DOCSLIB.ORG

Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace Guidelines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

WHO/HPR/OCH 96.1 Distr.: General Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace Guidelines Volume 1 World Health Organization Geneva 1996 Contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Layout of the cover page Tuula Solasaari-Pekki Technical editing Suvi Lehtinen This publication has been published with the support of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. ISBN 951-802-158-9 Geneva 1996 This document is not a formal publication Ce document n'est pas une publication of­ of the World Health Organization (WHO), ficielle de !'Organisation mondiale de la and all rights are reserved by the Organiza­ Sante (OMS) et tous !es droits y afferents tion. The document may, however, be sont reserves par !'Organisation. S'il peut freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and etre commente, resume, reproduit OU translated, in part or in whole, but not for traduit, partiellement ou en totalite, ii ne sale nor for use in conjunction with com­ saurait cependant l'etre pour Ia vente ou a mercial purposes. des fins commerciales. The views expressed in documents by Les opinions exprimees dans Jes documents named authors are solely the responsibility par des auteurs cites nommement n'enga­ of those authors. gent que Iesdits auteurs. Preface Biological monitoring of chemical exposure in the workplace has become increasingly important in the assessment of health risk as an integral part of the overall occupational health and safety strategy. This activity requires accurate sampling and analysis with correct interpretation of results. Therefore, in 1992, the WHO Office of Occupational Health, in collaboration with the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), set up a global project entitled "Methods and Quality Assurance of Biological Monitor­ ing of Chemical Exposure". The objective of this project was to provide occupational health professionals in member states with reference principles and methods for deter­ mination of biomarkers of exposure with emphasis on promoting appropriate use of biological monitoring and assisting in quality assurance. This monograph represents the first outcome of the above-mentioned project. It is a guideline for biological monitoring of exposure to selected metals, solvents, pesticides and other chemicals. All available information for selected chemicals has been assessed and validated. A selection of individual chemicals has been made, using criteria related to the fre­ quency of use, toxicity, routes of absorption, availability of info1111ation on human me­ tabolism, relationship between exposure and biomarker and existence of Occupational Biological Reference Values (OBRV), which were developed by the Planning Meeting held in Kyoto, Japan, in October 1992. Contributions made by Dr P. Hoet (Chapter 1), Dr A Aitio (Chapter 2), Dr K.H. Schal­ ler (Chapter 3), Dr A Bernard (Chapter 3), Professor M. Ikeda (Chapter 4), Dr L.K. Lowry (Chapters 4 and 6), Dr D. Gompertz (Chapter 5) and Dr R.D. Verschoyle (Chapter 5) are highly acknowledged and appreciated, as well as the efforts of Professor Fengsheng He in the role of Project Manager. All chapters have been reviewed at the WHO Meeting on Guidelines on Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace, Geneva, 16-18 November 1993, with participation from leading experts in this field as well as other organizations concerned (see list of participants). Technical editing was completed by Mrs A. Wright who is kindly acknowledged. During project development and its implementation, WHO received technical coopera­ tion from the International Labour Office (ILO), United Nations Environment Pro­ gramme (UNEP), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), International Council of Metals and the Environment (ICME), Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NIPERA), Cadmium Association, Eurometaux (European Metal Association), \Vho are thankfully acknowl­ edged. 11 Biological monitoring is an important tool in the prevention of occupational diseases related to those exposed to chemicals on a regular basis, particularly when multi-route exposure (inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion) or abnormal exposure takes place. However, it should be stressed that, in order to evaluate workplace conditions on a con­ tinuous basis, emphasis should be placed on environmental monitoring, complemented by biological monitoring. In recommending the use of biological monitoring for practice and research purposes, reference should be made to the obligations of occupational health professionals, de­ fined by the International Code of Ethics, in relation to the protection of confidentiality of health data. Implementation of this first project component, Volume 1, (which will subsequently be followed by Volumes 2, 3 and 4) became possible due to the technical and financial contribution of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), USA (Programme of Action on Workers' Health Project U60/CCU008636-01 and U60/CCU008636-02), and the European Commission (DG V - Public Health and Safety at Work Directorate). Both are kindly acknowledged. For publishing this book, financial support was also provided by the International Council of Metals and the Envi­ ronment, the Japan Chemical Industry Association, Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, which is appreciated and acknowledged. Dr M.I. Mikheev Chief Medical Officer Office of Occupational Health World Health Organization 111 LIST OF AUTHORS Chapter 1 Dr P. Hoet, Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Catholic University ofLouvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30.54, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium Phone: + 322 764 32 20; Fax: + 322 764 32 28: e-mail: [email protected] The Annex at the end of the volume has been prepared by Dr. Hoet. Chapter 2 Dr A. Aitio, Director, Biornonitoring Laboratory, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, FIN-00370 Helsinki. Finland Phone:+ 358-0 474 78 50; Fax:+ 3580 556 157 (area code will be 9 after 12 October 1996); e-mail: [email protected] Chapter3 Dr K.H. Schaller, Institute and Out-patient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Schillerstrasse 25 u.29, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany Phone: + 49 9131 852 312; Fax: + 49 9131 852 317 Section 3.1.9 Dr A. Bernard, Catholic University ofLouvain, Unit oflndustrial Toxicology -3.1.11 and Occupational Medicine, 30.54 Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs B-1200 Brussels. Belgium Phone:+ 322 764 3220; Fax: + 322 764 3228 Chapter 4 Professor M. Ikeda, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Nishinikyo­ Kitatsuboicho, Nagakyo-ku, Kyoto 604, Japan Phone:+ 81 75 823 0533; Fax:+ 81 75 802 0038 Section 4.1 Dr L.K. Lowry, Biological t"vfonitoring Resources, 6817 Oak Street, Kansas and 4.3 City, Missouri, 64113-2476, USA Phone: 7 1816444 1626, Fax: + 1 816 444 1626 Chapter 5 Dr D. Gompertz, InstJtute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (Address for corresponde1~ce: 17 Oakmere Lane, Potters Bar, Hens, E)!6 5LS. United Kingdom) Phone:+ 44 121 4'.4 6030; Fax: -!- 44 121 471 5208 Section 5.1.8 Dr R.D. Verschoyle, ~ledical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, P .0. Box 13 8, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE 1 9HN, United Kingdom Phone:+ 44 116 252 5597; Fax:+ 44 116 252 5616 Chapter 6 Dr L.K. Lowry, Biological i\lonitoring Resources, 6817 Oak Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64113-2476, USA Phone:+ 1 816 444 1626. Fax: + l 816 444 1626 IV MEETING ON "GUIDELINES ON BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE" (VOLUME 1) Geneva, 16-18 November 1993 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS (a) Temporary Advisers (1) Dr Antero Aitio, Director, Biomonitoring Laboratory, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, FIN-00370 Helsinki, Finland Phone:+ 3580 474 78 50; Fax:+ 3580 556 157 (2) Dr P.O. Droz, Institute for Occupational Health Services, University of Lausanne, 19 rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland (Also representing the Biological Exposure Indices Committee, ACGIH) Phone: +4121313 2131; Fax: +4121313 21 20 (3) Dr David Gompertz, Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (Address for correspondence: 17 Oakmere Lane, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 5LS, United Kingdom Phone:+ 44 707 657 351; Fax: + 44 707 660 273 (4) Dr P. Hoet, Unite de Toxicologie Industrielle et Medecine du Travail, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30.54, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium Phone: + 322 764 32 20; Fax: + 322 764 32 28 (5) Professor Masayuki Ikeda, Department of Public Health, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-01, Japan Phone:+ 81 75 753 4460; Fax:+ 81 75 753 4466 (6) Dr L.K. Lowry, Senior Advisor, Exposure Assessment, Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 641 lO, USA Phone:+ 1 816 753 7600, Ext.1539; Fax: + l 816 753 5359 (7) Professor T. Popov, Head, Department of Toxicology, National Centre of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Boulevard D. Nestorov 15, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria Phone: + 3592 597 044; Fax: + 3592 597 044 (8) Dr K.H. Schaller, Institute and Out-patient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Schillerstrasse 25 u.29, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany (Unable to attend) Phone: + 49 9131 852 312; Fax: + 49 9131 852 317 (9) Mrs Anne Wright, Acting Deputy Director, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene
Recommended publications
  • Job Hazard Analysis

    Job Hazard Analysis

    Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories Guidelines developed by the Hazards Identification and Evaluation Task Force of the American Chemical Society’s Committee on Chemical Safety Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society Table of Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 5 Task Force Members ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION ..................................................................................................................... 7 2. DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 7 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION ................................................................................... 10 4. ESTABLISHING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................... 14 5. CHOOSING AND USING A TECHNIQUE FROM THIS GUIDE ................................................................. 17 6. CHANGE CONTROL .............................................................................................................................. 19 7. ASSESSING
  • The International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week: a Progress Report on Achievement of the Business Plan Indicator, 2013–2017

    The International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week: a Progress Report on Achievement of the Business Plan Indicator, 2013–2017

    The International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week: A progress report on achievement of the Business Plan indicator, 2013–2017 1. Introduction The Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint (Lead Paint Alliance) is a voluntary collaborative partnership working to focus and catalyse the efforts of a diverse range of stakeholders to achieve international goals to prevent children’s exposure to lead from paint and to minimize occupational exposures to lead paint. It was established in response to resolution II/4/B adopted by the second session of the International Conference on Chemicals Management in 2009. The Alliance is a joint undertaking of United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) and the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2012 the Lead Paint Alliance finalized its business plan1, which provides a road map describing the strategies, milestones and means of achieving the goals and overall objective of the Alliance. Section VII of the plan identifies a number of performance indicators for evaluating the achievements of the business plan. One of these indicators relates to awareness-raising about the risks of lead paint: • Performance indicator: Number of countries with national awareness activities about the risks of lead paint ▪ Milestone targets: o 2013 – 5 countries with national awareness days for prevention of lead poisoning with an emphasis on the risks of lead paint. o 2015 – 10 countries with national awareness days for prevention of lead poisoning with an emphasis on the risks of lead paint. o 2020 – 40 countries with
  • Cem-Seal-SDS Sheet

    Cem-Seal-SDS Sheet

    Cem-Seal ICP Building Solutions Group/Pli-Dek Version No: 1.2 Issue Date: 10/26/2020 Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements Print Date: 10/26/2020 S.GHS.USA.EN SECTION 1 Identification Product Identifier Product name Cem-Seal Synonyms Not Available Other means of identification Not Available Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Relevant identified uses Specialty floor coating Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party Registered company name ICP Building Solutions Group/Pli-Dek Address 4565 W. Watkins Street Phoenix AZ Not applicable Telephone 623-435-2277 Fax Not Available Website www.ICPGROUP.com Email Not Available Emergency phone number Association / Organisation ChemTel Emergency telephone 1-800-255-3924 numbers Other emergency telephone 1-813-248-0585 numbers SECTION 2 Hazard(s) identification Classification of the substance or mixture NFPA 704 diamond Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of this SDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond. Blue = Health Red = Fire Yellow = Reactivity White = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances) Classification Acute Aquatic Hazard Category 3 Label elements Hazard pictogram(s) Not Applicable Signal word Not Applicable Hazard statement(s) H402 Harmful to aquatic life. Hazard(s) not otherwise classified Not Applicable Precautionary statement(s) General P101 If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. P102 Keep out of reach of children. Page 1 continued... Version No: 1.2 Page 2 of 8 Issue Date: 10/26/2020 Cem-Seal Print Date: 10/26/2020 Precautionary statement(s) Prevention P273 Avoid release to the environment.
  • The Application of the Iodine - Azide Reaction in Thin-Layer Chromatography Studies of Pesticide Preparations

    The Application of the Iodine - Azide Reaction in Thin-Layer Chromatography Studies of Pesticide Preparations

    THE APPLICATION OF THE IODINE - AZIDE REACTION IN THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDIES OF PESTICIDE PREPARATIONS By T. CSEHHATI* and F.OHSI Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Budapest Received October 3, 1981 Presented by Prof. Dr. R. LASZTITY Introduction With chemicals bcing uscd in wider and wider areas for plant protection, toxicologieal and ecological aspects become increasingly important. The formulation analysis of pesticides cannot be limitcd nowadays to the selective determination of the active agent: the identification and quantitative determi­ nation of impurities is becoming equally significant. The process is of particular importance with phosphoric ester derivatives, since they are more ore less toxic to human beings. Gas chromatographic analysis (GC) of these active agents has been developed many years ago [1]. However, the technique could not supplant thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [2] for the following reasons: a) thermally unstable phosphoric ester derivatives cannot be analyzed by GC; b) if flame ionization detectors are used, one cannot state whether the peaks indicating impurities correspond to presumably toxic side products of the active agents, or to othcr, non-toxic components of the formulation; c) a substantial part of the decomposition products formed in hydrolysis or oxidation proccsses are non-volatile. Consequently, GC methods can only be used when combined with additional processes to yield volatile products; d) the TLC technique, using non-destructive, selective detection processes, allows to isolate, in a much simpler manner as ~ompared to traditional GC, volatile and non-volatile organic phosphoric ester derivatives in amounts in the order of milligrams for further studies of structure identification and toxic properties.
  • Used at Rocky Flats

    Used at Rocky Flats

    . TASK 1 REPORT (Rl) IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS AND RADIONUCLIDES USED AT ROCKY FLATS I PROJECT BACKGROUND ChemRisk is conducting a Rocky Flats Toxicologic Review and Dose Reconstruction study for The Colorado Department of Health. The two year study will be completed by the fall of 1992. The ChemRisk study is composed of twelve tasks that represent the first phase of an independent investigation of off-site health risks associated with the operation of the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant northwest of Denver. The first eight tasks address the collection of historic information on operations and releases and a detailed dose reconstruction analysis. Tasks 9 through 12 address the compilation of information and communication of the results of the study. Task 1 will involve the creation of an inventory of chemicals and radionuclides that have been present at Rocky Flats. Using this inventory, chemicals and radionuclides of concern will be selected under Task 2, based on such factors as the relative toxicity of the materials, quantities used, how the materials might have been released into the environment, and the likelihood for transport of the materials off-site. An historical activities profile of the plant will be constructed under Task 3. Tasks 4, 5, and 6 will address the identification of where in the facility activities took place, how much of the materials of concern were released to the environment, and where these materials went after the releases. Task 7 addresses historic land-use in the vicinity of the plant and the location of off-site populations potentially affected by releases from Rocky Flats.
  • Controlling Chemical Exposure Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets

    Controlling Chemical Exposure Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets

    Controlling Chemical Exposure Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets Concise guidance on 16 components of industrial hygiene controls New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Occupational Health Service PO Box 360 Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 609-984-1863 October 2000 James E. McGreevey Clifton R. Lacy, M.D. Governor Commissioner Written by: Eileen Senn, MS, CIH Occupational Health Surveillance Program James S. Blumenstock Senior Assistant Commissioner Public Health Protection and Prevention Programs Eddy Bresnitz, MD, MS State Epidemiologist/Assistant Commissioner Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Kathleen O’Leary, MS Director Occupational Health Service David Valiante, MS, CIH Acting Program Manager Occupational Health Surveillance Program Funding: This project was supported in part by a cooperative agreement from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Reproduction: The NJDHSS encourages the copying and distribution of all or parts of this booklet. All materials are in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission. Cita- tion as to the source is appreciated. This document is available on the Internet at: www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/survweb/ihfs.pdf Citation: Senn, E., Controlling Chemical Exposure; Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets, Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, October 2000. Table of Contents Methods for Controlling
  • Lecture Notes on Toxicology

    Lecture Notes on Toxicology

    LECTURE NOTES For Medical Laboratory Science Students Toxicology Dr. Biruh Alemu (MD), Ato Mistire Wolde (MSC, MSC) Hawassa University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education May 2007 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2007 by Dr. Biruh Alemu, Ato Misire Wolde All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. PREFACE The scope of toxicology widened tremendously during the last few years. An important development in this discipline is mandatory because of the expansion of different industrial, medical, environmental, animal and plant noxious substances.
  • Job Safety Analysis

    Job Safety Analysis

    Job Safety Analysis BWC Division of Safety and Hygiene Training Center Introduction Job Safety Analysis Table of Contents Tab Page Introduction Objectives 2 Agenda 3 BWC Office Locations 4 Introduction Slides 5 PowerPoint 9 Content JSA Educational Material 25 Job Hazard Control Plan 32 Job Safety Analysis Review Checklist 36 Sample Approved JSA 39 Typical Errors on JSA 40 Sample Job Hazard Analysis 41 Downloading Materials (one-hour presentation) from Web 42 Resources Additional Resources 43 JSA Planning Sheet 45 Hazard Identification Checklist 46 Questions to Ask When Determining Controls 48 National Safety Council JSA & Directions 49 PNW/APS Safety Performance 51 OSHA Job Safety Analysis 55 JSA Forms 81 February 2008 Printed within BWC Job Safety Analysis Objectives You will learn: - A proactive approach to incident prevention and safety; - The purpose and benefits of a JSA; - Techniques for performing a JSA; - How to conduct and document a JSA; - How to analyze the results of your JSA; - How to implement your safe job procedures; - How to manage and maintain your JSA process. 2 Job Safety Analysis Agenda 8:30 am - 11:30 am - Introductions - What do you want to take away from class? - Review material in book - How to do a JSA - Video and group discussion of video afterwards 11:30 am - 12:30 pm - Lunch 1:30 pm - 3:30 pm - JSA practical exercises - Group discussion of and explanation of results of exercises: corrective actions, identifying steps, and identifying hazards. 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm - Review session - Website demos - Q&A - Evaluations 3 BWC Columbus Logan 30 W.
  • Environhealthsci Handbook 2017-18

    Environhealthsci Handbook 2017-18

    FOREWORD The purpose of this handbook is to provide specific information on policies, procedures, and regulations pertaining to graduate study in the Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program. Students completing degree requirements in the Graduate Program in Environmental Health Sciences will earn either the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Health Sciences or Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Health Sciences. The doctoral program in Environmental Health Sciences is a research-based program with two tracks of study. The Environmental Toxicology Track focuses on identifying and quantifying the harmful effects of environmental chemicals on human health and elucidating the mechanisms by which these agents act. The Exposure Sciences and Environmental Epidemiology Track focuses on the evaluation of human exposures to environmental chemicals and on scientific principles used in evaluating risks to human health from environmental exposures. The master’s program offers course work in environmental toxicology and exposure sciences with options to focus on experimental research. Students in the Environmental Health Sciences Program are encouraged to meet with their faculty advisor and with other faculty members early in their first year to plan their programs of graduate study; this will permit students to accomplish their objectives in the most efficient and satisfactory manner. Each student should meet with all members of the Program's faculty to become familiar with their individual research interests before selecting a research topic and faculty advisor. The annual EHS Graduate Program Scientific Retreat in September provides new students to meet faculty and current students and hear about research within the program and possible MS thesis research or doctoral dissertation research projects.
  • Introduction to Environmental Toxicology

    Introduction to Environmental Toxicology

    Introduction to Toxicology WATER BIOLOGY PHC 6937; Section 4858 Andrew S. Kane, Ph.D. Department of Environmental & Global Health College of Public Health & Health Professions [email protected] ? “The problem with toxicology is not the practicing toxicologists, but chemists who can detect, precisely, toxicologically insignificant amounts of chemicals” Rene Truhaut, University of Paris (1909-1994) Toxicology………… • Is the study of the harmful effects of chemicals and physical agents on living organisms • Examines adverse effects ranging from acute to long-term chronic • Is used to assess the probability of hazards caused by adverse effects • Is used to predict effects on individuals, populations and ecosystems 1 An interdisciplinary field… Clinical Toxicology: Diagnosis and treatment of poisoning; evaluation of methods of detection and intoxication, mechanism of action in humans (human tox, pharmaceutical tox) and animals (veterinary tox). Integrates toxicology, clinical medicine, clinical biochemistry/pharmacology. Environmental Toxicology: Integrates toxicology with sub- disciplines such as ecology, wildlife and aquatic biology, environmental chemistry. Occupational Toxicology: Combines occupational medicine and occupational hygiene. An interdisciplinary field… Descriptive Toxicology: The science of toxicity testing to provide information for safety evaluation and regulatory requirements. Mechanistic Toxicology: Identification and understanding cellular, biochemical & molecular basis by which chemicals exert toxic effects. Regulatory Toxicology:
  • Chapter 9: Chemical Hazard Information

    Chapter 9: Chemical Hazard Information

    CHEMICAL HAZARD INFORMATION CHAPTER 9 CONTENTS Overview ............................................................................................... 121 Reactive nature of chemicals ............................................................... 121 Organization of the chemical hazard information table ......................... 124 CHEMICAL HAZARD INFORMATION | Overview Many chemicals have minimal hazards, making them relatively safe to use. Others pose inherent risks and require specific precautions. Still, other chemicals must be handled with such extreme care that they are not practical or safe for school usage. This chapter provides a link to information on hazards for nearly 600 chemicals to help teachers, schools and divisions select and safely use chemicals. Schools and jurisdictions may use this information as a starting point for reviewing chemicals currently on its shelves (particularly where chemicals have accumulated over the years), and reassessing the scope and contents of chemical inventories. The information in this chapter includes numeric ratings for health, flammability and reactivity, plus supplementary comments on the scope and severity of hazards. It also includes WHMIS and storage classifications, as well as transportation hazard classes and disposal methods.This information has been compiled from the most reliable and accurate sources available at the time of writing. Inclusion of a chemical in the link listing does not signal appropriateness for school use, but is provided as preliminary information on potential concerns. Given the nature and severity of hazards involved, some of the chemicals listed are designated as not appropriate for use in schools due to safety considerations. Readers are advised to consult MSDS sheets and other current sources of more detailed information before using any of the chemicals listed in the link. Omission from this list is also not an indication of safety.
  • Achieving Environmental Justice: the Role of Occupational Health George Friedman-Jiménez, M.D

    Achieving Environmental Justice: the Role of Occupational Health George Friedman-Jiménez, M.D

    Fordham Urban Law Journal Volume 21 | Number 3 Article 8 1994 Achieving Environmental Justice: The Role of Occupational Health George Friedman-Jiménez, M.D. Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation George Friedman-Jiménez, M.D., Achieving Environmental Justice: The Role of Occupational Health, 21 Fordham Urb. L.J. 605 (1994). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol21/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Urban Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACHIEVING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: THE ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH George Friedman-Jim~nez,M.D. t I. Introduction The current rapidly growing interest in environmental justice is both timely and important. Occupational health is an integral part of assuring environmental justice. Concrete examples of environ- mental inequity leading directly to unequal health status can be found in occupational health literature and among the patients of occupational health clinics which serve populations that include low wage workers and workers of color. The toxic properties and health effects of many environmental contaminants were originally discovered in workplace settings where workers were repeatedly exposed to high doses of such contaminants. In the future, clinical occupational medicine, occupational epidemiology, occupational toxicology, and occupational health education will undoubtedly play key roles in addressing many environmental justice issues both inside and outside the workplace.