epistles, Book i. The History of Roman Literature (text-book and lectures). The writing of Latin. M., W, F., 10. Professor HALE; S., 10. Dr. WHITE. Open only to students who have completed course 8. 12. Continuation of courses 10 and 11. The Republican Lit- erature: Catullus. Cruttweirs and TeuffeFs Histories of Roman Literature. M., W., F., 9. Professor HALE. This course and course 15 are given in alternate years. 15. Continuation of courses 13 and 14. The Literature and History of the Early Empire. Pliny, with brief selections from Martial. Cruttwell's and Teuffers Histories of Roman Litera- ture : Capes's Early Rome, and Merivale's History of the Ro-

mans. M., W.t F., 9. Professor HALE. This course and course 12 are given in alternate years. 18. Graduate course, in continuation of courses 16 and 17. Latin moods and tenses: a systematic study of the origin and growth of the constructions of the Latin verb. The critical study of a small portion of some Roman author. Twice a week. Professor HALE.

GREEK.

FIRST TERM. 1. Selections from Xenophon's Oeconomics. Hadley and Al- len's Greek Grammar. Recitations. T., Th., 10. Professor FLAGG. 4. Greek Composition. Anacreontics memorized. S., 11. Professor FLAGG. The instruction in courses 1 and 4 is chiefly disciplinary, and no attempt is made to finish a stated amount of reading. 7. Four orations of Lysias. Demosthenes s Philippics. Reci- tations. T., Th., S., 9. Professor FLAGG. 10. Socrates'* Panegyric of Athens (Attic Oratory). Lec- tures. T., Th., 11. Professor FLAGG. Courses 1, 2 and 3 must precede all others, 48 CO URSES OF INS TR UC TION.

SECOND TERM.

2. Homer's Odyssey, Bks. vi., VII., VIII. Recitations. T., Th., 10; S., 11. Professor FLAGO. 5. Sophocles's Antigone. Greek composition. Recitations. T., Th., S., 9. Professor FLAGG. 8. Euripides's Iphigenia in Tauris (Greek drama). Lectures. T., Th., 11. Professor FLAGG.

THIRD TERM. 3. iEschylus's Persians. Recitations. T., Th., 10; S., 11. Pro- fessor FLAGG. 6. Aristophanes's Clouds. Recitations. T.. Th., S., 9. Pro- fessor FLAGG. In course 6 special attention is paid to translation at sight. 9. Selected Idylls of Theocritus (Alexandrine literature). Lectures. T., Th., 11. Professor FLAGG. Courses 1, 2 and 3 are conducted to give the student a knowledge of the grammar and a good working vocabulary. In the advanced courses the main purpose is to cover as much ground in the best literature as can be done consistent with critical reading.

ORIENTAL LANGUAGES.

FIRST TERM. 1. Sanskrit, grammar (Perry. Whitney). M., W., 10. Pro- fessor RCEHRIG. 4. Arabic, grammar (De Sacy. Ewald). M., W., 11. Pro- fessor RCEHRIG. 7. Modern Arabic, grammar (Caussin de Perceval). T., Th., 11. Professor RCEHRIG. 10. Persian, grammar (Yullers. Fleischer). T., Th., 10. Pro- fessor RCEHRIG. 13. Turkish, grammar (Kasem Beg). T., Th., 9. Professor RCEHRIG. 16. Malayan, grammar (Marsden. Favre). M., 9; F., 11. Professor RCEHRIG. SECOND TERM. 2. Sanskrit, exercises (Bhandarkar). M., W., 10. Professor ROSHRIG. 5. Arabic, syntax (Rosenmiiller. Ewald). M., W., 11. Pro- fessor RCEHRIG. * 47 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

8. Modern Arabic, 1. Exercises (Wahrmund); 2. Reading (Arabian Nights). T., Th., 11. Professor RCEHRIO. 11. Persian, reading (Gulistan). T., Th., 10. Professor RCEHRIO. 14. Turkish, reading (Nusreddin). T., Th., 10. Professor RCEHRIO. 17. Malayan, reading (Dulaurier's Malayan Reader). M., 9; F., 11. Professor RCEHRIO. THIRD TERM.

3. Sanskrit, reading (Lanman). M., W., 10. Professor RCEHRIO. 6. Arabic, reading (Coran, Hariri). M., W., 11. Professor RACNRIG. 9. Modern Arabic, 1. Arabic newspapers; 2. Epistolary style. T., Th., 10. Professor RCEHRIG. 12. Persian, reading. 1. (Hafiz); 2. Parsi (Spiegel). T., Th., 10. Professor RCEHRIG. 15. Turkish, 1. Official and diplomatic documents; 2. Tura- nian philology. T., Th., 9. Professor RCEHRIG. 18. Malayan, 1. Commercial correspondence; 2. Polynesian philology. M., 9; F., 11. Professor RCEHRIG.

THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES. FIRST TERM. 1. Whitney's German Grammar and Reader. Recitations. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., n., in., 8, 9, 10; Mr. GRIFFIN; sec. iv., 8j

Mr. WILSON; sec. v., M., WM F., 9 (special section for students in Latin courses); Professor WHITE. 4. Schiller's Wilhelm Tell. Exercises in the etymology of German words and synonyms. M., W., F. Sec. i., II., 8, 9; Pro- fessor HEWETT; sec. in., 10; Professor WHITE. Course 4 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, and 3 or their equivalent. In course 4 special attention is paid to etymology, and the relation of German to English. 7. Lessing's Nathan der Weise. Recitations, and lectures on* the life of Leasing. T., Th., 9. Professor HEWETT. Course 7 is open only to students who have had courses 1 to 6 inclusive, except by special permission of the instructor. 10. Schiller's Don Carlos. Recitations, lectures and papers. T., Th., 10. Professor WHITE. Course 10 is open only to students who have had courses 1 to 6 inclusive, or their equivalent, except by special permission of the instructor. 50 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

13. Middle High German and Introduction to German Philol- ogy : Das Nibelungenlied. T., Th., two hours by appointment between 8-1. Icelandic, T., 8. Professor HEWETT. Course 13 is for advanced students, and is open only to those who have had at least two years of German. 16. Luther's Life and Works. Seminary. T., Th., 9. Pro- fessor WHITE. Course 16 is for advanced students, and is open only to those who have had at least two years of German. 19. Historical Reading. Muller's Geschichte des deutschen Yolkes and Freytag's Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit. T., Th., two hours by appointment between 8-1. Professor HEWETT. Course 19 is open only to students who have had courses 1 to 6 inclusive. SECOND TERM. 2. Whitney's German Grammar and Reader. Translations from English into German. Recitations. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., ii., in., 8, 9, 10; Mr. GRIFFIN; sec. iv., M., W., F., 9; Professor WHITE. 5. Goethe's Prosa. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F. Sec. I., II., 8, 9; Professor HEWETT; sec. III. ; Professor WHITE. Course 5 is open only to students who have had courses 1 to 4 or their equivalent. In courses 5 and 6 special prominence is given to literary biography and translation at sight. 8. Buchheim's Deutsche Lyrik, with biographical notes on the authors read. T., Th., 9. Professor HEWETT. Course 8 is open only to students who have had courses 1 to 6, except by special permission of the instructor. 11. Freytag's Die Briider vom deutschen Hause, with historical references and translations at sight. T., Th., 10. Professor WHITE. Course 11 is open only to students who have had courses 1 to 6 #or their equivalent, except by special permission of the instructor. 14. Gothic: Braune's Grammar and Bernhardt s Vulfila, and special advanced work in German literature and history. T., Th., two hours by appointment between 8-1. Icelandic. T., Th., 8. Professor HEWETT. Course 14 is for advanced students who have had at least two years of German. 17. Opitz and Klopstock: Life and works. T., Th., 9. Pro- fessor WHITE. 51 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

Course 17 is for advanced students who have had at least two years of German. THIRD TERM. 3. Riehl's Culturgeschichtliche Novellen. Translation at sight from German into English. Recitations, Daily ex. S. SEC. i.,, II., HI., 8, 9, 10; Mr. GRIFFIN; sec. iv., M., W., F., 9; Professor WHITE. 6. Lessing's Minna Von Barnhelm. Rewriting selected stories in German. Recitations. M., W., F. Sec. i., ii., 8, 9; Professor HEWETT; sec. in., 10; Professor WHITE. Course 6 is open to students who have had courses 1 to 5 inclusive, or their equivalent. 9. Gutzkow's Zopf und Schwert and the recent drama. Rapid reading of selected plays. T., Th., 9. Professor HEWETT. Open to students who have had courses 1 to 6, and to others by permission. 12. Schiller s Lyrics. Seminary. T., Th., 10. Professor WHITE. Course 12 is for advanced students who have had at least two years of German. 15. Old High German (Braune's Altdeutsches Lesebuch). Lit- erature of the Reformation (Reprints of early texts). T., Th., two hours by appointment between 8 and 1. Icelandic. T., Th., 8. Professor HEWETT. Course 15 is for advanced students who have had at least two years of German. The first two years in German are designed to afford, in addition to a thorough knowledge of the grammar and facility in translation, a valuable linguistic discipline for students who have not had a classical training.

ROMANCE LANGUAGES. FIRST TERM. 1. French Grammar. Recitations. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., 8; sec. II., 9; sec. HI., 10; Mr. P. BRUN; sec. iv., 8; sec. v., 9; Mr. S. J. BRUN. 4. French Reading, Merim^e's Colomba. Recitations. M., W., F. Sec. i., 8; sec. II., 9; Professor CRANE. Course 4 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3. 7. French Reading, Romantic School, Hugo's Hernani and poetry. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 9. Professor CRANE. Course I is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6. 62 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

10. French Reading, Copp^e's dramas and poetry. Recita- tions and lectures. T., Th., 10. Mr, S. J. BRUN. Course 10 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6. 13. French Philology, Old-French Texts. Recitations and lectures. M., W., 11. Professor CRANE. Course 13 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6, and have some acquaintance with Latin. 16. Spanish Reading. Cervantes's Don Quijote. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 10. Professor CRANE. 19. Italian Grammar. Recitations. T., Th., 8. Professor CRANE. SECOND TERM.

2. French Grammar and Reading, Labiche's La Poudre aux Yeux. Recitations. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., 8; sec. II., 9; sec. III., 10; Mr. P. BRUN. Sec. iv., 8 ; sec. v., 9. Mr. S. J. BRUN. 5. French Reading, Racine's Athalie. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F., Sec. i., 8; sec. II., 9. Professor CRANE. Course 5 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2,3, 4. 8. French Reading, Romantic School, Alfred de Musset's dramas and poetry. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 9. Pro- fessor CRANE. Course 8 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6, 7. 11. French Reading, Sardou's Rabagas. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 10. Mr. S. J. BRUN. Course 9 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6. 14. French Philology, Aucassin et Nicolete. Recitations and lectures. M., W., 11. Professor CRANE. Course 14 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6, 13. 17. Spanish Reading, Calderon's El Principe Constante. Rec- itations and lectures. T., Th., 10. Professor CRANE. 20. Italian Reading. Recitations. T., Th., 8. Professor CRANE.

THIRD TERM.

3. French. Tableaux de la Revolution Franchise. Recitations. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., 8 ; sec. II., 9 ; sec. III., 10; Mr. P. BRUN ; sec. iv., 8; sec. v., 9 (Scientific French). Mr. S. J. BRUN. 53 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

6. French, L'Eloquence de la Chaireetde la Tribune Fran9aise. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F. Sec. I., 8; sec. II., 9. Professor CRANE. Course 6 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 9. French Reading, Romantic School, Balzac. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 9. Professor CRANE.

Course 9 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5f 6, 7, 8. 12. French Reading, Pailleron's Le Monde oil Ton s'ennuie. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 10. Mr. S. J. BRUN. Course 12 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 5, 6. 15. French Philology, Chanson de Roland. Recitations and lectures. M., W., 11. Professor CRANE. Course 15 is open only to students who have had courses 13, 14. 18. Spanish Reading, Modern Drama. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 10. Professor CRANE. 21. Italian Reading, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi. Recitations and lectures. T., Th., 8. Professor CRANE.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

I. ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH LITERATURE. FIRST TERM. 1. Anglo-Saxon Grammar and the Anglo-Saxon Version of the Gospel according to St. John. Chapters i.-x. Corson's Hand-book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English. T., Th., 12. Professor CORSON. 4. Selections from Layamon's Brut, or Chronicle of Britain, the Ancren Riwle, and the Ormulum; the Proclamation of King Henry III; and selections from Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle. Corson's Hand-book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English. M., W., P., 2.30. Professor CORSON. Course 4 is open only to those who have had courses 1, 2 and 3, or an equivalent. 7. Spenser'n Faerie Queene, Books i. and n., as edited by Kitchin, and a selected play of Shakespeare. T., Th., 10. Pro- fessor CORSON. 10. Lectures on English Literature from Chaucer to Shake- speare inclusive, (twenty lectures on Shakespeare). M., W., F.t 10. Professor CORSON. 54 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

SECOND TERM. 2. Anglo-Saxon Version of the Gospel according to St. John. Chapters XI.-XXI., and selections from the Homilies of Aelfric.

Corson's Hand-book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English. T.f Th., 12. Professor CORSON. 5. Selections from Dan Michels Ayenbite of Inwyt, or Re- morse of Conscience, The Voiage- and Travaile of Sir John Maundeville, Trevisa's Translations of Ralph Higden's Polychron- icon, The Vision of William concerning Piers Plowman, Pierce the Plowman's Crede, the Wycliffite Versions of the Bible, and Gower's Confessio Amantis. Corson's Hand-book of Anglo- Saxon and Early English. M., W., F., 2.30. Professor CORSON. Course 5 is open only to those who have had courses 1, 2 and 3, or an equivalent. ^ 8. A selected play of Shakespeare, and Hales's Longer Eng- lish Poems, begun. T., Th., 10. Professor CORSON. 11. Lectures on English Literature from Shakespeare to John- son inclusive. M., W., F., 10. Professor CORSON.

THIRD TERM. 3. Selections from King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of the History of Paulus Orosius and Boethius de Consolatione Phil- osophiae, and from the A.-S. Chronicle. Corson's Hand-book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English. T., Th., 12. Professor COR- SON. 6. Prologue to Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Corson's Hand- book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English, the 2 vols, of selections from the Canterbury Tales, edited by Skeat, and lect-

ures on "the language and versification of Chaucer. M., W., F.f 2.30. Professor CORSON. 9. Hales's Longer English Poems, finished, and miscellaneous readings by the Professor, with comments artistic and aesthetic. T., Th., 10. Professor CORSON. 12. Lectures on English Literature from Cowper to Tenny- son and the Brownings inclusive. M., W., F., 10. Professor CORSON. A syllabus of the course of lectures embraced in 10, 11, 12, of which a new and much enlarged edition is in preparation, presents to the student the leading points of each lecture, and the order of their treatment, designates the best editions of an author's works, or parts of them, that are generally accessible, 55 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. and guides the student to such sources, philological, historical, biographical, critical, etc., as enable him to read to the best advantage. About one hundred and twenty lectures are given during the year, supplemented with outside readings at the Sage College. It is sometimes found advisable to depart from the chronological order, and to begin with the lectures of the winter term, as given above, or of the spring term.

II. RHETORIC AND ORATORY.

FIRST TERM. 1. Diction and sentence-construction. Recitations and exercises. Four sections, two hours each. M., W., 11; T., Th., 8, 11, 12. Mr. HUFFCUT. 4. Narrative composition. Written essays read in class, and also corrected individually. Three sections, one hour each. M., 8, 9; T., 9. Mr. HUFFCUT. 7. Elocution. Vocal culture, action, and delivery. M., W., 11; Th. 12. Mr. HAYES. 10. Melody and inflection of speech, gesture and delivery. T., Th., 9; F. 8. Mr HAYES. Course 10 is open only to those who have taken courses 7, 8, and 9. 13. Expository and argumentative themes, and orations. M., 11. Professor SHACKFORD. 16. Lectures on epic poetry. Themes and orations on related topics. M.,W., F., 9. Professor SHACKFORD. 19. Advanced rhetoric. Lectures on the vital qualities #f style, with studies of masters of style. T., Th., 10. Professor SHACKFORD. 22. Rhetorical study of Shakespeare. Three sections, two hours each. T., Th., 9; W., F., 10; M., 2.30-4.30. Professor SHACKFORD. SECOND TERM. 2. Paragraph construction, figurative language, and the mechanical properties of style. Same methods and sections as in course 1. Mr. HUFFCUT. 5. Descriptive composition. Continuation of course 4. Mr. HUFFCUT. 8. Elocution. Continuation of course 7. Mr. HAYES. 11. Advanced work in elocution. Continuation of course 10. Mr. HAYES. 56 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

14. Essays and orations. Lectures on principles of criticism and style. Continuation of course 13. W., F., 11. Professor SHACKFORD. 17. General literature. Lectures on dramatic poetry. Con- tinuation of course 16. M., W., F., 9. Professor SHACKFORD. 20. Advanced rhetoric. Invention, construction, and arrangement in discourse. • Continuation of course 19. Professor SHACK- FORD. 23. Shakespeare. Three sections, two hours each. Continu- ation of course 22. Professor SHACKFORD. 25. Literary and oratorical seminary. M., 3-5. Professors SHACKFORD and CORSON, and Mr. HAYES. Course 25 is open only to those who are qualified by previous study and practice in writing and speaking.

THIRD TERM. * 3. Elements of English. The writing of paragraphs. Instruc- tion by the methods in courses 1 and 2. Mr. HCJFFCUT. 6. Discursive themes. Continuation of course 5. Mr. HUFFCUT. 9. Interpretations of poetry and prose. Continuation of course 8. Mr. HAYES. 12. Formal delivery, with application of the principles of gesture and action. Continuation of course 11. Mr. HAYES. Students in courses 10, 11, and 12 meet the instructor pri- vately, by appointment, every week. 15. General literature. Lectures on lyric poetry. Essays and orations Continuation of course 14. W., F., 11. Professor SFAACKFORD. 18. Ancient orators. Lectures. F., 9. Professor SHACKFORD. 21. The principles of aesthetics as applied to literature. Study of Hegel's aesthetics. T., Th., 10. Professor SHACKFORD. 24. Shakespeare. Course 23 continued. 26. Literary and oratorical seminary. Two hours, M., 3-5. Professors CORSON and SHACKFORD, and Air. HAYES. Subject to same conditions as course 25.

MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY. FIRST TERM. 1. The science of psychology. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Pro- fessor WILSON. 4. History of philosophy and of the natural sciences. Lect- ures. M., W., F., 11. Professor WILSON. 57 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

Course 4 is open only to those who have had courses 1, 2, and 3, or au equivalent. SECOND TERM.

2. Moral philosophy. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Professor WILSON. Course 2 is open only to those who have had course 1 or an equivalent. THIRD TERM. 3. The science of logic. Lectures. M., W., F., 11. Professor WILSON. 5. The philosophy of American law and jurisprudence. Lect- ures. Daily ex. S., 11. Professor WILSON. Course 5 is open only to those who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 4, or an equivalent. Not given in 1885-6.

« HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. FIR8T TERM. I. Grecian history. Recitations and lectures. T., Th. Sec.

I., 9; sec. IIm 11. Mr. HODDER. 4. English political and social history. Recitations and lectures. T., Th. Sec. I., 8; sec. N., 12; sees, I., II., F., 11. MF. HODDER. 7. The development of the English constitution. Lectures. T., Th., 10. Associate Professor TUTTLE. Course 7 is open only to students who have had courses 4, 5, 6. 8. Prehistoric America and the history of American discov- ery and colonization. Lectures. M., W., 8. Seminary. F., 8. Professor TYLER. II. History of the constitution of the United States. Lect- ures. T., Th., 8. Seminary. S., 8. Professor TYLER. Course 11 is especially designed for those who have had courses 8, 9 and 10. 14. American political history. Recitations from Von Hoist. T., F., 3. Professor TYLER. 18. Theories and methods of the English government. Lect- ures. M., W., F., 12. President ADAMS. Course 18 is designed for those who take or have taken courses 4, 5, 6. 19. Systematic politics. Lectures. M., W., F., 10. Associate Professor TUTTLE. 20. Elementary political economy. Recitations. Mr. HODDER, 58 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

17. General historical and political seminary. T., Th., 3-5. President ADAMS. Course 17 is for advanced students, and is open only to those who have had courses 1 to 10 inclusive, or their equivalent.

SECOND TERM. 2. Roman history. Recitations and lectures. T., Th. Sec I., 9; sec. II., 11. Mr. HODDER. 5. English political and social history. Recitations and lectures. T., Th. Sec. i., 8; sec. II., 12; sees, i., II., F., 11. Mr. HODDER. Course 5 is open only to those who have had course 4. 9. American ^colonial institutions and ideas. Lectures. M., W., 8. Seminary. F., 8. Professor TYLER. Course 9 is open only to those who have had course 8. 12. Presidential administrations from Washington to Lincoln. Lectures. T., Th., 8. Seminary. S., 8-. Professor TYLER. Course 12 is designed for those who have had courses 8, 9, 10, 11. 15. American political history. Recitations from Yon Hoist. T., F., 3. Professor TYLER. 18. The English government since the Napoleonic w^rs. Lectures. M., W., F., 12. President ADAMS. Course 18 is designed especially for students who have had courses 4, 5 and 6, or their equivalent. 19. The philosophy of history. Lectures. M., W., F., 11. Professor WILSON. 23. International law. Lectures. M., F., 10. Associate Professor TUTTLE. 30. History of the eighteenth century. Lectures. T., Th., 10. Associate Professor TUTTLE. 25. Unsettled problems in political economy. Lectures. M., W.. F., 8. Associate Professor H. C. ADAMS. 26. The science of finance. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Associate Professor H. C. ADAMS. Courses 25 and 26 are open only to those who have had course 20 or its equivalent. 21. General historical and political seminary. Th., 3-5. Pres- ident ADAMS. Course 21 is open only to those who have had courses 1 to 10 inclusive, or their equivalent. 59 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

THIRD TERM. 3. Roman history. Recitations and lectures. T., Th. Sec. i.f 9; sec. II., 11. Mr. HODDER. Course 3 is open only to those who have had course 2. 6. English political and social history. Recitations and lectures. T., Th. 'Sec. i., 8; sec. ir., 12; sees, i., n., F., 11. Mr. HODDER. 24. -History of institutions in the middle ages. Lectures. M., W., F., 12. President ADAMS. 22. General history of Europe. Lectures. T., Th., 12. Mr. HODDER. 10. The American Revolution. Lectures. M., W., 8. Semi- nary. F., 8. Professor TYLER. Course 10 is designed for those who have had courses 8, 9. 13. History of anti-slavery and of the civil service in America. Lectures. T., Th., 8. Seminary. S., 8. Professor TYLER. Course 13 is designed particularly for those who have had courses 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Other students can take it only with the special permission of the professor. 16. American political history. Recitations from Von Hoist. T., F., 3. Professor TYLER. 27. Unsettled problems in political economy. Lectures. M., W., F., 8. Associate Professor H. C. ADAMS. Course 27 is designed especially for those who have taken -courses 20 and 25, and is open to no others except with special permission of the professor. 28. The science of finance. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Associate Professor H. C. ADAMS. Course 28 is open only to those who have had courses 20, 25, 26, or their equivalent. 29. Social science. Lectures on social problems, including pauperism, crime, inebriety, insanity, and illiteracy. Afternoons. Mr. SANBORN. Course 29 is supplemented by visits under charge of the instructor to the various public institutions in central New York, nearly the whole range of charitable, reformatory and punitory effort being represented at such institutions within a short distance of Ithaca. 31. General historical and political seminary. Th., 3-5. President ADAMS. 1 Course 31 is open only to those who have had courses 1 to 10 inclusive, or their equivalent. 60 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

GENERAL SCIENCE.

MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY.

FIRST TERM.

1. Solid geometry and conic sections. Daily ex. S. Sees. i.f xi., 8; sees, IIL, IV., V., 9; sees, vi., VII., VIII., 10. Associate Professor WAIT and Assistant Professor JONES one section each, and Messrs. MCMAHON and HATHAWAY three sections each. 4. Geometric problems. S., 8-10, two hours. Assistant Professor JONES. Course 4 is supplementary to course 1. 7. Analytic geometry. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., 8., and sec. n., 9; Assistant Professor JONES; sec. III, 10; Associate Professor WAIT. Course 7 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, and 3.

10. Integral calculus. Daily ex. S.7 8. Sec. i., Associate Pro- fessor WAIT; sec. n., Professor OLIVER. Course 10 will be discontinued after 1885. 25. Junior general review. Once a week after 1885. Asso- ciate Professor WAIT. 28. Modern methods in algebra and analytic geometry. M., W., F., 11. Mr. MCMAHON. Course 28 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and also, preferably, 5 and 11. 31. Special higher mathematics. S., 8-10, two hours. Asso- ciate Professor WAIT. Course 31 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and also, preferably, 5 and 11. 34. Differential equations. Daily ex. S. Professor OLIVER. Course 34 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and also, preferably, 5 and 11. Not given in 1885. , 37. Senior general review. Once a week after 1885. Pro- fessor OLIVER.

40. Finite differences. Daily ex. S.f after 1885. Professor OLIVER. 43. Theory of functions. Three times a week, after 1885. Professor OLIVER. Course 43 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, and also, preferably, 28-36. 59 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

46. Theory of numbers. Twice a week. Mr. HATHAWAY. 52. Conic sections. M., T., Th., 9, F., 10; 1885 only. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 55. Quaternions. W., F., 9; 1885 only. Professor OLIVER.

13. Mathematical essays. Soph., Th., 11; Sen., S., 8. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 58. Mathematical Association. T., 3.

SECOND TERM. 2. Algebra. Daily ex. S. Sees, i., n., III., 8; sees, iv., v., vi., 9; sees, vn., VIII., ix., 10. Associate Professor WAIT one section, Assistant Professor JONES two sections, and Messrs. MCMA- HON and HATHAWAY three sections each. 5. Algebraic problems. S., 8-10, two hours. Assistant Pro- fessor JONES. Course 5 is supplementary to course 2. 8. Calculus. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., 8, and sec. II., 9; Assistant Professor JONES ; sec. III., 11; Associate Professor WAIT. Course 8 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, and 7. 11. Determinants and theory of equations. M., T., W., Th., 10. Associate Professor WAIT. 17. Descriptive astronomy. Sec. i., M., W., F., 9; sec. II., T., Th., S., 9. Professor OLIVER. Course 17 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, and 3, and three courses in physics. 20. Astronomical problems. Twice a week. Professor OLI- VER. Course 20 is supplementary to course 17. 26. Junior general review. Once a week after 1885-6. Asso- ciate Professor WAIT. 29. Modern methods in algebra and analytic geometry. M., W., F., 11. Mr. MCMAHON. A continuation of course 28. 32. Special higher mathematics. Twice a week. Associate Professor WAIT. A continuation of course 31. 35. Differential equations. Daily ex. S. Professor OLIVER. A continuation of course 34. Not given in 1885-6. 38. Senior general review. Once a week after 1885-6. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 62 COURSES OF 'INS TR UC TI ON.

41. Quaternions and Grassmann's Ausdehnungslehre. Three times a week. Professor OLIVER. 44. Theory of functions. Three times a week. Professor OLIVER. A continuation of course 43, which see. 47. Theory of numbers. Twice a week. Mr. HATHAWAY. A continuation of course 46. 53. Conic sections. Four times a week, 1885-6 only. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 56. Quaternions. Twice a week, 1885-6 only. Professor OLIVER.

14. Mathematical essays. Soph., Th., 11; Sen.. S., 8. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 59. Mathematical Association. T., 3.

THIRD TERM. 3. Trigonometry. Daily ex. S. Sees, i., n., 8; sees, m., iv., v.,

9; sees, vi., VIL, VIIIm 10. Associate Professor WAIT and Assist- ant Professor JONES one section each, and Messrs. MCMAHON and HATHAWAY three sections each. Course 3 is open only to students who have had courses 1 and 2. 6. Trigonometric problems. S., 8-10, two hours. Assistant Professor JONES. Course 6 is supplementary to course 3.

9. Calculus. Daily ex. S. Sec. iM 8, and sec. ii., 9, Assistant Professor JONES ; sec. HI., 11, Associate Professor WAIT. Course 9 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8. 18. Physical astronomy. M., W., F., sec. i., 9; T., Th., S., sec. II., 9. Professor OLIVER. < Course 18 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 17, and three courses in physics. 21. Astronomical problems. Twice a week. Professor OLI- VER. Course 21 is supplementary to courses 17 and 18. 24. Projective geometry. Three times a week. Assistant Professor JONES. Course 24 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, and 7. 63 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

27. Junior general review. Once a week after 1885-6. Asso- ciate Professor WAIT.

30. Modern methods in algebra and analytic geometry. M.f W., F., 11. Mr. MCMAHON. A continuation of courses 28 and 29. 33. Special higher mathematics. Twice a week. Associate Professor WAIT. A continuation of courses 31 and 32. 36. Definite integrals. Three times a week after 1885-6. Professor OLIVER Course 36 is open only to students who have had courses 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9. 39. Senior general review. Once a week after 1885-6. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 42. Quaternions and Grassmann's Ausdehnungslehre. Three times a week after 1885-6. Professor OLIVER. A continuation of course 41. 45. Theory of functions. Three times a week. Professor OLIVER. A continuation of courses 43 and 44, which see. 48. Theory of numbers. Twice a week. Mr. HATHAWAY. A continuation of courses 46 and 47. 51. Probabilities and insurance. Twice a week. Assistant Professor J ONES. 57. Quaternions. Twice a week, 1885-6 only. Professor OLIVER. 63. Special work toward theses. Twice a week. Professor OLIVER.

15. Mathematical essays. Soph., Th., 11; Sen., S., 8. Pro- fessor OLIVER. 60. Mathematical Association. T., 3.

PHYSICS. [For a description of the appliances for Instruction In Physics, see " Material Equipment," pp. 29, 41.] FIRST TERM. 1. Mechanics and heat. Two lectures a week. T., Th., 12. Professor ANTHONY. One recitation on Friday or Saturday by the class in sections, at hours to be arranged. Professor AN- THONY and Assistant Professor MOL'ER. Course 1 requires a knowledge of plane trigonometry. 64 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

4. Physical experiments. Theory and methods of physical measurements. Three hours. Daily ex. S., 3-6. Professor ANTHONY and Assistant Professor MOLER. Course 4 extends through the year, and includes laboratory experiments illustrating general laws in all branches of physics, and instruction in the adjustment and use of instruments of precision for measurements in mechanics, heat, light and electricity. It is open only to students who have passed satisfactorily in courses 1, 2 and 3. All students desiring this course are strongly advised to prepare themselves by first taking courses in analytical geometry and calculus. Each student usually devotes to the course two afternoons each week, and pursues it in such order as the appointments of the laboratory may require. 7. Electrical measurements. Tests of electrical instruments and determination of constants. Six hours selected by the student from afternoons except Saturday, 2 to 6. Professor AN- THONY and Assistant Professor MOLER. Course 7 is designed for students proposing to take degrees in electrical or mechanical engineering, but is open to any who have pursued satisfactorily courses 4, 5, 6, with the preparation advised under 4. 10. Special reading and laboratory work under the direction of the professor of physics. Course 10 continues throughout the year and is open to students who have completed courses 4, 5 and 6. 13. Advanced laboratory work for graduate students. Hours to suit individual students. Professor ANTHONY and Assistant Professor MOLER.

SECOND TERM.

2. Electricity and magnetism. Lectures and recitations. Lect-~ ures T., Th., 12. Recitations on F., or S. Course 2 is open only to those students who have pursued course 1. 5. A continuation of course 4. 8. Theory and experimental study of dynamo machines, including tests of efficiency. Five hours. This is a continuation of course 7, and the remark given under that head applies here. 11. A continuation of course 10. 14. Courses for graduate students, in continuation of course 13. V

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 05

THIRD TERM.

3. Acoustics and optics. Lectures and recitations, as given under 1. t Students are admitted after pursuing courses 1 and 2. 6. A continuation of courses 4 and 5. 9. Electric lighting. Photometric and electrical tests of electric lamps. Testing of telegraph lines and cables. This is a continuation of courses 7 and 8, and is subject to the same remark. 12. A continuation of courses 10 and 11. 15. Courses for graduate students in continuation of course 14. 16. Practical photography [counting one hour a week]. As- sistant Professor MOLER. This course is open to all who have the requisite knowledge of chemistry, but students wishing to take it must call on Pro- fessor MoLER^at or before the beginning of the spring term to make necessary arrangements.

CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY AND METALLURGY.

' [For a description of the appliances for instruction in chemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy see 44 Material Equipment/' pp. 29, 33, 3S.]

FIRST TERM.

4. Agricultural chemistry. Lectures, with recitations, on chemical compounds in soils, plants and animals, methods and literature of the subject, tillage, drainage and manures. Daily ex. S., 9. Professor CALDWELL. Course 4 is open only to those who have had course 1 or 2. 8. Introductory practice. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. MORGAN. % 11. Qualitative analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9- 5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. MORGAN. Course 11 is open only to those who have had either course 1, 2 or 8, or an equivalent 14. Qualitative analysis. Recitations. Three to five sections, one hour per week each. Professor CALDWELL. Course \ 4 is open only to those taking course 11. 18. Mineralogy. Lectures, and laboratory work, with special 1 referent j to crystallography, and the more important metallic ores. 66 COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 66

Three hours per week. Professor SCHAEFFER and Assistant Pro- fessor NEWBURY. Course 18 is open only to those who have had course 17. 19. Organic chemistry. Lectures. T., Th., 9. Professor ? SCHAEFFER. Course 19 is open only to those who have had courses 2 and 6. 20. Chemical philosophy. Lectures and recitations. T., Th., 11. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 20 is open only to those who have had courses 2 and 6. 23. Quantitative analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. HOLTON. Course 23 is open only to those who have had the required amount of qualitative analysis. 26. German chemical journals. Readings. T., 11. Pro- fessor CALDWELL. Course 26 is open only to those who have had courses 4, 5 and 6 in German. 29. Quantitative methods. Lectures. W., 4.30. Professor CALDWELL. Course 29 is open only to those taking course 23. 34. Applied chemistry. Lectures on the manufacture of chemical products, on photography, food and drink, disinfect- ants, and modern discoveries in physiological chemistry. T., Th., 11. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 34 is open only to those who have had courses 2 and 6. 37. Organic chemistry. Laboratory work. Daily ex. 9-5. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 37 is open only to those who have had course 19, and at least three terms of work in quantitative analysis.

SECOND TERM. 2. Inorganic chemistry. Lectures. M., W., F., 12. Professor SCHAEFFER. Course 2 is not open to students in the freshman year, except- ing in the course of Analytical Chemistry and the Medical Pre- paratory Course. 3. Inorganic chemistry. Review. Three or four sections, one hour per week each. Professor SCHAEFFER. Course 3 is open only to students taking course 2. 5. Agricultural chemistry. Lectures, with recitations, on animal nutrition, fermentation and putrefaction, milk, the chemical COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 67

analysis of fodder and food, farm crops and their manufactured products and residues. Daily ex. F., S., 9. Professor CALDWELL. Course 5 is open only to those who have had course 4. 9. Introductory practice. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. MORGAN. 12. Qualitative analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. MORGAN. Course 12 is open only to those who have had courses 1, 2, or 8, or an equivalent. 15. Qualitative analysis. Recitations. Three to five sections, one hour per week each. Professor CALDWELL. Course 15 is open only to those taking course 12.

21. Chemical philosophy. Lectures and recitations. T., Th.r 11. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. (Course 21 is open only to those who have had course 20. 24. Quantitative analysis. Laboratory work. Dail^ ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. HOLTON. Course 24 is open only to those who have had the required amount of qualitative analysis. 27. German chemical journals. Readings. T., 11. Professor CALDWELL. Course 27 is open only to those who have had course 26. 30. Quantitative methods. Lectures. W., 4.30. Professor CALDWELL. Course 30 is open only to those who have had course 29. 32. Metallurgy. Lectures on fuels, ores, and the methods of extracting metals. T,. Th., 9. Professor SCHAEFFER. Course 32 is open only to those who have had courses 2 and 6. 33. Assaying. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 2-5. Pro- fessor SCHAEFFER and Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 33 is open only to those who have had courses 2, 6, 17, 18, and at least one term of qualitative analysis. 35. Applied chemistry. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 35 is open only to those who have had course 34. 38. Organic chemistry. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 38 is open only to those who have had course 19, and at least three terms of work in quantitative analysis. 40. Advanced mineralogy and crystallography. Two hours per week. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 40 is open only to those who have had course 18. 68 COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 68

THIRD TERM. 1. Elementary general chemistry. Lectures and recitations. M., W., F., 9. Mr. HOLTON. 6. Inorganic chemistry. Lectures. M., W., F., 12. Professor ScHAEFrER. Course 6 is open only to those who have had course 2. 7. Inorganic chemistry. Review. Three or four sections, one hour per week each. Professor SCHAEFFER. Course 7 is open only to those taking course 6. 10. Introductory practice. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. MORGAN. 13. Qualitative analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. MORGAN.

Course 13 is open only to those who have had courses 1, 2f 8 or 10, or an equivalent. 16. Qualitative analysis. Recitations. Three to five sections, one hour per week each. Professor CALDWTELL. Course 16 is open only to those taking course 13. 17. Blowpipe analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 2-5. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 17 is open only to those who have had either course 1 or 2. 22. Chemical philosophy. Lectures and recitations. T., Th., 11. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 22 is open only to those who have had course 21. 25. Quantitative analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor CALDWELL and Mr. HOLTON. Course 25 is open only to those who have had the required amount of qualitative analysis. 28. German chemical journals. Readings. T., 11. Professor CALDWELL. Course 28 is open only to those who have had course 27. 31. Quantitative methods. Lectures. W., 4.30. Professor CALDWELL. Course 31 is open only to those taking course 25. 36. Applied chemistry. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 36 is open only to those who have had course 35. 39. Organic chemistry. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Assistant Professor NEWBURY. Course 39 is open only to those who have had course 19, and at least three terms of work in quantitative analysis. COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 69

BOTANY, HORTICULTURE, AND ARBORICULTURE.

[For a description of the appliances for instruction in Botany, see "Material Equipment," pp. 32,38.]

FIRS» T TERM. 3. Composite and graraineae. Lectures. F., 10. Professor PRENTISS. Laboratory work by appointment. Assistant Pro- fessor DUDLEY. 10. Fungi. Lectures. T., Th., 10. Laboratory work by appointment. Assistant Professor DUDLEY. 11. Woody plants. Field and laboratory work by appointment. Professor PRENTISS. 12. Arboriculture and forestry. Lectures. M., W., 10, first part of term. Seminary, by appointment. Professor PRENTISS. Course 13 is not given in 1885-6, but may be expected in 1886-7. SECOND TERM. 4. Systematic and economic botany. Lectures. M., W., F., 10. Professor PRENTISS. 5. Vegetable physiology. Lectures. M., W., F., 10. Pro- fessor PRENTISS. Course 5 is not given in 1885-6, but may be expected in 1886-7. 6. Vegetable histology. Lectures. T., Th., 10, first part of term. Laboratory work by appointment. Assistant Professor DUDLEY. 7. Experimental plant physiology. Laboratory work by appointment. Professor PRENTISS. Course 7 is not given in 1885-6, but may be expected in 1886-7.

THIRD TERM. 1. Botany, introductory and general course. Lectures. M., W., F., 11. Professor PRENTISS. 2. Introductory course in field and laboratory work. Two hours per week by appointment. Assistant Professor DUDLEY. 8. Ferns. Lectures. First part of term, T., Th., 10. Lal>ora-_ - tory work by appointment. Assistant Professor DUDLEY. Course 8 is not given in 1885-6, but may be expected in 1886-7. 9. Mosses. Lectures. First part of term, T., Th., 10. Labora- tory work by appointment. Assistant Professor DUDLEY. 13. Plant-culture. Lectures. M., V\\, 10. Professor PRENTISS. COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 70

14. Special laboratory work for each term by appointment. Professor PRENTISS and Assistant Professor DUDLEY. Courses 1, 2, 3. 6, 10, 11, and 14 are offered each year, the other courses in alternate years.

* ENTOMOLOGY AND GENERAL INVERTEBRATE ZO- OLOGY. [For a description of the appliances for instruction In Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, see "Material Equipment," pp. 34,89.] FIRST TERM. 1. Invertebrate zoology. Lectures. Th., F., 11. Practical exercises. T., 2.30. Professor COMSTOCK. 2. Invertebrate zoology. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-5. Professor COMSTOCK. Course 2 is open only to those who take or have taken course 1. 4. Entomology. Laboratory work, insect anatomy and the study of the life-history of insects. Daily ex. S., 8-5. Professor COMSTOCK. THIRD TERM. 1 5. Entomology. Lectures on the characteristics of the orders, sub-orders, and more important families, with special reference to those of economic importance. T., Th., 9. Professor COMSTOCK. 6. Entomology. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-5. Pro- fessor COMSTOCK. Course 6 is open only to those who take or have taken course 5. 3. Invertebrate zoology. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-5. Professor COMSTOCK. Course 3 is open only to those who have taken course 1.

SUMMER VACATION. 7. Summer course in entomology and general invertebrate zoology. Lectures, M., W., F., 9. Field.work, T., Th., 8.30-1. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S>, £-5. Professor COMSTOCK. The laboratory and field work is arranged with reference to the needs and attainments of each student. After completing an elementary course in either general zoology or entomology, the student may select some subject in systematic zoology, economic entomology, or insect anatomy for special investigation. It is planned to have the work of each student, as far as possible, an original investigation. The chief object of the course is to COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 71 give training in methods of natural history work. Any one not already a member of the University desiring to join this class should make application to Professor Comstock as early as June 10th.

PHYSIOLOGY AND VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. [>vJa description of the appliance* for instruction in Physiology and Vertebrate Zoology, see "Material Equipment," pp. 37, 38,40.] FIR8T TERM. 1. Hygiene. Six lectures upon the personal care of the health and upon emergencies. First three weeks of the term. M., W., 12. Professor WILDER. 2. Physiology. Thirty lectures and six demonstrations. M., T., W., 11. Professor WILDER. Course 2 is designed especially for sophomores. The lectures treat chiefly of the cellular structure of the body, the phenomena of nervous and muscular action, the vaso-motor system, and the structure and functions of the brain. 3. Anatomical methods. Twelve lectures. T., 4.30. Labora- tory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Assistant Professor GAGE. Course 3 is open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have taken freehand drawing. 4. Morphology of the brain, human or comparative anatomy. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Professor WILDER. Course 4 is open only to those who have taken courses 2 and 3. Course 10 is also desirable as a preparation. 7. Vertebrate histology. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Assistant Professor GAGE. Course 7 is open only to those who have tfcken course 5. Courses 2 and 3 are also desirable in preparation for this course.

SECOND TERM. 6. Vertebrate zoology. Twenty lectures. T., Th., 11. Ten practicums. T., 2.30. Professor WILDER. Course 6 is designed especially for sophomores. Course 2 and invertebrate zoology are desirable in preparation for this course. 5. Microscopical methods. Ten lectures. T., 4.30. Labora- tory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Assistant Professor GAGE. Course 5 is designed especially for those who have taken courses 2 and 3. COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 72

8. Morphology of the brain, human or comparative anatomy. Laboratory work daily ex. S., 8-6. Professor WILDER. Course 8 is open only to those who have taken courses 2 and 3. 9. Vertebrate histology. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Assistant Professor GAGE. Course 9 is open only to those who have taken course 5. Courses 2 and 3 are also desirable in preparation for this course.

THIRD kTERM.

10. Morphology of the brain. Twenty lectures. T., Th., 3. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Professor WILDER. Course 10 is open only to those who have taken courses 2 and 3. 11. Experimental physiology. Ten lectures. T., 4.30. Lab- oratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Assistant Professor GAGE. Course 11 is open only to those who have taken courses 2 and 3. 12. Formation and care of a museum of vertebrates. Labora- tory work. Professor WILDER. Course 12 is open only to those who have taken courses 2, 3, and 6. 13. Morphology of the brain, human or comparative anatomy. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 8-6. Professor WILDER. Course 13 is open only to those who have taken courses 2 and 3. Course 10 is also desirable in connection with this course. 14. Vertebrate histology. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S , 8-6. Assistant Professor GAGE. Course 14 is dpen only to those who have taken course 5. Courses 2 and 3 are also desirable in preparation for this course. Whenever laboratory work is mentioned in a course it forms an essential part of that course. The laboratory practice varies with the needs of the student and the extent of his preparation. Usually the preliminary work includes the study of the skeleton, the dissection of muscles and nerves, the methods of microscopic manipulation, the examination of the brain, heart, and other viscera of the cat, and the performance of physiological experiments. The advanced work varies according to the purposes of the student. There are special facilities for the study of the brain, heart, and early stages of development. COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 73

GEOLOGY. [For a description of the appliances for instruction in Geology, see 11 Map terial Equipment," pp. 36, 40.] FIR8T TERM. 1. General geology. Lectures. M., W., F., 9. Professor S G. WILLIAMS. 4. Laboratory work in geology. Daily ex. S., 8-1. Professor S. G. WILLIAMS. SECOND TERM.

2. Economic geology. Lectures. M., W.f F., 9. Professor S. G. WILLIAMS. 5. Laboratory work in geology. Daily ex. S., 8-1. Pro- fessor S. G. WILLIAMS. THIRD TERM. 3. Field work in geology. Three hours a week by appointment. Professor S. G. WILLIAMS. 6. Laboratory work in geology. Daily ex. S., 8-1. Professor S. G. WILLIAMS. The laboratory work consists of exercises in determinative lithology. and in the preparation of geological maps and sections. During the fall and spring terms there are frequent excursions to points of geological interest, and instruction is given in field work.

PALEONTOLOGY. [For a description of the appliances for instruction in Paleontology, see 44 Material Equipment," pp. 36, 40.] FIRST TERM.

6. Laboratory work. Daily, 9-5. Professor II. S. WILLIAMS and Mr. PROSSER. 7. Field work. By appointment. Professor II. S. WILLIAMS and Mr. PROSSER. SECOND TERM. 1. Historical paleontology. Lectures. T., Th., 12. Professor H. S. WILLIAMS. Course 1 is open only to those who have had the course in general geology.

2. Advanced paleontology. Lectures. M., WM F., 9. Pro- fessor H. S. WILLIAMS. Course 2 is open only to those who have had course L COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 74

3. Laboratory work. Daily, 9-5. Professor H. S. WILLIAMS and Mr. PROSSER. THIRD TERM.

4. Laboratory work. Daily, 9-5. Professor H. S. WILLIAMS and Mr. PROSSER. * 5. Field work. By appointment. Professor H. S. WILLIAMS and Mr. PROSSER.

APPLIED SCIENCE AND THE ARTS.

AGRICULTURE. [For a description of the appliances for instruction in Agriculture, see 44 Material Equipment/' pp. 31, 44.]

FIR8T TERM.

1. Applied agriculture. The preparation of soils; general management of stock; farm buildings; farm-yard manures; commercial fertilizers; conveyances. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 11. Professor ROBERTS. 4. Agriculture. Field work. T., Th., 2-4. Professor ROBERTS.

SECOND TERM.

2. Applied agriculture. Farm accounts; principles of stock- breeding; races and breeds; breeding, feeding, and management of cattle; dairy husbandry; sheep husbandry. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 11. Professor ROBERTS. 5. Agriculture. Field work. T., Th., 2-4. Professor ROBERTS.

THIRD TERM.

3. Applied agriculture. The horse; farm drainage; farm im- plements and machinery; grains, grasses, and weeds; business customs, rights, and privileges; forms of contracts; relations of employers and laborers. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 11. Professor ROBERTS. 6. Agriculture. Field work. T., Th., 2-4. Professor ROBERTS. [For Agricultural Chemistry see CHEMISTRY, courses 4 and 5; for Horticulture and Arboriculture see BOTANY, courses 12 and 13; for Economic Entomology see ENTOMOLOGY, courses 4, 5, and 6.] COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 75

VETERINARY SCIENCE. (Por a description of the appliances for instruction in Veterinary Sci- ence, see 44 Material Equipment/9 pp. 36.]

FIRST TERM. 1. The anatomy, physiology, and hygiene of farm animals; data for determining age; principles of breeding, of shoeing, etc. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 8. Professor LAW. Clinical demonstrations as opportunity offers. Professor LAW.

SECOND TERM. 2. Zymotic, parasitic, dietetic, and constitutional diseases of domestic animals. Veterinary sanitary science and police; prevention of animal plagues by legislative and individual action. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 8. Professor LAW. Clinical demonstrations as opportunity offers. Professor LAW.

THIRD TERM. 3. General diseases of the different systems of organs in the domestic animals. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 8. Professor LAW. Clinical demonstrations as opportunity offers. Professor LAW.

ARCHITECTURE. (For the equipment of the Architectural department, see 41 Material Equipment," pp. 32.]

FIRST TERM. 1. Instrumental linear drawing, and problems in practical geometry. Lectures. T., 2.15-2.45. Drafting. T., 2.45-4.30. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 7. The elements of house-planning. Lectures. M., W., 2.30. Drafting, nine hours per week. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 9. Design-sketching. Th., 2.30. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 3. Building materials and construction. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Professor BABCOCK. 12. Mechanics. Strength of materials. Lectures. M., W., P., 12. Exercises in problems, six hours per week. Professor BABCOCK. 15. History of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architecture. Lectures. M., W., F., 9. Drawing, six hours per week. Pro- fessor BABOOCK. 76 COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 76

18. Renaissance architecture. Lectures. M., W., F., 10. Drawing, six hours per week. Professor BABCOCK. 24. Designing. Occasional lectures, and twenty-one hours per week of drawing. Professor BABCOCK.

SECOND TERM. 2. Projection and tinting. Lectures. M., 2-2.30. Drafting. M., 2.30-4. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 4/Building construction. Lectures. M., W., 10. Drafting, twelve hours per week. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 8. The elements of design. Lectures. W., 2.30. Drafting, six hours per week. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 10. Design-sketching. Th., 2.30. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 13. Mechanics. Trusses. Lectures. T., Th., 2.30, and six hours per week of exercises in problems. Professor BABCOCK. 1G. Romanesque architecture. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 11. Professor BABCOCK. 19. Modern architecture. Lectures. M., W., F., 9. Professor BABCOCK. 21. Decoration. Lectures. M., W., F., 2.30. Professor BAB- COCK. 25. Senior designing. Occasional lectures, and twenty-one hours per week of drawing. Professor BABCOCK.

THIRD TERM. 5. Building construction. Lectures. M., W., 10. Drafting, six hours per week. Assistant Professor OSBORNE.

9. Problems in design. Lectures. W.; 2.30. Drafting, six hours per week. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 11. Design-sketching. Th., 2.30. Assistant Professor OSBORNV. 20. Acoustics, etc. Lectures. M., W., F., 11. Professor BABCOCK. Specifications. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. 14. Mechanics. • Arches. Lectures. JVL, W., F., 12. Exercises in problems, six hours per week. Professor BABCOCK. 6. Shades, shadows, and perspective. Lectures. T., Th., 9. Drawing, three hours per week. Professor BABCOCK and Assist- ant Professor OSBORNE. 17. Gothic architecture. Lectures. M., W., F., 9, and six hours per week of drawing. Professor BABCOCK. 22. Decoration. Six hours per week of practical exercises. Professor CLEAVES. /

COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 77

23. Modeling. Four hours per week. Mr. BROWN. 26. Senior designing. Occasional lectures, and twenty-one hours per week of drawing. Professdr BABCOCK. The drawing-rooms are open daily ex. S., 9-5, and S., 9-1.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

[For a description of the appliances for instruction in Civil Engineeringf see pp. 98, 99.]

FIRST TERM. 3. Descriptive geometry. Recitations and lectures. M., T., W., Th. Sec. I., 8; sec. II., 9, Assistant Professor MARX; sec. in., 10, Assistant Professor CRANDALL. Drawing. M., W., F. 11-1. Assistant Professors CRANDALL and MARX. 8. Mechanics of engineering. Recitations and lectures. Daily ex. S. Sec. I., 8; sec. II., 9. Assistant Professor CHURCH. 11. Shades, shadows, and perspective. Lectures and drawing. T., Th., 10-1. Assistant Professor MARX. * 12. Topographical mapping and sketching. Lectures, field work, and drawing. M., W., F., 10-12. Professor FUERTES. 13. Lettering. Drawing. M., W., F., 12. Assistant Professor CHURCH. • 19. Spherical and practical astronomy. Lectures and recitations. Daily ex. S., 12. Observatory work, two nights per week. Professqr FUERTES. 20. Bridge stresses. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F., 8. Drawing. T., Th., 8-10. Assistant Professor CRANDALL. 21. Stereotomy. Lectures and drawing. M., W., F., 10-12. Assistant Professor CHURCH. 22. Civil engineering. Lectures and reading. T., Th., 10. Professor FUERTES. 32. Laboratory work in civil engineering, (a) Manipulation of instruments and apparatus; (6) elementary tests and experiments; (c) original research. Daily, 9-6, throughout the year. Professors FUERTES and Assistant Professors CRANDALL, CHURCH, and MARX. SECOND TERM.

1. Linear drawing. T., Th., 10-1. Assistant Professor CRAN- DALL. 4. Pen topography. M., W., F., 8-10. Assistant Professor CRANDALL. 78 COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 78

5. Tinting and shading. T., Th., 8-11. Assistant Professor MARX. 6. Technical reading in French. M., W., F., 10. Professor

FUERTES. Technical reading in German. M., WM F., 10. As- sistant Professor MARX. 9. Mechanics of engineering. Recitations and lectures. Daily ex. S. Sec. i., 10; sec. IJ., 11. Assistant Professor CHURCH. 14. Details of structures. Lectures and drawing. M., W., F., 11-1. Assistant Professor MARX. 23. Higher geodesy. Lectures and recitations. T., Th., 8; M., W., F., 10. Assistant Professor CRANDALL. 24. Hydraulics. Lectures and recitations. Daily ex. S., 9. Assistant Professor CHURCH. 25. Stone-cutting, and masonry structures. Lectures and original designs. T., Th., 10-12; M., W., F., 11-1. Professor FUERTES.

THIRD TERM.

2. Descriptive geometry. Recitations. M., W., F. Sec. I., 8; sec. ir., 9, Assistant Professor MARX; sec. iv., 11; sec. v., 12, As- sistant Professor CRANDALL. Drawing. T., Th., 11-1. Assist- ant Professors CRANDALL and MARX. 7. Land surveying. Lectures, recitations, and field work. M., W., F., 9-11. Professor FUERTES. 10. Mechanics of engineering. Recitations and lectures. Daily ex. S. Sec. I., 10; sec. II., 11. Assistant Professor CHURCH. 15. Railroad surveying. Lectures, recitations, and field work. Daily ex. S., 8-10. Assistant Professor CRANDALL. 16. Colored topography. T., Th., 11-1. Professor FUERTES. 17. Lettering. M., W., F., 11-1. Assistant Professor MARX. 18. Topographical practice in the " C. U. Surveys of Central New York." Field work two weeks, office work one week. Professor FUERTES and Assistant Professors CRANDALL and CHURCH. 26. Hydraulic motors. Lectures. T., Th., 12. Assistant Pro- fessor CHURCH. 27. Civil engineering. Lectures apd reading. M., W., 11. Professor FUERTES. 28. Engineering economics. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Professor FUERTES.

29. Hydrographic mapping and chart making. M., T., W.f Th,, 8-10. Assistant Professor CnuRcn. COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 79

30. Astronomical, geodetic, and hydrograpbic practice in the " C. IT. Surveys of Central New York." Field work two weeks, office work one week. Professor FUERTES and Assistant Pro- fessors CRANDALL and CHURCH. 31. Technical essays. Discussions on professional topics, by the professors and upper classmen, before all the students in the various departments of instruction. F., 2.30, throughout the year. The graduate courses in Civil Engineering are described on pp. 89-91. The hours assigned for the studies of these courses are arranged for each student at the beginning of each term, in accordance with the nature of his engagements and his choice of elective studies.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THE MECHANIC

ARTS.

[For a description of the appliances for instruction in Mechanical En- gineering, see pp. 100-107.]

FIRST TERM. 1. Materials of engineering. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F., 10. Mr. VAN VLECK. 3. Machine designing. Recitations and lectures. W., F., 9. Assistant Professor BAILEY. 6. Shopwork. Daily, 8-1, 2-4. Professor MORRIS and Mr. ANDERSON, with shop instructors. (1) Woodworking, use of tools; (2) forging, use of tools, welding, etc.; (3) machinists' work, erecting and construction. 9. Drawing: freehand, daily, 11-1, 2-4, Associate Professor CLEAVES, Messrs. BROWN and WHITE; mechanical, daily, 8-1, Professor MORRIS (special). Machine design. M., T., Th., 8-10. Assistant Professor BAILEY. 12. Steam engine and other motors: thermo-dynamics and theory of steam and other heat engines. Lectures. M., W., F., 10. Professor THURSTON. 17. Essays and debates. Mechanical Engineering Association. F., 2.30-4. Throughout the year.

SECOND TERM. 2. Kinematics and mechanism. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F., 10. Mr. VAN VLECK. 80 COURSES OF INSTR UCTION. 80

4. Machine designing. Recitations and lectures. Mm W., F., 12. Assistant Professor BAILEY. 7. Shopwork. (1) Woodworking, carpentry and joining; (2) moulding and casting; (3) machinists' work. Daily, 8-1, 2-4. Professor MORRIS, Mr. ANDERSON, and shop-instructors. 10. Drawing: freehand, daily, 11-1, 2-4, Associate Professor CLEAVES, Messrs. BROWN and WHITE ; mechanical, daily, 8-1, Professor MORRIS (special). Machine design. M., T., Th., 8-10. Assistant Professor BAILEY. Use of instruments. Daily, 11-1. Professors CLEAVES and BAILEY. Mechanism. T., Th., 9-12. Mr. VAN YLECK. 13. Steam engine: history, structure, and operation. M., W., F., 10. Professor THURSTON. 15. Mechanical laboratory. Lectures and experimental demonstration. S., 8-1, and as assigned. Professor THURSTON and Mr. VAN YLECK. THIRD TERM. 5. Machine designing. Recitations and lectures. M., W., F., 8; T., Th., 9. Assistant Professor BAILEY. 14. Marine engineering. Lectures and recitations, as assigned. Assistant Professor BAILEY. 16. Mechanical laboratory. Lectures and experimental demonstration. S., 8-1, and as assigned. Professor THURSTON and Mr. VAN VLECK. 8. Shopwork. (1) Woodworking, pattern-making; (2) ma- chinists1 work. Daily, 8-1, 2-4. Professor MORRIS, Mr. ANDER- SON, and shop-instructors. 11. Drawing: freehand, daily, 11-1, 2-4, Associate Professor CLEAVES and Messrs. BROWN and WHITE; mechanical, 8-1, Pro- fessor MORRIS (special). Machine design. 8-10. Assistant Pro- fessor BAILEY. Industrial art. 11-1, 2-4. Messrs. BROWN and WHITE.

MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS.

FIRST TERM. 1. Infantry drill. School of the soldier. School of the company. M.f W., F., 4. Lieutenant SCHUYLER.

3. Artillery drill. School of the section. M., WM FM 4. Lieu- tenant SCHUYLER, COURSES OF INSTRUCTION\ 81 SECOND TERM.

5. Military science. Lectures. T., Th., 12. Lieutenant SCHUYLER.

THIRD TERM. 2. Infantry drill. School of the battalion. M., W., F., 4. Lieutenant SCHUYLER. 4. Artillery drill. School of the section for selected squad. M., W., F., 4. Lieutenant SCHUYLER. Students in courses 3 and 4 are selected by the commandant from those reasonably proficient in courses 1 and 2. COURSES OF STUDY.

THE GENERAL COURSES.

[The following arrangement will take effect at the beginning of the collegiate year 1886-7. For the guidance of students now in the Uni- versity during the remainder of the present year, a printed outline will be furnished in time to enable them to arrange their work for the spring term.] The special requirements of each of the general courses will be seen below. In the course of their elective work, which covers a small part of the sophomore year, nearly the whole of the junior year, and the entire senior year, students are urgently advised to pro- ceed upon a carefully formed and clearly defined plan, and to aim at the attainment of special proficiency in certain lines of work. The members of the Faculty will be glad to give advice and assistance in the forming of such plans. The elective hours of the sophomore year should be used with reference to the special lines which the student designs to pursue during the junior and senior years. For example, students Who intend to make a specialty of Greek should add to the required work the elective hours which are open to sophomores; students of history and political science should take English history; candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Philosophy, who desire to make a specialty of science, should take physics; students of all courses who desire to pursue advanced mathematics should take analytical geometry and calculus. Students who shall devote at least five hours continuously during the last two years, with marked success, to any single subject, will receive mention of that fact in the diploma and on the Commencement programme. 82 COURSES OF STUDY. 83

THE COURSE LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF BACH- ELOR OF ARTS. Freshman Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term, Latin 3* 3 3 Greek 3 3 3 Mathematics ..3 3 3 French 3 3 3 English 2 2 2 Greek history . . 2 Roman history .2 2

16 16 16 Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Hygiene .... 6 lectures. Sophomore Tear. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Latin 3 3 3 Greek 3 3 3 German ....3 3 3 English .... 1 1 1 Physiology ... 3 Psychology . . 3 Logic .... 3

13 13 13 Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Electives .... 2-5 each term. Junior Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Themes .... 2 2 2 The remaining work of the junior year, and all the work of the senior year, is elective.

THE COURSE LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF BACH- ELOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Freshman Year. 1st Term, 2d Terra. 3d Term. Latin 3 3 3 German .... 3 3 3 Mathematics ..3 3 3 French ....3 3 3 English . ... 2 2 2 Greek history . . 2 Roman history . 2 2

16 16 16 * The figures Indicate the number of hours per week. 84 COURSES OF STUDY.

Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Hygiene .... 6 lectures. Sophomore Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Latin 3 3 3 French 3 3 3 German ....3 3 3 English .... 1 1 1 Physiology ... 3 Psychology . . 3 Logic .... 3

13 13 13 Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Electives .... 2-5 each term. Junior Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Themes . ... 2 2 2 The remaining work of the junior year, and all the work of the senior year, is elective.

THE COURSE LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF BACH- ELOR OF SCIENCE OR BACHELOR OF LETTERS. Students who, after completing the first two years of the course, shall devote at least nine houi-s continuously during the last two years to scientific subjects, will receive the degree of Bachelor of Science; and those who shall devote at least nine hours to literary, historical, and philosophical subjects will receive the degree of Bachelor of Letters. Freshman Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Mathematics ..5 5 5 French j 5 or 3 ) a fl German ( 3 or 5 £ 8 0 0 English . ... 2 2 2

15 15 15 Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Hygiene .... 6 lectures. Sophomore Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. French or Ger. .3 3 3 English .... 1 1 1 Physics ....3 3 3 Chemistry ... 3 3 Botany ... 3 Physiology ... 3 Psychology . . 3 Logic .... 3

13 13 13 COURSES OF STUDY. 85

Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Electives .... 2-5 Junior Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Themes . ... 2 2 2 The remaining work of the junior year, and all the work of the senior year, is elective.

THE TECHNICAL COURSES.

THE COURSE IN AGRICULTURE.

Leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. Freshman Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Mathematics ..5 5 5 French or German 5 5 5 English ....2 2 2 Freehand drawing 3 3 3

15 15 15 Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Hygiene .... 6 lectures. Sophomore Year. 1st Term. 2d Terra. 3d Term. English .... 1 1 1 Physics ....3 3 3 Invertebrate zool. 5 Vertebrate zool. 5 Botany ... 5 Physiology ... 3 Psychology . . 2 Logic .... 3 Microscopy ...1 1 1 Chemistry ... 3 3

13 15 16 Military drill . . 2 Physical training 2 Military drill . 2 Electives .... 2-5 3 Junior Year. 1st Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Themes . ... 2 2 2 The remaining work of the junior year, and all the work of the senior year, is elective, with the condition that at least twelve hours must be devoted continuously to studies specially relating to agriculture or horticulture, a list of which is given below (the studies being arranged somewhat in the general order in which they should be taken): 84 COURSES OF STUDY.

Agricultural chemistry: lectures; laboratory work in quality tive and quantitative analysis. Botany: composite and gramineae; arboriculture and land- scape gardening; vegetable physiology, vegetable histology; fungi and algae, and systematic and applied botany. Geology, economic: lectures. Entomology: lectures and laboratory practice. Horticulture: lectures and field work. Veterinary studies: anatomy and physiology, pathology, sanitary science, parasites, medicine and surgery. Agriculture: lectures and field work. Land surveying.

THE COURSE IN ARCHITECTURE.

Leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture.

FRESHMAN YEAR.

FALL TERM.—French or German, 5; rhetoric, 2; geometry and conic sections, 5; freehand drawing, 3; linear drawing, 1; military drill, 2; hygiene, six lectures. WINTER TERM.—French or German, 5; rhetoric, 2; algebra, 5; freehand drawing, 3; projection and tinting, 1. SPRING TERM.—French or German, 5; trigonometry, 5; descriptive geometry, text and drawing, 4; botany, 3; military drill, 2. SOPHOMORE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Building materials and construction, 2; composition, 1; analytical geometry, 5; descriptive geometry, text and drawing, 6; experimental mechanics and heat, 3; military drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—Construction, 3; composition, 1; calculus, 5J drawing, 3; electricity and magnetism, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3. SPRING TERM.—Construction, 3; composition, 1; drawing, LJ * acoustics and optics, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3; blowpipe analysis and determinative mineralogy, 2; shades, shadows, and perspective, 3; military drill, 2.

JUNIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Mechanics, strength of materials, 3; drawing, 3; Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architecture, 5; designing, 4. COURSES OF STUDY. 87

WINTER TERM.—Mechanics, trusses, 3; Romanesque architecture, 5; designing, 3; decoration, 3; economic geology, 3. SPRING TERM.—Mechanics, arches, 3 ; decoration, 3; Gothic architecture, 5; designing, 4; modeling, 2.

SENIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Renaissance architecture, 5; designing, 7; stereotomy, 3. WINTER TERM.—Modern architecture, 3; designing, 7; stereotomy applied to stone-cutting, 5; military science, 2. SPRING TERM.—Acoustics, ventilation, warming, professional practice, measuring, contracts, specifications, etc., 5; designing, 5; photography, 2.

SPECIAL COURSE IN ARCHITECTURE.

FIRST YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Building materials and construction; Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architecture; mechanics; designing; freehand drawing. WINTER TERM.—Romanesque architecture; construction; mechanics; designing; freehand drawing. SPRING TERM.—Gothic architecture; construction ; mechanics; designing; shades, shadows, and perspective.

SECOND YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Renaissance architecture; designing; drawing. WINTER TERM.—Modern architecture; decoration; designing; geology. SPRING TERM.—Acoustics, etc.: designing; decoration; photography ; modeling.

THE COURSE IN CHEMISTRY. Leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. The first two years of the course are the same as in the course in Science, as described on page 65. Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry must devote to Chemistry not less than seven hours continuously in the sophomore year, and not less than twelve hours continuously in the junior and senior years, out of the eighteen which they are at liberty to take. 88 COURSES OF STUDY.

THE COURSES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

A FOUR-YEAR COURSE.

Leading to the degree of Civil Engineer.

FRESHMAN YEAR.

FALL TERM.—French or German, 5; rhetoric, 2 ; geometry and conic sections, 5; freehand drawing, 3; technical essays, 1; military drill, 2; hygiene, six lectures. WINTER TERM.—French or German, 5; rhetoric, 2; algebra, 5; freehand drawing, 3; linear drawing, 2; technical essays, 1. SPRING TERM.—French or German, 5; trigonometry, 5; descriptive geometry, text and drawing, 4; botany, 3; technical essays, 1; military drill, 2.

SOPHOMORE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Analytical geometry, 5; descriptive geometry, text and drawing, 6; experimental mechanics and heat, 3; technical essays, 1; military drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—Technical reading, 3; calculus, 5; pen topography, 2; tinting and shading, 2; electricity and magnetism, 3 ; chemistry, lectures, 3; technical essays, 1. SPRING TERM.—Calculus, 5; land surveying, 4; acoustics and optics, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3; blowpipe analysis, 1; technical essays, 1; military drill, 2.

JUNIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Mechanics of engineering, 5; mineralogy, 2; shades, shadows, and perspective, 3; topographical mapping and sketching, 2; lettering, 1; kinematics or physics, laboratory work, 3; technical essays, 1. WINTER TERM.—Mechanics of engineering, 5; detail drawing and graining, 2; physics, laboratory work, 3; metallurgy, 2; economic geology, 3; technical essays, 1. SPRING TERM.—Mechanics of engineering, 4; railroad surveying, 4; colored topography, 3; lettering, 2; topographical practice, two weeks, and office work, one week, 3; technical essays, 1. COURSES OF STUDY. 89

SENIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Bridge stresses, 5; spherical astronomy, 5 ; practical astronomy, night observations, 2; Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architecture or physics, laboratory work, 3; stereotomy and original problems, 3 ; 'civil engineering, 2 ; technical essays, 1. WINTER TERM.—Hydraulics, 5; higher geodesy, 5; stone-cutting and original problems and practice, 5; technical essays, 1; military science, 2. SPRING TERM.—Hydraulic motors, 2; civil engineering, 2; engineering economics, 2; hydrography, chart-making, and mapping, 3; preparation of thesis, 4; technical essays, 1; astronomical, geodetic, and hydrographic practice, two weeks; office work, one week. Students in civil engineering are required to write essays upon professional subjects; and these essays are read and discussed at the weekly meetings of the Civil Engineering Association.

II.

GRADUATE COURSE IN BRIDGE ENGINEERING.

FALL TERM.—Wood and stone bridges, 3; bridge details and design, 3; engineering architecture, 3 ; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3; elective, 6. WINTER TERM.—Iron bridges, 3; bridge details and design, 3; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3; designs and details of cranes, pumps, etc., 2; hydraulic laboratory investigations, 4; elective, 4. SPRING TERM.—Bridge contracts and specifications, 3; bridge superintendence and construction, 3; special types of trusses, swing and pivot bridges, 3; bridge designing, 3; thesis, 6.

III.

GRADUATE COURSE IN RAILROAD ENGINEERING.

FALL TERM.—Economics of railway location, 3; railway projects, 3; structure and efficiency of locomotive engines and railway machinery, 3; advanced general and economic geology, 3; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3; elective, 3. WINTER TERM.—Economics of railway construction, 3; pro- 90 COURSES OF STUDY. jecte and designs of track details and accessory works, 3; special types of railway machinery and locomotives, 3 ; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3 ; designs of details of cranes, pumps, etc., 2; electrical laboratory practice, 4. SPRING TERM.—Railway maintenance and management, 5; contracts and specifications for railroad construction, 3; contracts and specifications for railroad machinery, 3; railway jurisprudence, 3; projects and thesis, 5.

IV.

GRADUATE COURSE IN SANITARY ENGINEERING.

FALL TERM.—Advanced general and economic geology, 3; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3; water collection and distribution, 5; special chemical laboratory practice, 3; elective, 4. WINTER TERM.—Sewerage of cities and towns, 3; designs of water supply systems, 3; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3; designs and details of cranes and pumps, 2; hydraulic laboratory investigations, 4; elective, 3. SPRING TERM.—Drainage and improvement of lands, 3; sewerage and water-supply designs, 3; estimates, specifications, and •contracts, 3; administration and management of public works, 3 j sanitary and municipal legislation, 2; projects and thesis, 4.

GRADUATE COURSE IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING.

FALL TERM.—Advanced general and economic geology, 3; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3; water collection and distribution, 5; motion of water in natural and arti- ficial channels, 3; elective, 4. WINTER TERM.—Construction of canals and improvements of rivers, 5; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3 ; designs and details of cranes, pumps, etc., 2; hydraulic laboratory investigations, 4; study of hydraulic problems, 2; elective, 3. SPRING TERM.—Coast and harbor improvements, 5; estimates, specifications, and contracts, 3; administration and management of public works, 3; projects and thesis, 6. COURSES OF STUDY. 91

VI.

GRADUATE COURSE IN GEODETIC ENGINEERING.

FALL TERM.—Advanced general and economic geology, 3; advanced astronomical practice, 5; geodetic field and laboratory work, 3; mineralogy, 3; political economy, 2; elective, 2 or 3. WINTER TERM.—Advanced geodesy, 3; systematic and applied botany, 3; political economy, 3; special cartography, 3; metallurgy, 2; physical laboratory practice, 4. SPRING TERM.—Geodetic practice, 6; political economy, 3; magnetic laboratory practice, 3; meteorology, 2; thesis, 4. For additional information see pp. 98, 99, or apply to the Presi- dent of the University, or the Dean of the department.

COURSES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

Leading to the degree of Mechanical Engineer.

FRESHMAN YEAR.

FALL TERM.—French or German,* 5; geometry, 5; rhetoric, 2; freehand drawing, 3; shopwork,f 2; hygiene, six lectures; drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—French or German, 5; algebra, 5; rhetoric, 2; freehand drawing and machine sketching, 3; instrumental drawing, 2; shopwork, 2. SPRING TERM.—French or German, 5; trigonometry, 5; descriptive geometry, 4; shopwork, 3 ; drill, 2.

SOPHOMORE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Analytical geometry, 5; descriptive geometry, 6; experimental mechanics and heat, 3; shopwork, 3; drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—Calculus, 5; electricity and magnetism, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3; drawing, 3; shopwork, 3. SPRING TERM.—Calculus, 5; acoustics and optics, 3; drawing, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3 ; shopwork, 3; drill, 2.

* Choice to meet approval of the head of the department; the same to hold of all elections. Students will report to the Director for instructions. t Number received limited by capacity of the whops; at present, to 35 at one time. Students are adviwed and encouraged to take shop praotioe in vacation. 92 COURSES OF STUDY.

JUNIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Mechanics of engineering, 5; materials of engineering, and mechanical laboratory, 3; physical laboratory, 3; chemistry, laboratory, 3; shopwork, 3. WINTER TERM.—Mechanics of engineering, 5; kinematics, 3; physical laboratory, 3; chemistry, laboratory, 3; drawing, 2; shopwork, 3. SPRING TERM.—Mechanics of engineering, 5; physical laboratory, 3; chemical laboratory, 3; drawing, 2; machine design, 3; shopwork, 3. SENIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Steam engine and other motors, 5; physical laboratory, 3 ; mechanical laboratory, 2; drawing, 3 ; machine design, 3; shopwork, 3. WINTER TERM.—Steam engine and motors, 5; physical laboratory, 3; mechanical laboratory, 2; drawing, 3; shopwork, 3; military science, 2. SPRING TERM.—Thesis; drawing; mechanical laboratory investigations; shopwork; time divided optionally, but subject to approval of the head of the department,* 15; elective, 3 to 6.

COURSE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

Leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering.

FRESHMAN, SOPHOMORE, AND JUNIOR YEARS. Nearly identical with the regular course in Mechanical Engi- neering. SENIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Physics, laboratory work (testing of instruments and determination of constants). 6; steam engine and other motors, 5; mechanical laboratory, 2; drawing, 3; machine design, 3. WINTER TERM.— Physics, laboratory work (dynamo machines and electric motors, tests of efficiency), 5; steam engine and motors, 5; mechanical laboratory, 2; drawing, 3; military science, 2.

— , A * This term is devoted mainly to the preparation of a thesis, which muRt be approved by the head of the department and by th© committee on theses. COURSES OF STUDY. 93

SPRING TERM.—Physics, laboratory work, photometry, efficiency tests of electric lamps, teste of telegraph instruments, lines, and cables, 5; thesis (laboratory work, reading, etc., in connection with preparation of thesis), 12. In connection with the laboratory work of the senior year, lectures are given upon the construction and methods of testing the various instruments for electrical measurements; upon the conditions that must be observed to reduce errors in measurement to a minimum; upon the construction of dynamo machines and the erection and maintenance of electric lighting plants, including precautions against fire; and upon the construction of telegraph and telephone lines and cables, with the methods of testing and locating faults.

GRADUATE COURSES.

MARINE ENGINEERING.

ONE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Structure and efficiencies of marine engines and machinery, 3; experimental work in mechanical laboratory, 3; contracts and specifications, 3; chemistry or physics, laboratory work, 3; electives, 3 to 6, to be chosen from the following: Mathematics, 5; history, 3; languages, 2; natural history, 6; history of philosophy, 3; literature, 3; civil engineering, 2; astronomy, 5; architecture, 3; special work in science, 5. WINTER TERM.—Naval architecture: resistance and speed of vessels, as effected by size, form, material of surfaces, and power, 3; mechanical laboratory, investigations, 3; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3; contracts and specifications, 3; electives, 6 to 9, to be chosen from the following: Mathematics, 5; history, 3 ; languages, 2 ; literature, 3 ; military science, 2; astronomy, 3 ; moral philosophy, 2 ; political economy, 3; architecture, 3; civil engineering, 5; rivers and harbors, 3; special scientific work, 5. SPRING TERM.—Designs of marine machinery, etc., 3; investigations in mechanical laboratory, 3; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3 ; preparation of reports on thesis, 3; electives, 6 to 9, to be chosen from the following: Mathematics, 5; literature, 3; American law, 5; Constitution of the United States, twelve lectures; architecture, 5; civil crigi- 94 COURSES OF STUDY.

neering, 3; natural history, 3; physiology, 3; political economy 5; special scientific work, 5.

STEAM ENGINEERING, ONE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Structure and efficiency of steam boilers* 3; experimental work, 3; contracts and specifications, 3; chemistry or physics, laboratory work, 3; electives. 6 to 9, as in marine engineering. WINTER TERM.—Structure and efficiency of steam engines, 3; investigation in the mechanical laboratory, 3; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3; contracts and specifications, 3; electives, 6 to 9, as in marine engineering. SPRING TERM.—Designing steam engines and boilers, 3; experimental investigation, 3; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3; preparation of reports or thesis, 3 ; electives, 6 to 9, as in marine engineering.

RAILWAY MACHINERY.

ONE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Structure and efficiency of locomotive engines, and railway machinery, 3; civil engineering, 3; experimental work, 3; contracts and specifications, 3; chemistry or physics, laboratory work, 3; electives, 3 to 6, as in marine engineering. WINTER TERM.—Study of special types of locomotive engines and railway machinery, their structure and proportions, 3; civil engineering, 3; laboratory investigation, 3; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3; contracts and specifications, 3; electives, 3 to 6, as in marine engineering. SPRING TERM.—Designing railway machinery and apparatus, 3; civil engineering, 3; experimental investigation, 3; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3; electives, 6 to 9, as in marine engineering.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

ONE YEAR.

FALL TERM,—Structure and theory of electrical apparatus and machinery, 3; experimental work in laboratory, 5; contracts and specifications, 3; electives, 4 to 6, as in other graduate courses* COURSES OF STUDY. 95

WINTER TERM.—Construction, erection, and management of lines and plant, 3; laboratory, 5; contracts and specifications, 3; electives, 4 to 6, as in other graduate courses. SPRING TERM. — Designing dynamo-electric machinery and establishments, 5; experimental work, 3; preparation of reports or thesis, 3; electives. 4 to 6, as in other graduate courses. Choice of elective studies, as well as of the special courses of engineering, is subject to the approval of the Director.

COURSE IN INDUSTRIAL ART.

FOUR YEARS.

FRESHMAN YEAR.

FALL TERM.—French or German,* 5; geometry, 5; rhetoric, 2; outline drawing, 3 ; drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—French or German, 5; algebra, 5; rhetoric, 2; outline and ornamental drawing, 3; instrumental drawing, 2. SPRING TERM.—Drawing, from casts and figures, 2; trigonometry, 5; descriptive geometry, 4; botany, 3; theory of color, 1; drill, 2. SOPHOMORE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Analytical geometry, 5; descriptive geometry, 6; experimental mechanics and heat, 3; composition 1; studies in anatomy, 1; drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—Cast and figure drawing, 4; electricity and magnetism, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3; elementary coloring, 1; principles of design, 3; shades and shadows, 3. SPRING TERM.—Plant forms, 2; coloring, 3; modeling and potter's wheel, 3; acoustics and optics, 3; freehand drawing, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3; drill, 2.

JUNIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—^Esthetics, 2; drawing, 4; moulding and model- geology, 3; psychology, 2; coloring and designing, 1. WINTER TERM.—History of fine arts, 1; coloring, 4; moral philosophy, 2; descriptive astronomy, 3; drawing from casts, 4.

- •— i • » -— — » .... . • Choice to meet approval of the head of the department. 96 COURSES OF STUDY.

SPRING TERM.—Woodworking, 2; photography, 2; history of art, 2; building materials and construction, 3; logic, 3; drawing from nature, decoration and coloring, 4.

SENIOR YEAR.

FALL TERM.—Stereotomy, 3; English literature, 3; history of industrial arts, 2; modeling in clay, 2; wood-carving, 2; designing in color, 3. WINTER TERM.—History of art, 3; coloring from nature, 2; etching. 3; designing, 5; military science, 2. SPRING TERM.—Designing in form and color, 4; working stone, 2; painting from nature, 3; graduating work and thesis.

A TWO-YEAR COURSE PREPARATORY TO THE STUDY OF MEDICINE.

» Not leading to a Degree.

FRESHMAN YEAR.

FALL TERM.—French, 5; freehand drawing, 3; experimental mechanics and heat, 3; invertebrate zoology, lectures and laboratory work, 3 ; physiology, 3; military drill, 2; hygiene, six lectures. WINTER TERM.—French, 5; electricity and magnetism, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3, laboratory work, 3; vertebrate zoology, lectures and laboratory work, 3. SPRING TERM.—French, 5; acoustics and optics, 3; chemistry, lectures, 3; botany, lectures, 3, laboratory work, 2; military drill, 2. SOPHOMORE YEAR.

FALL TERM.—German, 5; psychology, 2; organic chemistry, 2; anatomy, physiology, and hygiene of domestic animals, 5; anatomical technology, 1; anatomy, laboratory work, 2; military drill, 2. WINTER TERM.—German, 5; vegetable physiology, 3 ; veterinary pathology, parasites, and sanitary science, 5; microscopical technology; animal histology, laboratory work, 2; vegetable histology, 3. COURSES OF STUDY. 97

SPRING TERM.—German, 5; medical chemistry, 3; comparative anatomy of the brain, 2; anatomy, laboratory work, 2; museum methods and experimental technology, 1; veterinary medicine and surgery, 5; military drill, 2. Upon the completion of this course, or its equivalent, the student is entitled to a certificate countersigned by the professor of physiology. This certificate usually enables the holder to abridge the time required for graduation in medicine.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN REGARD TO SOME OF THE TECHNICAL COURSES.

ARCHITECTURE. The course in Architecture is so arranged as to give the student instruction in all subjects which he should understand in order to enter upon the practice of the art. The instruction is given by means of lectures and practical exercises. Its object is not merely to develop the artistic powers of the student, but to lay that foundation of knowledge without which there can be no true art. Drawing is taught during the first two years, and afterward thoroughly used and applied in mechanics, stereotomy, and designing. Architectural mechanics occupies a part of each term for one year. The lectures are each supplemented by at least two hours of work on problems. In developing the subjects and in solving problems, analytical methods are used; but for practical use special attention is paid to the application of graphical statics. The study of the history of architecture and the development of the various styles runs through five terms. The lectures are illustrated by photographs, engravings, drawings, casts, and models. 98 COURSES OF STUDY.

Proper attention is paid to acoustics, ventilation, heating, decoration, contracts, and specifications. The whole ground of education in architecture, practical, scientific, historical, and aesthetic, is covered as completely as is practicable in a four-year course. For collections and equipment, see a Material Equipment/' p. 32. II. CIVIL ENGINEERING. The instruction is given by means of lectures and recitations, with drafting, and field and laboratory work. The field work embraces the usual operations and the more recent methods of land, railroad, and subterranean surveying, together with hydrography and geodetic practice; and since 1874 the department of Civil Engineering has been engaged in the surveys of the hydrographic basin of central New York, as a contribution to the geodetic surveys of the United States Government. Laboratory work is provided in chemistry, mineralogy, metallurgy, geology, physics, and civil engineering. The students of this department receive instruction in an extended course of mechanics, as applied to engineering, and their professional preparation comprises the following subjects : The location and construction of railroads, canals, and water-works; the construction of foundations, in water and on land, and of superstructures and tunnels; the surveys, improvements, and de- fenses of coasts, harbors, rivers, and lakes; the determination of astronomical coordinates; the application of mechanics, graphical statics, and descriptive geometry to the constructions of the various kinds of right and oblique arch bridges, roofs, trusses, and suspension bridges; the design, construction, and application of wind and hydraulic motors, air and heat engines, and pneu- matic works; the drainage of towns and the reclaiming of lands; the preparation of plans and specifications, and the proper selection and tests of the materials used in constructions. As a part of their instruction, students have frequent practice in the preparation of papers on subjects of professional importance. An elementary course of lectures is given in engineering and mining economy, finance and jurisprudence, and the same subjects are treated more in detail in the graduate courses. These courses were established several years ago to meet the growing demand for special training in the various fields of the civil en- COURSES OF STUDY. 99 gineering profession; and have been recently arranged in a more convenient form, as the result of experience with students during the past five years. These graduate courses, open to graduates of this, or similar institutions, offer lines of continuous study in professional specialties, alternating with a limited number of elective studies in literature, history, or science, or with the studies of other professional schools; but the choice of elective studies must meet the approval of the head of the department. The courses of instruction have been planned with a view to laying a substantial foundation for the technical and general knowledge needed by engineering practitioners, so that graduates may become professional experts in course of time; and that, guided by their theoretical knowledge and as much of engineering practice as can be taught in schools, they may develop into useful investigators and constructors. This department aims so to teach its students that they may not acquire the pe- dantic conceit of mere theorists, or the intolerant self-sufficiency of the so-called " practical man.1' In other words, it aims to make its graduates cultured and well-balanced professional men, trained to meet the actual demands of American engineering science and practice. Those students who prove to have entered the department without special aptitude for engineering are advised, early in the course, to transfer themselves to some other department of the University. The special library of the department possesses many valuable sets of the transactions of learned societies, and works of reference, among them the extensive publications recently presented to the department by the French Government; and, in addition to the systematic acquisition of modern books on engineering subjects, the resources of the general library of the University are available for the purposes of this department. The engineering laboratories contain many machines, models, and appliances for engineering investigations, which are supplemented by large collections of apparatus in the special and general laboratories of other departments. Students of this department have free access to all the museums and laboratories of the University. For the special laboratory and museum, see " Material Equip- ment," pp. 33, 39. For the course in Civil Engineering, and the graduate courses of this department, see pp. 88-91. 100 COURSES OF STUDY.

THE SIBLEY COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGI- NEERING AND THE MECHANIC ARTS. This college has been founded and endowed by the liberal gifts of the Hon. Hiram Sibley, of Rochester, N. Y., who in the year 1870 provided for the erection of a suitable building for the department of mechanic arts. He also gave ten thousand dollars for increasing its equipment of tools, machines, etc., and soon after made a further gift of thirty thousand dollars for the endowment of the Sibley professorship of practical mechanics and machine construction. During the years 1883 and 1884 he gave more than sixty thousand dollars for the purchase of models, the extension of the present Sibley building, and the building and equipping of a complete set of workshops. The total amount thus presented to Cornell University exceeds one hundred thousand dollars. SIBLEY COLLEGE is the School of Mechanical Engineering and of Mechanic Arts, of Cornell University. It has a complete organization, and separate buildings, containing lecture-rooms, drawing-rooms, museums of collections of machines and apparatus, and workshops, in which instruction is gfven in the working of wood and of the metals. This college is organized as follows: At the head of the college is a presiding officer called the Director, who, by direction and authority of the Trustees, will plan the several courses of instruction, and determine upon the best methods of tuition in the several departments of the college, and who will see the whole system of instruction kept in operation, in accordance with the plans laid out by him, and approved by the authorities of the University. He is made responsible for the efficiency of the college, for its proper organization and administration, and for its operation in accordance with the policy and general methods of the University. In all such matters and in those in which the college is brought into contact with the workings of the University and the departments exterior to itself, a special faculty is consulted, as an advisory body, and the general Faculty is expected to assist in effecting all arrangements by which the co-operation of such departments is to be secured. The college is divided into three principal departments, each of which is presided over by a professor skilled in the subject, instruction in which is directly conducted by him and his assistants. These departments are Mechanical Engineering, including COURSES OF STUDY. 101 a Mechanical Laboratory, in which experimental work and investigations are conducted; a department of Mechanic Arte, or shopwork; and a department of Drawing and Machine De- sign. The first-named is presided over by the Director, who is also the Professor of Mechanical Engineering. The two other departments will be directly managed by professors conversant with the special work falling within their lines. Assistants and skilled workmen are employed in these several departments as needed. For a description of the buildings, workshops, laboratories, and museums, see " Material Equipment,'1 pp. 28, 34, 35, 40.

I. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Sibley College, founded as a college of the Mechanic Arts, is intended by the Trustees of the University to be made not only a school of arts and trades, but a college of engineering, in which schools of the mechanic arts and of the various branches of mechanical engineering shall be developed, as rapidly and exten- sively as the means placed at the disposal of the Trustees of the University, and a demand for advanced and complete courses of instruction, shall allow. The courses now ready will be supplemented by other and more advanced courses from time to time, as the number of students applying for advanced instruction shall justify further expansion; and it is anticipated that in time the college may embrace schools of every branch of mechanic arts and of mechanical engineering which shall assume prominence in connection with the development of the great industries of the country. The Department of Mechanical Engineering, as here organized, constitutes that part of Sibley College which affords instruction in the lecture-rooms and laboratories, as distinct from the drawing-rooms and workshops. It is divided into two principal sections: that of Theoretical Engineering and that of Ex- perimental Engineering, or the Mechanical Laboratory. (1) Section of Theoretical Engineering: — The lecture-room course of instruction consists of the study, by text-book and lecture, of the materials used in mechanical engineering—especially of steel and iron—the valuable qualities of these materials being exhibited in the mechanical laboratory by the use of the various kinds of testing machines, as well as by examination of specimens of all tjie most familiar grades, of which samples are seen in the cases of the museums and lecture-rooms. The theory 102 COURSES OF STUDY. of strength of materials is here applied, and the effects of modi- fying conditions, such as variation of temperature, frequency and period of strain, method of application of stress, are illustrated. This course of study is followed, or accompanied, by instruction in the science of pure mechanism or kinematics, which traces motions of connected parts, without reference to the causes of such motion, or to the work done, or the energy transmitted. This study is conducted largely in the drawing-rooms, where the successive positions of moving parts can be laid down on paper. It is illustrated, in some directions, by the set of kinematic models known as the Reuleaux models, a complete collection of which is found in the museums of Sibley College. The study of Machine Design succeeds that of pure mechanism, just described, and includes the determination of the general dimensions, and of the forms and proportions of the principal parts of machinery, both as fixed by the strength of material, by the form of the members designed, and by the method of connection to adjacent parts of the construction. This study also is largely conducted in the drawing-rooms, and is directed by an instructor familiar, practically as well as theoretically, with the designing and proportioning of machinery. The study of mathematical principles, and of the strength of materials, as applied in this portion of the work, is pursued, at an earlier period of the course of preparation for these professional studies, in the several other departments of the University to which such preparatory work properly belongs. The closing work of the course consists of the study, by text- book and lecture, of the theory of the steam engine and other motors, including both the mechanical and the thermodynamic principles, and an examination of the structure of that class of machinery; this course of instruction being followed, as far as may be found practicable, by exercises in designing and proportioning such engines. The last term of the regular four-year course is devoted mainly to the preparation of a graduating thesis, in which the student is expected to exhibit something of the working power and the knowledge gained during his course. This thesis may be either a treatise upon some subject having professional interest which has not been hitherto fully treated, or an account of some new and useful form of machine devised by the writer of which he will present the theory and method of design; or it may be an account of some original COURSES OF STUDY. 103 design of works fitted for manufacturing specified products, or an investigation having direct ^nd practical bearing upon problems of importance arising in the course of professional work. Of these several kinds of theses, the last two named are given, as a rule, highest value. The thesis is rejected and the student is not given his diploma, should his production not give evidence of originality and strength, and of his having profited, to a very creditable extent, by the opportunities that have been offered him, (2) Section of Experimental Engineering, or Mechanical Labo- ratory instruction:—The work in this department will be conducted by an instructor familiar with its apparatus and with the best methods of work, and who will plan a systematic course of instruction that is intended to give the student not only skill in the use of apparatus of exact measurement, but to teach him also the best methods of research, and to give him a good idea of the most effective methods of planning and of prosecuting investigations, with a view to securing fruitfulness of result with minimum expenditure of time and money. In this, as in every other department, the instructors are expected to keep in view the more important methods of practical work coming to the engineer in his daily practice. The object of all this instruction is to give the student power to solve the problems arising in every-day life, and to make him familiar with the best methods of uniting theory and practice in such manner as to enable him to reach a defined object most directly and with greatest certainty. The Mechanical Laboratory is supplied with several kinds of testing machines for tests of beams; for rapid work in tests by tension; for slower but more precise work in determining, especially, the elastic properties, and the modulus of elasticity, of materials; and an " autographic recording testing machine," used in making special investigations of the properties of the materials used in construction. A machine for testing the strength and ductility of fibrous materials completes the list of testing machines. Other machines are used, in the course of laboratory instruction, for determining the value of lubricants, their endur- ance under work, and their coefficients of friction. Dynamom- eters are brought into use in measuring the power of prime- movers and the work done in driving machinery. Steam-engine indicators, of which all the most familiar kinds are represented 104 COURSES OF STUDY.

in the collections, are applied to testing steam engines and other heat motors; and steam gauges, counters, and other minor kinds of testing apparatus, and instruments of exact measurement, are made in various ways to illustrate the course of instruction in this line of work. The test trials of steam boilers, and the testing of other apparatus and machines, to determine their capacity, efficiency, and adaptation to their intended purposes of application, form part of this course; and the needed apparatus is provided as required,

II. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANIC ARTS, OR SHOPWORK. The aim of the instruction in this, the department of Practical Mechanics and Machine Construction, is to make the student, as far as time will permit, acquainted with the most approved methods of construction and inspection of machinery. Students are required, usually, to devote nine hours per week to work in the shops, or about thirty days during each year. (1) Section of Woodworking and Pattern-making:—This course begins with a series of exercises in woodworking, each of which is intended to give the student familiarity with a certain application of a certain tool; and the course of exercises, as a whole, is expected to enable the industrious, conscientious, and pains- taking student to easily and exactly perform any ordinary operation familiar to the carpenter, the joiner, and the pattern-maker. Time permitting, these prescribed exercises are followed by practice in making members of structures, joints, and of small complete structures, and of patterns, their core-boxes, and other constructions in wood. Particular attention will be paid to the details of pattern-making. (2) Section of Ironworking:—This course is expected not only to give the student a knowledge of the methods of the carpenter and the pattern-maker, but to teach him how to handle tools and to give him that manual skill in the handling of machines which will permit him to enter the machine shop and there quickly to acquire familiarity and skill in the manipulation of the metals, and in the management of both hand and machine tools, as used in the working of such metals. (3) Section of Blacksmithing, Moulding} and Foundry work ;— The instruction in the machine shop, in the foundry, and the blacksmith shop, is intended to be carried on in substantially the same manner as in the woodworking course, beginning by a COURSES OF STUDY. 105

aeries of graded exercises, which will give the student familiarity with the tools of the craft and with the operations for the performance of which they are particularly designed, and concluding by practice in the construction of parts of machinery, and, time permitting, in the building of complete machines which may have a market value. The time allowed for work in the shop is not, and cannot well be, sufficient to teach the student all the methods of the several trades, or to make him, unless an ex- ceptionally good mechanic by nature, a skilled workman; but it is hoped that the amount of time given to shopwork may be hereafter somewhat enlarged, and that the course may gradually be extended in length and given increased efficiency in method. With the time now given, however, the instruction in this, the department of the Mechanic Arts, is found to be of very great value to the student. Collections and Tools:—The woodworking shop is supplied with all needed hand and power tools, work-benches, and acces- sories sufficient for sections of classes up to twenty-five or more in number, should it be found advisable to work so many together. The machine shop is supplied with lathes of various kinds; planers, grinding, drilling, and shaping machines; a universal milling machine, fitted for cutting plane, bevel, and spiral gears; spiral cutters and twist drills, with additional tools and attach- ments for graduating scales and circles and for working various forms and shapes. In addition to the usual hand and lathe tools there are instruments of the greatest accuracy, consisting of standard surface- plates, straight-edges and squares of various sizes; a standard measuring machine reading to the ten-thousandth of an inch, a universal grinding machine for producing true cylindrical and conical forms, and a set of Betts's standard gauges. The smithy contains ten forges of the most approved pattern, and corresponding outfits of smith's tools. The instruction embraces forging, welding, tempering, etc. The foundry is equipped for giving thorough instruction in loam and sand moulding, and the casting of iron and brass. The cupola for melting iron is a Colliau's improved, with a capacity • of one ton per hour. There are also a crucible furnace for melting brass, a core oven, a rattler, and the other usual foundry appliances. 106 COURSES OF STUDY.

III. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DRAWING AND ART.

(1) Section of Freehand Drawing and Art:—Instruction in this department begins with Freehand Drawing, which is taught by means of lectures and general exercises from the blackboard,, from flat copies, and from models. The work embraces a thorough training of the hand and eye in outline drawing, elementary perspective, model and object drawing, drawing from casts, and sketching from nature. The effort is not to make mere copyists, but to render the student familiar with the fundamental principles underlying this art, and to enable him to represent any object correctly and rapidly. The course is largely industrial, and the exercises are arranged as far as possible with special reference to the drawing required in the work of the different departments. The course in freehand drawing is followed, where time permits, by instruction in industrial art, in designing for textiles and ceramics, in modeling, and in other advanced studies introductory to the study of fine art. All students in the departments of Agriculture, Architecture, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineer- ing and Mechanic Arts, and Natural History devote two hours a day to freehand drawing during the first two terms of the freshman year; and students in Architecture, in addition, two hours a day during one term of the junior year. The department has a large collection of studies of natural and conventional forms, both shaded and in outline; of geometrical models, and of papier-mache and plaster casts, including a number of antique busts, casts of parts of the human figure, studies from nature, and examples of historical ornament Additions are made as required. (2) Section of Mechanical Drawing:—The course of instruction in Mechanical Drawing is progressive, from geometrical drawing to designing of machinery and making complete working drawings. The aim is to familiarize the student with the methods adopted in the best drawing offices of the country. This end is furthered by working drawings and blue prints from our own most prominent engine and machine builders, whose practice is thus at once shown in the clearest way. Several hundred drawings selected from the best technical schools abroad also aid in this work. COURSES OF STUDY. 107

The course begins with freehand drawing, as above; and in the latter part of this work considerable time is expected to be given to the sketching of parts of machines and of trains of mechanism, and later, of working machines. The use of drawing instruments is next taught, and, after the student has acquired some knowledge of descriptive geometry and the allied branches, the methods of work in the drawing-rooms of workshops and manufacturing establishments are learned. Line drawing, tracing, and blue-printing, the conventional colors, geometrical constructions, projections, and other important details of the draughtsman's work, are practiced until the student has acquired some proficiency. The advanced instruction given the upper classes includes the tracing of curves and cams, the study of kinematics on the drawing-boards, tracing the motions of detail-mechanism, and the kinematic relations of connected parts. This part of the work is accompanied by lecture-room instruction and the study of the text-book, the instructors in the drawing-rooms being assisted by the lecture-room instructor, who is'a specialist in this branch. The concluding part of the course embraces a similar method of teaching machine design, the lecture-room and drawing-room work being correlated in the same manner as in kinematics or mechanism. In this work the form of each piece is carefully determined and its proportions calculated, and the member sketched by hand before it is laid down on the drawing-board. The course concludes, when time allows, by the designing of complete machines, as of the steam engine or other motor, or of some important special type of machine.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. The course of study for the first three years is very nearly the same as that of Mechanical Engineering, comprising drawing, mathematics, mechanics, mechanism, machine design, the elementary study of physics, and preliminary practice in the use of electrical and other instruments. The special work of the fourth year comprises the study of prime movers, the theory and construction of dynamo machines, the study of the problems involved in the distribution of the electric light and the electrical transmission of power, besides practice in every variety of electrical measurement and testing, as applied to the erection and maintenance of electric lighting plants and telephone and telegraph 108 COURSES OF STUDY. lines and cables, and to the purposes of investigation. The greater part of the third term of the fourth year is given to the experiments and investigations incident to the preparation of the 7 thesis, which musf t be of a nature to show that the student is able to apply the knowledge he has acquired to the solution of some scientific or practical problem. Equipment.—The University possesses a very extensive collection of electrical apparatus, which is being increased year by year. Among the instruments are several galvanometers of high and low resistance, several sets of resistance coils, several forms of current and potential instruments used for commercial purposes, the Kew magnetometer and dip-circle and other instruments for the determination of magnetic elements, quadrant electrometers of the White and Elliott patterns, besides condensers, keys, bridges, and other accessory apparatus. During the past year a large tangent galvanometer was constructed at the workshop connected with the physical department, which provides for the measurement of currents from a fraction of an ampere to 250 amperes. Its dimensions were determined during its construction by the most careful measurements, and it contains within itself a provision for determining the horizontal intensity of the earth's magnetism. For the use of this and other electrical and magnetic instruments a special building was erected at some distance from all other buildings and entirely free from iron. It is proposed to construct during the present year, as a companion to the large tangent galvanometer, a standard instrument for the measurement of potentials with the same precision that the large galvanometer measures currents. When this instrument is completed it is believed that the equipment for exact electrical measurements here cannot be excelled, if it can be equaled, elsewhere in the world. Five dynamos, ranging from one to ten arc lights each, are at hand for experimental work. Three of these are mounted on Professor Brackett's dynamometer cradles, for measuring the power absorbed, or transmitted, if the machine is used as a motor. For dynamo tests a resistance of naked German silver wire has been provided, which is arranged in about one hundred sections capable of combination in all possible ways. Combined in series they furnish a resistance of 2,200 ohms, capable of carrying four amperes. Several other dynamos by well-known makers are to be added. COURSES OF STUDY. 109

When the dynamos are used for testing or experimental purposes they are driven by a steam engine constructed expressly for the purpose, with a governor that controls the speed with extreme precision. A graduate course is arranged for students in Mechanical En- gineering who desire further instruction in this special line of work. MARINE ENGINEERING. At the request of the University, an officer of the engineer corps of the United States Navy has been detailed for the purpose of giving instruction in Marine Engineering. Special work in this subject may therefore be taken by such students as desire it. This instruction is given in a graduate or fifth-year course, after the student shall have prepared himself for such important advanced work by completing the regular course in Mechanical Engineering or by obtaining its equivalent elsewhere. The junior and senior years of the regular course are preparatory to this work. Such work will include the methods of determining the power necessary to secure a desired speed of ship, and the design of the machinery to supply and use that power, both in general plan and in detail. By means of lectures, students taking this work will be instructed as to the relative advantages of various types of machinery, the causes of deterioration and taught how to prevent them. The question of high steam pressures and rates of expansion is thoroughly discussed, and the limitations both from a thermodynamic and commercial point of view are explained. Special attention is paid to the theory of the compound engine and to its design in practice. A very complete and valuable set of blue print photographs of working drawings of marine machinery, presented to the Sibley College by the Harlan & Hollingsworth Co., of Wilmington, Del., as well as drawings of machinery of United States naval vessels, and valuable models, presented by Chief Engineer Alex. Henderson, United States Navy, and others, give excellent facilities for the study of the best practice in marine engine design. For the course in Marine Engineering, see page 93.

MINING ENGINEERING. Although Mining Engineering has not been formally estab- 110 COURSES OF STUDY. lished, the main instruction required by the mining engineer is now given, as follows: the professor of civil engineering and his associates pay especial attention to the needs of those intending to connect themselves with the mining industries, giving lectures on tunneling and on the theory and practice of such constructions as are common to the professions of civil and mining engineer; the professor of mechanical engineering and his associates pursue a like course, giving instruction in mining machinery; the professors of general chemistry and mineralogy, and of analytical chemistry, give instruction in metallurgy, assaying, chem- . ical analysis, and cognate subjects; the professors of geology and paleontology give instruction in the theory and classification of ores, and in those branches relating to chemical geology. The formation of a more complete scheme and the introduction of special collections may be expected when the senior schools shall have been so completely established and so well equipped as no longer to draw heavily on the general fund. Plans of the buildings and extensions of the existing plans and equipments are in course of preparation.

STEAM ENGINEERING. Special instruction in Steam Engineering is provided for advanced students and educated practicing engineers who have pursued the course of study in the school of mechanical engineering or its equivalent, and who are thus fitted to profit by instruction in this line of special professional work. The course of instruction is an extension of the work of the senior year in mechanical engineering, and includes the study of steam engines and boilers and their accessory apparatus, for the purpose of learning the theory and practice of engineering as applied to this class of motors. Included in the course is a considerable amount of laboratory work in the trials of engines and boilers to determine their efficiency, their power, and the relative commercial standing of the various types, as adapted to stationary, marine, or locomotive practice. For the course of instruction, see page 94.

RAILROAD MACHINERY. This is a graduate department and is intended to prepare the same class of students as the schools already described, for special work in railroad shops, and especially in the division of COURSES OF STUDY. Ill the organization of railways placed in charge of superintendents of motive power, and of master mechanics. All students taking this course should have the same preparation as is required in the School of Marine Engineering. For the course of instruction, see page 94.

LYCEUM AND NON-RESIDENT LECTURERS. A room for a lyceum is fitted up for the use of students en- rolled in Sibley College, in which weekly debates are carried on. Supplementing the regular course of instruction, a series of lectures will be delivered from time to time by the most distinguished men of the profession. For a partial list of non-resident lecturers for the present year, see page 21-22. Persons desiring more detailed information in regard to any subject connected with Sibley College, should address THE DI- RECTOR OF SIBLEY COLLEGE. PRIZES AND HONORS.

PRIZES.

I. THE WOODFORD PRIZE. The Woodford Prize, founded by the Hon. Stewart Lyndon Woodford, and consisting of a gold medal of the value of one hundred dollars, will be given annually for the best English oration, both matter and manner being taken into account. The prize will not be conferred unless the successful competitor completes his course and takes his degree at the commencement next following the contest. The subjects of the orations may be selected by the competitors, but in each case the approval of the professor of rhetoric must be obtained. The following list of subjects is offered for the present year: 1. Victor Hugo's Title to Permanent Fame. 2. The Mediaeval Dungeon and the Modern Reformatory as Types of Civilization. 3. Emerson as the Representative of American Political Ideas. 4. The Cohesive Forces in American Nationality. 5. Raymond Lully, and Eliot, the Apostle of the Indians. 6. "Fear is the Herald of all Revolutions." 7. Public Office as a Public Trust. 8. "New England's Chaucer, Hawthorne." 9. The Influence of Daniel Webster as an Interpreter of the Constitution. 10. The Oresteia of JEschylus and the Macbeth of Shake- speare as Embodiments of the Idea of Retributive Justice. 11. The Demoralization of the National Conscience in the "Spoils System." 12. The Influence of Populous Centres on Opinions. 13. Benjamin Franklin as a Statesman. 112 PRIZES AND HONORS. 113

II. THE JUNIOR EXHIBITION. A public oratorical contest of speakers appointed from the junior class will be held in May, and the successful competitors will receive mention on the commencement programme.

III. THE HORACE K. WHITE PRIZES. Established by Horace K. White, Esq., of Syracuse. To the most meritorious student in Veterinary Science, Twenty Dollars ; to the second in merit, Ten Dollars.

IV. SIBLEY PRIZES IN MECHANIC ARTS. Under the gift of the Hon. Hiram Sibley, made in 1884, the sum of $100.00 will be annually awarded to those students in the Sibley College who shall in the opinion of the Faculty of that institution show the greatest merit in their college work.

HONORS.

I. HONORS AT GRADUATION FOR GENERAL EXCELLENCE. Honors will be granted at graduation to students whose general average in the studies required in their course is honorable.* These honors will be known as honors for general excellence, and will be recorded upon the commencement programme, and in the Register of the year following. Honors for general excellence will be conferred only on students who have spent not less than three years at the University.

II. HONORS FOR DISTINGUISHED EXCELLENCE IN SPECIAL SUBJECTS. Honors will be granted (subject to conditions stated below) for distinguished excellence in any of the following subjects: history, political science, French. German, Greek, Latin, mathematics, entomology. These honors will be conferred by the Faculty, upon the recommendation of the department concerned. They will be known as special honors in . They will be recorded in the Register of the year following, and final honors will also be announced upon the commencement programme of the year in which they are conferred. * In the usage of the University, the word •• honorable" denotes the highest grade of standing; the word 44oredltable" denotes the next lower grade. 114 PRIZES AND HONORS. 114

Students who desire to be admitted as candidates for these honors must give notice in writing to the Registrar within fourteen days after the day of registration of the spring term. The special examinations for honors will be held in May. These special examinations will be of two kinds: in certain departments there will be but a single examination, which will be open to seniors and graduates; in certain other departments there will be, in addition to this, another examination preliminary to the final one, to be known as the mid-course examination. and to be open to sophomores and juniors, and to seniors who intend to be candidates for final honors after graduation. Graduates of other colleges studying in Cornell University may, by vote of the Faculty, be admitted to become candidates for these honors.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.

In order to become a candidate for these honors, the student must satisfy the following requirements: 1. He must have completed all the studies required in his course up to the beginning of the term in which the special examinations are held. 2. At the beginning of the term in which the special examinations are held, his average for his entire work in the studies of his course, exclusive of those in the department in which he seeks for honors, must be creditable. 3. His average for his entire work in the department in which he seeks for honors, up to the beginning of the term in which the special examinations are held, must be honorable. 4. If the department be one in which a mid-course examination is given, the applicant for final honors must have won the mid-course honors. The candidate must pass with distinguished excellence a special examination upon subjects to be announced in advance, and present any thesis or undergo any other test that may be required of him. Honors in special subjects will not be granted to a student whose work is unsatisfactory in any of the studies of his course during the term in which the special examinations are held. Nor will they be granted to any but registered students who are pursuing the number of studies required for the term. The special requirements will be as follows: PRIZES AND HONORS. 115

MID-COURSE HONORS. History; Political Science.—The candidate must have passed, with an honorable average, the required work in Grecian, Roman, and English history, and must pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon a subject to be announced in advance. The subject for 1886 is either of the following, at the option of the candidate: (а) In Modern European History: Reformers before the Ref- ormation. (б) In English History: The reign of Elizabeth. French; German.—The candidate must have passed, with an honorable average, the required work of the freshman and sophomore years, and must also pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon the following subjects: (а) Translation at sight from French or German. (б) Translation from English into French or German. (c) Translation from specified French or German authors. The subjects for 1886 are, in French: Corneille, Cinna; Mo- liere, L'Avare, and Les Fourberies de Scapin; About, Les Ju- • meaux de THotel Corneille, Madame de Duras, Ourika. In Ger- man, 1886: Lcssing's Laokoon, chapters i.-xxv. (omitting notes), Clarendon Press edition; Schiller's Jungfrau von Orleans; Goe- the's Italienische Reise (as far as the journey to Sicily) ; in 1887 : Lessing's Emilia Galotti ; Goethe's Iphigenie ; Schiller's Ge- schichte des Abfalls der Niederlande (Viertes Buch and Bei- lagen). Greek; Latin.—The candidate must have passed, with an honorable average, the required work of the freshman and sophomore years, together with the courses in Grecian and Roman history; and must also pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon the following subjects: (a) Translation at sight from the easier Greek or Latin authors. (b) Translation from English into Greek or Latin. (c) Translation of passages from specified Greek or Latin authors. The subjects for 1886 are, in Latin: Virgil's Aeneid, Books IX. and X.; Livy, Book XXII. In Greek: Plato's Apology, and Books IX.-XII. of Homer's Odyssey. Mathematics.—The candidate must have passed, with an honorable average, in the work of courses 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11. He must also pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon the following subjects : 116 PRIZES AND HONORS. 116

(а) The solving of geometric problems. (б) Algebra, including the theory of equations and the elements of determinants. (c) Plane trigonometry. Candidates for mid-course honors are advised to take courses 4, 5, 6. FINAL HONORS.

History; Political Science.—The candidate must be in full and regular standing in one of the general courses, must have taken, with an honorable average, an amount of elective work in history and political science equivalent to five hours a week through two years, and must have won mid-course honors. He must also write a satisfactory thesis upon a subject specified in advance, and pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon that subject. The subject for 1886 is either of the following, at the option of the candidate : (a) In American History: Von Hoist's Constitutional History of the United States. (ib) In Modern European History: The political development of Germany in the nineteenth century. For 1887: (a) In American History: England's commercial restrictions upon the colonies prior to the Stamp Act. (b) In Modern European History: The building up of the ab- solute monarchy in France. (c) In English History : The constitutional issues involved in the English Revolution of 1688. (d) In Political Economy: The financial and economical re- forms of Alexander Hamilton. (e) In International Law: The Alabama Question in its historical and legal aspects. French ; German.—The candidate must have woo mid-course honors, and have passed, with an honorable average, an amount of elective work of the junior and senior years equivalent to five hours a week through two years; he must also, present a satisfactory thesis, and must pass, with distinguished excellence, an examination upon the following subjects: (a) Translation at sight from French or German. (b) Translation from English into French or German. (c) The political and literary history of some specified period. (d) Certain specified works of that period. PRIZES AND HONORS. 117

The subjects for 1886 are, in French: the political and literary history of France under the Second Empire, 1852-70; and the following authors: Emile Augier (selections from drama), Victor Cherbuliez (selections from novels), Octave Feuillet, and Edmond About (selections). The subject of the thesis required is a study of the literature of the above period with special reference to the influence of the Romantic School In German, the subjects for 1886 are: the political and literary history of Germany from Lessing to the death of Schiller; and the following authors: Lessing (selections from the Ham- burgische Dramaturgic), Goethe (Wahrheit und Dichtung, Books 6-20), the correspondence between Schiller and Goethe. The subject of the thesis required is the Sturm und Drang period. For 1887: Political and literary history of Germany from the death of Frederick the Great to 1848; and the following authors: Brandes (romantische Schule in Deutschland), Heine (romantische Schule), Novalis (Schriften), Tieck, and Schlegel (selections). The ^subject of the thesis required is the relations of Heine to the Romantic School. Greek; Latin.—The candidate must have won mid-course honors, must have passed, with an honorable average, in five hours a week of elective work for each of the junior and senior » years; and must also pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon the following subjects: (a) Translation at sight from the more difficult Greek or Latin authors. (ib) Translation from English into Greek or Latin, (c) Translation from specified Greek or Latin authors (with commentary upon the questions of history, archaeology, grammar, and etymology involved). For final honors, 1886, in Greek: ^Eschylus's Agamemnon, Demosthenes's De Corona; in Latin: Plautus's Rudens, Ter- ence's Andria, Cicero, fourteenth Philippic. Mathematics.—The candidate must have won mid-course honors, and must have passed, with an honorable average, in the work of courses 25-36 inclusive. He must also pass, with distinguished excellence, an examination in special work in analytic geometry and calculus equivalent to two hours a week for three terms; and must present a satisfactory thesis. Entomology.—The candidate must have passed, with an honorable average, the regular examinations in the subjects of zoology 118 PRIZES AND HONORS. $ (vertebrate and invertebrate), microscopic technology, botany (the elementary course, including field-work), and entomology (the general course); and must also pass, with distinguished excellence, a special examination upon the results of an original investigation of one or more special entomological subjects to which he has devoted an amount of work equivalent to two hours a term for two years. The subject for 1886 is to be selected from the following list: (а) The internal anatomy of the larva of the corydalus cornutus Linn. (б) The insects injurious to woolen goods in the United States. (c) The insects infesting apple trees at Ithaca. (d) The insects injurious to wheat in the north-eastern part of the United States. UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS.

SCHOLARSHIPS.

Pursuant to the action of the Trustees, described on page 13, there will be thrown open to competition for all students, annually, at a special examination held directly after the September entrance examinations, six scholarships, of the value of two hundred dollars each, and three of the same value for women only. The total number of scholarships on both these foundations will therefore be thirty-six. Each of these scholarships will be continued for four years, provided the student maintains throughout his course the same high standing with which he enters; and the total amount received by each successful competitor will thus be eight hundred dollars. Students of high ability from the State of New York will have the additional advantage of being able to secure State scholarships, as there is nothing in the University statutes pre- venting a student from holding both a State' and University scholarship. The rules laid down by the Trustees and Faculty provide that the name of every successful competitor for these scholarships shall be inserted in the annual Register of the University, together with the name of the school at which he or she was fitted for college, and the name of the principal of the school; and that these names shall remain in the Register as long as he or she re- tains the scholarship. It has also been thought best to give the scholarships to the candidates passing the best examination, regard being had to ability alone. It is believed that in this way only can the bestowal of the scholarships be put on the proper footing,—that is, as an award to merit and not as a dole to poverty; but the experience 119 s SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLO WSHIPS. 120 of Trustees and Faculty leads them to believe that a system based on merit alone will inure mainlv to the benefit of student* of small njeans; since it is a well-known fact that in all the colleges of this country the great majority of the best scholars come, not from the wealthy class, but from those whose circumstances have forced them to feel the need of thrift and energy. Of the University scholarships, not less than two, and not more than three, as the Faculty may determine, are awarded to students of either sex entering the freshman class, in any course, # who, while maintaining a good standing in the other studies required for admission to the Arts course, pass the best examination in the Latin and Greek required for admission to that course; and the remainder—that is to say, not more than four and not less than three of the said University scholarships—are awarded to those students entering any course in the LTniversity, who, while maintaining a good standing in the other studies required for admission to the course, and especially in English grammar, pass the best examination in the various branches of mathematics required for entrance, namely, in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. Candidates entering the courses leading to the degree of Bach- elor of Arts or Bachelor of Philosophy must pass their examination in all subjects required for admission to those courses. But neither the French nor the German required for admission to certain courses will be absolutely required of the candidate until the beginning of the academic year 1886-7, though in any case where two candidates are of equal merit in other respects, the one passing the .entrance examination in French or German will have the preference. Of the Sage scholarships for women, one is awarded on the basis of an examination in Latin and Greek, as in the case of the University scholarships, and the remaining two are awarded on the same basis as the other University scholarships, as above described. Samples of examination papers given to applicants for scholarships will be found in the appropriate place below. In case a student who has been appointed to any scholarship shall forfeit it by reason of bad conduct or insufficient progress in the studies of his course, or any other cause, the scholarship may be awarded for the remainder of the four years to another student in the same class. t

s SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLO WSHIPS. 121

FELLOWSHIPS. The Fellowships, eight in number, are known as the Cornell Fellowship, the McGraw Fellowship, the Sage Fellowship, the Schuyler Fellowship, the Sibley Fellowship, the Goldwin Smith Fellowship, the Erastus Brooks Fellowship, and the President White Fellowship. Each of these yields to the successful candidate the sum of four hundred dollars for one year, or, in cases of remarkable merit, for two years. They are intended to offer to young men and young women of exceptional ability and decided interests the opportunity for advanced study of a high character. The holders will ordinarily be recent graduates of this or of other institutions; but it is hoped that in occasional cases they will be students who have been for some years graduated, and who, whether as teachers or as professional workers, have felt the need of larger opportunities than they have yet enjoyed. And, similarly, it is believed that holders of these fellowships who are preparing themselves for any profession to which the work of the University leads will bring to that profession, in consequence of advanced study and research, a range and grasp in their chosen subjects which will lead them to exceptional use- fulness and success. The Fellows are expected to reside at the University, and to engage in work leading to a higher degree, with the immediate supervision and assistance of the professors concerned in their respective specialties; and, as the most conspicuous members of the student body, and representatives of the most advanced instruction given, they are expected, by high character and high intellectual aims, to exert an influence upon the entire life of the University. The application of the candidate for a fellowship should contain a full statement of the lines of study he intends to carry on, if appointed; and if he has produced any literary or scientific work that could be put in evidence for him, a copy should ac- company his application. Those candidates who are graduates of other colleges or universities than Cornell should submit recommendations from the instructors best acquainted with their ability and attainments in the specialties they desire to pursue. It should be borne in mind by such applicant? that information cannot be too exact or full in the case of students not personally known to the appointing body. The list of ap- s SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLO WSHIPS.122 plicants is large, and the Faculty desires to be aided in every way in making its selections. In exceptional instances, a competitive examination may be resorted to as a means of discriminating among several candidates. The appointments are made in part or wholly at the close of the academic year, shortly before Commencement. The applications should be given or sent to the President or Registrar; and candidates will do well to make such applications in time to enable the Faculty to obtain any additional information that may be desired.

STATE SCHOLARSHIPS. By the Laws of the State of New York, Chapter 585, §9, and Chapter 054, §1, the School Commissioners and city Boards of Education of the State of New York are obliged to hold a competitive examination in each year, in each county or city in the State, for the purpose of selecting scholars for the Free Scholar- ships in Cornell University. For the guidance of students seek- ing to avail themselves of State Scholarships, the following statements are given as the interpretation put upon the statutes by the University: 1. The law thus imposing a duty on the School Commissioners and city Boards of Education is understood to confer a right upon «very student who is qualified to enter the examination and desires to obtain the scholarship, to have such an examination held, and it is believed that any such candidate for the scholarship can enforce his right, if need be, by an appeal to the proper State authorities. 2. Only one examination can be held during the year in any one county or city. 3. This examination ought to be held in the summer, after the close of the public schools for the season, and before the beginning of the fall term of the University. (See section 11.) 4. Of the time and place at which the competitive examination is to be held, due public notice should be given at a reasonable time before the examination is to be held. 5. At the examination it is not necessary that more than one of the Commissioners or of the School Board should be present, though it is highly desirable that a majority of them, when there are more than one, should be present and take part in conducting the examination. s SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLO WSHIPS. 123

6. The laws of the State do not designate the studies in which the applicant shall be examined, nor have the Trustees of the University expressed any opinion on the subject; but it is mani- festly unfair to impose an examination in any study required for admission to a course which only a part of the competitors ex- pect to enter. 7. Persons to be admitted to the examination must have been educated in the academies and public schools of the State, and in the county in which they offer themselves for the competition. 8. It is not understood that the applicants must necessarily be residents of the county in which they seek the scholarship, but only that they should have attended an academy or public school long enough to be entitled to be regarded as having obtained their education, or at least a part of it, in the county. The length of time is not fixed by law. 9. Nor is it regarded as necessary that the applicants shall come from the different Assembly Districts in those counties in which there is more than one such District. And in deciding upon the merits of the competitors and awarding the certificates, no regard need be paid to the Assembly District in which the applicant may have his residence, or may have attended the academy or public school, although the certificate must name the District for which the appointment is made. 10. No student who has once been admitted to the University and received any instruction therein may be admitted to examination as a competitor. 11. Competitors must present themselves for examination either while they are still scholars in academies or high schools, t. e.j while they are still in attendance on such schools, or at the first examination held after their active connection with such school has terminated and be/ore the opening of the next term in the school which they have beefi attending. 12. The certificate of scholarship must in all cases be awarded on the basis of the competitive examination as above described, and not on any examination held otherwise or elsewhere, or on any testimonials obtained from any other source. 13. In all cases of contested or duplicate certificates, the Trustees have decided and instructed their Treasurer to accept the first certificate that is in due form and granted by the proper authorities in the several counties in said State whereby free scholarships are granted to the said University. The University s SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLO WSHIPS. 124 proposes to leave all questions as to the regularity of the pro- ceedings and the rights of the respective parties that may be claimants for the certificate to be adjusted in the county from which the student comes and by the authorities that reside there. 14. In case any student to whom a certificate has been awarded has died, resigned his certificate, or been expelled from the University, a new certificate, stating the facts in the case, may be given by the Commissioners or Board of Education of the county to one of those who were present and competitors at the examination on which the certificate was originally awarded, the preference being always given to competitors in the order of superiority of scholarship. 15. The certificates thus given are good for four years from the time when the examination was held. And in case of a new certificate, as above provided, the certificate will be accepted for only that portion of the four years which remains unexpired. 16. No allowance will be made for absence or non-attendance upon the University in the case of any student holding a certificate of State Scholarship. 17. It will be seen from the above statements that only one examination and only one appointment can be made for any one year for the same District. Hence, if no appointment is made for any one year at the appropriate time during the year, no appointment can be made for that year at any subsequent time. 18. No vacancy that can be filled ever arises from the neglect to appoint or from the non-appointment of a scholar for any District. Vacancies that can be filled can arise only by the ap- pointees having been removed from the University for some cause or other. 19. No appointment can be made from any one county in the State to fill a vacancy in any Assembly District of the State in another county. /

ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICATION.

CONDITIONS OF ADMISSION.

Candidates must be of good moral character and at least sixteen years of age, or, if women, seventeen. Candidates for admission must obtain permits for examination at the Registrar's office, and the results of the examinations may be ascertained from the Registrar.

ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.

\ Examinations in all the subjects required for admission to the University are held three times in the year, as follows: 1. In June, at the end of the spring term; 2. in September, at the beginning of the fall term; 3. in January, at the beginning of the winter term. The days will be found indicated in the calendar. Special examinations of candidates for admission can be held at other times only by permission of the Faculty.

I. THE PRIMARY OR ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.

All candidates for admission, except those provided with certificates or diplomas as specified below, are examined as follows: 1. In English Grammar; Whitney's Essentials of English Grammar is the standard. A short composition is required as a test of the candidate's knowledge of spelling, punctuation, the use of capitals, and elementary English construction. If the candidate prefers, the subject for this composition will be assigned by the examiner from one of the books named below, and the knowledge of the subject matter shown will be duly regarded: In 1886: Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, Scott's Lady of the Lake, Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales, Lowells Vision of Sir Launfal. 125 126 A DM ISSI ON A ND CLA SSIFICA TION\

2. In Geography, political and physical; as much as is contained in Harper's School Geography or in Warren's Common School Geography. 3. In Physiology ; as presented in Martin's Briefer Course, exclusive of the nervous system and the names of bones and muscles. 4. In Arithmetic, including the metric system of weights and measures; as much as is contained in the larger text-books. 5. In Plane Geometry; as much as is contained in the first five books of Chauvenet's Treatise on Elementary Geometry, or in the first five books of Wentworth's Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry, or in the first six books of Newcomb's Elements of Geometry, or in the first six books of Hamblin Smith's Ele- ments of Geometry. 6. In Algebra, through quadratic equations, and including radicals and the theory of exponents; as much as is contained in the first fourteen chapters of Loomis's Treatise on Algebra, or in Olney's Elementary Course in Algebra, or in the first five sections of Robinson's University Algebra, or in the first twenty- six chapters of Hamblin Smith's Elementary Algebra. 7. In June of 1887, and thereafter, Solid Geometry will also be required of all candidates for admission to the courses in Engineer- ing and Architecture. In Arithmetic, and in the fundamental operations of Algebra, such as multiplication and division, the management of brackets, the solving of numerical and literal equations of the first and second degrees, the combining and simplifying of fractions and radicals, the interpretation and use of negative quantities and of 0 and oo, the putting of problems into equations—the student should have distinct notions of the meaning and the reason of all that he does, and be able to state them clearly in his own language ; he should also be able to perform all these operations, even when somewhat complex, with rapidity, accuracy, and neatness; and to solve practical problems readily and completely. In his preparatory study he is advised to solve a great many problems, and to state and explain the reasons for the steps taken. In Geometry he should learn the definitions accurately, whether in the language of the text-book or not, and in proving a theorem or solving a problem he should be able to prove every statement made, and to go back step by step till he rests upon the primary definitions and axioms. He should be able to apply A DM ISSION A ND CLA SSIFICA TION. \ 2 7

the principles of geometry to practical and numerical examples, to construct his diagrams readily with rule and compass, and to find for himself the solutions of simple problems and the demonstrations of simple theorems. Besides oral recitation, he is advised to write out his demonstrations, having equal regard to the matter and to the form of his statements; and when written he should carefully study them to make sure, first, that he has a complete chain of argument, and secondly, that it is so arranged that without defect or redundance one step follows as a logical consequence of another. These examinations are held in the following order: First Day.—9 A. M., Arithmetic; 11 A. M., Geography; 3 P. M., English Grammar. Second Day.—9 A. M., Plane Geometry; 11.30 A. M., Physiol- ogy; 2.30 P. M., Algebra. In place of these examinations certain certificates or diplomas are received, as follows: 1. Certificates issued by the Regents of the University of the State of New York are accepted in place of the examinations in English Grammar, Geography, and Arithmetic. 2. Certificates issued by the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion of the State of New York, and Diplomas issued by the State normal schools, and by those academies and high schools of the State of New York whose requirements for graduation have been approved by the Faculty, and whose course of study requires Physiology and Plane Geometry, are accepted in place of the examinations in all the subjects named above except Algebra. 3. Diplomas issued by the Regents to graduates from the high schools and academies of the State of New York are accepted in place of the examinations in all the subjects named above. Optional students are admitted to the University upon passing the English Entrance or Primary Examinations; and for admission to the courses in Agriculture, Architecture, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanic Arts, only these Primary Examinations are required.

II. EXAMINATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO TIIE OTHER COURSES.

For admission to any other of the regular courses of study, examinations in addition to the Primary or English Entrance Ex- aminations are required, as follows: 128 ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICA TION.

To the Course leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Science or Bach- . elor of Letters: In addition to the Primary Examinations, an examination in any one of the following subjects: L In French, the principles of French Grammar, the translation of French at sight, the translation of English into French, and the equivalent of two of Bocher's modern French plays and Crane and Brun's Tableaux de la Revolution Fran9aise. 2. In German, the whole of Whitney's German Grammar, the translation of German at sight, the translation of English into German, and one hundred pages of Whitney's Reader, including two of the longer prose extracts or an equivalent. 3. In Mathematics, Solid Geometry and Conic Sections, as much as is contained in Newcomb's Elements of Geometry; Advanced Algebra, as much as is contained in Olney's University Algebra, or in Newcomb1 s Algebra; and Trigonometry, Plane and Spherical, as much as is contained in Wheelers Elements of Trigonometry, or in the unstarred portions of Oliver, Wait, and Jones's Treatise on Trigonometry.

To the Two-Year Course Preparatory to the Study of Medicine: In addition to the Primary Examinations, as follows: 1. In Plane Trigonometry. 2. In Latin, four books of Cesar's Com- mentaries or an equivalent, with a good knowledge of the grammar. 3. In Greek, so much as will enable the student to recognize, analyze, and form scientific terms. To the Course leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Philosophy : In addition to the Primary Examinations, as follows: 1. In French, or German, or Mathematics, as above. 2. In Latin, as below. 3. In Grecian and Roman History as below.

To the Course leading to the Degree of Bachelor of A rts: In addition to the Primary Examinations, as follows: 1. In Greek, candidates are expected to have read at least one hundred pages of Attic prose and three books of Homer; they are examined chiefly in translating easy Greek at sight, and in translating English into Greek. 2. In Latin, candidates are examined (1) in the following authors, with questions on subject-matter, constructions, and the formation and inflection of words: Caesar, four books of the Gallic war, Virgil, the Eclogues and six books of the JSneid, with the prosody, Cicero, six Orations, including the four against ADMISSION AND CLASSIF1CA TION. ] 29

Catiline; (2) In the translation at sight of passages of average difficulty from Caesar and Cicero; and (3) in the translation into Latin of a piece of connected English based upon the principles and vocabulary contained in the first forty lessons of Allen's In- troduction to Latin Composition. Teachers who are preparing students in Latin for the University should aim to fit them to be admitted to course 4 (see page 45). The Professor of Latin will be glad to be of assistance, whether by correspondence or by personal interview, to any one who may desire to consult him upon methods of work in teaching the language. The hours after 11 o'clock on Saturday can be counted upon for any en- gagement that may be made by letter. 3. In Grecian and Roman History, and the outlines of ancient geography; Fyffe's Primer of Greece, Creighton's Primer of Rome, and Tozer\s Primer of Classical Geography will indicate the amount and method of study desired. These additional examinations are held on the third day) as follows : Third day.—8 A. M., Solid Geometry; 8 A. M., French; 9 A. M., Greek; 10.30 A. M,, German; 10.30 A. M., Advanced Algebra; 2.30 P. M., Latin; 2.30 P. M., Trigonometry. The examination in Grecian and Roman History is held at 8 A. M. on the second day of the examinations.

SPECIAL STUDENTS. Any person at least twenty-one years of age, and having satisfactory attainments, may be admitted by vote of the Faculty, without examination, as a Special Student, on the recommendation of the professor in charge of any department in which he is to take a large part of his work. Such students cannot be candidates for a degree or a licentiate certificate; and their admission must be renewed every year. Special students in Architecture must be proficient in Algebra, Geometry, and Instrumental Drawing. They will be admitted only at the beginning of the Fall Term, and will take a prescribed, not optional course, for which see page 87. OPTIONAL STUDENTS. Students who do not intend to complete any one of the four- year courses and graduate, are registered as "optional" in one of the four annual classes; but any student who has been regis- 130 ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICA TION. tered as optional will be permitted to register in any one of the regular courses, upon completing the work required for the standing which he proposes to take in that course.

ADMISSION TO ADVANCED STANDING,

I. BY EXAMINATION. On presenting evidence of good character, or, in case he comes from another college or university, a letter of honorable dismissal, a candidate may be admitted to any class at the beginning of any term not later than the first of the senior year, provided he appears, on examination, to be well versed in the following subjects: a. In the studies required for admission to the freshman class of the course which he proposes to enter. But diplomas and certificates will be received for certain of these studies, as stated on page 127. b. In all the studies already required of the class to which admission is sought, or in accepted equivalents therefor. In a subject in which examinations are held only at stated times the candidate may, at the option of the department concerned, be required to wait until the first regularly recurring examination. II. WITHOUT FULL EXAMINATION. Graduates of other colleges and universities, and undergraduates tff such institutions who present letters of honorable dismissal, may be admitted to advanced standing upon such terms as the Faculty may deem equitable in each case, regard being had to the applicant's previous course of study and to the evidences of proficiency exhibited. Any such applicant is advised to correspond directly with the Registrar, forwarding to him a catalogue of the institution in which he is a student, with a careful statement, duly certified, of the studies which he has pursued, and the degree of proficiency attained therein. Every such admission of a student from another college or university shall be considered as provisional; and it shall be final, and the student shall be admitted to full and regular standing only after a residence of one term, and proof at the regular class examinations at the end of that term, that he is able to go on satisfactorily with the class to which he has been thus provi- sionally admitted. Should he be unable to pass these examinations, special examinations may then be held, and he shall take the position and rank to which he may thereby be found entitled. A DM I SSI ON AND CLA SSIFICA TION. \ 31

ADMISSION TO RESIDENT GRADUATE STUDY. Students are admitted to graduate study after having taken & baccalaureate degree in the University, or on presenting the diploma of an equivalent degree conferred elsewhere. They are expected to pursue studies of an advanced character under the direction of a committee of the Faculty. The Library and the museums are open to them, and they are at liberty, with the approval of the committees under whose direction they are working, to attend undergraduate lectures and recitations. 130

RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION.

TERMS AND VACATIONS.

The academic year is divided into three terms, and there are three vacations. Commencement comes on the third Thursday in June. The Fall Term begins on the Tuesday following the thirteenth day of September, and ends on the Friday after the sixteenth day of December, making a term of thirteen weeks and four days. The Winter Term begins on the Tuesday next after the second day of January; except when, in leap year, that Tuesday is the third day of January, in which case it begins on the Tuesday after the third. The Spring vacation extends from the noon of the Friday next after the twenty-third of March to the second Saturday following. The Spring Term begins on the second Saturday after the close of the Winter Term; the instruction begins on the Monday following, and continues until Commencement; making in all thirty-six weeks of term-time in the academic year. The beginning and ending of terms and vacations of each year, and other matters of detail relating to them, may be found in the Calendar.

REGISTRATION EACH TERM.

At the beginning of every term each student must obtain a Certificate of Registration before joining any class or attending . any lectures; and no student, after having once been admitted to the University, will be allowed to register after the close of Reg- istration Day, except on recommendation of the Committee on Absences, or by special permission of the Faculty. 132 \ 37 RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION.

RECORD JOF WORK. At the end of each term, credit is given only for work regularly chosen and recorded in the beginning of that term. EXERCISES OF THE TERM. In the general courses, students of the sophomore year may take from fourteen to eighteen hours; of the junior, from twelve to eighteen; of the senior, from ten to eighteen. But no student will be graduated until he has passed successfully examinations in work which, including all the required work of his course, shall amount to an aggregate of fifteen hours a week during the whole of four years. In the technical courses, the number of hours required each term may be seen in the detailed statements of those courses. In all courses, two hours and a half of laboratory work, and, in the* technical courses, three hours of drafting or shop-work, are regarded as the equivalent of one recitation. The regular examinations in all studies are held at the end of each term. Failure at examination entails forfeiture of position in the class, or exclusion from the course, or, in some cases, from the University. The Course Book affords the student an opportunity of preserving a record of his examinations.

PAYMENTS TO THE UNIVERSITY. The fee for tuition is $25 a term, payable within ten days after registration. A fee of $5, to cover expenses of graduation, degrees, etc., is charged to each person taking the baccalaureate degree. This fee must be paid before the degree is conferred. The fee charged for an advanced degree is $10, and it must in all cases be paid before the degree is conferred. Tuition is free to students with State Scholarships, to resident graduates, and to students pursuing the prescribed course in Agriculture) and intending to complete that course. Every person taking laboratory work in chemistry, physics, zoology, or entomology, must deposit with the Treasurer security for the materials to be used in the laboratory. Supplies in the chemical and physical departments are furnished at New York list prices. Students residing in the University buildings must pay their room-bills one term in advance. All the members of the University are held responsible for any injury done by them to its property. 134 RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION.\ 37

EXPENSES OF RESIDENCE. The following is a fair estimate of the yearly expenses: Tuition, $25 a term, $ 75.00 Room, board, lights, fuel, and laundry, about - - 200.00 Text-books, etc., about 25.00

Total, $300.00 The additional expenses of a student depend so largely upon his personal tastes that it is difficult to give an estimate. The expense of living in Ithaca varies, for board, room, fuel, and lights, from $3 to $7 a week. By the formation of clubs, students may reduce their expenses to $3.00 or $2.50 a week for room and board. The cost for board, rent of furnished room, fuel, and lights at the Sage College, which is exclusively for women, varies from $5 to $6.50 a week. A student occupying alone one of the best rooms pays $6.50 a week. If two occupy such a room together, the price is $5.75. Those occupying less desirable rooms, with two in a room, pay $5 a week each. The entire building is warmed by steam, and, in most cases, the sleeping apartment is separate from the study.

GRADUATION. All the courses leading to the degree of Bachelor and to the coresponding degrees of Civil Engineer and Mechanical Engineer require four years for their completion; and no student is allowed to graduate in less than four years of actual residence (except in case of admission to advanced standing, as elsewhere provided for), without special permission of the Faculty; which permission will not be granted until the applicant has been in the Uni- versity at least one year; nor will it be granted after the first term of the year in which he proposes to graduate.

THE FIRST DEGREES.

IN THE GENERAL COURSES.

The degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Letters, are conferred after the satisfactory completion of the respective courses. Students in the Course in Philosophy who in the last two \ 37 RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION. years elect continuously not less than nine hours of studies in History and Political Science will receive the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in History and Political Science. Students in the Course in Science who in their sophomore year elect Freehand Drawing, Invertebrate and Vertebrate Zool- ogy, and Botany, and who in the last two years elect continuously not less than nine hours in Natural History, and pass an examination before the beginning of the senior year in Latin equivalent to four books of Caesar's Commentaries, and in Greek sufficient to show ability to recognize, analyze, and form scientific technical terms, will receive the degree of Bachelor of Sci- ence in Natural History.

IN THE TECHNICAL COURSES. The degrees of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Bachelor of Science in Architecture, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Bach- elor of Science in Electrical Engineering, and the corresponding degrees of Civil Engineer and Mechanical Engineer, are conferred after the satisfactory completion of the respective courses.

GRADUATION THESIS. Each student, before taking a degree, must submit to the Fac- ulty a satisfactory oration, poem, or essay on some subject in science, literature, or art, and deposit a copy in the Library. A successful thesis written for final honors may, at the student's option, be presented as his thesis for graduation.

ADVANCED DEGREES. Courses of graduate study leading to advanced degrees are provided in the following departments: Ancient Classical Lan- guages and Literatures, Oriental Languages and Literatures, Modern European Languages and Literatures, Comparative Phi- lology, History and Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics, Natural History, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. Candidates for advanced degrees must present themselves for examination in one major and two minor subjects, which must have been determined upon, with the approval of a committee of the Faculty, as early as November 1 of the year in which the degree is expected to be given, if it be the Master's degree, or of the year preceding that in which the degree is expected to be 136 RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION.\ 37 given, if it be the Doctor's degree. The subject of the thesis required must be announced to the Faculty as early as December 1 of the year in which the degree is expected to be given, and the paper in its completed form must be presented as early as May 1. In case of special distinction attained in the thesis and in the final examination by the candidate for the degree of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy, the degree of merit will be indicated in the diploma by one of the terms Cum Laude, Magna cum Laude, Summa cum Laude. In case of special distinction attained in the thesis and in the final examination by the candidate for the degree of Master of Science, Master of Civil or Mechanical Engineering, or Doctor of Science, the degree of merit will be indicated in the diploma by one of the terms With Distinction, With High Distinction, With the Highest Distinction. Candidates for an advanced degree must present their names to the Registrar at least twenty days before Commencement. Successful candidates for the degree of Doctor must print their theses and deposit ten copies in the Library. Successful candidates for the degree of Master must deposit one copy. The special requirements for these degrees will be as follows:

THE DEGREES OF MASTER OF ARTS, OF SCIENCE, OF CIVIL ENGI- NEERING, OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. The degree of Master of Arts or Master of Science is conferred on those who have taken the corresponding baccalaureate degree here, or wherever the requirements for that degree are equal to those of this University, on the following conditions: Graduates of this University who are admitted as candidates must spend at least one year at the University in pursuance of an accepted course of study; or, if not resident, must accomplish an equivalent amount of work. But the degree is not given to non-resident students until three years after the baccalaureate degree has been received. Of candidates who are not graduates of this University, residence is required in all cases. The degree of Master of Science is conferred on graduates in Philosophy on the same conditions as on graduates in Science. The degree of Master of Civil Engineering or Master of Me- chanical Engineering is conferred on candidates who have re- RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION. \ 37 ceived the corresponding first degree, upon presenting a satisfactory thesis and passing the required examinations as above. (1) after one year of resident study, or (2) after two years of professional practice and study.

THE DEGREES OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND DOCTOR OF SCIENCE. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is conferred on graduates of this University, and of other universities and colleges whose requirements for the baccalaureate degree are equal to those of this University, on the following conditions: 1. In order to become a candidate the applicant must have, over and above what is required for graduation in the course in Philosophy, a knowledge of Greek equal to that required for admission to the course in Arts. 2. The candidate must spend at least two years at the Uni- versity pursuing a course of study marked out by the Faculty. 3. He must present a thesis of such a character as shall display power of original and independent investigation, and must pass the requisite examinations. The degree of Doctor of Science is conferred on graduates of this University, and of other universities and colleges whose requirements for the baccalaureate degree are equal to those of this University, on the following conditions: 1. In order to become a candidate the applicant must have: a knowledge of Latin and Greek at least equal to that required for graduation with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Natural History; a knowledge of French and German equal to that required for graduation in Science; a knowledge of mathematics, of science, of literature, and of philosophy equal to that required for graduation in Philosophy. 2. The candidate must spend at least three years, two of them at this University, in the study of three approved subjects within the departments of Chemistry and Physics, Mathematics, and Natural History. 3. He must present a thesis of such a character as shall display power of original and independent investigation, and must pass the requisite examinations. CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

FELLOWS FOR 1885-6.

THE CORNELL FELLOWSHIP. f Seth Eugene Meek, B.S. (Indiana University), Systematic Zoology THE MCGRAW FELLOWSHIP,

Hiram John Messenger, Jr., Lit.B.; Mathematics

THE SAGE FELLOWSHIP, James Benton French, B.C.E., Civil Engineering

THE SCHUYLER FELLOWSHIP, Benjamin Warner Snow, B.S., Physics

THE SIBLEY FELLOWSHIP, Dugald Caleb Jackson, B.S. (Pa. State), Electrical Engineering

THE GOLDWIN SMITH FELLOWSHIP, Harry Falkenau, Lit.B., English Literature

THE PRESIDENT WHITE FELLOWSHIP, Orrin Leslie Elliott, Ph.B., History and Political Science

THE ERASTUS BROOKS FELLOWSHIP, Charles Bundy Wilson, A.B., Modem Languages 138 139 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

OTHER RESIDENT GRADUATES.

Bassett, Norman Chauncey, B.S., Mech. Engineering Worcester Free Institute of Industrial Science. Brodie, Hugh, B.S., Natural History •Cox, William Stakely, B.E., Architecture Alabama State College. Eddy, Sula Sperry, B.S., History and Literature Franklin, Ruth Barker, A.B Greek Philology Smith CoUege. -Gillespie, Albert Dana, B.S., Architecture North Western University. Hammon, William Henry, A.B., A.M., Physics and Mathematics Allegheny College. Humphrey, Henry, A.B., Electrical Engineering Ohio University. Kenney, Eudorus Cataline, B.S., Physics Linthicum, Cadwallader Edwards, A.B., 'Mathematics Yale College. Lundy, Ayres Derby, A.B., Electrical Engineering College of New Jersey. McKee, Isabel Dinwiddie, A.B., Classical Philology Smith College. Martin, Lillie Jane, A.B., Summer School of Entomology Vasear College. Mooney, Margaret Elizabeth, B.S., Mathematics and Literature Moses, Willis Holley, B.S., Literature and Oratory Murphy, Edward Charles, B.S., M.S., Mathematics Petit, Amelie Veronique, Ph.B., Ph.M., Literature and Modern Languages Syraouae University. 140 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Place, Edwin, B.M.E., Electrical Engineering'

Porter, Charles Francis, B.S., History and Political Science Notre Dame University. Robinson, Jennie Justina, A.B., History and Political Science Smith College. Skinner, Joseph John, Ph.B., C.E., Ph.D., Physics Yale College. Smith, Albert William, B.M.E., Mechanical Engineering

Smith, Jeannie Azilla, B.S., History and Political Science

Snyder, William Lincoln, B.S., Chemistry Michigan Agricultural College. Turner, William Savage, B.S., M.S., Electrical Engineering Knox CoUege. White, Benjamin Franklin, Ph.B., Civil Engineering University of North Carolina. 141 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

UNDERGRADUATES.

SCHOLARSHIPS FOR 1884-8.

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS.

THE CORNELL SCHOLARSHIP, Lyman Austin Best, Course in Mathematics. 0 HorneU Free Academy—D. L. Freeborn, A.B., LL.B., Principal.

THE H. B. LORD SCHOLARSHIP, Willard Clark Fisher, Course in Arts

Onondaga Academy—O. W. Sturdevant, A. M.f Principal.

THE MCGRAW SCHOLARSHIP, Alvah Deyo Hasbrouck, Course in Civil Engineering J. R. Leslie, A. M., Private School, Poughkeepsie.

THE SAGE SCHOLARSHIP, Henry Burrowes Lathrop, Course in Arts At home with his father, the Rev. H. D. Lathrop, D.D., Walla Walla, W. T.

THE SIBLEY SCHOLARSHIP, Andrew Spencer, Jr., Course in Hist and Pol. Science Cooperstown Union School—J. G. Wight, A.M., Principal.

THE PRESIDENT WHITE SCHOLARSHIP, George Arlin Ruyter, Course in Philosophy Self Prepared.

SAGE SCHOLARSHIPS FOR WOMEN.

Mary Margaretta Ward well, Course in Architecture Buffalo High School—H. P. Emerson, A.M., Principal. Agnes Adelaide Rogers, Course in Literature Rochester Free Academy—Z. P. Taylor, A.B., Principal. Mary Anna Widman, Course in Philosophy Freeport (111.) High School—A. W. Greene, B.C.E., Principal. 142 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

SCHOLARSHIPS FOR 1885-9.

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS.

THE CORNELL SCHOLARSHIP, Anson Marston, Course in Civil Engineering West Rockford High School, Rockford, 111.—W. W. Stetson, Prinoipal.

THE H. B. LORD SCHOLARSHIP, Frank Downing Russell, Course in Arts Ilion Union School—Addison B. Poland, A.M., Principal.

THE MCGRAW SCHOLARSHIP, Henry Clay Stanclift, Course in History and Political Science Spencer Union School—A. B. Davis, Ph.B., PrincipaL

THE SAGE SCHOLARSHIP, Susan Caroline Strong, Course in Arts Owego Free Academy—H. A. Balcam, Ph.D., PrincipaL

THE SIBLEY SCHOLARSHIP, George Leonard Teeple, Course in Mechanic Arts Academic Department State Normal, Whitewater, Wis.— Miss Kate N. T. Tupper, B.S., Prinoipal.

THE PRESIDENT WHITE SCHOLARSHIP, Frederick Eugene Turneaure, Course in Civil Engineering Freeport (111.) High School—A. W. Greene, B.C.E., Principal.

SAGE SCHOLARSHIPS FOR WOMEN.

Annie Elizabeth Morse, Course in Arts Worcester, Mass., High School—Alfred 8. Roe, A.M., Principal. Lizzie Harwood Boynton, Course in Architecture * Lockport Union Sohool—Asher B. Evans, A.M., Principal. Mila Frances Tupper, Course in Science and Letters State Normal, Whitewater, Wis.—T. B. Pray, A.M., Prinoipal. 143 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

SENIORS.

Austin, Enrlis Raymond, Owa8co, Architecture Baker, Charles Hinckley, Chicago, 111., Civil Engineering Baker, Howard Winfield, Chicago, III., Civil Engineering Barney, William Grant, Ebnira, Science and Letters Barton, Philip Price, Lock Haven, Pa., Hist. & Pol. Sc. Beardsley, Harry Merchant, Elmira, Hist, and Pol. Science Brunk. Thomas Lafayette, Ottawa, IU., Agriculture Cahill, Rose Hannah, Binghamton, Philosophy Calder, John Robb, Alexandria, Pa., Arts

Carolan, Herbert, San Francisco, Cal.} Sc. and Let. Cassidy, Jessie Jane, Brooklyn, Architecture Chapman, Ernest Albert, Groton, Science and Letters Charpiot, Henry Charles, Denver, Col., Science and Let. Coville, Addison Luzerne, Oxford, Natural History Curtis, Annie Neale, Boston, Mass., Sc. and Letters Darlington, William, West Chester, Pa., Mech. Arts Day, William Asher, Wilbraham, Mass., Mech. Arts Doud, Eli Horace, Chicago, III., Hist, and Pol. Sc. Dunham, Andrew Ellsworth, Sauquoit, Science and Let. Dunham, Fredd Hall, Johnsonsburg, Sc. and Letters Dusinberre, George Brown, Geneva, Electrical Engineering Ehle, Boyd, Fort Plain, Civil Engineering El tinge, Maurice Wurts, New Paltz, Science and Letters Emory, Arthur Theodore, Unadilla. Arts Fitts, Fay Martin, Dresserville, Science and Let. French, Eldon Lewis, Housatonic, Mass., Elect. Eng. Gadsby, Herbert Hume, Gilbertsville, Arts Gray, Macomb Byron, Cape Vincent, Science and Let. Harris, Gilbert Dennison, Jamestown, Philosophy Hawley, Abraham Lincoln, Taylor, Civil Engineering Howard, Frank Thurber, Ithaca. Arts Howland, Herbert Slocum, Sherwood, Optional Hugill, William Edgar, Akron, 0., Philosophy Hull, Charles Henry, Ithaca, Hist, and Pol. Science Hyatt, Louis Eugene, Lansingbury, Hist and Pol. Sc. Ingalls, Owen Lovejoy, Peterboro, Civil Engineering 144 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Kittredge, Helen, Boston, Mass., Sc. and Letter! Lima, Elias David Abinun de, New York City, Sc. and Letters Loeser, Abraham, Buffalo, Science and Letters McCann, George, Elmira, Science and Letters Merritt, Ernest George, Indianapolis, Ind., Elect Eng. Meyer, Rachel, Ithaca, Philosophy Nef, John Jacob, Housatonic, Mass., Mech. Arts Nettleton, James Burritt. Medina, 0Architecture Norton, Algernon Sidney, Cortland, Arts Nourse, Sarah Cornelia, Ithaca, Science and Letters Olin, Franklin Walter, Buskirk's Bridge, Civil Eng. Packard, Allyn Augustus, St. Louis, Mo., Architecture Paddock, Anna Maria, Auburn, Literature Patterson, Webster, Wilmington, Del., Mech. Arts Pearce, Otis Ezra, North Hannibal Natural Hist Perkins, Albertus Delos, Little York, Arts Pierce, George Henry, Branchport, Architecture Raichle, Frank Godfrey, Buffalo, Electrical Engineering Ransom, Charles Wellington, Ellenburg, Science and Letters Rider, Ora Putnam, Parish, Philosophy Riley, William Hermon, Wilmington, Del., Mech. Arts Romney, Joseph MacA*uslin, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sc. & Let Runner, Emma Avalyn, Ithaca, Science and Letters Russell, Isaac Howard, Castile, Philosophy Rutledge, Arthur, Rockford, III., Civil Engineering Ryder, Stephen, Carmel, Science Sackett, John Thompson, Brooklyn, Science and Letter Sage, Adolphus Hiram, South New Berlin, Sc. and Let Schlesinger, Mark Mayer, New York City, Sc. $nd Letters Seymour, John Pliny, Ogdensburg, Science and Letters Shepard, Frank William, Medina, 0., Civil Engineering Smith, Eva Anna, West Winfidd, Sc. and Letters Smith, Edward Leroy, Binghamton, Science and Letters Sprague, Danly Darius, Jr., ffolley, Civil Engineering Stoner, Stanley, Griggsville, III, Sc. and Letters Story, Charles Butts, Schultzville, Science and Letters Summers, Henry Elijah, Rochester, Natural History Sweet, Joseph Ferris, Throop, Philosophy Taylor, Hobart Chatfield, Chicago, IIISc. and Letters 145 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Thurber, Charles Herbert, Waterbury, ConnM Philosophy Towl, Forrest Milton, Brooklyn, Civil Engineering Upton, Wallace Lincoln, Clymer, Electrical Engineering Wheeler, Amos, Ithaca, Philosophy White, Charles David, Marion, Natural History White, William Wilson, Dunlap, 77Z., Arts Wightman, Edward Daniel, Mathematics Wing, Charles Benjamin, IT tZfou/ Brook, Civil Engineering Wood, Phoebe Jane, Portville, Science and Letters

JUNIORS.

Allendorf, Elbert James, Poughkeepsie, Philosophy Alvord, Lucy, Johnstown, Arts Barton, Lyman Guy, Willsborough, Mechanic Arts Bellinger, Lyle Fred, llion, Civil Engineering Bodine, Donaldson, Ithaca, Philosophy Boynton, Edward Carlisle, Jr., Newburgh, Mechanic Arts Bristol, Carrie Louise, West Sand Lake, Sc. and Letters Browning, Charles, Jr., Chatham, Mechanic Arts Casey, George Whitman, A uburn, Architecture Chrisman, Francis Leon, ffarrisburg, Pa., Hist. & Pol. Sc. Cohn, Morris, Jr., Cobleskill, Science and Letters Coley, Harrison, A^M; IFoocfofocA:, Sc. and Letters Colnon. Redmond Stephen, Potsdam, Civil Engineering Coray, George Quincy, Provo City, Utah, Optional Cornell, Ezra, Ithaca, Mechanic Arts Co veil, Grant, Springfield, Pa., Mechanic Arts Coville, Frederic Vernon, Oxford, Arts Dennis. John Bartlett, Gardiner, Me., Optional Dibble, Arthur Jackson, Franklin, Optional Dimon, Henry Goldsmith, Jiirrrhead, Civil Engineering Elliott, Klias Leavenworth, Glenora, Chemistry and Physics Elliott, William Swan, }Vellsntle% ()., Electrical Eng. Fisher, George Egbert, TTVster/o, Optional Flint, Rufus, fiivas, Nicaragua, Mech. Arts Franklin, Frank George, Plover, Optional Gifford, Arthur Warner, Z,f7//e £7tfca, Architecture 146 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Gillis, William Davis, Kinsman, 0., Mechanic Arts Goodkind, Martin Henry, New York City, Optional Grant, Arthur Hastings, New York City, Optional Gray, William Emery, Williamsport, Pa., Mech. Arts Greenawalt, William Eckert, Silver Spring, Pa., Civil Eng. Gregor, Frances, Ahnapee, Wis., Science and Let Gunner, Daniel Webster, Schaghticoke, Civil Engineering Hart, Emmet Ellsworth, Little Valley, Civil Engineering Hebard, Fred Whitmore, Angola, History and Pol. Sc. Hebbard, William Sterling, Rochester, Architecture Hedden, Edward, Ithaca, Civil Engineering Himes, Albert James, Oswego, Civil Engineering Hopkinson, Charles William, Cleveland, 0,, Architecture Horr, Charles William, Jr., Wellington, 0., Science and Let. Howell, Jenny Kirk, Painted Post, Literature Jones, Clinton Irving, Oroton, Optional Jones, Sebastian Chatham, Aurora, Electrical Engineering Keating, Langford Spencer, Buffalo, Science and Letters Kelsey, Sidney Eugene, Stockholm Depot, Civil Eng. Kuykendall, Benjamin, Jr., Towanda, Pa., Hist. & Pol. Sc. Lawrence, Theodore Finch, Chester, Civil Engineering Lorber, Lewis James Edward Joseph, Ithaca, Optional Lovell, Herbert Marlow, Ithaca, Arts Maguire, Patrick James, Chateaugay, Architecture Marshall, George Montanye, Towanda, Pa., Philosophy McCargo, Grant, Pittsburgh, Pa., Science & Let. McMurray, Oscar Lincoln, Normal, III, Optional Meehan, John William, Fairport, Civil Engineering Meloy, Fredrika Williams, Portville, Optional Miller, George Congdon, Elmira, Science and Letters Moore, Frank Meredith, Syracuse, Hist, and Pol. Science Moore, Veranus Alva, Parish, ' Natural History Morrison, William Zalmon, Brockwayville, Pa., Optional Newton, Frank Merrick, Homer, Optional Norton, Albert Julius, tftica, Architecture Norton, George Harvey, iftwrf Pembroke, Civil Eng. Otis, Lois Macy, Sherwood, Science and Letters Oviatt, Bordman Lambert, Natural Historv Oviatt, David Brainerd, Shushan, Mechanic Arts 147 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Proctor, Alfred Stainbank, Denver, ColCivil Engineering Rainey, Charles Thomas, Washington, D. C., Elect. Eng. Richards, George Blaekwell, Leavenworth, Kansas, Sc. & Let. Roberts, Perry Buchanan, Ithaca, Science and Letters Romer, William Johnston, Ithaca, History and Pol. Science Russell, James Earl, Hamden, Arts Rutherford, Robert Elmer, Blinghamton, Science and Letters Ryan, Harris Joseph, Halifax, Pa., Electrical Eng. Saal, George Frederick, Cleveland, 0., Optional St, John, Richard Collier, Catharines, Canada, Civ. Eng. Sargent, Erie Hoxsie, Medina, 0., Natural History Selmser, Kate Eveline, Wafer/00, Literature Smith, Harry Ezra, PtAre, Mechanic Arte Smith, Milton, Ellenville,, Hist, and Pol. Science Stedman, John Moore, Brockport, Natural History Sterling, Guy, Gamhier, 0., Civil Engineering Stewart, Neil, jr., ForA:, Civil Engineering Taylor, John Waring, Corinth, Sc. and Letters Thomson, Fred William, Alexandria Bay, Hist. & Pol. Sc. Thomson, John Fuller, Alexandria Bay, Optional Tyler, Edward Gilbert, Ithaca, Optional Vedder, Herman Kiock, AS£ Johnsville, Civil Engineering Warner, Albert Rollin, WeZfon^on, 0., Science and Let. Warner, Hattie Elizabeth, Medina, 0., Optional Weber, George Frederick, Lysander, Science and Letters Wheeler, Fred Russell, Buffalo. Hist, and Pol. Science Wheeler, Metellus Clinton Woodbury, Peoria, /Z£., Mech. Arts White, Horace, Syracuse, Science and Letters Wilbur, Royal Edwards, CarMa^e, Hist, and Pol. Science Wilkinson, Theodore Kirkland, /Syracuse, Chemistry and Physics Williams, Chauncey Grant, Ithaca, Civil Engineering Wright, Ellsworth David, Ithaca, Arts

SOPHOMORES.

Aldrich, Byron Seymour, Por< Byron, Optional Allen, Lucian Crandall, IT 7* /fcs r i7/p, O p t i o n al Anthony, Charles Chapman, Ithaca, Philosophy Barnes, Edward Bradford, Corning, Science and Letters 148 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Barnum, Merritt Wright, Chappaqua, Natural History Barros, Bento de, S. Paulo, Brazil, Agriculture Battin, John Wilson, Albany, History and Pol. Science Beardsley, Jessie May, Ithaca, Architecture Beardsley, Lewis Aurelius, Ithaca, History and Pol. Science Beauchamp, Howard Carter, Baldunnsville, Science and Let Becker, Charton Lansing, Philadelphia, Civil Engineering Benham, Anna Louise, Cortland, Arts Bennett, De Villo Levi, Wellington, 0., Electrical Eng. Benson, Orville, Sharon, Conn., Civil Engineering Berrigan, William Joseph, Sandy Hill, Science and Letters Best, Lyman Austin, Horndlsville, Mathematics Bissell, George Welton, Poughkeepsie, Mechanic Arts Blood, Charles Hazen, Ithaca, History and Pol. Science Bostwick, William Herbert, Ithaca, Science and Letters Boult, Ella Maud, Medina, 0., Optional Brace, James Frederick, Leavenworth, Kansas, Sc. & Let. Brett, Ida Virginia, Albany, Optional Briesen, Julius von, Jr., New York City, Civil Eng. Broadwell, Frank Adoniram, Morrisonville, Civil Engineering Bronson, Hiram Sherman, Marquette, Mich., Science & Let. Brooks, Harry Xiemeyer, Portsmouth, N. H, Mech. Arts Brown, Pierre Marshall, Hempstead, Civil Engineering Brunn, Adeline Eve, Buffalo, Optional Burnett, Archie Collamer, TlafeWoo, Philosophy Chamberlain, Joseph Redington, Kanona, Science and Letters Clancy, John Scott, Hornellsville, Civil Engineering Clock, Fred Leland, Ithaca, Civil Engineering Cole, Byron Gray, Ithaca, Science and Letters Colt, Bertha Xapier, J/ecfrVm, O., Optional Cooling, William Lowrey, Wilmington, Civil Eng. Cox, James Lincoln, Norwich, Optional Crossman, Stephen Henry, Ithaca, Agriculture

Curtis, Charles William, Washington, D. C.} Civil Eng.

Cutter, William Parker, Tras/nm/frw, Z). CM An.Chemistry Dillenbeck, Clark, Palatine Bridge, Civil Eng. Disney, Irvin Porter, Baltimore, Md., Electrical Eng Dix, Charles Billings, Cr/en* .FaWs, Mechanic Arts Dolson, Edward, ifaM, Science and Letters 149 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Donaldson, George, Qilbertsville, Natural History Duffies, Edward John, Markeson, Wis., Civil Eng. Earll, Lottie Irene, Syracuse, Arts Edgerton, Charles Rollin, Little Rock, Ark., Architecture Edwards, James Harvey, Oxford, Civil Engineering Eldredge, Alfred Henry, Watertown, Mechanic Arts Emmons, Charles Morton, Huron, Civil Engineering Epps, Orlo, Oneonta, Optional Entyre, Samuel Longfellow, Oregon, IU., Civil Eng. Farrington, William Sherman, Jacksonville, Civil Engineering Fisher, Henry Wright, Dymond City, N. (Elect. Eng. Fisher, Willard Clark, Westerlo, Arts

Fitch, Winchester, Jefferson, 0.} Optiona. Foster, Lottie, Ithaca, Literature Fowler, Charles Sumner, Oouverneur, Arts France, Gertrude Gladys, S kaneateles, Arts Gilman, Frank Gaylord, Sherburne, Optional Glasser, Charles Harry, Mineville, Mechanic Arts Glover, John Irving, New Orleans, La., Architecture Goetter, Leon Joseph, Montgomery, Ala,, Optional Green, Charles Newton, Batavia, Civil Engineering Groves, Albert Bartleton, Rome, Architecture Hall, Fanny Sarah Crossett, Ithaca, Medical Preparatory Hall, Halliette Deraxa Ellis, Ithaca, Literature Harnant, Irving Louis, Liverpool, Medical Prep. Hampton, Willis Herbert, Dansville, Electrical Engineering Hasbrouck, Alvah Deyo, Highland, Civil Engineering Hegewald, Arthur Frederick, New Albany, Ind., Mech. Arts Heller, David Neish, Elmira, Science and Letters

Henderson, Eliot Middleton, Washington, D. C.} Mech. Arte Hopkins, Jesse James, Churchville, Mechanic Arte Hoyt, George Frederick Gladding, Brooklyn, Civil Engineering Hull, Mary Josephine, Ithaca, Philosophy Ickelheimer, Henry Rubens, New York City, Sc. and Letters Johnson, Ernest Edgar, Avondale, 0Hist, and Pol. So. Jones,--Forest Robert, Sharon, 0Mechanic Arts Jones, Julio, Sacour, U.S. Col., Civil Eng. Jones, William Howell, Ogden City, Utah, Optional Kennedy, Frank Gallop, Oneida, Chemistry and Physics 150 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

King, Warren Phelps, Ithaca, Science and Letters Lathrop, Henry Burrowes, Walla Walla, W. 71, Arts Leonard, James Augustus, Newburgh, Architecture Loornis, Clarence Edward, Oneida, Electrical Engineering Lord. Frank Stone, Mendon, Science and Letters Lougee, Mary Williamina, Boston, MassScience

Roess, Henry Christian, South Oil City, Pa.% Hist&Pol.Sc* Rogers, Agnes Adelaide, Rochester, Literature 151 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Rowlee, Willard Winfield, FVlton, Science and Letters Ruyter, George Arlin, North GrosvenorDale, Phil. Sawyer, William Herbert, Watertown, Science and Letters Schreiner, John Charles, Jr., Alleghany City, Pa., Architecture Schwalbach, Frank, Menosha, Wis., Civil Engineering Scisco, Louis, BaldwinsviUe, Civil Engineering Shannon, Thomas, Bath, Science and Letters Shattuck, George Henry, Jr., Medina, A rch i tec t ure Sheldon, LeRoy Gray, Gouverneur, Agriculture Smith, Adeltus Ervin, Manchester Centre, Sc. and Let. Smith, William Buzard, Columbiana, 0Optional Snow, Julia Warner, La Salle, III., Science and Let. Soull, Albert Lee, New Orleans, La., Sc. and Let. Soul£, Edward Everett, New Orleans, La., Sc. and Let. Spencer, Andrew, Milford, Hist, and Pol. Science Stephens, George Washington, New York City, Mechanic Arts^ Sternberger, Edwin. New York City, Sc. and Letters Stockbridge, William Morse, Washington, D. C, Science Stratton, William Buck, E Imira, A rch i tect u re Stratton, William Henry, Circleville, 0., Civil Engineering Stuart, Charles Willetts, Skaneateles, Science and Letters Sullivan, John, Fisher's, Civil Engineering Tansey, George Judd, St. Louis, Mo., Optional Taylor, Harry Leonard, Ithaca, Arts Taylor, John Myers, Albany, Civil Engineering Treat, Harry Whitney, Monroe, Wis., Science and Let. Tuttle, Edwin Johns, Wellsboro, Pa., Civil Eng. Vedder, Wellington Romeyn, Leeds, Civil Engineering Wardwell, Mary Margaretta, Buffalo, Architecture Warner, Monroe, Pulaski, Civil Engineering Webster, Milo Freeman, Victor, Agriculture White, Andrew Strong, Syracuse, Science and Letters White, George Reeves, Southampton, Sc. and Letters W id man, Mary Anna, Freeport, III., Philosophy Wilder, Kitty May, Medina. Optional Williams, Otis Lincoln, Ithaca, Mechanic Arts Winters, Charles Sylvester, Binghamton, Arts Wixom, Fred Charles, Star key, Optional Wyckoff, Richard Tuttle, Perry, Science and Letters Yo*t, Florence Lincoln, Hartford, Conn., Sc. and Let. 152 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

FRESHMEN.

Abbott, Minnie De Etta, Parishville, Optional Adam, Robert, Joliet, III., Mechanic Arts Adee, Stephen Forman, Delhi, Optional Adler, Simon Louis, Medina, Science and Letters Ames, George, Portland, Oregon, Optional Ames, George Winthrop, East Dorset, VtCivil Eng. Anderson, John Wendell, Montreal, Canada, Optional Archbold, William Kibbee, Titusville, PaElectrical Eng. Ashley, George Hall, Rochester, Elect. Engineering Bailey, Stephen Dana, Ithaca, Science and Letters Balch, Allen Christopher, Greenwich, Elect. Engineering Baldwin, Walter Hull, Waverly, Mechanic Arts Banks, Nathan, Roslyn, Civil Engineering . Bardol, Frank Valentine Erhart, Buffalo, Civil Engineering Bariglit, Herbert Edwin, Poughkeepsie, Science and Let. Barrett, Henry Endson, Owego, Electrical Engineering Bates, Eads, Dardenne, J/o., An. Chemistry Bates, Kalherine, Dardenne, J/o., Science and Let. Battershall, Fletcher Williams, Albany, Electrical Engineering Beadle, Chauncey Delos, Catharine's, Canada, Optional Beecher, Leonard Thurlow, TreZ&vtZfe, Hist, and Pol. Science Bennett, Edwin Howard, Bayonne, iV. «/., Mech. Arts Bensley, Charles Smith, Nichols, Civil Engineering Besemer, Howard Burhanse, Ithaca, Philosophy Bliss, John Carleton, Ithaca, Science and Letters Blood, Bryant Harmon, Ludlow, Pa., Elect. Eng. Boileau, Helen, ParfA, Science Bosworth, Walter Marsh, Grinnell, Iowa, Elect. Eng. Boynton, Lizzie Harwood, Lockport, Architecture Brasser, Jacob, iia^ Williamson, Optional Breckinridge, Arthur Gates, Binghamton, Elect. Engineering Brewer, Isaac Curtis, tfandusfa/, 0., Civil Engineering Brown, Anna Louisa, Marathon, Science and Letters Brown, Edmund Fowler, Marathon, Science and Letters Burtt, Hugh Tinnen, Ithaca, Mechanic Arts 153 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Bynner, William Bancroft, Brooklyn, Architecture Casey, Fred Bellinger, Mohawk, Optional Cation, Alexander, Eugene, III., Optional Chamberlain, William Henry, Kanona, Agriculture Chamberlin, Jessie Cora, Waco, Texas, Optional Chapin, Edward Hall, Rochester, Optional Chapin, John Jewett, Philadelphia, Pa., Mech. Arts Chickering, Edward Otis, Catskill, Civil Engineering Church, Edgar Damon, East Saginaw, Mich., Elect. Eng. Clark, Charles Jay, Kanona, Hist, and Pol. Science Clark, William Franklin, Pembroke, Science and Letters Clute, Charles Anthon, West Milton, Elect. Engineering Cobb, William Metzgar, Spring Mills, Agriculture Cole, Roy Nail, Newnan, Georgia, Science Coleman, Edson Nathaniel, North Lansing, Optional Collins, Charles Wakeley, ' Greenwich, Civil Engineering Cone, Alice, Hornelhville, Science and Letters Cornell, Frank Cuthbert, Jr., Ithaca, Agriculture Cowles, Elizabeth Cornelia, Brooklyn, Optional Crane, Albert Sears, Addison, Civil Engineering Crane, Floyd Holden, Addison, Science and Letters Crittenden, Fred King, Ithaca, Civil Engineering Crossman, George Seth, Brushton, Agriculture Crouch, Leonard Callender, Kingston, Hist, and Pol. Science Crouse, Henry Prentiss, Utica. Science and Letters Cummings, Elmore David, Creekside, Ind., Civil Eng. Curtis, Arthur Mills, Danby, Architecture Danforth, George Flavel, Jamestown, Philosophy Davis, Charles Stratton, Smithville, Civil Engineering Dean, William Fairchild, Seymour, Ct., Elect. Engineering Den by, Wythe, Evansville, Ind., Civil Eng. Denis, Jules Louis, New Orleans, La., Sc. and Let. « De Vaney, George, McLean, Optional Devendorf, Irvin Snell, St. Johnsville, Science and Let. Dickinson, Charles Hotchkiss, Bingham ton, Agriculture Dickinson, Mellville Day, Seward, Medical Preparatory Dodge, Ira Grant, Waverly, Optional Dodgson, Frank Lemont, Batavia, Civil Engineering Dollar, William MeBroom, Heuvelton, Mechanic Arts 154 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Dowling, Daniel Francis, Brooklyn, Science and Letters Dowling, Joseph Lyman, Brooklyn, Mechanic Arts Downs, Arthur Lockwood, Mattituek, Agriculture Drown, John Hurd, Washington, D. C., Philosophy Durland, Frederick Lovejoy, Elmira,, Science and Letters Eustis, Clifford Morton, New Orleans, La., Sc. and Let Ewing, John Jackson, Huntington, Ind., Elect. Eng. Fielder, Frank Sydney, Dansville, Philosophy Fielder, George Lincoln, Geneseo, Philosophy Fish, Pierre Augustine, Chatham, Medical Preparatory Fisher, Elbert Curtis, Scranton, Pa., Mechanic Arts Gaar, Jonas, Richmond, Ind., Optional Oalbreath, Louis Hutchison, Ashmore, III, Optional Gilbert, William Henry, Maysburg, Mo., Civil Eng. G-oetter, Sidney, Montgomery, Ala., An.Cbemistry Goodwin, William Grant, Ithaca, Optional Gorsline, Ralph Henry, Rochester, Science and Letters Hadley, Ida Belle, Pulaski, Optional Hall, Lorenzo Thomas, Wyanett, III., Mechanic Arts Hargreaves, Fred Welles, Wappingers Falls, Sc. and Let Harty, Minnie Delphine, Hornellsville, Science and Let. Havens, Charles Harrison, Benton Centre, Agriculture Hayford, John Fillmore, Rouse's Point, Civil Engineering Haywood, Albert East Glenville, Architecture Heller.* Michel Burtf, Elmira, Science and Letters Herrick, John James, Staatsburg, Mechanic Arts Hersey, Theodore, Montreal, Canada, Mech. Arts Hesse, Henry Albert, Washington, D. C., Mech. Arts Holbrook, Ernest Martin, Ithaca, Civil Engineering JETollister, Jennie, Ithaca, Optional Hopkins, Grant, Westfield, Optional Hough, Abraham Lincoln, Lowville, Science and Letters Houghton, Collins, Carthage, Civil Engineering Howe, Henry Townley, Genoa, Agriculture Hyde, Lulu Eloise, Ithaca, Science and Letters Ingalls, Elmer Brown, Fond du Lac, llw., Optional Ingham, John Cyrus, Camptown, Pa., Optional Iwasaki, Seikichi, Tokio, Japan, Chem. and Physics Jessel, Henry, Buffalo, An. Chemistry 155 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Jewett, Frank Howard, Tonkers, Mechanic Arts Jones, Claude, Tyrone, Pa., Science & Letters Kammann, Will Theodore, Dubuque, Iowa, Elect. Eng. Kelsey, Earl John, Hammond, Optional Kennedy, Henry Robert, Bridgeton, N. J.} Civil Eng. Kerr, John Lawyer, Franklin, Mechanic Arts Knapp, Frank Wilson, Etna, Mathematics Kramer, Charles Albert, Suspension Bridge, Mech. Arts Lain, William Kinne, Monticello, Medical Preparatory Langley, Gertrude Woodard, Marion, Ohio, Science & Letters Lawrence, Antoinette, Ithaca, Philosophy Lee. Clarence Herbert, Pawnee City, Neb., Elect. Eng. Lefevre, George Woolsey, New Paltz, Optional Leonard, Luman Walter, Spring Mills, Agriculture Lindquist, Joseph Alexander, Jamestown, Arts Loeser, Nathan, Buffalo, Science and Letters Lorber, Frederic Auguste, Ithaca, Optional Lyon, Philip Schuyler, Ithaca, Mechanic Arts McDowell, James Henry, Canton, 0., Civil Engineering McFarland, Frank, Buffalo, Optional Mack, Horace, 2d, Ithaca, Science and Letters Mallery, Clarence Stanly, Middleburgh, Civil Engineering Mantz, Charles, Lodi, Civil Engineering Marston, Anson, 7ZZ., Civil Eng. Mashek, Vojta Frank, Kewaunee, Wis., Arts Mason, Carlisle, Jr., Chicago, 7ZZ., Mechanic Arts

Melchert, Carlos, & Paulo, Brazil} Agriculture Merritt, Louis, Lockport, Mechanic Arts Millholen, Herbert Eugene. Black Creek, Hist, and Pol. Sc. Moitinho, Fernando, de Janeiro, Brazil, Civil Eng. Moody, Robert Orton, Buffalo, Natural History Moore, Harry Kneen, Moscow, Idaho, Science and Let. Morehouse, Herbert Harrison, Brooklyn, Electrical Engineering Morgan, William Peters, Brockport, Optional

Morse, Anne Elizabeth, Worcester, Mass.} Arts Morse, Edmund Henry, Canandaigua, Philosophy Mowat, Oliver Mowat, Stratford, Canada, Mech. Arts Murphy, Charles Robert, Decatur, ///., Elect. Engineering Newman, Edwin Rodney, Ithaca, Optional 156 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Nichols, John Taylor, Battle Creekf AfichSc. and Let. Norton, Wadsworth Washburn, Syracuse, Science and Letters Ogden, Henry Neely, Portland, MeCivil Eng. Ogliastri, Victor Manuel, Bucaramenga, U. S. Col., Civ.Eng. Oppenheim, Howard Ames, Albany, Hist, and Pol. Science Otis. Mary Amy, Sherwood, Science and Letters Padgham, Frank William, Syracuse, Mechanic Arts Page, Erford Lydell, Whitney's Point, Optional

Page, Murray Esek, Hornellsville. % Optional Parker, James Southworth, Great Barrington, Mass., M. Arts Parker, Lee Hamilton, Ithaca, Electrical Engineering Parshall, Charles Henry, Middlefield, Arts • Parsons, Charles Lathrop, Hawkinsville, Ga., An. Chemistry Parsons, Julius, Sharon Centre, Sc. and Letters Pattison, Jere, Freeport, III., Civil Engineering Peck, Guy Watkins, Towanda, Pa., Civil Eng. Peet, Earl Silas, Farmersville, An. < hemistry Penney, George Brayton, Ottawa, III, I'hilosophy Penney, Edith Mabel, Ottawa, III., Optional Pratt, John Hahn, Manchester, Optional Pratt, Henry Valentine, Prattsburgh, Science and Letters Price, Clifton, Ithaca, Optional Psotta, Louis Frederic, Philadelphia, Pa., Optional Rackemann, William Frederic, Lenox, Mass., Agriculture Rae, William, Toronto, Canada, Architecture Reed, William Ebenezer, Manchester,Vt, Mechanic Arts Rhoads, Joseph Graffins, Williamsport, Pa., Optional Rice, Luther Vinton, Ladoga, Ind., Civil Engineering Riggs, Herman Clarence, Rochester, N. Y., Med. Prep. Bobbins, Harry Eugene, Pittsfield, Mass., Mech. Arts Roess, Gustav Frederic, Oil City, Pa., Civil Engineering Root, Edward, Oneida, Mechanic Arts Rosegrant, Clark Ames, Lisbon, Hist, and Pol Science Rumsey, Eugene Aertsin, Salem, N. J., Elect. Engineering Russell, Frank Downing, I lion, Arts Sawyer, Benton Mansfield, Dickson, Tenn., Civil Eng. Scaife, James Verner, Alleghany City, Pa., Science Scott, Claude Rufus, Wellsville, Elect Engineering Seeber, De Elton Van Camp, Perch River, Science and Letters 155 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

Shanahan, Edward James, Syracuse, Philosophy Sharpe, William Vernon, Walworth, Agricul tu re Shepard, George Chapman, Medina, 0Mechanic Arts Sherwood, Bertha Marion, Sand Beach, Mich., Sc. and Let. Shinaman, Charles Edward, Marshville, Science and Letters Simpson, Peter Brennan, Newport, R. I., Optional Smith, Charles Mortimer, Byron, Mathematics Smith, Charles Melvin Woodruff, Cortland, Mechanic Arts Smith, Hoxie Wilber, Bath, Agriculture Smith, Thomas Horace, Colchester, Ct., Elect. Eng. Snyder, Harry, Herkimer, Science and Letters Stanclift. Henry Clay, Spencer, Hist, and Pol. Science Stern, Leon, Rochester, Architecture Sternberg, Robert Eldredge, Seward, Science and Letters Stewart, Clinton Brown, ^4nc/ior, III., Civil Engineering Stone, James Stoddard, Charlotte, Civil Engineering Strong, Susan Caroline, Owego, Arts Swain, Harold, Indianapolis, Ind., Sc. and Let. Tanner, Edward James, Wematc, Agriculture Tarbell, Ed, North Lansing, Agriculture Tayloe, John Caldwell Rainey, Pine Bush, Hist, and Pol. Sc. Teeple, George Leonard, Whitewater, Wis., Mech. Arts Thistlethwaite, Charles Jeremiah, Macedon, Science and Letters Thompson, Ebenezer Francis, Titusville, Pa., Medical Prep. Tobey, William Boardman, Great Barrington, Mass., M. Arts Treman, Charles Edward, Ithaca, Science and Letters Tupper, Mila Frances, Sioux Falls, D. T., Sc. and Let. Turneaure, Frederick Eugene, Freeport, III., Civil Eng. Ulrich, Russell, Hyde Park, III, Optional Upp, John Winter, Sandusky* 0., Mechanic Arts Van Alstyne, Pierre Lee, Sandusky, 0., Science A: Letters Van Etten, Nathan Bristol, Port IJervis, S e i e n ce Vreeland, Charles Musk, Jersey City, N. J, Merh. Arts Wade, Frank Edward, Buffalo, Hist, and Pol. Science Wakeman, Bertis Rupert, IIr> rnrl Is i • ill r, Agriculture Washburn, Albert Henry, Middlehnro, Mass., Ilist. & Pol.Sc. Washburn, Frank Luce, Brooklyn, Natural H istory Welty, Cullen Frank, Canton, O., Med. Preparatory

West brook. Edward Standish f)gdenshurg% Elect. Engineering 1 oS CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS.

White, William Alanson, Brooklyn, Natural History Whyte, Fred Methvin, Malone, Mechanic Arts Wilkinson, John, Syracuse, Philosophy Williams, Harry Hathaway, Sodus, Optional Wilner, Merton Merriman, Portage, Optional Woodward, Jabez Milton, Lockport, Science and Letters Wright, Mary Elousia. Ithaca, Literature Wyckoff, Edward Guild, Ithaca, Science and Letters Zeh, Charles Edwin, Berne, Science and Letters

SPECIAL STUDENTS.

Anderson, William Carroll, Brunswick, Ga., Architecture Brock way, George Washington A uburn, Mechanic Arts Chapin, Charles Henry, Antrim, N. H., Rhet. & Gen. Lit. Collamer, Madge Amor, Balhton, German and Drafting Elting, Philip, Highland, Chemistry Engs. Mary Mein, Newport, R. I., Ger. & Eng. Lit. Esser, Herman Joseph, Madison, Wis., Architecture Farmer, Myron Gardner, Gouverneur, Architecture Hammond, Eugene Hubert, Kingston, Mass., Architecture Hanlon. Marquis, Coshocton, 0., Mechanic Arts Heriot, John Charles Alison, Georgeville, Canada, Architecture Hippely Edward, Erie, Pa., Mechanic Arte Houghton, Mary Elizabeth, Worcester, Mass., Lit. and Hist Ihlcler, Johann Friedrich, Bremerhaven, Ger., Elect, Eng. Ittner, William Butts, St. Louis, Mo., Architecture Laird, Warren Powers, St. Paul, Minn., Architecture • Mulford, Anna Isabella, Orange, N. J., Entomology (Summer School) Scadden, Thomas, Rosewarn Gwinear, England, Electrical Engineering Tenny, Henry Allen, Worcester, Mass., Hist. & Pol. Sc. Tucker, Hannah Arabella, North Brookfield, Mass., Literature and History Vogel, Albert Frederick, Milwaukee, 117s., A rch i t ec tu re Whitaker, Sarah Elizabeth, Frederica, Del.. Lit. and Hist CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS. 159

SUMMARY OF RESIDENT STUDENTS.

RESIDENT GRADUATES, including FELLOWS, ... 34 Seniors, 84 Juniors, 97 Sophomores, 162 Freshmen, 239 Special Students, 22 Total Undergraduates, 604

Total in the University 638 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL COMMENCE MENT.

JUNK 18, 1885.

L THESES OF CANDIDATES FOR A BACCALAUREATE DEGREE.

THESES PRESENTED TO THE PUBLIC.

Oration—Gambetta and the Third French Republic, JAMES MCCALL, Bath Dissertation—Walt Whitman and the Poetry of the Future, HARRY FALKENAU, Chicago, IU. Essay—The Influence of Queen Elizabeth and Queen Vic- toria, CHARLOTTE SMITH, Smith's Mills Oration—Abraham Lincoln as an Orator, FREDERICK DOUGLAS CUMMINOS, Tully .Essay—Modem Opera in its Relation to the Greek Lyr- ical Drama, GEORGE BARLOW PENNY, Haverstraw Oration—Idealism in Literary Invention, FRANCIS MADISON LARNED. Chicago, TH The Woodford Prize Oration^-William H. Seward's Place among American Statesmen, STODDARD MORE STEVENS, Rome

THESES RECEIVING HONORABLE MENTION.

Observations on the Development, Structure, and Al- ternate Generations of a Species of Freeh-water Alga of the Order Lemaneaceae, GEORGE FRANCIS ATKINSON, Monroe, Mich. The Conservation of Energy, ARAO FERREIRA DE AVILA, San Paulo, Bruxil 160 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 161

A Century of European Architecture from 950 to 1050, A. D., FREDERICK STAPLES BENEDICT, Brockpori Edgar Allen Poe as a Romancer, CHAUNCEY HOWARD BICKFORD, Belleville How to Supply Plant Food, ARTHUR MINIER BREED, Big Flats The Insula (of the Brain) in Man, and some other An- imals, FRED MARTIN CHAPPELL, Montezuma Valve Mechanism, WILMER CHURCH, High Falls Structure of the Enteron of Corydalus Cornutus, ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, Ithaca Cobden and the Anti-Corn-Law Agitation, ORRIN LESLIE ELLIOTT, Centreville Lighthouses, BERTRAND HAND FISHER, Wellington, 0. The Determination of the Stresses in the Niagara Canti- lever Bridge, JAMES BENTON FRENCH, New Hartford Theory of Projectiles in a Resisting Medium, ROLLIN ARTHUR HARRIS, Jamestown A Study of Microsphsera ; including American forms which have never before been figured, MARTHA MERRY, Phoenix • An Investigation of the Cabin John Arch, Washington Aqueduct, ALFRED MITTON MOSSCROP, Brooklyn The Photometry of Arc Lights, BENJAMIN WARNER SNOW, La Salle, III. The Separation of Church and State in the United States, CHARLES EARL SNYDER, Herkimer

II. THESES OF CANDIDATES FOR ADVANCED

DEGREES.

In Geology—Observations on the Geological Formations in Cen- tre County, Pa. ADDISON LUTHER EWINO, B. S. In the Ancient Languages — An Examination of the Grammars of Harkness, Allen and Greenough, Gildersleeve, and Roby, in their Treatment of the Subjunctive Mood, KITTY AUGUSTA GAGE, A. B. [Boston Univ.] In Metallurgy—The Education of Mining Engineers in Germany, ALBERT GEORGE CHARLES HAIIN, B. A. In Mathematics—Mechanical Quadratures, EDWARD CHARLES MURPHY, B. C. E. SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 162

In Agricultural Chemistry—Milk Albuminoids and Butter Fat, SAMUEL WILSON PARR, B. S. [Ill Univ.] In Modern Literature*— Evolution of the Idea of the Nether World, ADALINE ELDRED PRENTISS, M. D., B. S. In Classical Philology—De Rheso Tragoedia, JOHN CAREW ROLFE, A. B. [Harvard], A. M. In Mechanical Engineering—The Manufacture of Cotton Seed Oil, ERWJN WILLIAM THOMPSON, B. M. E. In the Classical Languages and Literatures—A Comparison of Hadley and Allen's Greek Grammar with Goodwin's, LEWIS HENRY TUTHILL, A. B. In Classical Philology—De A. Persi Flacci genere dicendi, ANDREW CURTIS WHITE, A. B. [Hamilton]. In Electrical Engineering—The Heating of Aerial Conductors by Electric Currents, JAMES GILBERT WHITE, A. B. [Penn. State Univ.]

III. PRIZES AWARDED.

THE WOODFORD PRIZE IN ORATORY.

To STODDARD MORE STEVENS,

THE HORACE K. WHITE PRIZES IN VETERINARY SCIENCE.

The first to CHARLES DAVID WHITE The second to ARTHUR MINIER BREED

THE SIBLEY PRIZES IN MECHANIC ARTS.

The first to . . HARRY EZRA SMITH The second to . . METELLUS CLINTON WOODBURY WHEELER The third to GRANT COVELL

IV. HONORS.

HONORS FOR GENERAL EXCELLENCE.

FREDERICK STAPLES BENEDICT, JAMES BENTON FRENCH, BURTON ELLSWORTH BENNETT, ROLLIV ARTHUR HARRIS, CHAUNCEY HOWARD BICKFORD, CASIMIRO EI/GENIO AMOROSO LIMA, ARTHUR MINIER BREED, JAMES MCCALL, WILMER CHURCH, ALFRED MITTON MOSSCROP, ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, CHARLOTTE SMITH, CLARENCE EVERETT DOOLHTLK, JEANNIE AZILLA SMITH, ORRIN LESLIE ELLIOTT, BENJAMIN WARNER SNOW, BERTRAND HAND FISHER, CHARLES EARL SNYDER, SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 163

SPECIAL FINAL HONORS.

ROLLIN ARTHUR HARRIS, Mathematics.

SPECIAL MID-COURSE HONORS.

CHARLES HERBERT THURBER, German.

V. DEGREES CONFERRED.

BACHELORS OF ARTS.

BOWEN, ANNA CORNELIA, MCCALL, JAMES, BICKFOFD, CHAUNCET HOWARD, OLMSTED, HENRY COLLIER, HOUGH, ELIDA CROFOOT, SMITH, WILBUR HAZLETON.

BACHELORS OF LITERATURE.

CORSER, MARY ELWOOD, SEELEY, FLORENCE "CORINNE, FALKENAU, HARRY, WILLARD, JULIA ETTA. LARNED, FRANCIS MADISON,

BACHELORS OF PHILOSOPHY. In Philosophy.

ATKINSON, GEORGE FRANCIS, HARRIS, ROLLIN ARTHUR, BLISS, RUSSELL JOSEPH, SMITH, CHARLOTTE.

In History and Political Science.

ELLIOTT, ORRIN LESLIE, VAN VRANKEN, GEORGE WILLIAMSON. STEVENS, STODDARD MORE,

BACHELORS OF SCIENCE.

In Science and Letters.

BAKER, EDWARD EVERETT, GILLETTE, HENRY TAFT, BENNETT, BURTON ELLSWORTH, GOOD, ARTHUR CARROLL, BOSTWICK, EDWARD HERMON, HARTZELL, ALBERT ANKENY, BRODIE, HUGH, MERRY, MARTHA, BROOKS, EDGAR GERSON, MOONEY, MARGARET ELIZABETH, BULL, Jr., JOHN, PENNY, GEORGE BARLOW, CLOCK, CORA MAY, SMITH, JEANNIE AZILLA, CUMMINGS, FREDERICK DOUGLAS, SNYDER, CHARLES EARL, DEARSTYNE, FLORENCE EVELYN, VAN SICKLE, JOHN.

In Chemistry and Physics.

SNOW, BENJAMIN WARNER. SEVENTEENTH ANNUALCOMMENCEMENT .162

In Natural History.

CHAPPELL, FRED MARTIN, WHALET, JAMES Hioonrs. COMSTOCK, ANNA BOTSFORD,

In Electrical Engineering.

AVILA, ARAO FERREIRA DE, LAIN, DAVID EMMET, DOOLITTLE, CLARENCE EVERETT, WESTON, WILLIAM HEICRY.

BACHELOR OF VETERINARY SCIENCE.

KILBORNE, FRED LUCIUS (Agr. B.)

BACHELORS OF AGRICULTURE.

BREED, ARTHUR MINIER, LIMA, CASIMIRO EUGENIO AMOROSO.

BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE.

BENEDICT, FREDERICK STAPLES, FAY, FREDERICK WILLIS (A. B.)

BACHELORS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.

COOPER, EDGAR HOWLAND, KELLEY, CHARLES LESTER, CURTIS, CHARLES ELBERT, MOSSCROP, ALFRED MITTON, FISHER, BERTRAND HAND, POWELL, GEORGE WILSON, FRENCH, JAMES BENTON, SMITH, WILLIAM CHARLES. . HALBERT, HENRY DANIEL,

BACHELORS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

CHURCH, WILMER, STOWELL, WILLIAM MIX. SMITH, CHARLES HENRY,

MASTERS OF SCIENCE.

EWING, ADDISON LUTHER, B. S., HAHN, ALBERT GEORGE CHARLES, Agr. B., MURPHY, EDWARD CHARLES, B. C. E., PARR, SAMUEL WILSON, B. S. (Univ. 111.), PRENTISS, ADALINE ELDRED, M. D., B. S.

MASTERS OF ARTS.

GAGE, KITTY AUGUSTA, A.B. (Boston Univ.) TUTHILL, LEWIS HENRY, A. B.

DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY.

ROLFE, JOHN CAREW, A. B. (Harvard), A. M., WHITE, ANDREW CURTIS, A. B., (Hamilton), WHITE, JAMES GILBERT, A. B. (Pa. State Univ.). SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 165

CERTIFICATES. In Shopwork and Mechanical Draughting.

CoiMBRA, ANASTACIO RODRIGUK8 DE AQUINO.

In Entomology and Zoology.

TURNER, HENRY WARD.

In the Medical Preparatory Course.

JENKINS, RALPH, OVIATT, BOARDMAN LAMBERT.

In Military Science.

BAKER, EDWARD EVERETT, MCCALL, JAMES. BOSTWICK, EDWARD HERMON, STEVENS, STODDARD MORE, FISHER, BERTRAND HAND, VAN SIOKLE, JOHN. HARTZELL, ALBERT ANKENY, ASSOCIATE ALUMNI.

By the Charter of the University the graduates are entitled to elect one of tlie Board of Trustees each year. At a meeting called for the purpose, and held on Wednesday, June2Gth, 1872, the day preceding the Annual Commencement, representatives of all the classes that had graduated being present, the following organization was effected.

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION ADOPTED JUNE 26, 1872,

AMENDED JUNE, 1873. • r:' , * I. The Alumni of Cornell University hereby constitute themselves an association to be known by the name of the Associate Alumni of Cornell University. II. The object of this association is declared to be to promote in every proper way the interest of the University, and to foster among the graduates a sentiment of regard for each other, and attachment to their Alma Mater. III. All graduates of this University who, by their diplomas, are entitled electors of the University, are members of this association. All members of the Faculty of this University are hon- orary members of this association. IV. The officers of this association shall consist of a president, and one vice-president from each graduating class, a corresponding secretary, a recording secretary and treasurer. V. This association shall meet annually on the day preceding Commencement, at ten o'clock in the forenoon. VI. Any proposition to alter or amend these articles of association must be made at a regular meeting and have the assent of two-thirds of the members present. By an amendment to the charter of the University, passed May 15, 1883, permitting members of the Alumni not present in person to vote by written ballot at the Annual election of Trust- ees, the Treasurer is required to keep 4( a registry of the signa- 166 ASSOCIATE ALUMNI. 167 ture and address of each alumnus." It is therefore important that each alumnus keep the Treasurer informed of his full address (in cities, street and number) and notify him immediately of any change.

OFFICERS FOR 1885-86. President—John Frankenheimer, 73, New York City. Corresponding Secretary—C. H. Esty, 76, Ithaca. Recording Secretary—G. W. Harris, 73, Ithaca. Treasurer—H. M. Hibbard, 74, Ithaca. Executive Committee—C. H. Esty, G. W. Harris, H. M. Hib- bard, ex officio; W. H. Smith, 73; J. T. Newman, 75. Trustee elected, 1885—G. R. Van De Water, 74.

OFFICERS OF LOCAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS.

NEW YORK CITY ASSOCIATION. President—Eugene Frayer. Recording Secretary—L. M. Fulton. Corresponding Secretary—J. D. Messner, 60 Cedar Street. Treasurer—A. B. Humphrey. Executive Committee—J. Frankenheimer, chairman; L. L. Sea- man, W. E. Lucas, C. Tomkins, H. W. Sackett, C. W. Raymond, R. L. Stanton, W. J. Berry; and E. Frayer, ex officio.

. CENTRAL NEW YORK ASSOCIATION. President—H. S. White, Syracuse. Vice-President—S. F. Belknap, Syracuse. Secretary—C. C. Chase. Syracuse. Treasurer—W. K. Pierce, Syracuse.

WESTERN NEW YORK ASSOCIATION. President—J. S. Butler, Buffalo. Recording Secretary—W. B. Hoyt, Buffalo. Corresponding Secretary—F. M. McMillan, Buffalo. Treasurer—Henry Altman, Buffalo. Executive Committee—D. H. McMillan, H. J. Hurd, E. L. Brady, C. Avery, F. Looney.

ITHACA ASSOCIATION. President— C. E. Van Cleef. Vice-President—William R. Dudley. Secretary—D. F. Van Vleet. 168 ASSOCIATE ALUMNI. Treasurer—Wm. Hazlitt Smith. Members of Executive Committee — Above - named officers, ex officio; Gk W. Harris; J. S. Waterman.

NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION. President—Mary H. Ladd. Vice-President—Emma S. Foster. Secretary and Treasurer — F. W. Proctor, 150 Devonshire Street, Boston. Executive Committee—M. H. Ladd, E. S. Foster, F. W. Proc- tor, R. L. Moore, C. B. Wheelock.

PHILADELPHIA ASSOCIATION. President—Julius Chambers. Recording Secretary—W. C. Russel, jr. Corresponding Secretary—J. L. Knapp. Treasurer—C. Barclay. Executive Committee—C. Barclay, C. Beebe, R. C. Horr, J. M. Dodge; and J. Chambers, ex officio.

NORTH EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATION. President—J. L. Stone, Waverly. Recording Secretary—R. B. Howland, Kingston. Corresponding Secretary—F. L. Brown, Scranton. Executive Committee — J. L. Stone, R. B. Howland, F. L. Brown, Patterson.

WASHINGTON, D. C., ASSOCIATION. President—D. E. Salmon. Secretary and Treasurer—Perry E. Clarke, Room 41, U. S. Patent Office.

CHICAGO ASSOCIATION. President—D. F. Flannery, 504 Chicago Opera House Block. Secretary and Treasurer—C. S. Harmon, 618 First National Bank Building.

MINNESOTA ASSOCIATION. President—R. F. Hurlbut, Minneapolis. Vice-President—A. S. McMillan, Verndale. Secretary—F. M. Catlin, St. Paul. Treasurer—C. T. Mould, St. Paul. Directors—Wm. R. Dobbyn, C. W. Ames, H. C. Drake. EXAMINATION PAPERS

ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.

ARITHMETIC. 1. Define: a unit, a concrete number, an abstract number, a whole number, a fraction, a ratio, a proportion, the cube root of a number. 2. Give the rule for long division, with an example, and the reasoning in full. 3. The population of a certain city in 1871 increased 4 per cent on that of 1810, in 1872 it increased 5 per cent on that of 1871, in 1873 it increased 6 per cent on that of 1872, and amounted to 1389024; find the population in 1870. 4. Find the square root of 3jGive the reasoning in full. 5. Define the metre, the litre, and the gramme. Find how many cubic centimetres there are in a decalitre of water. Find also how many pounds avoirdupois there are in the same water. 6. A lends B $1000, Feb. 12, 1885; B pays $200 March 27, and $50 Dec. 12; find what is due Jan. 18, 1886, at 6 per cent interest. ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 1. Write a complex sentence containing all the parts of speech. 2. Name three methods of distinguishing gender in English, and give an example of each. 3. Write out the plural forms of the following words: echo, folio, grotto, swine, axis, cherub, sheaf, city, spoonful, stratum. 4. Compare the adjectives evil, old, southern, good-natured, little, hollow. 5. Give the principal parts of the verbs bid, cleave, (to split), cast, can, ought, lie and smite. 169 170 EX A MINA TION PAPERS. 6. Define syntax,finite, case, transitive, and antecedent, as used in grammar. 7- Write a sentence containing a direct and an indirect object 8. State the parts of speech that are invariable or indeclinable. 9. What form of expression can be substituted for the posses- sive case ? 10. Write out a complex sentence with a subordinate clause in the present tense, subjunctive mood, underlining the clause. 11. State the characteristic features of verbs of the old conju- gation. 12. Give an example of an impersonal verb. 13. Name the principal classes of derivative adverbs. 14. Justify or correct the following sentences: London is larger than any city in Europe. I intended to have invited you to dinner. Of the two, John is the oldest. Let every one attend to their duty. Every one was dressed alike. 15. Write a composition on one of the following subjects: A Vacation Day, An Outline of General Grant's Life) A Description of your own State, The Puritan and the Genesta.

GEOGRAPHY. 1. Name the divisions of North America, and describe four of its largest rivers. 2. Give the four extreme capes of South America and the divisions from which they project. 3. Describe the largest river of South America and give the latitude of its mouth. What island at its mouth ? 4. Draw an outline of Africa and place the equator properly. 5. Go by water from Liverpool to Calcutta and tell on what bodies of water you would sail. 6. What bodies of water are connected and what bodies of land separated by the straits of Gibraltar, Magellan, Skaggar Rack, Bosphorus, Behring, Malacca, and Dover. 7. Name the chief islands along the east coast of Asia and the great bodies of water included between them and the mainland. 8. What and where is the chief city of the United States, Great Britain, China, Turkey, Brazil, France ? 9. Name and locate the chief mountain ranges of North Amer- ica and Europe. EXAM IN A TION PAPERS. 171

10. Whither do the chief rivers of Asia flow, and why ? 11. Name in their order the states of the United States that border the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, Lake Erie. 12. What is meant by Latitude, Longitude, Tropics?

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, EXCLUSIVE OF THE NERV- OUS SYSTEM. 1. Name the digestive fluids; state by what organ each is produced ; the reaction of each. 2. State what kinds of food each digestive fluid can digest, and in what the digestion consists. 3. Give a diagram of a section of both sides of the heart, with vessels showing how the blood passes from the left to the right side of the heart. 4. Give a diagram of the thorax, showing the position of the ribs and diaphragm after inspiration and after expiration. 5. Give a table showing the difference in composition of inspired and expired air.

PLANE GEOMETRY. 1. Define: a segment of a circle, a sector, a quadrant, a polygon, symmetry with respect to an axis, a proportion. Name the polygons of three sides, four sides, five sides, etc. Draw a regular polygon of four sides, and .all its axes of symmetry. From the proportion a : b=c : d, what proportion can be obtained by alternation ? by inversion ? by composition ? by division ? 2. If two angles have their sides perpendicular each to each, they are either equal or supplementary. 3. Given a circular arc whose centre is not known, show how to complete the circle; and demonstrate. 4. In any triangle the square of the side opposite to an acute angle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides diminished by twice the product of one of these sides into the projection of the other upon that side. The sides of a triangle are 15, 20, and 25 feet long: find the length of the projection of the side 15 upon the side 25, the length of the perpendicular on the side 25 from the opposite angle; and the area of the triangle. 172 EX A MINA TION PAPERS.

5. t Find two straight lines in the ratio of the areas of two given polygons. 6. Of alt triangles having the same base and equal areas, that which is isosceles has the minimum perimeter.

ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA. 1. Define and illustrate by examples: a trinomial, a numerical coefficient, a literal coefficient, an incommensurable number, si- multaneous equations, incompatible equations. Are the equations 3x + 4i/=7, 6x + 8*/ = 13 compatible? Give reasons. If the equations 2x + 5y=a, 6x+15y=6 be compatible, what relation must exist between a and b ?

2. Explain what is meant by ; by af T. Find their product and give fully the reasons for the process. 3. Factor completely the expressions: I2ax + 9ay—8bx— Gby, x6 + 7xf—8, m®—ne, (a + 6)e—(a—b)\ 4. Solve the system of equations X + 2/ + 3Z=6, 2x + 3t/ + 4z=7, 2y + z—3x=17. 5. Eliminate n from the equations 5 = $n(l + a), Z=a+(n—1)6. 6. The perimeter of a rectangular fieid is 2800 yards, and the length of a diagonal path across it i6 1000 yards; find the length and breadth of the field. 7. Explain why 4/— 1 • 4/—1 =—1, and not +1. 1+ V-l Rationalize the denominator of l-y-r /O I "1

Given |/3=1.732, find the value of —- without using division by decimals. SOLID GEOMETRY AND CONIC SECTIONS. 1. Define: similar cylinders of revolution, a plane tangent to a conical surface, a pyramidal surface circumscribed about a conical surface, a spherical pyramid, two symmetrical triedrala. How many triedrals are formed at a point by the same three planes Show that three planes in general meet at a point. What are the four exceptional cases? 2. Through any given point a plane can be passed parallel to any two given straight lines in space. EXAM IN A TION PAPERS. 173

3. Similar polyedrons are to each other as the cubes of their homologous edges. 4. In two polar spherical triangles each angle of one is meas- ured by the supplement of the side lying opposite to it in the other. If a spherical triangle be bi-quadrantal, its polar is also bi- quadrantal 5. Find the locus of a point that moves in space in such a manner that its distances from two fixed points are respectively equal to two given constants. Describe fully the five cases, state in which of them there is no locus, and illustrate by diagrams. 6. In a parabola the foot of the perpendicular dropped from the focus on any tangent to the curve lies on the vertical tangent. Given the vertical tangent and two other tangents to an unknown parabola, the points of contact being also unknown, find, by a simple construction, the focus, directrix, and points of contact. 7. Show how to draw a tangent to an ellipse without using the foci. HIGHER ALGEBRA. 1. If the square of x vary as the cube of y. and if x=2 when y—3, find the equation between x and y. 2. In an arithmetical progression whose first term is 1, last term 50, and sum 204 ; find the number of terms and the common difference. 3. Apply the binomial theorem to find the fifth root of 246, correct to five decimal places. 4. Prove that the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of the factors; and that the logarithm of a quotient is the excess of the logarithm of the dividend above that of the divisor. 5. In a continued fraction whose partial numerators and de- nominators are all positive, show that the convergent* taken in order are alternately greater and less than the true value of the fraction. Find five successive convergents to 0.47712. 6. Prove that if, in the equation ;rn +pxn~l + + + tx + v=0, the coefficients p, yf 1 and the term v denote known quanti- 174 EX A MINA TION PAPERS. ties, and if the value of the function of +pa?~l -f .... -ft; be positive when x=a and negative when x=b ; then between a and b there lie an odd number (one or more) of real roots to the equation. 7. Given the equation xA+ 6x,= 6x* + 49 : plat it; find a commensurable root, and divide out the corresponding factor; find an incommensurable root of the depressed equation correct to three decimal places, and divide out the corresponding factor; find the two remaining roots.

TRIGONOMETRY. 1. Construct the angles: whose sines are whose cosines are whose tangents are 4; whose cotangents are 0. 2. If 0, 0' be any two plane angles, show that cos (0±0')=cos& COS©' ^ sin 0 sin 0'. 3. If ABC be a plane triangle, show how to get its area when the three sides are given. 4. Each of two ships lying a mile apart observes the angle subtended by the other ship and a fort to be, respectively, 56°30/ and 65° 10'; find the distance of each ship from the fort. Prove the correctness of the work. 5. Name the six cases for the solution of the right spherical triangle; and wrrite the formulae, with the check-formula, for the solution of each of them. 6. Solve the oblique spherical triangle ABC; given A=120°, B = 130°, C=80°. i FRENCH.

I. Translate: ADIEUX DE LOUIS A SA FAMILLE. A hvit heures et quelques minutes, Louis demanda a voir sa famille, qu'un des commissaires se chargea d'aller chercher. Je laisse parler Cl6ry: uLe roi me dit: Vous direz a M. de Firmont qu'il ne sorte pas de mon cabinet, je craindrais que sa vue ne fit trop de mal a ma famille." " A huit heures et demie la famille royale arriva, fondant en larmes. Je fermai la porte, qui £tait en vitrage. Le roi s'assit, la reine a sa gauche, Madame Elisabeth a sa droite, Madame 173 EX A MINA TION PAPERS.

Roy ale presque en face et le jeune prince resta debout entre les jambes du roi: tous 6taient penchSs vers lui et le tenaient sou- vent embrass€. Cette scene de douleure £ura sept grands quarts d'heure, pendant lesquels il fut impossible de rien entendre; on voyait seulement qu'apres chaque phrase du roi, les sanglots des princesses redoublaient, duraient quelques minutes, et qu'eusuite le roi recommen9ait & parler; il fut ais£ de juger a leurs mouve- ments que lui-meme venait de leur apprendre sa condamnation. " A dix heures un quart, le roi se leva le premier, et tous le suivirent. J'ouvris la porte; la reine tenait le roi par le bras droit Leurs Majest6s donnaient chacune une main a Monsieur le Dauphin; Madame Royale, a la gauche, tenait le roi embrass6 par le milieu du corps; Madame Elisabeth du meme cot£, mais un peu plus en arriere, avait saisi le bras de son auguste frere. lis firent quelques pas vers la porte d'entree, en poussant les gemisse- ments les plus douloureux: 'Je vous assure, leur dit le roi,' que je vous verrai demain matin a huit heures.—1 Vous nous le pro- mettez?' repeterent-ils tous ensemble,—' Oui, je vous le promets.' —1 Pourquoi pas a sept heures ? ' dit la reine.—' Eh, bien ! oui, a sept heures,' repondit le roi. ' Adieu !'n * * * —Tableaux de la Revolution Frangaise.

Philippe le Bel est veritablement le premier roi moderne, le premier prince qui ait eu sur les droits illimites du pouvoir royal une conviction pleine et entiere; le premier aussi qui se soit com- porte en consequence dans toute occasion ou il se trouvait etre le plus fort. Ce n'est pas peut-etre qu'il fut plus capable, plus intelligent que ses predecesseurs, qu'il eut porte plus loin ses regards dans Tavenir et divine ce qui devait etre, mais un gout violent pour le despotisme, le caractere du tyran lui tinrent lieu de cette divination; et puis il ne sut jamais ce que c'est que la conscience. Louis VIII et Philippe le Hardi etaient des gens scrupuleux (saint Louis surtout), qui se laissaient impressionner par les iddes anciennes, et qui, en face des protestations de la f6odalit6, se demandaient reellement les droits, pretendus par les seigneurs, n^taient pas de vrais droits; jamais Philippe le Bel ne ressentit ce genre d'inquietudcs. II y avait eu au XII siecle une espece de renaissance, apres tant de siecles stdriles; des poetes, des philosophes d'un vrai talent avaient enfin paru; une multitude d'hommes s'etaient mis A. €tudier Vantiquite. Pendant que certains esprits s'eprenaient d'une admiration sans mesure pour la philosophie grecque, d'au- 176 EXAM IN A TION PAPERS. 176 tres 8'enthousiasmaient pour le droit romain. Le droit romain dtait demeur^ le droit des provinces m^ridionales. A l'lpoque dont je parle, le goUt, l'dtude du droit romain se r^pandirent en dehors de ces provinces. Dans les pays r£gis par le droit oou- tumier, les juges, les avocats, les hommes de loi, comparant la diversite, la confusion de leurs coutumes, a la belle unit£ logique du droit romain, furent saisis d'une prevention unanime contre leur droit national et d'un engouemeut sans bornes pour le droit romain. Celui-ci devint a leurs yeux le modele sur lequel ils devaient peu a peu reformer les coutumes. —Petite Histoire du Peuple Francois. Translate: 1. Give those apples to me. No, I cannot give them to you; I promised to send them to my aunt's niece who lives in Paris. 2. I was speaking to you of your brother's illness, but you were not paying any attention to me. 3. At what price will you sell the knives and forks which you bought at Randall's ? I do not know yet, but I think I will sell them for two francs apiece. 4. Here is some good French wine. Will you have some? No, I thank you, I do not wish any;. but I will take a cup of coffee. 5. My country is by far larger than yours, but yours is more peopled. 6. She was a friend of mine; but she will be no longer—I hate her. Why do you dislike her ? Because she did not say the truth about me. 7. Which of your horses have you sold? I sold the red one; he was older than the one you now see before you. 8. To whom will you give these flowers ? To the one I love. 9. The servant by whose hands I received the letter forgot the address. 10. He who speaks ill of others will have few friends. 11. They abandoned to each other the goods, and even the lives, of their enemies. 12. Make haste, boys; wash your hands and dress yourselves. GERMAN. I. Translate: Der Ritter fuhr in seiner Erzahlung fort: "Ich ware mit meinem scheuen Pferde fast gegen Baumstamme und Aeste 177 EX A MINA TION PAPERS.

angerannt; es triefte vor Angst und Erhitzung, und wollte sioh doch noch immer nicht halten lassen. Zuletzt ging es 5 gerade auf einen steinigen Abgrudd los; da kam mir's plotz- lich vor, al8 werfe sich ein langer, weisser Mann dem tollen Hengste quer vor in seinen Weg; der entsetzte sich davor, und stand; ich kriegte ihn wieder in meine Gewalt, und sah nun erst, dass mein Retter kein weisser Mann war, sondern 10 ein silberheller Bach, der sich neben mir von einem Hugel herunterstiirzte, meines Rosses Lauf ungestum kreuzend und hemmend." " Danke, lieber Bach! " rief Undine, in die Handchen klop- fend. Der alte Mann aber sah kopfschiittelnd in tiefem Sin- 15 nen vor sich nieder. "Ich hatte mich noch kaum im Sattel wieder zurecht ge- setzt, und die Ziigel wieder ordentlich recht gefasst," fuhr Huldbrand fort, " so stand auch schon ein wunderliches Mann- lein zu meiner Seite, winzig und hasslich iiber alle Massen, 20 ganz braungelb, und mit einer Nase, die nicht viel kleiner war, als der ganze librige Bursche selbst. Dabei grinste er mit einer recht dummen Hoflichkeit aus dem breit geschlitz- ten Maule hervor, und machte viele tausend Scharrfiisse und Biicklinge gegen mich. Weil mir nun das Possenspiel sehr 25 missbehagte, dankte ich ihm ganz kurz, warf meinen noch immer zitternden Gaul herum, und gedachte, mir ein anderes Abenteuer, oder, dafern ich keines fande, den Heimweg zu suchen, denn die Sonne war wahrend meiner tollen Jagd schon iiber die Mittagsliohe gen Westen gegangen. Da 30 sprang aber der kleine Keri mit einer blitzschnellen Wendung herum, und stand abermals vor meinem Hengste.—"Platz da I" sagt' ich verdriesslich; "das Thier ist wild und rennet dich leichtlioh urn."—"Ei," schnarrte das Kerlchen, und lachte noch entsetzlich viel dummer; "schenket mir doch erst 35 ein Trinkgeld, denn ich habf ja euer Rosselein aufgefangen; lagt ihr doch ohne mich sammt eurem Rosselein in der Stein- kluft da unten ; hu ! n—" Schneide nur keine Gesichter weiter,M sagte ich, ' und nimm dein Geld hin, wenn du auch liigst, denn siehe, der gute Bach dorten hat mich gerettet, 40 nicht aber du, hochst armlicher Wicht.n Und zugleich liess ich ein Goldstiick in seine wunderliche Miitze fallen, die er bcttelnd vor mir abgezogen hatte. Dann trabte ich weiter." 1. Give the principal parts of fuhr—fort (1), angerannt (3), 178 EX A MINA TION PAPERS. wer/e (6), sah (8), missbehagte (25), gedachte (26),f

II. Translate at sight: Ein Franzose ritt eines Tages auf eine Briicke zu, die so schmal war, dass zwei Reiter einander kaum darauf ausweichen konnten. Ein Englander betrat zugleich das entgegengesetzte Ende der- selben, und als beide auf der Mitte waren, wollte keiner dem andern Platz machen. " Ein Englander geht keinem Franzosen aus dem Wege,M sagte der Britte. Der Franzmann erwiederte, "Mein Pferd ist auch ein Englander." Aber der Englander machte sich wenig aus diesem Einfalle sondern sagte, " Ich kann warten; ich habe hier die schonste Gelegenheit die heutige Zei- tung zu lesen, bis es euch gefallt, Platz zu machen." Also zog er kaltbliitig eine Zeitung aus der Tasche, wickelte sie auseinander, und las darin eine Stunde lang, wahrend dass der Franzose eine Pfeife Tabak hervornahm und zu rauchen anfing. Die Sonne neigte sich allmahlig gegen die Berge hinab, und sah nicht aus, als ob sie die Thoren noch lange anschauen wollte. Nach einer Stunde aber, als der Englander fertig war und die Zeitung wieder zusammenlegen wollte, sah er den Franzosen an und sagte, "Nun denn ?" Dieser aber, der nicht auf den Kopf gefallen war, erwiederte, " Seid so gut und gebt mir jetzt das Blatt, welches ihr studirt habt, auch ein wenig. auf dass ich eben- falls darin lesen kann, bis es euch gefallt auszuweichen." Als der Englander die Geduld seines Gegners sah, sagte er, " Wisst ihr was, ich will euch ausweichen/1 und or machte ihm alsobald Platz. EX AM IN A TION PAPERS. \ 7 9

III. Translate into German: THE BROKEN HORSESHOE.1 A peasant went with his son, little Thomas, to the city. "Look," said he on the way 2 to him, "there lies a piece of a horseshoe on the earth; pick it up* and put4 it in thy pocket." "Oh," answered Thomas, "it is not worth the trouble 6 that one should stoop 8 for it." The father answered nothing, took the iron and put it in his pocket. In the next village he sold it to the smith for three cents and bought cherries7 in return.8 There- upon® he continued 10 his way. The heat was very great. One saw far and wide neither house nor forest nor spring. Thomas almost perished 11 with thirst,12 and could only follow his father with difficulty.6 Then he let as if by chance 13 a cherry fall. Thomas picked it up eagerly,14 as if it were gold, and put it quickly in his mouth. Some steps farther the father dropped a second cherry, which Thomas seized 15 with the same greediness.16 This lasted17 until he had picked them all up. When he had eaten the last, the father turned18 to him and said, "Behold, if thou hadst been willing to stop a single time to pick up the horseshoe, thou wouldst not have needed19 to stop a hundred times for the cherries." 1 Hufeisen 6 sich biicken 11 vergehen 10 9 unterwegs 7 Kirsche 12 Durst 17 •aufheben 8 dafiir 13 durch Zufall 18 4 stecken 9 Hierauf 14 gierig 19 notig haben b Miihe 10 fortsetzen 16 ergreifen. LAWN.

TRANSLATION AT SIGHT; GRAMMAR. Translate: Idque ex omnibus partibus ab eo flagitabatur. Concurrebant legati, centuriones, tribuni militum; ne dubitaret proelium committere: omnium esse militum paratissimos animos. Afranianos contra multis rebus sui timoris signa misisse; quod suis non subvenissent; quod de colle non decederent; quod vix equiturn incursus sustinerent; collatisque in unum locum signis conferti, neque ordines neque signa servarent. Quod si iniquitatem loci timeret, datum iri tamen aliquo loco pugnandi facultatem, quod certe inde decendum esset Afranio, nec sine aqua permanere posset. —CAESAR, B. C., I, 71. 180 EX A MINA TION PAPERS.

Write the principal parts of concurrebant, committere, con/erti\ permanere. Inflect the first two in the future indicative and the present subjunctive. Write the synopsis of the second two. Decline the phrases tribuni militum, multis rebus, aliquo loco. Compare certe. Explain the formation of incursus, iniquitatem, facultatem, giving clearly the meaning of each part (prefix, root, formative suffix or suffixes). What is the meaning of the mood of esse, subvenissent, coUaiisf of the case of rebus, suis ? Translate: Duo tamen tempora inciderunt, quibus aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim. Ea velim reprehendas, si potes: unum, ne quinquennii imperium Caesari prorogaret; alterum, ne pateretur ferri, ut absentis eius ratio haberetur. Quorum si utrumvis per- suasissem, in has miserias numquam incidissemus. —CICERO, PHIL., II, 10. Describe the circumstances which brought forth the Philippics, giving dates, if possible.

VIRGIL. Translate: Causando nostros in longum ducis amores: Et nunc omne tibi stratum silet aequor, et omnes, Aspice, ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae. Hinc adeo media est nobis via: namque sepulchrum Incipit apparere Bianoris: hie, ubi densas Agricolae stringunt frondes, hie, Moeri, canamus: Hie haedos depone, tamen veniemus in urbem: Aut si, nox pluviam ne colligat ante, veremur, Cantantes licet usque (minus via laedet) eamus. Cantantes ut eamus, ego hoc te fasce levabo.

—ECL. IX, 56-65. Where and when did bucolic poetry originate ? Translate: Vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque suo stant robore vires, Vos agitate fugam. Me si caelicolae voluissent ducere vitam, Has mihi servassent sedes: satis una superque Vidimus excidia, et captae superavimus urbi. EXAM IN A TION PAPERS. 181

Sic, o, sic positum affati discedite corpus. Ipse raanu mortem inveniam: miserebitur hostis, Exuviasque petet: facilis iactura sepulchri est. Iampridem invisus divis et inutilis annos Demoror, ex quo me divum pater atque hominum rex Fulminis afflavit ventis et contigit igni.—AEN. II, 638-650. • What is the subject of the book, and in what way does the first book lead to it ?

CICERO. Sed cur tam diu de uno hoste loquimur, et de eo hoste qui iam fatetur se esse hostem, et quem, quia, quod semper volui, murus interest, non timeo: de his, qui dissimulant, qui Romae remanent, qui nobiscum sunt, nihil dicimus? Quos quidem ego, si ullo modo fieri possit, non tam ulcisci studeo quam sanare sibi ipsos, placare rei publicae; neque id quare fieri non possit, si me audire volent, intellego. —CATIL. II, vin.

Translate: The camp was taken, and those of the Egyptians who did not fall by the sword of the enemy were drowned in the Nile in the attempt1 to escape to the fleet. Immediately after the battle Caesar advanced with his cavalry into the portion of the capital which was occupied by the Egyptians. The enemy received him, and sued for peace; and his troops, when they saw him return as victor, welcomed him with boundless joy. Caesar dealt with the Alexandrines as he had done with the Massiliots. Pointing to their severely 2 devastated 2 city, he exhorted the inhabitants henceforth to cultivate the arts of peace alone. 1 Use dum. 2 Form adjective from ruo and semi.

—ADAPTEO FROM MOMMSEN'S HISTORY OF ROME, BOOK V, CHAP. X.

GREEK. I.

ATTIC PROSE. ' EvreiSev vnoXafiGov 'AyatiiaS 2rv/^cov, artep xal

TCpoS ffiJ.aS. —XENOPHON, Anabasis% III., I, 31. Define enclitic and proclitic, giving examples from the above passage. Give the nom. and gen, sing, of got a and rd£etS, with the rule for the accentuation of those forms. Decline lyGO through all numbers. Compare jusdai.

Give the principal parts of ei8ovy anrfXadav, dvvrjXSoy, eSozSy SvvaifieSa. How is the present of lyavovro formed from the verb stem ? Give the general rule for the accentuation of verbs, and point out some exceptions to it that occur in the above passage. Give the reason for the opt. in oi'xoizo, /SovXevcSaifieSa, 8v- YaiueSa. Recount briefly the events immediately preceding those described in this passage of the Anabasis. Translate (at sight) / 'AyrjdiXaoS roivvv eri ukv ysoS gov ervx* rrjs fiadz- Xeia* • apzi 8i ovroS airov kv rrj apxy> k^rfyyaX^rj fiadiXevS o IlepdGov aSpoiZ>c*)v xal vavzixoY xal tce^oy TtoXv drparev/xa oj? kitl rovS "EXXtfvaS• /HovXevofiEVGoy 8k 7tepl zovrcov AaxESai/Aovicov xal zcoy dv/i/idxoDv, ^AyrjdiXaoS vitidzrjy lav Soodiv avzao zpiaxoYza pikv

27tapriarGovy StdxtXiovS 8k YEo8aôo8EiS (freedmen), eii EâxidxiXiovS 8k zd dvvzayjtia tgoy dvuîax^v, 8iaftyj- dEdSai EiS zrjv 1Adiav xal itEipadEdSai eiprjYtfv notrjdai4 r/ av noXEÊlv fiovXrjzai o fiapfiapoSy adxoXiav (too much to do) avrco napiÊtv drparavEiv ixl rovS "EXXrj- Yat. —XENOPHON, Agesilaus, I, 6. EXAMINA TION PA PEPS. \ 83

II.

COMPOSITION. If King Agesilaus had not crossed over into Asia at that time, the Persians would have made an expedition against the Greeks with a great force of ships and men.

III.

HOMER. Translate :

400 aXXoS SJ aXXcv epe^e Qegov alEiyeveragovy E^xo^evoi Qavarov re cpvyelv xai jligoXov "Apr/oi. atrap o fiovv iepevdev ava% avSpcov 'Aya/iEjxvGOv TtioVCCy 7tEVrOC£VTJpOVy V7t£p/LieV€i KpOVlGOYl •

xixXt)6xEv Si yepovraS apt6rrjaS Ilavaxocicovy

405 Nedropa fiiv itpGoritira xai yISo/iEvr?a avaxra}

avrap S7tetrj Aiavre Svgo xai TvSioS viovy exrov avr' 'OSvtirja, Aii /uf/nv araXavrov. avro/iaroi Se oi t/XBe (iorjv ayaQoS MEveXaoS • XjSee yap xara Ovjliov aSeXcpEov coS iitovEiro.

410 fiovv Si 7tEpi6vr/6avroy xai ovXoxvraS aveXovro• roitiiv <5; Exlxo^svoi jJEre

Zev xvSidrSy jueytdre, XEXaivEcpeiy aiQe'pi vaioovy

pir} 7tpiv iitJ f/eXiov Svvaiy xai liti xvicpaS IXOEiVy icpiv /lie xara itprjvii fiaXiEiv lipidj^oto jieXaGpov

415 aiOaXoEVy 7tpr}6ai Se 7tvpoS Sr/ioio QvpEtpay 1ExropEov Si jxraJVa itepi 6tt/Be66i Sai^ai X

SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATIONS.

ARITHMETIC. 1. Define: sum, addition, subtraction; product, multiplication, division; power, involution, evolution. 2. Make a list of all the prime numbers below 40; and use it to prove that 541 is a prime. Resolve into their prime factors the numbers 1209, 1885, 2457, 2691, 2717; and by means of their prime factors find the greatest common divisor of the five numbers, and the prime factors of their least common multiple. 3. Reduce to simple fractions the complex fractions

H-2J, «

3 4. Reduce f, T T, ^ to circulating decimals, add them, reduce their sum to a common fraction, and test the work by add- ing the original fractions. 5. Reduce 12 tons 8 cwt. 55 lbs. 3 oz. 3} dr. avoirdupois weight to pounds and decimals of a pound ; then reduce to troy weight. 6. Explain the relation between the difference of longitude and the difference of local time, of two places; and show what time it is at Cape of Good Hope (1 ong. 18° 29' E.) when it is noon at San Francisco (l°ng- 122° 25' w.). 7. If b stand for basis of percentage, p for percentage, r for rate per cent, a for amount, write as formulae the relations existing between a, by p, r. 8. If A owe B $1080, due July 5, 1885; 250, u Sept. 15, " 700, " Dec. 10, " 300, 41 March 20, 1886; and if B owe A $500, due Aug. 25, 1885; 400, " Jan. 1, 1886; 350, " June 20, " find the time when the balance due B may be paid without loss to either party; and find the equitable value of that balance if payment be made to-day, the rate of interest being 6 per cent 183 EXAM IN A TION PAPERS.

9. Find the difference between the amount of $1000 for three years at 6 per cent compounded yearly, and at 3 per cent compounded half yearly. 10. Get the square root of 5$ correct to within a twelfth part of a unit. State in detail the steps taken, and give a reason for each 6tep. 11. Find the side to millimetres of a cubical box that contains l\ hectolitres. 12. A Frenchman sells a draft on Paris for 10000 francs in New York at 5.15 francs for $1, and with the proceeds buys a bill of exchange on London at 8| per cent premium; what is the amount of the bill in English currency ?

GEOMETRY. 1. Define: symmetry with respect to an axis, a sector of a circle, an incommensurable ratio, extreme and mean ratio, isoper- imetric figures. 2. The area of a regular inscribed dodecagon is 3 times the square of the radius. 3. To construct a polygon similar to a given polygon and whose area is in a given ratio to that of the given polygon. 4. To divide a line both internally and externally in extreme and mean ratio. 5. To draw four common tangents to two unequal circles that do not touch or intersect. Construct carefully and explain fully. 6. The three medial lines of a triangle meet in a point. 7. Find a point M on a straight line AB such that the sum of its distances from two given points (7, D, situated on the same side of ABy shall be a minimum. 8. What route must a billiard ball M take in order to meet another billiard ball N} after touching the four sides of the table ? 9. Inscribe a regular hexagon in a given equilateral triangle and compare its area with that of the triangle. 10. In every triangle the sum of the medial lines is less than the perimeter of the triangle, and greater than three-fourths of its perimeter. 11. Prove that the radii from the center of the circle circumscribed about a triangle to the angular points of the triangle are respectively perpendicular to the straight lines joining the feet of the perpendiculars from the vertices to the opposite sides. 12. Find a straight line such that the perpendiculars on it from three given points shall be in given ratios to each other. I 186 EXAMINATION PAPERS.

ALGEBRA. 1. If y=x + 3, express x* + \2x%—15zf + 9z—51 in terms of y. 2. Divide a4 + 6< + c'-2aV-2&V-2cV by 6-c-a, and the quotient by c—a—b ; and resolve the second quotient into two factors. Verify the result by grouping the four factors in convenient order and multiplying. 3. Factor each of the following fractions, and reduce their sum to^its simplest form: a a*-(b-cy y-(c-q) c «-(q-&)* (c + aj1 -b*> ( a + b)'2—c2> (6 •+ c/1—a*-

4. Eliminate x} y, 2 from the system of equations

cy + bz=a} az + cx=b, bx+ay=c} box + cay -f abz=be + ca + ab.

5. Reduce ——— - to an equivalent fraction having a rational denominator; and write the corresponding result for V30

4/2— i/3± 4/0' 6. Express as a binomial surd the square root of 1+2a V\ — a\ 7. What is a quadratic equation ? What are its roots ? If x'} x\ be the roots of the equation ax* + bx+c=0, prove that ax*+ bx + c=a(x—x')(x—x"). What are the conditions that x\ x be: (1) real and unequal, (2) real and equal, (3) imagi- nary? What values have the two roots when a approaches zero ; and when a vanishes? 8. Between what values of x is the expression 3s* + 4x—5 negative? Find its minifnum value. 9. Find the four pairs of values of x and y that satisfy the two equations 4xQ—8xy + 3y'=0, y*=5x + ll. 10. Two boys set off from the right angle of a right-triangular field, and run around it in opposite directions, with speeds in the ratio of 13 to 11. They first meet at the middle of the hy- pothenuse, and again 30 yards distant from their starting point Find the sides of the triangle. Show whether this problem has one or two solutions, and why. • 11. Simplify EX A AfIN A TION PAPERS. 187

12. Two couriers C} C9 traveled along the same indefinite straight line at the rate of r, r' miles an hour; the courier C passed a point P on this line h hours before the courier C9 passed another point P\ d miles distant from P. When and where were they together ? Find the general formula of solution; and discuss its particular cases, for example, when they traveled in opposite directions, when in the same direction, when at different rates, when att he same rate, and so on.

LATIN. Translate (at sight) ; Erant sententiae, quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent, quod in huiusmodi militum consiliis otium maxime contrarium esse arbitrarentur; postremo prae- stare dicebant, per virtutem in pugna belli fortunam experiri, quam desertos et circumventos ab suis gravissimum supplicium perpeti. Erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum, ut maiore spatio temporis interiecto militum mentes sanarentur, simul, si quid gravius accidisset, magna multitudine navium et tutius et facilius in Siciliam receptus daretur. CAESAR, B. C., II., 30. About what hour is meant by de tertia vigilia ? Decline magna multitudine navium ; receptus. Give the principal parts (in both voices, if both exist) of censerent, experiri, perpeti, recedendum, accidisset. Write a synopsis of the last two in the third person singular active.

Compare maxime contrarium, gravius, tutius, facilius} and the adjective corresponding to postremo. What is the meaning of the mood and the tense of censerent (occurs twice), arbitrarentur, accidisset t With what meaning is ut used before maiore (in place of what other possible word) ? What determines whether the preposition shall or shall not be used after words of motion in the case of such words as Siciliam t Give as many examples as are necessary to illustrate your statement. Explain the composition of sententiae, vigilia, receptus, giving prefix (if any), root, and suffix or suffixes taken on in the growth of the word, with the meaning of each of these parts. 188 EXAM IN A TION PAPERS. 188

Translate at sight: Sacrarium Cereris est apud Catinenses, eadem religione qua Romae, qua in ceteris louis, qua prope in toto orbe terrarum. In eo sacrario intimo signum fuit Cereris perantiquum, quod viri non raodo cuius modi esset, sed ne esse quidem sciebant: aditus enim in id sacrarium non est viris; sacra per mulieres ac virgines confici solent. Hoc signo noctu clam istius servi ex illo religio- sissimo atque antiquissimo loco sustulerunt.

*»•••»* Eone tu servos ad spoliandum fanum immittere ausus es, quo liberos adire ne orandi quidem causa fas erat ? iisne rebus manus adferre non dubitasti, a quibus etiam oculus cohibere te religio- num iura cogebant? Tametsi ne oculis quidem captus in banc fraudem tam sceleratam ac tam nefariam decidisti: nam id concu- pisti, quod numquam videras, id, inquam, adamasti, quod an tea non aspexeras. Auribus tu tantam cupiditatem concepisti, ut earn non metus, non religio, non deorum vis, non hominum existima- tio contineret. At ex bono viro, credo, audieras et bono auctore. Qui id potes, qui ne ex viro quidem audire potueris? Audisti igitur ex muliere, quoniam id viri nec vidisse neque nosse pote- rant. Qualem porro illam feminam fuisse putatis, iudices ? CICERO, YERR. IV., 99, 101 and 102. Give the principal parts of sustiderunt, ausus es, decidisti. What is the meaning of the case of qua) modi? of the mood of esset, cogebant) potueris ?

Translate into Latin: His friends wished to decide1 the contest} on land, but Cleo- patra insisted that they should fight by sea. Her advice pre- vailed, and. on the 2d of September, Antonius drew up his line of battle. The contest was long and still undecided, when Cleo- patra, who was in the rear of the line of battle, with sixty ships, took 2 advantage2 of a favorable breeze and fled. Antonius saw her flight, and immediately followed her. The battle stilt raged furiously, but before evening the fleet was entirely destroyed, and a few days after the army joined the victor. LEIGHTON'S History of Rome, pp. 358-9. 1 CJse a compound of certo. 2 = making use of. EXAMINATION PAPERS. 180

GREEK. Translate : "Enroop 8 k npiapioio na'iS xal Slot VSvddevS X&pov ukr npooroy SiefierpEoYj avrap enetra xXijpovS kv xvvixf naXXoy eXoyteS, dnnoTEpoi 8?) itpo6dev dqteirj ja'AxsoK eyx°*- Xaoi 8> ffprjtiavroy Beoidi Si dvedxoy' code 8e riS eiitedxev \Axocigqv te Tpoioov te •

ZeC itdzEp, "IStjOey /ueSegdyy xv8i6te> niyidTt! 07t7t0TEpoi rdSe Epya vet7 a/icporepoidiY e'Ot/xey,

toy 6oZ dnocpQifiEYov Svyai 8o/xoy *Ai'SoZ Eidcoy rjfxiY av E a/icp7 tnnoidiY kSvdaro tevx£(X nocXd 8ioS 'AXE$aY8poSy \EXeyt/S nodii r/vxo/ioio. —Iliad, III, 314-329. State where atpEirj is formed, and from what verb, and explain the mood as used here.—Give the Attic form of rfprjdaYTOy and the rule for it.—Explain the meaning of the form EiitEdxEY. Translate : Meyqoy 8k 6 @ETTaXoS 8rjXo kfiovXEro EiYai roiS fxiyidra 8vYa/iEYoi$y iva dStxwY /irj 8i8oitf 8ixr/y. knl 8k to xarEpya^EdOai goy k7tlQv/ioiT/ dVYTOflGOTa TT/Y (VETO 080Y EiYai 81a tov km- opxElY TE xal 7pEv8Ed9ai xal k£anaray to 8k anXovY xal to aXr/QkS kyo/u^E to avro rco r/XiBiop Eivai. drip- yooY 8k

AaiifictYoiy why the optative? Show how this tense is formed from the verb-stem. Show the same of 8i8oirj. Give the deriva- 190 EX A MINA TION PAPERS. tion of (SvvxojxooxaxTjv. Rule for the case of xoS rt\ibiod? Where is xaxeyeXa formed? and from what verb ? Inflect this form.

Translate (at sight) ; Kai yap iv raZS fiaxocii rtoWaxii 6rjXov yiyvexax on xo ye anofoavelv av xi$ ixJ ixexeiav xpano^ievoi xgov Sicoxovxojv * xai aWai ju7/x iav xii xoX/xa itav Ttoieiv xai Xeyeiv.

Translate into Greek: I love not those who are plainly willing to lie and deceive in order to have riches, nor should I wish to become the friend of one who dared to do or say anything and everything for the sake of escaping death. INDEX.

Admission, conditions of, 125. English language and literature- Advanced standing, admission to9 Anglo-Saxon and JEngUsh litera, 130. ture, 53. Agricultural museum, 81. rhetoric and oratory, 55. Agriculture, course in, 85. Entomology, courses in, 70. Algebra, for admission, 126. summer course, 70. Anatomical laboratory, 88. honors in, 117. Archaeology, museum of, 32. museum of, 34. Arithmetic, for admission, 126. Entomological laboratory, 39. Armory, 31. Electrical engineering, 107. Astronomy, course in, 60. course in, 92. Astronomical observatory, 28. graduate course in, 94. Arboriculture, course in, 69. Examinations, entrance, 125., * j jug Architecture, 97. • time of, 127,129. course in, 8 Examination papers, entrance, 169. Architectural collection, 32. scholarship, 184. Associate alumni, 166. Executive committee, 18. Exercises of the term, 133. Blacksmithing, 104. Expenses, M4. Botanical laboratory, 38. Ezra Cornell, statue of, 31. museum, 32. Bridge engineering, course in, 89. Faculty, 12,18. Farm, the university, 44. Calendar, 9. Fellowships, 121. Cascadilla Place, 31. Foundrywork, 104. Catalogue of students, 138. Free tuition, 122. Certificates granted, 165. French, courses in, 51. Chime, university, 28. entrance, 128. Christian association, 16. honors in, 115,116. Clock, university, 28. Commencement programme, 160. Geodetic engineering, course in, 91. Conchology, museum of, 33. Geography, for admission, 126. Courses of study, general, 82. Geological laboratory, 40. Chemical laboratory, 38. Geometry, plane.for admission, 126. museum, 33. solid, for admission, 126. Chemical and physical building, 29. German, entrance, 128. Chemistry, courses in, 65, 87. honors in, 115,116. ) Civil engineering, 99. Germanic languages, courses iu, 49. course* in, 88. Graduate students, 13. J building, 28. Graduate studv, admission to, 131, laboratory, 39. Graduation, 134 ^ special library, 99. Grammar, English, for admission. department, special mu- 125. seums oi, 33. Grecian History, entrance, 129. Greek, courses in, 47. Degrees, advanced, 135. entrance, 128. conferred, 163. honors iu, 115, 117. first, 134. Gymnasium, 31. Drawing, freehand, 100. council, 25. industrial, 95. mechanical, 106. Histological laboratory, 40. 191 192

History and political science, Paleontological laboratory, 40. courses In, 57. Paleontology, museum or, 36. honors in, 115,116. Pattern making, 104. Honors awarded, 162. Payments to tne university, 133. raid-course, 115. Philosophy, moral and intellectual, final, 116. courses in, 56. Horticulture, course in, 69. Physical laboratory, 41. Hydraulic engineering, course in, training, 15. 90. Physics, courses in, 63 Physiology, for admission, 126. Industrial art, course in, 95. Preachers, 26. Instructors and examiners, 22. Prizes awarded, 162. Ironworking, 104. Prizes, Horace K. White, the, 113. Sibley, the, 113. Junior exhibition, the, 113. Woodford, the, 112. Latin, courses in, 45. Railroad engineering, course in, 89. entrance, 128. machinery, 110. honors in, 115,117. machinery, course in, 94. Lecturers and non-resident profes- Record of work, 133. sors, 21. Registration, 132. Library, 42. Religious services, 15. council, 25. Roman history, entrance, 128. Lyceum, Sibley College, 111. Romance languages, courses in, 51. Sage chapel, 30. Magnetic observatory, 41. Sage College, 30. Marine engineering, 109. cost of living in, 134. course in, 93. Sanitary engineering, course in, 90. Mathematics, advanced, entrance, Scholarships and feUowships, 13. 128. Shopwork, 104. courses in, 60. Sibley College, 28,100. honors in, 115,117. museums and collec- McGraw building, 27. tions of, 34. Mechanical drawing, 106. Special faculties, 24. Mechanical engineering and the Special students, 129. mechanic arts, the Sibley col- State scholarships, 122. lege of, 100. State students, 12. Mechanical engineering, depart- Steam engineering, 110. ment of, 101. course in, 94. courses in, —. Student organizations, 16. Mechanical laboratory, 40. instruction in, 103. Terms, 132. Medical preparatory course, 128. Thesis, graduation, 135. entrance to, 96. Trustees, 12,17. Memorial chapel, 30. Tuition, 133. windows, 30. Metallurgy, courses in, 65. Vacations, 132. Mining engineering, 109. Veterinary science, course in, 75. Military science, 7. museum of, 36. courses in, 80. Mineralogy, courses in, 65. White Hail, 27. Morrill Hall, 27. Women, education of, 14. Museum of natural history, council Woodford prize, the, 112. of, 25. Woodworking, 104. Officers of the board of trustees, 17. Zoology, courses in, 70, 71. Optional students, 113,129. general, museum of, 37. Organization and government, 11. invertebrate, museum Oriental languages, courses in, 48. of, 34.