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Education in Jammu and Kashmir Issues and Challenges International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 5 Issue 3, March-April 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 Education in Jammu and Kashmir: Issues and Challenges Tawheed Lateef Rather, Mohd Aamier Malik Research Scholar, Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT How to cite this paper : Tawheed Lateef Education is the main instrument for the development and prosperity of any Rather | Mohd Aamier Malik "Education in nation. It is the process through which the society deliberately transmits its Jammu and Kashmir: Issues and cultural heritage, knowledge, values and skills from one generation to other Challenges" generation. Education plays a key role in the process of social mobility of an Published in individual. Many sociological studies have shown that education is a powerful International Journal factor in bringing about change in society. Education has contributed to the of Trend in Scientific destiny of the societies in each and every area of development. The education Research and system in Jammu and Kashmir is not in a good condition and has become total Development (ijtsrd), failure on the part of authorities, teachers, students and society. The education ISSN: 2456-6470, IJTSRD38734 system is not progressing at a pace when compared to other Indian states. Volume-5 | Issue-3, Faulty education system has created a lot of problems affecting the students April 2021, pp.131-134, URL: and society at large. Against the national literacy rate of 74.04% Jammu and www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38734.pdf Kashmir has a literacy figure of 68.74%.The current paper deals with the historical background of education, present status of education sector in Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Jammu and Kashmir and highlights the problems and challenges of education International Journal of Trend in Scientific in Jammu and Kashmir. The investigator also suggests suitable measures and Research and Development Journal. This recommendations to improve the education system in Jammu and Kashmir. is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of KEYWORDS: Education, Jammu & Kashmir, Status, Issues and Challenges the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION Education is one of the important transformation and always stood great in the intellectual world of times. The effective input for nation building. It is closely related to Jammu and Kashmir had remained for centuries, the home of various aspects of human life and environment. It is the great Sanskrit scholars, one of the best forms of Hinduism, process through which the society deliberately transmits its the shavism, flourished here tremendously. The Hindus and cultural heritage, its accumulated knowledge, values and Muslims had their own systems of education imparted in the skills from one generation to other generation. Education is Partshalas and Maktabs and communicated through sacred the major aspect of development of any society, since if there languages of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian and various is a deficit of educated people then society will stop its vernaculars. During Muslim rule, the Persian and Sanskrit further progress. It is generally seen as the foundation of learning were promoted. Education was imparted in society which brings economic wealth, social prosperity and Maktabs, Madrassas, Khanqas attached with mosques, where political stability. Education has contributed to the destiny of Persian and Arabic were taught and Patshalas attached to the societies in each and every area of development. Thus, it temples where Sanskrit was taught. In the later part of the is considered as a powerful instrument to bring any type of nineteenth century, Christian missionaries were high on change. The Education system in Jammu and Kashmir is not spreading the teachings of Christianity through English in a good condition and has become total failure on the part education. They started establishing missionary schools of authorities, teachers, students and society. The Education across the sub continent. In 1880, expanding their mission to system is not progressing at a pace when compared to other the Kashmir valley, Tyndale Biscoe school, named after Cecil Indian states. Faulty Education system has created a lot of Tyndale Biscoe (1863-1949) was established in Srinagar. problems affecting the students and society at large. Against This boy’s school was the first modern education imparting the national literacy rate of 74.04%, Jammu and Kashmir has school in Kashmir. Later, in 1912, another similar school was a literacy figure of 68.74%. established for girls. This school was named Mallinson Girls School, named after Ms. Fitze Mallinson. Both these schools Historical background of Education in Jammu and had and continue to have their affiliations with Church Kashmir Mission Society. This set up a precedent for other socio- Jammu and Kashmir is believed to be paradise on earth, not religious organizations to follow the trend and establish for its natural beauty only but also for being meeting ground their educational centre’s and schools to promote their cause of various cultures. The intellectual development has been via modern education. the part of life of people of Jammu and Kashmir since time immemorial. Kashmir has been originator of Mahayana Under Dogras, particularly under Galub Singh and his Buddhism and is known for its contribution to shavist successor Maharaja Hari Singh, education status dropped philosophy. The people from Kalhan to Lal Ded and from down to the lowest in the recent centuries. Gulab Singh’s son Jonaraja to Rasool Mir- the john Keats of Kashmir have Maharaja Ranbir singh showed significant interest in @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38734 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 131 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 education. He was the first Dogra ruler who took interest in the national literacy rate of 74.04%, Jammu and Kashmir has the education of the state. He established some Pathshalas a literacy figure of 68.74%. In the national educational and regular schools. In early 1860s first state school was scenario, J&K is subsumed as educationally backward with opened in Jammu and another similar school was opened in reference to the established indices namely, literacy rate, Srinagar in 1874. Maharaja Ranbir singh established the first teacher-pupil ratio, drop-out rate and the absorption pattern press “ Vidya Vikas” in Jammu and Kashmir for the purpose of the educated persons. The government of India has of translating books into Sanskrit for Hindu scholars. identified 374 districts as educationally backward out of Maharaja Ranbir Singh contributed more towards school which 11 districts are in Jammu and Kashmir. The situation education but his successor Maharaja Pratap Singh gave of education in J&K is witnessing decline. In a survey much importance towards higher education. ‘Prince of Wales conducted by Annual status of Education report (ASER) it College’ in Jammu and ‘Annie Besant College’ in Srinagar was revealed that there was a decline in enrolment of 3.8% came into existence in 1905 under his rule. He appointed a percent among all male students up to 10 th standard. As per committee under the chairmanship of Mr. M Sharp, the then the (ASER) report 2020, “in academic year 2018, a total of education commissioner of Government of India, in 1916. 64.7 percent females were enrolled in government schools The committee made some important recommendations up to class 9 th and above while in 2020 only 61.3 percent regarding higher education. The need for educational female students were enrolled”. The government has taken reorganization was felt in the state after independence. In many initiatives to improve the quality of education and to 1950 education reorganization committee came into increase the literacy rate in Jammu and Kashmir. The existence with Mr. A.A. Kazmini, Director of Education its following schemes have been to implemented to enhance the Chairman. This committee recommended free education at quality of education and increase the accessibility of the all levels. On the recommendation of this committee two students: colleges for women were started, one at Jammu and the 1. Mid-day Meal other at Srinagar. After 1947 there was some improvement 2. Shagun Shiksha in the education sector. The political emancipation of Jammu 3. Inclusive education of the Disabled at secondary stage and Kashmir and the equal distribution of resources lead to (IEDSS). the development of education. Jammu and Kashmir 4. Diksha constitution made right to education as basic human right 5. Scheme for providing Quality Education in Madrasa and education was made compulsory for all and was made (Spqem). free at the elementary level that lead to schooling of much Table No. 01 : District-wise Literacy Rate of Jammu & number of youth. Kashmir -2011 Status of Education in Jammu and Kashmir Districts Males Females Total Education in Jammu and Kashmir is free up to university Kupwara 77.10 54.79 66.92 stage. The literacy rate of Jammu and Kashmir as per census Baramulla 77.35 55.01 66.93 of 2011 is 67.16%, out of this the percentage of male literacy Srinagar 78.01 63.47 71.21 is 76.75% and female literacy is 56.43% (Census 2011). The Budgam 68.18 46.60 57.98 schools of Jammu and Kashmir are affiliated to Jammu and Pulwama 75.41 53.81 65.00 Kashmir board of School education and Central Board of Anantang 74.13 54.15 64.32 Secondary Education (CBSE). The education in Kashmir up to Leh(Ladakh) 89.39 64.52 80.48 secondary level is the responsibility of Jammu and Kashmir Kargil 86.73 58.05 74.49 board of school education and CBSE, whereas Department of Doda 80,36 50.34 65.97 Higher education has the responsibility of Higher education.
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