D POLITICAL. POWER EMERGES IN SRI KAKULAM

SOME QUESTIONS CONCERNING METHODS OJ!' LEADERSHIP

CURRENT POLITICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL. . PROBLEMS

HOMAGE TO OUR MARTYRED COMRADES

INDIAN REACTIONARIES, GET OUT F NEPAL •

CONSPIRACY 0 E DOOM}j1D CPB (M-L) HAILS CPI (M-L)

REPORTS FROM U.P. AND BIHAR

GREAT AND INSPIRING SUPPORT " f On Some Current Political ,,-- .. I\ND Organizational Problems

-Charu Mazumdar "

, .• 'r_ ., ••.••.• - IN THE article which Parimal Dasgupta1 has written on the Czech03lovak event and in his letter2 to the editorial board of the Deshabrati~, he has placed the recent happenings III Czechoslovakia on the same footing .. as the Hungarian event of 1956. In Hungary, at that time, counter-revolutionaries from outside infiltrated i.nto the country and, joining forces with the reactionaries inside. attempted to occupy the country. They carried 'I r out a large-scale massacre to finish off the revolutionary

... { 1. This refers to an article "After Hungary Czechoslovakia" by Parimal Dasgupta in which he made known his assessment, different from and opposed to the stand taken by the West Bengal State Co-ordination Committee of Communist Re'volutionaries and the revolutionary journal DESHABRATI, in regard to the Soviet social-imperialist aggression against Czechoslovakia. , 2. This refers to the letter (dated 31. 8, 68) which Parimal Dasgupta , ..: ... ~ addressed to the editorial board of DESHABRATI. Init he stated that he-was feeling "worried and uncomfortable" over the editorial. of DESHABRATI (of August 29, 1968) on the Czechoslovak event. According to him, this '3ditorial endorsed the standpoint of reactionary parties like SSP, PSP etc. Such stand, according to him, "has caused grave harm to our politics". He llent his article ("After Hungary, Czechoslovakia.") with this letter with a request to publish it in D]]SHABRATI. His req~est was, however, turned down. 3. This refers to the editorial entitled "Rise Up In Protest Against the Barbarous Soviet Aggression Against Czechoslovakia" which appeared in DESHABRATI on August 29, 1968. In it the social-imperialist nature of Soviet aggression was exposed and sharply condemned. LIBERATION ]0 ON SOME CURRENT POLITICAL PROBLEMS 11 Chairman Mao pointed out: "It was a case of ~eacti~n~ries points raised in the Deshabrati editorial strange. There is inside a socialist country, in league with the Impenahs.ts~ enough ground, therefore, to believe that what he finds. attempting to achieve their co~spiratorial aims by takmg baffling and strange is that. anyone should find US- Soviet advantage of 'contradictions among the people to foment collabor,ation behind the Czechoslovak event. The fact that dissension and stir up disorder." That is why, the interven- the Soviet aggression took place with the knOwledgtr :# tion of the Soviet government there was justified and Johnson has little importance for him. This is because e it fulfilled the task of helping to defend socialism in that either rejects or fails to understand the fact that Soviet country .. But now in 1968, when the Soviet Union has social-imperialism, in collaboration with US imperialism, committed aggression against Czechoslovakia, neither the is striving to dominate the world. This leads to one thing Soviet Union nor Czechoslovakia is a socialist country -to deny in effect the fact that the Soviet Union is a- -b::>th having degenerated into capitalist countries. That social- imperialist country. This is why he did not hesitate is why, the sending of troops into Czechoslovakia by the to use even the propaganda materials supplied by the Soviet Union and other East European countries is nothing Soviet Union to bolster up his own argument. No wonder but an out and out imperialist aggression.. So, t~ place Deshab?'ati's editorial seemed laughable to him. these two events on the same footing means denying the ~ c.e.f •. ~ fhose who consider the Soviet Union as a socialist fact that the Communist Party of China [ Does he, so to say, there. So, to try to look for the existence of a reactionary support the leadership of Chairman Mao Tsetung [, Does plot there means supporting the Soviet imperialist it not follow from what he wrote in his article and from aggression. what he chose not to write, and also from his remarks. Parimal Dasgupta has found the points raised in the that he does not support the stand taken by the Chinese Deshabrati editorial (of August ;29, 1968) ~trange, but ,has Party and Chairman Mao's analysis of the nature of the not cared to indicate what particular issues he has in Soviet Union [In his article he has criticised Soviet mind. There is, however, one issue that he has not raised revisionism and described the process by which the in the article he has written, the issue of US-Soviet colla- Khrushchov clique usurped power in the Soviet Union boration. In the article he points only to US-Soviet after the death of Stalin and restored capitalism there, conflict but has failed to show that it is "within the frame- but has failed to draw the conclusion, which he should have work of US-Soviet collaboration. No wonder he finds the drawn, the conclusion that the attack on Czechoslovakia, , 12 LIBERATION ON SOME CURRENT POLITICAL PROBLEMS 18 is an imperialist aggression. Were he able to see this as an imperialist aggression he would also have known Dasgupta, in his article, sought to be neutral and sat in that even the resistance of the bourgeoisie of a country judgement to portion out the guilt bet~een the two-the against aggression has a revolutionary role and that aggressor, and the victim of aggression. This amounts the proletariat of that country is called upon to work to shirking the revolutionary duty towards the for unity with that .bourgeoisie. When faced with Czechoslovak people and to refusing to attach importance Japanese aggression, the Communist Party of China to the heavy burden of new exploitation and indignity that led by Chairman Mao correctly adopted the pro- were heaped on the Czechoslovak people by the Soviet gramme of united front and united with Chiang Rai-shek aggression. What revolutionary, worth the name, can (Sian incident). Chairman Mao pointed out that Chiang ever think of adopting such an attitude? On the contrary, Rai.shek. was closely linked with the British and the US such an attitude perfectly fits one who is going to turn a . i'mperialists who did not want Japan to occupy China. traitor to the people's cause sooner or later. Don't We But, on the other hand, Wang Ching-wei, closely linked as find that only those who have turned traitors to the he was with Japanese imperialism, followed the policy of people's cause are the o~es who have come Gut in support> abject surrender to and cooperation with the Japanese,. of the Soviet aggression? It is, therefore, most unfortunate and thus turned into an enemy of· the Chinese people. that Pari mal Dasgupta should have chosen to act in the Because he failed to see that the Soviet attack was an manner he has. imperialist aggression, Pari mal Dasgupta could not bring It ap~ears from the frequent hints that he dropped, himself to welcome the resistance that developed in that Panmal Dasgupta had quite a few things to say about Czechoslovakia against it; he slighted the resistance and' the working of the State Co-ordination Committee ( West. considered it to be an expression of a struggle of the reac- Bengal). But unfortunately, busy as he _was with the tionary ruling clique for a share of power. It is true that strike in the State Electricity Board and unable as he was. no mass resistance led .by a correct party has developed as to a.ttend meetings of the Committee for quite a long period yet ;. but it does n.ot follow from this that we can slight o~time at a stretch, his criticism could not be thoroughly or look down upon whatever resistance has developed. discussed at the State Co-ordination Committee. There We must never forget that such resistance is an expression can be no doubt whatsoever that, if he could attend the of the principal contradiction of the Czechoslovak Committee meetings his criticisms would have been heard and thoroughly discussed, making our differences clear. p~ople. His inability to see the fact of Soviet socia~-imperialism Such disc~ssions help develop our political education. We- lands him in a position where he equates the standpoint feel. unhappy that such discussions could not be held and it is he who is to blame for this. ' of the Deshabrati editorial with that of the reactionary parties like PSP, SSP etc. But how can one overlook the Pari mal Dasgupta and others have formed a rival Co- fact that this inability to see the fact of Soviet imperialist ordination Committee on the State level and have also aggression has brought Parimal Dasgupta's standpoint very published a document. In the document they have stated that certain allegedly erroneous trends, conceptions and close to that of the CPI (M) f Instead of condenning Soviet deviations have appeared among the communist revolu- armed aggression against Czechoslovakia, Parimal tionaries, and have also described what these errors are. LIBERATION .oN SOME CURRENT POLITICAL PROBLEMS 14 15 They have discussed their viewpoint only briefly and this in our peasant movement. ThiR leads to repudiating the makes it very difficult for us to understand them. '1lecessity and inevitability of guerrilla war in the peasant They have stated that work in the cities is being movement. Obviously, the peasantry as a whole does not -neglectea and that there is a trend which ref,us~s to Jlarticipate in this guerrilla warfare. What happens is participate in trade union activitie~ and have stressed the that :he advanced class-consciolHl 9.pl'.t,ionof the neasant

I necessity of building mass organizations. QIasses ~tar,ts, the guerrilla w~r. For this reason, guerrilla The question is: if everyone concerns himself with war, at Its Imtial stages, may appear as a struggle of only building mass organizations, who is to build up the a handful of people. underground party organization [ Do we expect the mass Howeve~, this kind of guerrilla war has nothing in organizations to organize the agrarian revolution [ 'com~on WIth what is advocated by Che Guevara-the .Certainly, no one is thinking like this, and it is correct not ~uerr~lla w.ar ~h.ich is waged by the petty bourgeois to think like this. It is precisely for this reason that the All mtelhgentf?Ia wltnout the peasant masses. The guerrilla India Co-ordination Committee (AICCCR) has laid the war that we speak of, on the other hand, is initiated by utmost stress on building underground party organizations. the class-conscious elements of the poor and landless Pari mal Dasgupta and his fellow-travellers chose not to ,peasants and can be led and carried on only with the active .criticize this stand of the AICCCR openly and preferred -cooperation of the poor and landless peasant masses . 'to lay stres3 on the work of mass organizations instead, This kind of guerrilla war has nothing in common with that is, on open work. the kind advocated by Che Guevara for the further reason They also speak of class organization and class struggle that this kind of guerrilla war is launched not by relying 'in the peasant movement. There are different classes on arms, and weapons-so, characteristic of aChe-type war,but IS launched without arms and by relyinR confidentl within the peasantry, namely, the poor and landless pea- \ 'sant, the middle peasant and the rich peasant. It is .. ~n the coo,peration of the massp"". Precisely for thi~ 'not clear which class or classes they have in mind. reason, ~EI~~~an be started only through an intensive Again, if they take the entire peasantry as a single .,EropagatIOn of the nolitics of seizure of politil'd!~ 6-f t-~~ ,class and try to build organizations accordingly, these ~ong_J.he ,peasan~ masses. And this work can be 1::: will ines.:apably turn into organizations like the Kisan perf~rmed only by the Party units among the,peasantry tf-.•..•...~ -umts th t iH1.JII'- Sabha led and dominated by the rich and the middle a are composed of the poor and landl ' .•.. 'peasant A d th ess_'3 '? 'peasants •. Moreover, such an attempt on our part will . s. n ese Party units can carry out this task ~- • ,strengthen the tendency to carryon open' movements only by organising guerrilla war of l,he poor and through those open mass organizations inevitably turning landless peasants. We must remember that the poor and us into another set of leaders of revisionist mass organiza- landless peasants can establish their leadership over tions. The leadership of the poor and the landless peasants the p~asant masses only by conducting a guerrilla war. 7 .Guernlla warfare is the only tactic for carrYl' over the peasant movement can be established only if we , ' ng on J}easants revolutIOnary struggle. And no mass 0 g , build underground Party organizations among the peasant t' r amza- . IOncan ever accomplish this through open work \ masses. Further, they have sought to discover Che Guevara-i~m It follows :from the above that the tactic ~doPted by 16 L1BERATlON ON SOME CURRENT POLITICAL PROBLEMS 17 Pari mal D~sgupta and his fellow-travellers with respect to Lastly; the question of building mass organizations the peasant movement is completely opposed to the line -about which Parimal Dasgupta and his fellow-travellers laid down by Comrade Lin Piao. They seek to give a· seem to be greatly concerned. Now, what do we mean by new explanation of the politics of Naxalbari peasant mass organization? As Lenin has said, even the trade struggle. A new explanation-but why? Is it not union organization represents a united front of different because they have ceased to consider the conclusions ideologies among the workers. And as such it is the and politics of Comrade Kanu Sanyal's Report on tne ability of the Communist Party to act independently that Naxalbari struggle as correct? They do consider them determines the way this united front will work. The as not correct, and so it is no wonder that they should extent to which organized revolutionary cadres are present feel the need for seeking a new explanation. According to in a mass organization and whether these revolutionary .",1 a.'JC~(-them, Comrade Kanu Sanyal's evaluati~)ll of the Naxalbari cadres are propagating revolutionary politics independently '0.,,;" -- struggle is based not on Mao Tsetung Thought but on or not-these two things determine whether a mass orga- q.1 ~#'-the theory of Che Guevara.. That they should at all think nization is a revolutionary one or not. We all know how Jdt..~ ••., like this is beca.use they do not think of guerrilla warfare during the period when we were suffering most under th~ ~~ u~nd are unable tv comprehend its significance and spell of revisionism, we built numerous mass organizations ~~!;.I re..-.fl . Importance. . and also Party units inside them. But we functioned the jIV1~~ Another point they have raised is that the four Party units merely to supplement the trade union work. s;;.,~'main enemies of the Indian people are being considered As a result, we were unable to win the workers over to our 6"":': J- and. their importance. judged in isolation from each political views, even to our revisionist politics. All those· 14\.:;.?other. This naturally leads to the question whether by' who have done trade union work have the bitter experience LJ' jl' • • d' 1-"'.&11",:07' pointing out the principal contradlCtlOn between the In ian of how the workers rallied round the communist leaders in ~"".A masses and their enemies we are isolating it from other order to win their economic demands and yet how they .ht~ .' ;J##~ fundamental contradictions and laymg undue emphas.ls voted for the Congress Party during the parliamentary t.."'~ ., on it. Of course, not. No doubt there are four mam elections. enemies and that they must be defeated and eliminated. We must understand that the members of a trade union But in order to defeat and eliminate them we must first ~o not necessarily turn into communists simply because- find out the principal contradiction and then apply our its lea~er happens to be a communist. The Party units' main force to resolve that contradiction. Only thus can ~ave to shoulder a great responsibility. They must' we eliminate all our enemies. Not to find out the principal mdependently propagate the revolutionary politics, that is ~ contradiction is to negate the main aspect of Marxism- the ~olitics of agrarian revolution, among the workin~ Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought and to open the gates class m order to inspire them with it. They must do so wide for Right and 'Left' deviations. InIndia, as we know. becaus.e the proletariat will never be able to grasp th~ all sorts of deviations raised their head because the problem ~ecesslty of carrying out agrarian revolution by waging of finding out the principal contradiction was consistently I~Sstruggle for economic demands. The politics of agra- ignored. Now, it seems, Parimal Dasgupta and his fellow- r1~n revolution must be brought to the proletariat from travellers have opted to act in exactly the same old way. WIthout, '.•from outside the trade union struggle. For L-July 2 ON SOME CURRENT POLITICAL PROBLEMS 19 18 LIBERATION this, we require revolutionary worker cadres, equipped Instead of' emphasising the need for building under- politically, that is, equipped with the Thought of Chairman ground Party organisations, Parimal Dasgupta and his Mao. And such cadres can be brought up only through fellow-travellers have put the emphasis on the need for underground Party organizations. building mass organizations. By acting like this, they are Trade unions serve as training schools for the prole- actually trying to avoid the task of building revolutionary tariat only when there is no revolutionary situation in a Party organizations. country and when the bourgeoisie appears to be quite strong The politics that Parimal Dasgupta and his fellow-tra- and the proletariat considers itself very weak. In such a vellers are preaching through their writings and their 'Co- situation trade union struggle creates self-confidence among ordination' is most .harmful to the revolutionaries. This the workers and increases their confidence in struggle is so, because with their revolutionary phrase-mongering and they learn the tactics of fighting in the course of their they are rendering every single target of attack of the struggle against the bourgeoisie. In this way trade union revolutionaries vague and indistinct. They are inventing struggle becomes a training school for the proletariat. arguments cloaked in revolutionary guise in order to But in another situation, that is, when a revolutionary induce us to drift along with the old revisionist current, to situation prevails and when any struggle rapidly develops let ourselves be carried away by the old revisionist way of into an open clash with the state power-in such a revolu- doing things to which we have been so long accustomed. tionary situation, the Party organization becomes the only On the Czechoslovak event Parimal Dasgupta and ~l~ss organization of the proletariat Particularly in a country his fellow-travellers weakened the anti-revisionist struggle like India, where the main centre of revolution lies in the by not arousing hatred against the Soviet social- rural areas, the Party is called upon to shoulder much imperialists. In the present-day India when the revolu- heavier responsibility and the task of building Party tionary masses, after rejecting the parliamentary road, organizations among the proletariat becomes most urgent. have begun to take to the new road-the road illumined This is so because t~e proletariat cannot play its leading by the Thought of Chairman Mao-Parimal Dasgupta and . role without the Party organization. So, when we say that a others are trying to divert the masses from that new road revolutionary situation now revails i;;-India, it necessarily and to drag them back to the parliamentary road. And ~llows that in n ia, our task today is to build-unde!1ITQl,111..~ they are doing all this in the name of Chairman Mao and revolutiOnary Party organizations and not mass organiza- behind a revolutionary facade. tions. It is this underground pa~ty organization that will At a time when we have begun building the revolu- ~ .. -. ..• ~eadthe class struggle. We must remember what Chairman tionary Party, we must defeat this harmful politics. Mao has taught us: "Never forget class struggl~:' Only Unless we defeat it, the Party will not be able to advance through such class struggles can the broad masses of along the correct revolutionary path and will not be able to mas~er the revolutionary style of work as taught workers feel the necessity and inevitability of smashing by ChaIrman Mao. That IS why all revolutionaries the existing state apparatus and realise that an agrarian ~r must actively fight against the political views of Parimal revolution is necessary in order to seize state power. Dasgupta and his fellow-travellers.

Only thus can the proletarian leadership be established [This ar'ticle was first published in the Bengali periodical GHATANA JoJ'l;. .•. over the agrarian revolution. PRABAHA, Vol. 2, No.1 entitled 'Parimal Babur Rajniti.']

-r.t,..6- o RESOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE NOTES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST-LENINIST) GREAT AND INSPIRING SUPPORT On the brutal murder of Great was the enthusiasm of our comrades and friends when, on July 2 and subsequent days, the Peking Radio Comrade P. Krishnamurty greeted the formation of the Communist Party of India and Six other Comrades ( Marxist-Leninist). It broadcast the Communique of the All India Co-ordination Committee of Communist Revolu- The Central Organizing Committee- of the Communist tionaries, issued on April 22, 1969, and announced that Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) is stunned at the cowardly People's Daily, organ of the Central Committee of the and atrocious murder of seven comrades, including Comrade Communist Party of China,. had reproduced on July 2 the Panchadi Krishnamurty, by the reactionary Congress text of the Political Resolution of the Communist Party of government in Andhra Pradesh, which was aided and India (Marxist-Leninist). The Peking Radio also abetted by the modern revisionists, on the night of May broadcast most of the Resolution as well as portions from 26-27, 1969. Comrade Krishnamurty was one the founders. Comrade Kanu Sanyal's address at the historic May Day of the CPI ( M.L) and a member of its Central Organiz- rally in Calcutta, announcing the formation of the Party. ing Committee. Son of a poor peasant family, Comrade Krishnamurty was a leader of a new type, a good disciple In The Worker, its organ, the Communist Party of of Chairman Mao. With his selflessness, modesty, Britain ( Marxist-Leninist) has also hailed the Communist unostentatious heroism, love for the people, and faith in Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Their message of the victory of the Indian revolution, he will remain an greetings is published elsewhere in this issue. inspiring example to all comrades. We should all emulate Tholilali, Tamil weekly of the Ceylon Communist his daring to struggle, daring to sacrifice and daring. Party, reported on the formation of the Communist Party to win. of India ( Marxist-Leninist) and hailed its emergence. The death of these comrades is a great loss to our Party and people, but their revolutionary spirit will live We, Marxist-Leninists in India, owe a deep debt of for ever in the hearts of all our people and of all revolu- gratitude to Marxist- Leninists in other countries, especially tionaries. We will all cherish their memory, we will turn to the great Communist Party of China, the leader of the our sorrow into strength and our great grief into bitter international communist movement,for their warm fraternal hatred for the enemies and deal more powerful blows at support and correct guidance at every crisis in our Party them so that the cauSe of the Indian revolution, for which history. We remember how the heroic struggle of the Comrade Krishnamurty and the other six comrades laid Naxalbari peasantry, the first single spark of the Indian down their lives, may triumph within the shortest possible revolution, was applauded by the great Party led by time. Chairman Mao. Now, too, the great CPC has come -July g, 1969 forward to extend its unmistakable and inspiring support 22 LIBERATION NOTES 23 to our new-born Party, the Party of armed struggle based f Khammam and several ether districts ef Andhra and on Marxism-Leninism- Mao Tsetung thought. ) certain areas ef Koraput in Orissa, was feared by the A great trust is reposed by the world's revolutionary enemy and loved by the peeple. forces on our Party, a contingent of the international The other comrades' were T. Chinna Rae, B. Papa communist movement. Only by striving harder to fulfil Rao, D. Gopala Rao, Niranjan Rao. Ramachandran and its great task-the task of integrating itself with the Narisimhulu. All these comrades were very young- Indian masses and rousing them boldly to carry the Indian between thirteen and twenty--except Comrade Narisim- revolution through to the end along Chairman Mao's road hulu, who was a fifty year...old poor peasant. All these -can our Party prove worthy of that trust and perform comrades, except Comrade Niranjan Rao, were party its internationalist duty. Ours is a great new era-the members and very good guerrilla fighters. Cemrade Niranjan era of the cemplete collapse ef imperialism and the world- Rao, a bright thirteen year-old boy, worked as a tailor wide triumph of secialism-the era ef Mao Tsetung. The and whenever free, he read Quotations from Cnairman victory of the 500 million people of India ever imperialism, Mao Tsetung, recited and explained them to. his mether revisionism and reaction will bring nearer the victory of even while taking his foud. He fought with his parents who. the world proletarian revelution. Our road may be long were reluctant in censideratien of his age to allow him to and tortuous but the prospect at the end ef it is thrilling. join a guerrilla squad. He was killed on the same dav he As Chairman Mae said, received the permission and jeined Comrade Krishnam~rty. "Thc Indian nation is a great nation. The Indian people Comrade T. Chinna Rao, a fourteen year-old boy, had wen are a a:reat people. Indian reactionaries and their masters, the hearts of the people all over Andhra by his brilliant U.S. imperialists and Soviet revisionists, are all paper tigers.. performances in Jamukulakatha (a popular dramatic form The Indian people can achieve complete liberation through ·in Andhra). Comrade Papa Rao was a student leader who their own struggle." afterwards be.came a guerrilla fighter. Comrade Gopala The support of the internatienal preletariat and of its Rao had escaped twice from the police camp after his leader, the great CPC, will be a source ef immense strength arrests. Comrade Ramachandran was a talented guerrilla to our Party and to eur people in this struggle-a part of fighter. Comrade Narisimhulu had been a party member the world preletarian revolution. for fifteen years. He was so harassed and oppressed by his landlord that he left his heme with his daughter and HOMAGE TO OUR MARTYRED OOMRADES joined a guerrilla squad. Comrade Panchadi Krishnamurty and six other While moving from one area to another, Comrade important comrades were murdered in cold blood by the Krishnamurty and the other comrades were suddenly police of the reactionary government on the night of surrounded and overpowered by a large number of armed May 26-27. Comrade Krishnamurty, one of the founders policemen. Instead or putting them behind prison bars, of the Cemmunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), was a the enemy tied our comrades with ropes, took them to a member of its Central Organizing Committee. This place near the hills, shot and murdered them. Then they tery able organizer and leader ef the guerrilla struggle that in:vented and circulated the story of a clash to cover up l is now raging in the Srikakulam district, parts ef Warangal, thIS cold-blooded, atrecious murder. LIBERATION 24 NOTES 25 The manner in which our comrades were. killed With the calculated, heinous murder of these brave indicates that we are in the midst of war; it shows how and beloved comrades, the peasants' armed struggle in ruthless, how remorseless, is this war. Faced with a Andhra Pradesh has entered a new phase. A wave of bitter class war that threatens his very existence, the grief as well as of anger and hatred for the enemy has enemy feels no scruple to trample underfoot the laws he swept through the whole of Andhra. Far from demoralising himself has framed. them, the great sorrow has chastened our comrades and The murder of our comrades also reflects the panic people and made them more grim and determined. In that has gripped the enemy. He is afraid of the fate every nook and COrner of Srikakulam and in every other that awaits him. He is afraid that the struggles of the district of Andhra Pradesh,< the peasants have vowed to people will, in no distant future, grow powerful enough avenge the mm'der of P. K. and of the other comrades. to overthrow his rule and bring our cpmrades back from It is a cry everywhere: "We must carryon the armed prison. So, the enemy, who has brought Central Reserve struggle and annihilate the class enemies to avenge Police battalions to crush the guerrilla struggle in Comrade P.K.'s·murder." This has caused panic among Srikakulam, is making wild and savage attacks on our the landlords who have started saying, "Why this unne- comrades and people. But there is no doubt that however ~essary murder r The communists will also murder us out much he may try to make trouble, he is bound ultimately of revenge." to fail, for our people shall follow undeviatingly the path The Party cadres now realize more fully than ever of People's War indicated by Chairman Mao. before Chairman Mao's teaching: Before they died, Comrade Krishnamurty, a true disciple "Wherever there is struggle there is sacrifice, and death is of Chairml:!>n Mao, explained to the policemen. what a common occurrence," communism means and what the communists are fighting They are more resolute than before, they fear no sac.ri- for. It is learnt that the ordinary policemen refused to fice and are readier to surmount every difficulty to win shoot him when ordered by their officer. Comrade victory. Thus the comrades are paying their best homage Krishnamurty told the police officer who fired several shots to the imperishable memory of Comrade Krishnamurty at him that they might murder him and the other comrades and the other martyrs. There is no doubt that the murder but their place would be taken by many more comrades. of individual comrades, however talented, cannot stop the He said, "You cannot stop the advance of the revolution by march of the revolution. On the other hand, as Chairman murdering us. No power on earth can suppr~ss the armed Mao said: revolution of our people which has just started and the "Bitter sacrifice strengthens bold resolve, present regime of exploitation and oppression is doomed." Which dares to make sun and moon The silence of the dark night was broken by the loud slogans our comrades raised as they fell to the enemy shine in the new sky." bullets: Long live Chairman Mao! A.N ATROOIOUS PLOT Long live the Indian Revolution! We have reasons to believe that the reactionary The nearby villages and hills resounded with these government of Andhra Pradesh has plans to murder more slogans. of our comrades-even comrades who are now in prison. LIBERATlOllI 26 NOTES 27 It is learnt that they intend to take Comrade Adibhatla What does this special relationship mean in concrete Kailasam, Comrade M. Venkata Narsayya and Comrade terms f It means that the Indian reactionaries will conti- Satyamurty from prison to a place outside it on the pretext nue t; enjoy the right to man Nepalese checkposts at of an on-the-spot investigation and to murder them there the Nepal-China border with Indian personnel, to maintain and to announce afterwards that they were shot while a military group in Nepal, to intrude into Nepalese territo"cy trying to escape. The reactionary government is mortally -Susta and other areas-and to obstruct and undermine afraid of these comrades. They are aware that they will Nepal's foreign trade by taking advantage of the geo- not "be able to keep them behind prison bars for a long graphical conditions. time. These comrades will a~ain return to the midst of Immediately after Dinesh Singh returned to India, the revolutionary people and lead their struggle as they Nepal's Prime Minister Kirti Nidhi Bista openly did before. Co~rade Adibhatla Kailasam, a member of challenged this special relationship theory. In an interview the Srikakulam District Committee of the CPI (M-L), has with a correspondent of Rising Nepal on the evening of led many struggles of the Girijans; Comrade Venkata June 24, Bista rightly said: " ... to our way of thinking Narsayya and Comrade Satyamurty are leaders of the it is not possible that Nepal compromise its sovereignty peasant struggles of Guntur and Warangal districts res- to accept what may be called limited sovereignty for pectively. It is curious that though Comrade Venkata India's so-called security. The theory of special relations Narsayya and Comrade Satyamurty were arrested quite with Nepal outside geographical, social and .economic sometime ago their arrests have not yet been announced realities is out of step with modern developments in our by the reactionary government. relations. " We appeal to the people to remain vigilant and to foil Nepal's Prime Minister demands that the Indian the atrocious plot of murdering our comrades. vVe warn personnel manning the checkposts at the northern border the reactionary government and the reactionary classes and the Indian military group in Nepal should all be with- which they represent that they will be inviting swift drawn. He said: "His Majesty's Government feels that vengeance if the proposed murders are carried out. they can and should be withdrawn ... To connect their presence with the treaty or with any over-all relation," he added, ·'is not correct." INDIAN REACTIONARIES, Today, the people af Nepal are loud in condemning the GET OUT OF NEPAL! Indian reactionary rulers' expansionist policy towards India's reactionary rulers are the hated enemies not Nepal. They accuse the Indian reactionaries of creating only of the Indian people but also of the people of neigh- disturbances not only in the Susta area of Nepal but bouring countries. whose freedom they seek to curb at the also along the 500 mile.long open border in the south. behest of their imperialist masters. They point out that the Indian reactionaries have been During his visit to Nepal last month, India's foreign encroaching upon Nepalese territory. In a recent editorial, minister Dinesh Singh said: the Nepalese paper Samaj denounced the attitude of the "We have a special1'elationship with Nepal, bound by Indian reactionary ruling classes towards Nepal in connec- history and tradition." tion with the Koshi, Gandak and other irrigation projects. 28 LIBERA~ION NOTES 29 It pointed out that India is utilizing these water resources have provided us with magnificent frontier. Of course, for itself, while the fields in Nepal remain dry. It said: they are no longer as impassable as they used to be, but "We may point out that India charges higher prices for they are still fairly effective. We cannot allow that barrier such daily necessities produced in India as sugar, kero- to be penetrated because it is also the principal barrier 1;0 sene oil, gasolene, iron, textiles and salt. These commo- India. Therefore, much as we appreciate the independence dities are sold in Nepal at prices 20 per cent higher than of Nepal, we cannot allow anything to go wrong in Nepal in the international market. This gives a fair idea of the or permit that· barrier to be crossed or weakened, because extent of profits reaped by India in its exports to Nepal, that would be a risk to our own security." valued at 750 million rupees every year. This is the~language of all imperialists and their lackeys. The architect of the present expansionist policy of The independence of Nepal can be trampled underfoot on. the Indian reactionary ruling classes was Jawaharlal the pretext of ensuring the security of India! Nehru, that accomplished lackey of imperialism. The The sovereignty of Nepal and other Himalayan coun- policy is no different from the "forward policy" pursued tries has actually been trampled underfoot not to ensure- by the British imperialists during their long direct rule the security of India but to serve the interests of the over India, when India was used as a base of aggression imp~rialists and their stooges. In an article in Times of against countries in Asia and Africa. The heirs to the Ind~a of February 2, 1960, entitled "Prospect and Retros- mantle of the Bri tish raj have sough t to preserve and pect; Nepali Sensitiveness and Nationalism," Prem Bhatia extend the imperialist gains. In July 1950, Nehru concluded wrote that as the need arose to protect Nepal from Chinese an Indo-Nepali treaty of "Peace and Friendship". Speaking { "invasion or subversion," "the U.S.A. and India came te, on the new treaties with Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim, Giri realise that their aims in Nepal were identical." Lal Jain remarks in his book India Meets China in Nepal: Today, these aims have become identical with the -aims. "Apparently such a step was considered necessary to of the Soviet revisionists, the new Tsars of the Kremlin. ensure that the rulers, of these strategically important These aims are to use countries like Nepal and India as states were prepared to show the same sense of loyal their neo-colonies and bases for aggression against other countries, especially Socialist China. friendship to the new regime in India which they had earlier shown to the British. This appears to be a valid . The people of India must stand by the people of Nepar assessment in view of the fact that the new treaties were III their struggle against the Indian reactionaries and their modelled after the existing ones." (p. 14-our emphasis). imperialist masters. They must demand the immediate On December 6, 1950, Nehru told Parliament: withdrawal of the Indian personnel from the Nepal-China "Our interest in the internal conditions of Nepal has border and of the Indian military group from Kathmandu. become still more acute and personal, bej:Jause of the They must demand an end to the Indian reactionaries' developments across our borders, to be frank, especially policy of encroaching on Nepalese territory. those in China and Tibet. Besides our sympathetic interest We pledge our fullest solidarity with the people of in Nepal, we were also interested in the security of ou~ Nepal in their just struggle. own country. From time immemorial the Himalayas LIBERATION 30 NOTES 31 OONSPIRAOY OF THE DOOMED rockets and in all other branches of science, technology The Indian people cannot but view with grave concern and culture-all under the brilliant leadership of Chairman and deep anger the criminal anti-China political and Mao Tsetung and the Communist Party of China led by military conspiracy that is at present being hatched by U.S. him. The wild dreams of U.S. imperialism and its No.1 imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism and their lackeys.- accomplice, Soviet revisionist social-imperialism, were the Japanese reactionaries 'and the Indian reactionarIes shattered. headed by Indira Gandhi . But, as Chairman Mao has taught us: "Make trouble, . The central aim of this U.S.-Soviet conspiracy is to fail, make trouble again, fail again... tiII their doom; that is launch aggression against China, to· destroy the revolu- the logic of the imperialists and all reactionaries the world over tionary movement of the Asian people and to defeat in dealing with the people's cause, and they will never go against communism. The two chief lackeys, who are playing a key this logic. This is a Marxist law." The U.S. imperialists role in this anti-China, anti-people and anti-communist .and Soviet social-imperialists are acting exactly in the military-political conspiracy are the Japanese reactionaries manner indicated by Chairman Mao. . They are not -the "general manager" of U.S. imperialism in Asia-and reconciled to their defeat. On the contr!1ry, they are trying the Indian reactionaries led by Indira Gandhi. This still more frenziedly to rig up &.n anti-China military .conspiracy is an integral part of the global strategy of U.S. alliance in Asia. What tb,e U.S. imperialists failed to lmperialism and Soviet revisionist social-imperialism for .achieve, the Brezhnev-Kosygin clique, mad gamblers as redividing the world between themselves and for joint they are, is hoping to achieve. . world domination. Recently, the Brezhnev-Kosygin clique has openly Just after the victory of the Chinese revolution in 1949, sponsored a plan for a so-called "system of collective the U.S. imperialists occupied China's territory Taiwan ·security in Asia." On May 29, the Soviet revisionists' and adopted the notorious "containment of China" policy mouthpiece Izvestia instructed the Indian reactionaries which aimed at strangling the victorious Chinese revolution and called on some southeast Asian countries by name to through economic blockade, political subversion and set up a system of so-called "collective security." Not intimidation. To achieve its purpose the U.S. imperialists content with this, soon afterwards, the Soviet revisionist relied for support on its Asian lackeys-foremost of whom chieftain Brezhnev himself clamoured that "the course of was Jawaharlal Nehru. Under Nehru and his successors, events is also putting on the agenda the task of creating a India was turned into the largest base of aggression of U.S. system of collective security in Asia." Since it intruded imperialism in Asia. But as is known to all, the "contain- into the Chinese territory of Chenpao Island in March this ment of China" policy of the U.S. imperialists failed year, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique has sent ignominiously and China swept forward with the force of a more than 20 delegations, including the Soviet revisionist hurricane, established socialism, victoriously carried out chieftains Kosygin and Podgorny, on conspiratorial the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, immensely missions to countries and regions around China. Last strengthened her dictatorship of the proletariat, built a month it summoned its ambassadors to the Asian countries modern industry and modern agriculture, and won thunder- and the United States back to Moscow for the sinister plot. .(Jus victories in the development of nuclear weapons and Seeing this feverish eagerness of the Soviet revisionist 32 LIBERATION

renegades to establish this so-called 'collective security,' the Japanese bourgeois paper Asahi Shimbun remarked that the Soviet revisionists "are seized with ill-disguised Indian People Embark On anxiety and uneasiness" in their efforts "to intensify their diplomacy of containing China." Revolutionary Road Of What is this "system of collective security in Asia" so Armed Struggle vigorously peddled by the new tsars of the Kremlin r In their mad haste to oppose China and the revolutionary THE 'Indian communist revolutionaries are vigorously struggles of the Asian people they have picked this up studying and applymg Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung from the garbage heap of the notorious U.S. war-monger Thought in the light of the concrete questior:s of the Indian John Foster Dulles, _who clamoured that "the corner- revolution and beginning to lead the revolutionary people stone of security for the free nations must be a collective of India on to the revolutior:ary road of armed struggle. system of defence." The Soviet revisionist renegade They are scoring remarkable achievements, .. clique's "system of collective security" is a tool for opposing frenziedly the great socialist China and the revolutionary "Political Power Grows Out of the Barrel of a Gun" movements of the Asian people, for controlling the Asian countries and for pushing further its social-imperialist India is a big country with a population of 500 million .. policy of aggression and expansion in Asia. This "system" Many years of brutal rule by imperialism, feudalism and is, above all, an anti-China military alliance which the ~ureaucratic capitalism 'have t,hrown the Indian people Soviet revisionist renegades are trying to rig up in mto the depth of misery. PlagJled by hunger and poverty collusi0n with U.f::l.:imperialism, a new and more elaborate the Indian people are among the most poverty-stri6ke~ attempt to encircle· China, to intimidate and subvert. her. people in the world. To fight for their own emancipation, ' and finally to launch aggression against her. the Indj.an people have developed various kinds of revo_ The Indian reactionaries led by Indira Gandhi are l utionary struggles. To stamp ou~ the revolutionary flames playing the role of an energetic pedlar of their imperialist of the Indian people, the reactionary Indian ruling class masters' wares. The Soviet revisionist renegades greatly has long propagated the "doct.rine of non-violence". rely on Indira Gandhi and Co. to push through their Cat~ring to the needs of the reactionary ruling class, the anti-China plot of "collective security.". Indeed, the Soviet IndIan revisionists are trying hard to spread illusions of revisionist renegades have long been carefully fostering the "peaceful transition" in a vain attempt to lure the Indian' Indian reootionaries with all-round support not merely to peo~le on to the "parliamentary road". The crimes of the carryon social-imperialist exploitation of India but also IndIan revisionists in shamelessly betroying tbe Indian to use the;Indian soil, India's manpower and resources for revolution have won praise and support from the notorious their anti-China, anti-people, counter-revolutionary objec- Khrushchov and the renegade, hidden traitor and ~cab Liu tives. It is for this reason that they have helped the Indian Shao-chi. reactionaries in arms expansion and war preparations In the sixties of the 20th century, Marxism-Leninism_ ( Continued on page 81 ) Mao Tsetung Thought launched a powerful struggle L-July 3 LIBERATION . , INDIAN PEOPLE ON ROAD OF ARMED STRUGGLE 35 against modern revIsIOnism and scored a great vic,tory. Recently, a peasant revolutionary armed force appeared In this situation, ,the Indian c'ommunist revolutionaries in the jungles of Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh, striking took concrete action to rebel against the revisionists in the repeated blows at the reactionary police force. In Kerala Indian Communist Party, smashed the shackles of the State, the revolutionary peasants have also waged armed "parliamentary road" and embarked on the revolutionary struggle. road of armed struggle. They translated into different d.ialects and publil:lhed in large quantities the brilliant Indian Communist Revolutionaries .Striving to works of Chairman Mao and propagated Mao Ts~tung Solve Questions In Revolutionary Practice 'Thought ,widely in revolutionary journals. They distri- buted arid put up large quantities of revolutionary leaflets The Indian communist revolutionaries and Indian and posters, laying emphasis on spreading the great truth Tevolutionary people while firmly embarking on the revo- pointed out by Chairman Mao that "political power grows lutionary road of armed struggle are constantly summing cut of the barrel of a gun". . up the experience and lessons in the revolutionory practice The Indian communist revolutionaries have begun to go in the past two years and using' Marxism- Leninism- Mao deep into the rural ar'eas, to lead and rouse the peasants to Tsetung Thought to solve a series of questions arising , armed struggle. The revolutionary struggle of the peasants from the revolutionary practice. that' erupted in the Naxalbari area, Darjeeling district, After summing up the experience and lessons gained in West Bengal State, at the beginning of 1967 struck India the Naxalbari struggle, the -Indian communist revol~- like spring thunder. '1'he heroic fight of the Naxalbari tionaries pointed explicitly to the importance of building peasants, in which they opposed reactio,nary rult3 and a party armed with Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung feudal oppression with violen~e, has become a glorious Thought. In a rep~rt summing up the experience of the banner for the Indian people's struggle for emancipation. Naxalbari struggle published not long ago, they pointed In the past two years, the spark kindled by the Naxal- out that one of the causes of the temporary set-back in the bari peasants' revolutionary struggle has been blazing in Naxalbari struggle is: "the absence of a party which is several parts of India. Under the leadership of the Indian '.....armed with the theory of Marxism-Leninism and its studied, Chairman Mao's works, and have reached a better under- Our great leader Chairman Mao has taught us: "History tells us that correct political and military lines do not emerge standing of the / mass line. One revolutionary said: and develop spontaneously and tranquilly, but only in the "Chairman Mao has taught us tha,t we should cherish course of struggle." boundless warm-heartedness towards all comrades and the people. While we were working in the villages in the The broad masses of revolutionary people of India are pas,t, my feeling towards the peasants had been superficial. 'applying Marxism- Leninism- Mao Tsetung Thought to I wrongly took it for 'granted that the peasants should. solve the strategy and tactics of the revolution, and other welcome me and be grateful as I was there to work for questions, and to constantly expose and repudiate the them. Comparing my thinking with Chairman Mao's ( Continued on page 39 )

• CRISES-RIDDEN U.S. IMPERIALISM 39

a huge American empire by these means., But, as O,Ul!" great reader Chairman Mao pointed out, "U.S. imperialism Crises-Ridden U.S. Imperialism has over.reached itse.f. Wherever it commits aggression, Will Not Last.Long it puts a new noose around its neck. It is besieged ring upon ring by the people of the whole world." 13y frantically U.S. ~mperialism can find no solution to its daily persisting in its perverse actions, U.S. imperialism is fast growing difficulties at home and abroad, nor can it ex- becoming the opposite of what it wishes subjectively. tricate i,tself from rapidly developing political, economic. military and cultural crises. This is the awful mess new Bankrupt "Global Strategy" U.S. imperialist chieftain Richard Nixon has inherited The raging flames of the people's armed struggles in from his predecessor, Lyndon Johnson., In these circum- Asia, Africa and Latin America, the waves of the national- stances, Nixon has had to admit in dismay that "there liberation movement in these r~gions and the storms ot are a number of problems which this ad~inistration people's movement in Western Europe and North America confronts; each requires urgent attention" and "it is very have completely upset the counter-revolutionary "global difficult to single one out and put it above the other." strategy" of U.S. imperialism. The Vietnamese people Finding themselves' .in an impasse and on their last have persisted in people's war and have severely battered legs, the U.S. monopoly capitalist groups thrust the more tha~ one million U.S., puppet and vassal troops and Republican Nixon into power to get U.S. imperialism out thrown them into an awkward predicament. The valiantly of its crises. But statements before and after taking office fighting Laotian people have dealt hammer blows at U.S. show that not only has he no panacea to offer, but he is imperialism and its lackeys in Laos and have won one in fact at a loss about what to do in the face of the grave· victory after another in their struggle against U.S. aggres- crises. This brought on the Western press wailing that sion and for national salvation. The people's revolutionary "the Nixon Administration IS already in a state of crisis before it begins work.'? ( Qontinued from page 37 ) absurdities and li~s spread by the Indian reactionaries and Nooses Around U.S. Imperialism's Neck Indian revisionists, thus pushing the revolution ·ahead Since World War II, U.S. imperialism has replaced1 unceasingly. the German, Italian a:qd Japanese fascists as the world's 1969 is the year of paramount importance for the biggest aggressor,' oppressor and, exploiter. It has formed' revolutionary people the world over. In this year, the all kinds ot military blocs all over the world, dispatched' communist revolutionaries and revolutionary people of more than one million troops to be stationeli on foreign India will surely strengthen their unity, frustrate the tricks soil, and set up more than 200 huge military bases abroad and intrigues of the U.S. imperialists, Soviet revisionists to carry out wars of aggression and suppress the revolu- Indian reactionaries and Indian revisionists, march forward tions of the people of many countries. It spends over- in bigger strides on the glorious road of armed struggle, 80,000 million dollars a year on frenzied arms expansion and achieve more and bigger victorj~s. and war preparations. U.S. imperialism dreams of buildin/g (From Hsinhua News Bulletin, May 10,1969)

• 40 LIBERATION .cRISES-RIDDEN U.S. IMPERIALISM 41

armed forces in Burma, Thailand and other countries have U.S. imperialism has landed itself In unpr~cedented grown rapidly. They have mounted frequent attacks on isolation in the world. the enemy, making it hot for I U.S. imperialism and its It is against such a background that Nixon's high- lackeys. The armed struggles of the Arab, African and Tanking brain-truster and senior foreign-policy adviser Latin American peoples have also developed rapidly. And Henry Kissinger had to confess in an article on U.S. the struggle of the workers, students and people of other foreign policy that U.S. imperialism's counter-revolutionary strata in Western Europe and North America is surging "global strategy" to dominate the world has met with forward irresistibly with tremendous momentum. Just

against racial oppression broke out 1D Jack~onyille. growing number of militant Afro-American groups will Florida, on January 24, this year. Though it was tem- henceforth take up arms in struggle, violence will increase, porarily suppressed by the reactionary authorities, it a.nd there will be "a turn from spontaneous to planned indicates that a more profound Afro-American struggle violence." The strike struggle upsurge. and the refusal by on a larger scale for freedom ane?-emancipation is brewing. more and more workers to recognize the contracts nego-' In the meantime, the strike struggle of the American tiated by the scab trade unions with the capitalists, the workers has developed vigorously. The number of strikes American press acknowledged, are "threatening to upset in 1968, 4,950 in all, was the highest in 15 years, bringing a pattern" by which the U.S. bourgeoisie controls the about the biggest loss in work hours since 1959. The workers' movement through scab unions. It admitted beginning of this year witnessed a big strike ef more than that the mounting student movement may lead to the 60,000 oil workers followed by that of 18,000 aircraft "destruction" of the schools of the U.S. bourgeoisie. machinists. The 75,000 dockers along the east coast and the Gulf of Mexico persisted in their strike for over a Aggravating Politico.Economic Crises month .... This strike has already inflicted a loss of over 500 million dollars on the monopoly capitalist class.' which The sharp~ning class contradictions have intensified howled in alarm that the strike "poses 3 critical danger" the cont'radictions wi~hin U.S. ruling circles. T)1is was to the U.S. economy a!1d urged the newly inaugurated. manifested by mutual abuse and recrimination among Nixon "to do hif'/ utmost" to crush the strike. The politicians representing the interests of the different continuous strike struggle by the U.S. workers is not monopoly capitalist groups during last year's presidential only hitting U.S. imperialism hard economically, it is also election campaign. Each tried to overwhelm the other hitting hard at its policy of aggression abroad. ~ with abuse., and blame the other for the crises gripping The student movement. and the youth movement against U.S. imperialism. But none could find a way out for U.S. the war of aggression in Vietnam have also developed in imperialism. depth and rolled forward in continuous w~ves. Progressive The economic situation in the United States is no students of San Francisco State College in California have better than the political one. The financial and monetary persisted in their struggle against racial discrimination and crisis is deepening, inflation is developing viciously, the decadent bourgeois educational system for nearly three international payments deficits are huge, the position of months now. Progressive student struggles have l:lJso' the dollar is shaky and the "overproduction" crisis looms broken out in the University of California, San Fernando large. All this compelled. Nixon to admit helplessly that Valley State College, East Los Angeles College, Sacramento the economic problem is one of the "urgent" questions State College and Southwest College in California, as well requiring his attention and that to "safeguard" the dollar as in Brandeis University (Massachusetts), the University will rank among the highest priorities in his consideration. of Chicago, Swarthmore. CQIlege (near Philadelphia) and However, despite the ballyhoo, he could offer no solution Queens College (New York). whatsoever to the existing problems. Commenting on the situation in the American people's Like its predecessor, the Nixon Administration is trying struggle, the U.S. bourgeois press gloomily admitted that a to wage a last-ditch struggle by stepping up arms expansion 44 LIBERATION

and war preparations, as well as by intensifying its colla- boration with the Soviet revisionist renegade clique-No.1 Big Scab liu Shao-chi Is the Mortal/Foe accomplice of' U ..S. imperialism. However, in these Of The Working Class attempts, Nixon is lifting a rock only to drop it on his own feet. The conspiracy of U.S. imperialism and Soviet by Kung Hsiang-tung, revisionism to divide the world in collaboration with each All-China Federation of T1'ade Unions other has been exposed and this has enabled the people of

the world to see more and more clearly that the counter· DURING the l.ast few decades, masquerading as the- revolutionary essence' of U.S. imperialism and Soviet "leader of the wc;>rkers'movement," the big scab Liu Shao- revisionism is identical despite their different signboards. chi engaged in deception and blackmail ever)'where anCL Both U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionism are, as the committed innumerable crimes. He did his best to sell· .saying goes, like "idols of clay which can hardly survive out the power of leadership of the working class, vigorously when crossing a river." Having landed in the abyss of spread the theories of "class collaboration" and "the crisis, the more desperately they struggle, the sooner they dying out of class struggle," and tried to emasculate the· will reach their doom. revolutionary soul of the workers' movement and corrupt (From Peking Re~ieio, No.7, 1969) and disintegrate the working class ranks through eco- nomism. In the crucial movements of the revolution,. he brutally suppressed the workers' movement in a vain attempt to liquidate the proletarian revolution and subvert the proletarian dictatorship. He is a jackal from the same. lair as the world's scabs old and new-Bernstein ~ Kautsky, Khrushchov, Thorez, 'l'ogliatti and their like. He is the mortal foe of the working class .

. SeJling Out Working-Class Leadership Political power is the fundamental. question of the· revolution. What type of a state is established and what road is taken-socialist or capitalist-are decided by what . . class is relied on to make the revolution and what class leads it. On this fundamental question, there has always. existed a sharp struggle between the two classes, between the two roads, and between the two lines, Chairman Mao teaches us : "The leading force in our revolution is the industrial proletariat." 'l'he wo~king class is the most far-sighted, most selfless and most firmly and thoroughly revolutionary. Nurtured on Mao Tse-tung's. LIBERATION 46 BIG SCAB LIU SHAO-CHI 47 thought, it has a high' level of consciousnesl> in class that the working class was "unreliable." ~e slannere.d struggle and in the struggle between the two lines. the working class as a "broken chair" saying that "~he The big scab Liu Shao-chi always opposed reliance chair ought to be reliable, but something is wrong wlth -on the working class, negated its leading role and did it so it is unreliable." At the same time, he praised the his utmost to sell out its power of leadership. In the b~urgeoisie to the skies. He kept spreading the drivel initial stages of the democratic revolution, he invented that the Chinese bourgeoisie was still "in its youth." He the theory of the working class being "infantile," flattered the capitalists arid reactionary technical slandering ,the workers as being "always lacking in' "authorities" for supposedly "having technical know-how" flublic virtue," "guild-minded" and "lumpen," and .and "excelling our Communists in management," and wanted viciously asserted that "such an infantile proletariat" to hand over the leadership of the factories and enterprises could not possibly seize political power. The working to them. He even bowed at the feet of the capitalists, class was beneath his contempt. On the other hand, he begging them to exploit the workers. He said obsequi- lavished praise on the bourgeoisie, trying in vain to hand ously : "Exploit us please, so that I can make a living .all the power of leadership of the proletariat -including and my wife and children can live." He was completely military power, state power and leadership of the mass shameless! He also openly opposed working-class movement-to the bourgeoisie so as to carry out the leadership over state power, instigated the Rightists to most thorough class capitulationism. He went all out to attack the Party, and advanced the idea of the bourgeois -extol Chiang Rai.shek, the common enemy of the "two-chamber system'" and of' the "open opposition -Chinese people, as "the leader." He described the Ruo- party," so as to prepare public opinion for the bourgeoisie mintang, which stands for the interest of the big land- to usurp power. In the realm of ideology and culture, lords and big bourgeoisie, as "the banner," and clamoured he all the more endeavoured to negate working-class that the Chinese revolution "must be carried on under leadership. He put renegades, enemy agents, capitalist this banner." He glorified the Ruomintang scab trade roaders and reactionary academic "authorities" lD unions, saying they should be turned into "the leading important posts in a vain effort to turn this realm into organs of' the mass movement." This was utterly .an advance post for the restoration of capitalism. ,preposterous ! Chairman Mao brilliantly pointed out on the eve of "The working class must exercise leadership in everytbing." ·China's liberation at the Second Plenary Session of the -China's sdcialist revolution and socialist construction must Seventh Central Committee of the Party in 1949 that, after be carried out under the leadership of the working class. the countrywide victory of the Chinese revolution, the As the great proletarian cultural revolution has won great basic internal contradiction is "the contradiction between -and decisive victories, the Chinese working class has the working class an~ the bourgeoisie." He sharply mounted the .political stage of struggle-criticism.trans- criticized the erroneous Right opportunist view of relying formation in all parts of the superstructure. Over-all on the bourgeoisie. Chairman 1'vho stressed that "we proletarian dictatorship over the bourgeoisie ·in the super- must wholeheartedly rely on the working class." The big structure, including all fields of culture, has been realized. scab Liu Shao.chi lost no time in dishing out his theory The immortal contributions of the Chinese working class 48 LIBERATION BIG SCAB LIU SHAO-CHI 49 in every perioo. of the revolution are convincing proof that. of workers and to divert them in this way from 'politics,' from it must and can exercise leadership in everything. These socialism." The big scab Liu Shao-chi is exactly this contributions have proclaimed the complete bankruptcy kind of confirmed lackey of the bourgeoisie that Lenin of the big scab Liu Shao-chi's fallacies that the working denounced. class is "infaJltile" and "unreliable." To cover up the reactionary nature of the "economic struggle" which he advocated, Liu Shao-chi went in for Corrupting Working. Class Ranks sbameless sophistry. He asserted that "economic str:uggle Old or new, all scabs resort to "economic struggle" to is at the same time political, struggle." To put it plainly, oppose political struggle. They use economism to oppose his "political struggle" was nothing more than begging the proletarian revolution ana. the dictatorship of the pro- for a few economic refprms within the limits allowed by letariat.. For more than forty years, the big scab Liu the Kuomintang reactionaries' "factory law" and "trade Shao-chi obstinately carried out counter-revolutionary union law." It would not have harmed the Chiang regime economism in the workers' movement to corrode. and dis- in the least. It could never alter the position of the wor- integrate the workers' ranks and sen out the fundamental king class as the enslaved and the ruled. interecsts of the working class. After nationwide victory, this No.1 scab continued to During the period of the democratic revolution, Liu push his counter-revolutionary economism stubbornly. He Shao-chi, in an effort to maintain the rea;ctionary rule of clamoured that "the production movement is the workers' imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, energe- . movement," and urged "struggling for the workers'liveli- tically advocated that "the policy of the workers' movement hood." He organized "trade unions for production" under should be to wage all forms of economic struggle ...the the signboard of "production and construction." Feigning' develQpment of economic 'struggle' means the development "concern" for the workers' livelihood, he exerted his of the Chinese workers' movement." He also said: "Once efforts to organize "welfare trade unions" and promote the economic struggle is successful, the Chinese workers' "material incentives." movement can advance along a road of smooth progress." Chairman Mao has wisely pointed out: "In this stage Obviously, this programme he put forward for the workers' [ the historical stage of socialism], classes, class contradic. movement is a programme of counter-revolutionary econo- tions and class struggle continue, the struggle between the mism, which' is opposed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao socialist road and the capitalist road continues and the danger Tse-tung's thought. His criminal aim in striving' to put the of capitalist restoration remains." It is of paramount impor- workers' movement into the "purely economic" orbit was tance for the workers' movement under the dictatorship to liquidate the political struggle of the ~orking class, .to of the proletariat to firmly grasp class st~uggle, constantly oppose the workers' movement co-ordinating its efforts consolidate and strengthen the dictatorship of the proleta- with the revolutionary war, and to oppose the seizure of riM, prevent capitalist restoration and carry the socialist state power by armed force. revolution through to the end. The big scab Liu Shao-chi Lenin once pointed out. "The confirmed adherents of the however. did all he could in advocating that "the produc~ bourgeoisie and of the government which serves it have even tion movement is the workers' movement." His criminal made repeated attempts to organize purely economic unions aim was to try to negate class struggle, liquidate the L-July 4 50 LIBERATIO~ BIG SCAB LIU SHAO-CHI 51 socialist revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, and "forbidden to go on strike repeatedly," thus suppress- and restore capitalism. ing the workers' revolutionary struggle. He also personally In socialist China under the leadership of Chairman went down into the pits to "strengtpen discipline" for the Mao, the national economy is by no means developed by capitalists and, acting on their behalf, punished the workers depending on material incentives but by putting proletarian who "did not obey the mine rules" and dismissed the politics in command and using the socialist revolution as "reckless" leaders of the workers. In this way, this big the motive force, that is, "grasp revolution and promote scab openly worked energetically for the capitalists to production." The slogan "struggle for the workers' liveli- counter-attack &nd seize the fruits of the general strike hood" advanced by the big scab Liu Shao-chi and the from the hands of the workers. multifarious bonus systems pushed by him were all sugar- During the period of· the First Revolutionary Civil -coated bullets fired at ·the working class. All this was War when the Chinese working class waged a heroic designed to corrupt and disintegrate the ranks of the struggle against· feudal warlords and imperialism, the working class, so as to put an end to the revolutionary working class in Kwangtung, Hunan and Wuhan organized workers' movement. workers' armed pickets and took back foreign concessions, thus pounding the foundations of reactionary rule hard. Suppressing Workers' Revolutionary Movement Tailing after the big landlords and big bourgeoisie, the big scab Liu Shao-chi railed at the workers' movement The bourgeoisie has always resorted to the counter- for b_ing "excessive" and blamed the workers for "being revolutionary dual tactics of economic bribery and armed 'Left' deviationist to the extent of becoming muddle- repression to undermine the workers' revolutionary move- headed." Frightened to death in Wuhan by the heroic ment and maintain its reactionary rule. Not only did the struggle of the workers' pickets, he, in the name of the arch scab Liu Shao-chi use economism to corrupt and general secret~ry of the Hupeh Provincial Federation of disintegrate the ranks of the working class, but' he also Trade Unions, hurriedly imposed "ideological control" hired himself out to imperialism and the Kuomintang on the workers' pickets and ordered the workers "absolutely reactionaries as early as the period of democratic revolution. not to take action." At the critical moment in the Working hand in glove with them, he mercilessly suppres- revolution when the Kuomintang reactionaries were pre- sed the workers' revolution'llry movement. He is an paring a counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, Liu Shao-chi, executioner whose hands are stained with the blood of the acting as a traitor, went so far as to provide the Kuomin- working class. tang reactionaries with "intelligence on the workers' As far back as 1921, Chairman Mao personally kindled movement," give them advice and~:work out plans for the raging flam~s of the revolution in Anyuan, and the them. He also ordered the workers' pickets to dissolve strike by the railway workers a:ud coal miners there and to hand over several thousand rifles; even the clubs resulted in brilliant victories. But as soon as the big scab used by boys' corps were handed over to the Kuomintang Liu Shao-chi arrived in Anyuan, he signed an "agreement" in neatly tied bundles. Moreover, he shamelessly went with the capitalists stipulating that the workers were to the workers' department of the Kuomintang personally "forbidden to gather to raise a disturbance and coerce" to make a traitorous ceport. Half a month later, the 52 LIBERATIO~ £IG SCAB LIU SHAO-CHI 53 Kuomintang reactionaries launched a barbarous massacre- imperialism is heading for total collapse and socialism of~the unarmed working class and revolutionary people. is advancing to worldw'ide victory. Mao Tse-tung's After the liberation of the country, the big scab Liu thought reflects the fundamental interests and demands Shao-chi made use of ' the Party and government power of the working class and the masses of labouring people. he . had usurped and stood completely on the side of the It is the guiding thought for all the work of our Party, bourgeoisie to urge "the capitalists to struggle against our army and our country, the very soul of the workers' revolutionary movement. the workers." He always opposed Chairman Mao's great teachings on carrying out large-scale mass movements The big scab Liu Shao-chi all alon,g feverishly in the factories and mines, slandered the mass movements advocated the theory of "spontaneity." He ranted that as "something that was started~haphazardly" and stifled the workers' movement, "must depend primarily 'on the them in every way. Under the signboard of "scientific spontaneous movement of the masses." He repeatedly management," he controlled and punish,ed the workers. stressed that "the workers' daily economic demands should and advocated the enforcement of capitalist discipline~ be used as the slogans to mobilize the workers," and When the storm of the great proletarian cultural rev'olution opposed "adding political slogans to the economic demands approached Liu Shao-chi hastily dished out the bourgeois raised by the masses:' The counter-revol:utionary essence reactionary line to suppress the revolutionary masses, ·of these fallacies lies in opposing the use of Mao Tse-tung's and launched a converging attack agains~ the revolu •.. thought to lead t!J.e workers' revolutionary movement. tionaries in a vain attempt to put down t4e great prole- snd in emasculating the revolutionary soul of the workers' movement. tarian cultural revolution movement personally initiated! by Chairman Mao. The big scab Liu Shao-chi and company frantically The arch scab Liu Shao-chi's numerous crimes of opposed using Mao Tse-tung's thought to guide the suppressing the workers' movement before and after workers' movement and did their utmost to sabotage liberation fully prove him to be the top spy s'ent by the mass movement for the creative study and application the Chiang Kai-shek regime into the ranks of the working: of Chairman Mao's works. Their aim was to oppose class .. imbuing the working class with Mao Tse-tung's thought but to imbue it with bourgeois ideas and use the bourgeois world outlook to guide the workers' movement in an Emasculating the Revolutionary Soul of the attempt to lead the workers' movemtmt astray and into Workers' Movement opportunism. . Lenin pointed out long ago: "Without revolutionary Over the past decades, Liu Shao-chi has always taken theory there can be no revoIUt•IOnary movemen.t" "0 nIy the reactionary stand of the landlord class and the the theory of revolutionary Marxism can be the banner bourgeoisie. Catering to the needs of imperialism, of the class movement of the workers." In the present era, modern revisionism and the Kuomintang reactionaries, the only correct theory guiding workers' revolutionary he has betrayed the fundamental interests· of the working mov~ment is Mao Tse-tung's thought. Mao Tse-tung's class and committed towering crimes. He is a faithful thought is Marxism-Leninism of the era III which lackey of imperialism, modern revisionism and the 54 LIBER.A~lON "The proletariat and working people of Europe, North America and Oceania are experiencing a new Kuo1pintang reactionaries and a sworn enemy of the awakening. The U.S. imperialists and all other working class. The great proletarian cultural revolu- such vermin have already created their own grave- tion personally initiated and led by Chairman Mao has diggers; the day of their burial is not far off". proclaimed the death sentence on the big scab Liu Shao- -Mao Tsetung. chi politically and the total bankruptcy of the counter-revolutionary revisionist line in the workers' movement. We must carryon and deepen the revolu- tionary mass criticism and repudiation ant! thoroughly wipe out the pernicious influence of the big scab Liu Shao-chi's counter-revolutionary revisionist line in the workers' movement. FRANCE TODAY • -M.L.

A GEEAT storm of revolutionary mass struggles is sweeping across Europe on a scale and intensity as has never been seen before in history. The struggle of the working-class against ruthless capitalist exploitation and. against the evil system of monopoly capitalisn;1, and the struggle of th¥ progressive students in Europe against the decadent bourgeois educational and social systems are steadily dragging a panic-stricken European monopoly capitalist class to its grave.' The revolutionary mass struggles of the working.class and people of Western Europe. and of the entire capitalist world, is merging with the national liberation struggles of the oppressed peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America, and together with the struggles of the Afro-American people and the people unde}: revisionist rule, form an irresistable revolutionary torrent which is sweeping away imperialism, revisionism and all reaction to its final doom. The mighty storm of the revolutionary struggles of the world's peoples has driven morta.l fear into the gangster bosses of t he reactionary world, U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionism, who are frantically stepping up their global collaboration in a.va.in FRANCE TODAY FRANCE TODAY 57

attempt to stamp out the flames of revolution, and, at the Rome, on February 27th. '69, thousands of reactionary same time, redivide the world. police tried to suppress by force the massive anti-U.S. The European people's revolutionary mass struggle is demo'nstration, the battle lasting several hours and resul- directed against the monopoly' capitalist class and the ting, according to bourgeois press reports, in injuries to a revisionist cliques in power, as well as against U.S. im. hundred demonstratJo.; and the arbitrary arrest of several ~/x.s/ perialism and Soviet revisionism, who also oppress and hundred militant demonstrators. Se"\leral reactionary exploit the European peoples. The people of Czechoslo- policemen were severely injured in the battle. It was vakia are rising against the fascist, social-imperialist 'one of the biggest and most militant mass actions aud 'aggression of Soviet revisionism and their traitorous -demonstrations that has ever taken place in Rome. collaborators, the Dubcek rivisionist clique. In Western The revolutionary mass movement in Europe is the Europe, as the contradictions amongst the imperialists inevitable outcome of the deepening contradictions in' grow with the deepening politico-economic crisis in the capitalist society. It is the manifestation of the rapid bourgeois world, (just as the contradictions among the deepening of the general crisis of capitalism-in the era in revisionist countries are sharpening), the masses have which imperialism is heading for final and total collapse increasingly made U.S. imperialism and its aggressive and soc.ialism is advancing toward worldwide victory, and counter:-revoiutionary NATO military alliance the target is an objective necessity which no reactionary forec can \ of their attacks. On numerous occasions. in every country hold back. It symbolises a great, new awakening of the in Western Europe, U.S. consulates and "cultural centres" revolutionary proletariat and people of Europe and is have been stormed by the angry masses, massive demons- dealing the international monopoly capitalist groups, and trations condemning U.S. imperialist aggression in Vietnam the imperialist system as a whole, a. shattering blow. and other parts of the world have been staged, and u.S. imperialism's interference in and control over the affairs 'C ••• France is the land where, more than anywhere else, the of their own countries vehemently condemned. historical class struggles were each time fought out to a The number one representative of. U.S. imperialism, decision .. ." (Engels, Introduction to the third edition of Nixon, is at present visiting Western Europe in an attempt The Eighteenth B1·umai1·e). to patch up the disintegrating European alliance and ••... a lull has set in th~ revolutionary struggle of the French reinstate U.S. imperialism's shaky dominance in it, as well proletariat; al,though, long as this lu.u may be, it does a.s to reassure the European monopoly capitalists that U.S. not at all preclude the possibility that, in the coming imperialism will not make more deals with Soviet revi- proletarian revolution, France may show herself to be sionism behind their backs. Nixon's visit has once again the classic land of the class struggle to a finish." demonstrated the deep hatred of the European people for (Lenin, State and Revolution) .. U.S. imperialism. Wherever he goes-Brussels, London, West Berlin, Paris or Rome-he is confronted with The Economic Crisis And Sharpening massive demonstrations, and the angry masses shout, Class Contradictions "Nixon get out I" "U.S. imperialis~ get out of Vietnam !", A glorious new page was written last May in the history "Smash U.S.-Soviet plot for world domination!" In of the French people and prole~ariat, who, almost a century 58 LIBERATION FRANCE 10DAY 59

ago, for the first time in history, seized power from the workers against retrenchment. 1,500 mergers took place bourgeoisie and established the Paris Commune. The in '67. At the same time the French monopolists have revolutionary mass movement of the French workers and ..e..! stfpped up their ruthless exploitation of the working class. students last May has lit a spark which has spread the With regard to agriculture, the French ruling circles flames of revolutionary mass struggles all over Eur~pe. have followed the policy of encouraging the big capitalist The general political and economic crisis in the entire farms to swallow the small and medium ones. This policy capitalist world is daily deepening and is sharply reflected has resulted in the steady pauperisation of the peasantry . in the politico-economic crisis in France. The financial and forces 100,000 of the labour force, in the rural areas to crisis, which has thrice shaken the whole capitalist system leave for the cities every year. in the past year and a half, has brought to the verge of Even small traders, petty bourgeois intellectuals and collapse three of the main currencies of the capitalist white collar employees such as teachers, clerks, lawyers world-the dollar, the pourd and the franc, and is a and journalists are finding it more and more difficult to manifestation of the insurmountable economic crisis in the make a proper livelihood. Recently the merchants and imperialist countries. The biggest over-production crisis traders all over France have occupied municipal offices since 1929 has developed in the capitalist world. Capital and seized tax records as protest against the government's has accumulated immense stocks of unsold merchandise, "added-value" tax, which has sent prices shooting further forcing Ihe closure of factories, and causing growing un- up. The prices of consumer goods rose 10% in '67 over employment and iI?-creasing misery and pauperization of the previous year, and continue to rise steeply. the masses. As a result of this "solution" of pushing the economic The general economic crisis of capitalism is reflected burden on the backs of the people, there are in France in a concentrated form in France. The French economy, today between 700,000 and one million unemployed workers, already by '67, was rapidly deteriorating. The intense the highest figure since World War II, and the unemployed struggle for world markets among the imperialist powers; youths number 200,000. Many students after graduating the policies of monetary inflation and taxation followed by are faced with unemployment. In this situation the Franch the Franch ruling circles, in an attempt to strengthen people have taken the path of resolute and uncompromising French monopoly capital, whieh have led to a steady struggle against the moribund capitalist system. decline in the purchasing pewer of the people and their living standard; and the "unfavourable position of the The "Storm of May" French monopoly enterprises in regard to technique, In the last few years, the French workers have waged management and production, are important reasons for the strike after strike in defence of their vital interests, and decline of the French economy. their movement has grown and become strengthened To cope with the intensified competition of the world through numerous struggles. The last few years have also market, the French ruling circles (in their Fifth Plan), been a period of vigorous development of the movement of have encouraged the mergers between monopolies and the the students (both in the universities and lycees or high disappearance of small enterprises, which has led to schools) against the decadent bourgeois educational and mounting unemployment and numerous struggles of the social systems. In May '68, ~he struggle of the French 60 LIBERATION FRANCE TaDAY 61 ,.arkers and students reached a peak. Inspired by the The "Starm af May" was a pawerful saurce af inspira- evergrawing warld-wide revalutianary .situatian and by tian far the revalutionary peaple all over the warld. Itself China's Great Praletarian Cultural Revalutiari, the French inspired by the maunting revolutianary struggles af the warkers and students launched heraic and pawerful warld's peaples and. in particular, by China's Great struggles against the maribund manapaly capitalist system. Praletarian Cultural Revalutian, it has in turn, given 30 The Marxist-Leninists af France achieved impartant prafaund revalutionary impetus to. the· internatianal successes in the May. mavement. They expased th~ revalutianary mavement, especially to. the revalutianary treacheraus manaeuvres af the revisianists, Tratskyites, mass struggles in Eurape. J. Jurquet, camenting an the and anarchists, and several thausand demanstratars came internatianal significance af the May mavement, .writes; over to. the side af the revalutianaries, raising high the red "The revalutianarystarm which swept aver France has hanner af Marxism-Leninism. Thausands 6f warkers, had impartant repercussians in the whal€ af W. Europe. di8gusted with the betrayal af the revisianists, tare up ... the magnitude and farms af the movement in France their revisianist party membership cards. have awakened a new enthusiasm in the Hearts of innumer- The strike mavement af the ten millian French warkers able yaung people, student in mast cases, in many cauntries. fram every branch, in particular af industry, dealb a severe Dnder the sign af active. salidarity with the French blaw to. the capitalist ecanamy and greatly accelerated the studends who were engaged in struggle against repressian, callapse af the franc. During the ane manth strike peri ad ar in arder to put farwa~d their own demands, the students the entire industrial praductian came to. a standstill, trans- fallawed the example of t4e student 'Cammune' af the part and cammunicatians were campletely disrupted and Quartier Latin, in Italy, in Spain, in Belgium, in Germany, the ecanamic life af the cauntry paralysed. It caused the in Great Britain, in Yugoslavia, in Turkey and in a general grass autput value to. fall by 6%at least, a lass af abaut fashian in Latin America. Everywhere, in heroic battles 36,000 millian franCJs far the French manapaly capitalists. which cannat passibly be realised in details, they have Besides, there was a lass af markets and French exparts raised the red flag, singing the Intemationale and have were reduced by ane third due to. the drap in praductian and delay in deliveries resulbing fram the strike. This' faught with caurage against the forces af repress ian, inspired by the French example. resulted in a big fall in France's fareign exchange earnings and a serious deteriaratian af France's internatianal balance "They have erected barricades in Italy, III Spain, and in variaus ather countries, braving far haul'S the assaults of payments, The fareign trade gap has widened and the af the palice despatched against them like in Paris. Such £nancial deficit has risen enarmausly. The Bank af France .discl~sed that since the May strikes France last mare actians canfer an unquestionable internatianal character to. the great days af the revolutianary struggle af May-June than a quarter of its total gald &.nd fareign exchange '68." (Extract fram Le P1'internps Revolutionai1'e de '68, reserves, Taday, the French monap.aly capitalists are by J. J urqet.) the mast indebted. of the imperialist baurgeaisie, its balance Since last June the French ruling circles have adapted a of paymellts showing a deficit af almast 20% in spite af its number af fascist measures to. break up the organizations 'Palitics af "austerity" and intensification of the explaitatian ·af the warking-class. af the warkers and students and to suppress the mass mavement. All demanstratians were banned as af June LIBERA'IION FRANCE TODAY 63

12th, '68, along with several organizations of workers and The Working-Class Is Advancing Steadily And Becoming .students, while many generals of the fascist OAS were Stronger Every Day In The Struggle released from jail and given a free hand to intimidate the Against Fascist Repression masses. The systematic sacking and arrests of militant The French workers are proving once again that the workers, the employment of shock troops and police French monopoly capitalist class, like all decadent and repression in- the -tniversities are all preparation~ for. reactionary forces, is outwardly fierce but inwardly weak further fascization. Political deception went alongside and panicky. De Gaulle's "m€asures" and threats were' brutal repression, such as the "National Assembly election" Immediately resisted by the revolutionary workers. The hoax and De Gaulle's "participation" which the revisionists several thousand workers of the three Renault factories, joyfully hailed. who played a leading role in the "May Storm", struck A new financial crisis whose brunt was borne by the in protest against the oppressive policies in early December. franc, swept over the 'capitalist world in November '68. The workers of the Citroen Motor Co. also went on strike The imperialists quarreled bitterly amongst themselves in protest against the bourgeois repression and the unjust and tried to pass the burden on to each other, and, finally, dismissal of two militant workers. on to the ,backs .0£ the people-which is invariably capita- Already at the end of October, the workers of the lism's sole criminal 'solution' for' its perpetual crisis. De Citroen Motor Co. had staged a series of militant protests Gaulle indicated that a host of "austerity measures" would and demonstrations in ~defiance of the government ban, be adopted, among which is a tax increase o£ more than against the, "businsss deal" between the Citroen Co. and 2,500 million francs, the raising of electricity and gas the Fiat Co., which gives the Fiat Co. virtual control over rates and railway fares, and the freezing of workers' wage'S the bankrupt Citroen Co. This merger "deal" between (while prices rose about 5%). At the same time he the international monopoly groups is a. direct threat to warned that further brutal fascist measureS would be taken jobs of thousands of workers. The revisionist scabs who against the French people to put an end to "all agitations control the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), and demonstrations, all tumults and processions". Mixing shamelessly condemned the militant protests of the workers deception with threats, he urged the workers to cease their as being "against the interests of the workers", while they -struggles and called for "national unity to save the franc". feverishly worked behind the scenes with the bosses to work The 'revisionists, in ardent support, echoed their bourgeois

militants III the name of fighting "adventurism" and at bayonet are being met with ever-growing resistance by the same time carefully pointed them out to the the people. The process of fascization in France and other bourgeoisie. capitalist countries is a sign of the rapid weakening of the In February and March this year, a wave of strikes, nile of the monopoly capitalists and the profound political waged solely at the initiative of the rank and file workers, crisis of the whole capitalist world. Bourgeois democracyf swept over the country. The most important of the strikes has been stripped off its mask. and in its place stand~ were at Man~, Sochaux, Tudor and the station of Lyons. revealed the real police rule. ' Other import'ant strikes waged by the workers in defence During the mounting nation-wide strikes described of their vital interests, were the strike of the 10,000 above, the revisionist trade union bosses and bureaucrats, metallurgists at Girond, the week-long strike by the were pushed aside by the workers in most cases, and even Renault workers at the end of February, the strike at the bourgeois press called it "wild trade unionism". At. Caillol; and at the Bachette Syndicate Trust in early this period, the revisionist bosses of the CGT were demand- March whose factories were occupied by the workers. ing that the workers should give up their struggle, Armed police had sealed off a part of the town and because they wanted to hold "negotiations" with the- surrounded the factories in an attempt to break the strike bourgeoisie at Tilsit, which, they claimed, would be more by force and threats. The revisionist and bourgeuis press, successful in a "peaceful atmosphere". Already in May which has joined in a conspiracy to suppress all news of . '68, these revisionist scabs had betrayed the' 10 million militant struggles, kept its usual silence over the struggle workers of France, who were then mobilised, in the- of the Hachette workers also. But news of it appeared name of holding "negotiations" with the bourgeoisie at on ppsters drawn up by the "Comite D'Action" ("Action Grenelle. Tilsit, like Grenelle, was another miserable Committees") of the rank and file militants at work-places failure, another betrayal. The bourgeoisie refused the and living quarters on the side-walks of Paris. slightest concession. On 11th March, a nation-wide general strike paralysed As the rank and file could not be deceived any longer entire France and marked a fresh upsurge of the working and were becoming increasingly militant and "unmanage- \ class struggle in France, It was the first powerful mobi- able", the CGT was driven into a corner and had the Ilisation of the workers and people since May '68, and a "imprudence" to propose the general strike on March 11. "new turning point" to quote L'Humanite Rouge of the But March 11 proved not to be a day of "trade union mass struggle in France unity", for which the revisionists had hoped and by which This powerful mobilisation was due mainly to the rising they mean suppression of the revolutionary ideology of fury of tl:1emasses against "the hardening of the b0urgeois the proletariat, Marxism-LeninisID-Mao Tsetung Thought. dictatorship", its fascization. The monopoly capitalists, but the day on which revisionism received many more while stepping up the tempo of production and its blows. On that day the revolutionary workers formulated-~ exploitation of the workers have refused to give even plans for more militant ,struggles against the monOPOIYI 'the slightest concession. Persecution and arrests in the capitalists, for the occupation of factories. They openly factories, universities and workers' quarters, the brutal defied the revision~sts who tried to limit the mobilisation suppression of the masses and the naked rule of the to mere economic demands with slogans like "increase L-July 5 66 LIBERATION of salaries". But the revolutionary workers and the ma.ny militant students politicalized the massive demonstra- tions at Paris and other cities and regions with their slogans: "Grenelle, Tilsit treason", "national interest, Communist Party of Britain (ML) capitalist interest," "Down with revisionism, Long Live Communism". The militants held political discussions in Hails Communist Par~y which the revisionists were forced to participate and were again exposed in their true colours before the of India (Marxist-Leninist) workers who constantly applauded the militants. This is an indication that the revolutionary proletarian ideology . Following is the message of greetings from the Commu- is taking roots among the masses of the French workers mst Party of B"itain (Marxist-Leninist) to the Communist and is becoming stronger with each passing day, while ~arty of India (Marxist-Leninist), published in the June zssue of The Worker. modern revisionism, especially after the glorious triumph 'Of the Great ;Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China, is in its death throes, doomed to the garbage heap of history, THE Communist Party of India's revisionist leadership -along with the decadent imperialist system which sustains was fully exposed in October 1962 when th e reac t'lOnary ~t. Marxism-Leninism.Mao Tsetung Thought will triumph! Nehru Government, acting on orders of its US and Russian What are the current tasks of the revolutionary French masters as well as its own capitalists and landlords who workers and the Marxist-Leninists How can the .desperately need chauvinism to divert the peopl f r ~h' . e rom working class and its vanguard carry the struggle forward r u • elr Just struggles, launched an attack on China over a The French Marxist-Leninist journal, L'Humanite .dIsputed border. The CPI renegades sided with the 'RoUge, (March 13th, '69, issue), in the article entitled government and helped to jail hundreds of communists. "Long Live the New Upsurge Of Mass Struggles", says: Unfortunately, among those jailed were leaders whose "The real communists have at present two tasks to achieve: Marxism lay in verbal attacks against revisionism and to hit each time harder at moribund capitalism, and to whose opportunism enabled many rank and filers to su~pose denounce and combat revisionism which serves as its these we~e genuine Marxists and to obey the decision, 1 bulwark. But to lead these struggles well it is necessary to 1rom on hIgh, to form a new Party in 19M-the Commu_ get organized. This organization starts at the basis· ..rank nist Party of India (Marxist). The underlying revisionism and file committees must be formed, workers' commissions, of these so-called "left" communist leaders like Namboodiri- worker-student committees, action committees to unite the workers who have decided to take their fate in their own pad, Basu, Ranadive etc., was Seen most clearly when hands. But this organization among the rank and file is they were released from prison in 1966-a release which inseparable not only from a co-ordination, but also from a was undoubtedly ordered in order to curb the militant rank correct line. This direction can only be given by the ,and filers busy. developing genuine mass struggles. The vanguard armed with Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought. so-called MarXIsts crushed all such movam'ents and Let's get organized at the base ~nd in action! mobilised. their ranks to fight the 4th general election s. In Unify the Marxist-Leninist vanguards !" thelr attachment to bourgeois parliament they were not a 68 LIBERA~ION' whit less revisionist than the Dangeites. After coming to power in West Bengal and Kerala through shabby alliances with the class enemy, including big landlords, these supposed Marxists revealed their treachery by trying to suppress peasants and workers, rising up in revolt against (Chinese Foreign Ministry Strongly the most appall~ng conditions of exploitation and oppression. Protests Against Soviet Government's When the poor peasants of Naxalbari, in the tea garden region of North Bengal, rose up in armed rebellion not Direction of Troops to Intrude Into simply against landlords but against an oppressive state, under the leadership of the local communist unit, they China's Territory And Create were attacked by armed police and soldiers being ordered by CPI(M\ Ministers! Since Naxalbari in May 1967 to· Incident of Bloodshed April 1969 the genuine communists of the land, pledged THE Foreign Ministry of the People~ Republic of China to the overthrow of the reactionary semi-colonial and semi- sent a Note to the Soviet Embassy in China on June 11, feudal Indian Republic, which is the puppet of both Anglo- strongly protesting against the Soviet government for US imperialism and Soviet social imperialism, spread directing Soviet troops to intrude into the western part armed revolt among workers north and south. On April of the Barluk mountains in Yumin county of the Sinkiang 22, 1969, the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Lenin. Uighur Autonomous Region, China, on June 10 and they formed the first revolutionary communist party of deliberately create a fresh. incident of bloodshed. The full India, pledged to carry the Indian revolution of the Indian text of the note reads as follows : peasants and workers through to the end, through protracted people's warfare to be launched in India's villages. We Embassy of the U.S.S.B. in China: Bend our warmest revolutionary greetings. to them and pledge our solidarity with them. At 21:30 hours in the evening of June 10, dozens of 'Soviet troops intruded into the western part of the Barluk mountains in Yumin county of the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China, carried out wanton provocations against three Chinese herdsmen who were grazing cattle there and kidnapped one of the herdsmen. At 21:40 hours in the same evening when Chinese frontier guards proceeded to make representations, the Soviet -troops, truculently refusing to talk reason, were the -first to open fire, killing a Chinese herdswoman on the spot. Driven beyond the limits of forbearance, the ·Chinese frontier guards were compelled!to fight back in ,self-defence. This is a fresh incident of bloodshed created :solely by the Soviet government. Furthermore, the Soviet r

70 LIBERATION troops subsequently sent large numbers of tanks and Red Area of Revolutionary Struggle- armoured cars to intrude into Chinese territory in an attempt to provoke still larger armed conflicts. The . Expands In Andhra Despite Campaign- incident is developing. of Suppression I The Chinese Government hereby lodges a strong protest with the Soviet government against its direction or Soviet "The furore over the Telengana issue", bewailed the troops to encroach on Chinese territory and deliberately Statesman's special representative in South India the create an incident of bloodshed, and demands that the- other day, "seems to have diverted public attention Soviet government immediately stop its encroachment on from a much more dangerous development in Andhra Chinese territory, immediately stop its armed provo

Palakonda-were declared by the reactionary government '11110ne. Here the Ryot~a Sangrama Samithi-the new 'Of Andhra Pradesh to be "disturbed areas". Several ,organ of state po~'::::'is carrying on investigation about Central Reserve Police battalions were rushed to the lands the owners of which have escaped or have been -district, and the Srikakulam countryside, where the (,:annihilated by the guerrillas and about lands surrendered Cl guerrilla struggle is raging, is dotted with police camps by the landlords. The Samithi will soon undertake the which number 62 to 65. About two months ago, the work of di~uting these lands among the poor and Chief Secretary, the Inspector General of Police and other landless peasants. Here, in every village, the ~~9Pl.e~ high officials of the Central and State governments met and -Court set~les disputes among the people themselves and ,decided to recover the initiative from Communist hands. ~etes out justice to the enemies of the people. No doubt, So this campaign of encirclement and suppression was started the People's Court strengthens the unity 'Of the people in in right earnest by the reactionary governments at the centre their struggle against the enemy. as well as in the State. But this campaign has failed: the Both on the hills and in the plains, guerrilla struggle mercenary gentleman of the press who wrote the above is rousing and mobilizing the people as nothing else can. report in the Statesman has also admitted this failure. It is giving confidence to them-faith in their own power As he bewails, raids on houses of landlords and the ambush- --and has unleashed the people's initiative. At Pad ma- ing of police patrols have become regular features. The }>uram in Sompeta taluk the people organized themselves -enemy has tailed to win back the initiative from the :and informed our comrade that certain landlords were ./ Communist hands. The armed struggle in Srikakulam has notorious: "Comrades, come and punish them, and seize reached a new stage with regular ambushing of t~e police by their property. If you don't come, we shall seize it and the guerrillas at a time when the campaign of encirclement give the gun to you." They themselves organized such an ,an1 suppression is going on. While a phenomenal expansion ~'action qn April 24. To ether with the guerrillas, hundre~s ~ • 'Of the red area of revolutionary armed struggle is taking -of people marched to Pliomapuram, con scated the~:-

place in Srikakulam and various other districts of Andhrat property of a landlord and handed over the landlord's gun -1.10 •..•• ;red political power has come to exist in 300 villages of the to the guerrillas. The Party cadres are acquiring a new Agency area despite the vicious attempts of the ~nemy to iaith in the people. In the Bathapuram area of Sompeta ~ncircle and suppress it. Terrified landlords have fled away taluk severe repression has been going on. Even several 1.and the Agency area today is free of the class enemy. women have been raped. The people organized them- I Here no machinery of the reactionary government operates. selves to fight the repression and to take revenge. The Here no forest or revenue official of the reactionary JIlotorious landlords have fled away even from the plains government, no panchayet samiti man, can enter. The area of Sompeta taluk. The fact is, when a guerrilla actio!! guerrillas and members of village self-defence squads try takes place in one area,' masses are so roused that they to protect the village'S from police marauders. The themseIVes move and go on sE'rizing the property of the .administration is run, production is looked after, and landlords en masse. A typical case was the action in Bori- disputes are settled by the Ryotanga Sangrama Samithi, vanka,-~--a village in Ichapuram taluk, on May 19 when two the revolutionary mass organization of the peasants, which notorious landlords were annihilated. Here even farm has a membership of more than 8,000 in the Agency area :servants took part in the action.-- 74 LIBERATION RED AREA OF ANDRRA 75

After the Borivanka action, the class enemies tried to> camp was subsequently removed. In another encounter annihilate our comrades and Comrade P. Krishnamurty's two policemen were seriously injured. murder was planned by them. They kept watch on the- The entire Pathapatnan taluk was roused by the action movements of Comrade ,Krishnamurty and succeeded in on May 11 at Ethamanuguda of Pathapatnam Agency area. get~ing him and six other comrades murdered by the police. For seven days before the notorious landlord was annihilated ThIs murder has roused the anger and hatred of our- and his property was confiscated, 200 people, besides the comrades and people throughout Srikakulam, throughout members of guerrilla squads, had- camped in a nearby Andhra and steeled their detEjrmination. From Chittor place. The people in the surrounding areas, who fed them, from Nello~e, from all over Andhra, letters are pouring in:, knew the fact but it was kept a secret from the enemy. letters tellmg the Andhra Organizing Committee of the Party that "Comra~e P.K.'s 'path is our path and we- The masses were in action again at Loharajola in the must avenge his death." The class enemies are nervous. Pathapatnam plains area, where severe repression has been They are now saying that the murder of Comrade F.K. has going on. At this place, only 6 furlongs from vhe nearest been a grave mistake, because the communists are now police camp, 1200 to 1500 peo Ie besides some s uads of so angry that they will wipe out the entire landlord / guerrillas, too part in the action. Four landlords' houses- (class. . were seIzed. One landlo-;d, na~ed Induvadananaidu, was Class hatred has been so much roused that, on June, 19-, annihilated; two-landlords surrendered; and the fourth I 400 people, including a lar~e number of women comrades on-;,naIDed Mungetisatyam, who was less notorious than ~articipated in an action at Akkupalli in Tekkali taluk und;; the others, was caught and taken to the Party centre~ the leadershIp of the Sompeta Area Party Committee. Our politics was explained to him. H~ was told that only Here the class enemy was annihilated with vengeance and the most notorious class enemies were annihilated. He his property was confisc!ted. Here, on the walls of the promised to correct' himself. He was told that the landlord's house were written with his blood, "Blood foJ' Ryotanga Sangrama Samithi had fixed the price of paddy bloo~,': "~ou murdered P.K., so we will annihilate you aU at 3 seers per rupee and was warned against cheating by -thIS IS only the beginning." The slogans "Long live Mao, tne use of false weights. He agreed to carry out these Tsetung" and "Long live Indian Revolution" were also> instructions. The People's Court fined him Rs. 500 and " •. ordered his release. written with the blood of the class enemy. At Konaka in • Sompeta taluk, a very notorious ,?ig landlord owning 2000 This had a very good effect. Mungetisatyam went

acres of land was annihilated._, It is reported that th'IS about saying everywhere that the communists are good and landlord had paid money to a renegade who spied on confessing his own misdeeds committed in the past. It is Comrade P.K. understood that some rethinking has started among the . In the ~rst part of Ma." in an encounter with the police; landlords, particularly, among the small ones. So this ." j m Parvatipuram, 5 policemen were killed. Here, again action has disorganized the landlords who were trying to on May 2, a police attack was beaten back. The polic:' organize themselves. camps at Aviri and J arada were attacked by the guerrilla During the above action the policemen in the nearby sguads, whQ threw grenades and opened fire. The Aviri tcamp did not intervene- out of fear. Next day, all the 15 RED AREA OF ANDHRA 77 76 LIBERATION at Chandavaram in Narasaraopeta taluk of Guntur, a big: policemen of the camp were suspended by the Superinten- dent of Police, landlord was annihilated, his property was seized andJ promissory not~' Rs. 1,00,000 were burnt. In Karim- •• At Tumbali in the Parvatipuram plains, a landlord, nagar, one guerrilla action has taken place. In Janagam Gudlasiddhanthi by name, was annihilated, his property was and Mankota taluks of Warangal, a series of actions have· , seized and promissory notes worth Rs 1,00,000 were burned. taken place under the leadership of our g~rilla squads .. rt ~ne. th,ousand people p~rticipa.ted in this action in a well- In Mulugu taluk of vVarangal, some ii.'ctions have been dlsClplmed manner under the guidance of guerrilla squads. organized by revolutionary cadres who do not yet belong Today, in every nook and corner of Srikakulam district to our Party. In Kothagudam and Bhadrachalam taloks of and in many other parts of Andhra, people themselves are fthammam, Elany guerrilla actions have taken place und~r' .•• sending letters to the landlords using the name of the the leadership of our Party as well as under the leadershLp, Ryotanga Sangrama Samithi or the Communist Party, of other revolution~ry cadres. The. Party hails aU telling them that they are notorious landlords, that they these actions though it is unfortunate that a leader of will be annihilated and their property will ~e confiscated. the Nagi Reddy group, in Janagam taluk of W~rang~b Landlords have fled away from some areas; in certain denounced such actions l:l,S acts of dacoity. It IS stI~ others, they stay away for the night. more unfortunate that Janashakti, the organ of the Nag!: In the Pathapatnam plains the landlords met at a Reddy group, is content merely with condemning the police -conference and proposed to reduce the price of paddy etc. repression and still refuses to hail the revolutionary. ~rmed One Congress landlord opposed the proposal. The people struggle that threatens today to spread like a prame fire- ·came to know of this, resolved to aiinihilate him and' throughout Andhra Pradesh. ,contacted the Party Committee. In the Pathapatnam plains, a farm servant, when harassed by a landlord, said to him: "You have the military, we have the People's Army. What happened in Loharajola recently r The People's Army will come and annihilate " In the revolution in semi.colonial China, the peasant -you. Your property will be seized." His words had an immee.iate effect. This shows the mood of the oppressed strug~l~ must always fail if it does not have the !eader~hip of peasantry. • the workers, but the revolution is never harmed If the peasant struggle outstrips the forces of the workers." ..,. The guerrilla struggle is spreading like wild fire to MAO .TSETUNG, f :ty.!:upparruvillage in Eluru taluk was an.::.~ated. At Rajolu in Repalle taluk of Guntur the property of a landlord was confiscated. In another action REPORTS FROM UTTAR PRADESH AND BIHAR 79 Reports from Uttar Pradesh But no amount of repression can stop the revolutionary .armed struggle from advancing, be it in Palia or in Mora- and Bihar .dabad or in Nainital. What is more, the armed struggle has already spread to wider areas in Palia. No matter REVOLUTIONARY peasants' armed struggle in the rural what repressive measures the reactionary ruling classes areas of India continues to develop and expand, may take, the revolutionary people led by the Communist particularly after the formation of the Communist Party revolutionaries cannot be cowed; they are preparing to .of India (Marxist-Leninist). The peasants' revolutionary deal effectively with every repressive measure . armed struggle led by the Party is spreading deeper and faster than ever before in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar as in many other states of Inaia. Bihar: Uttar Pradesh: Peasants' armed struggle continues to spread in the rural areas of Muzaffarpur district. On the night of June With the spread of peasants' revolutionary armed 13, a peasant guerrilla unit organized a raid on the house o~ struggle in newer places in the Palia area in the Lakhimpur .a notorious landlord in Paharchak village under Barura] I ,district, the reactionary police have run amuck. They police station. This landlord was a tyrant and -severely carried out terror-raids in Khejiria, Krishnanagar, Rani- oppressed the peasants. He had made every effort to nagar, Ibrahimpur villages and beat up men, women and -crush the peasants' revolutionary struggle wit.h the .children alike. They are also organizing provocative raids r actionary armed police force. During the raid, the peasant ,across the India-Nepal border-in Nepalese territory- ~errmas annihilated the landlord and his two accompli~es, to force the Nepalese authorities to agree to carry seized all the legal deeds and documents_ concernIng out joint suppression campaigns against the revolutionary land and confiscated the ornaments pawned out by peasants. peasants. For instance, the reactionary Indian police , Greatly enthused by this just action of the guerrillas, organized dacoity in the house of one Rajaram (Radha) hundreds of peasants gathered after the raid. All the deeds and later again in the house of one Bir Singh (Baisakhi), and documents in respect of land seized by the guerrillas both places being in the Nepalese territory. A few weeks were burned before the assembled peasants; steps were ago, the reactionary Indian armed police entered into a taken.to return the ornaments pa.wned out to the landlord village in Nepalese terri tory, raided the house of Comrade . and c~nfiscated by the guerrillas to their rightful owners. Jiut and beat up his wife and two children. They also This successful armed action by the peasant guerrillas, intimidated and oppressed other villagers. They are led by Communist revolutionaries, has tremendously forcing labourers to construct various military structures heightened their prestige among the peasant masses, and in some places in the forest and to dig "trenches" witiiout has also aroused them to take part in revolutionary activity. payment. With this raid, the area of the armed peasant guerrillas' Peasants are being arrested and tortured. Police raids .activity has extended from Paru to Baruraj P.S The have been carried out in some 30 places in Nainital, olice has so far failed to trace any revolutionary in this f Moradabad and Lakhimpur districts. p . ~onnection. NOTES 80 LIBERATION: 81

On the night of July 5, peasant· guerrillas led by Commu- NOTES nist revolutionaries successfully carried out a raid on the. ( Continued from page 32 ) house of a landlord at Narsinghpur village in Mushahari' block in Muzaffarpur district and seized his property. and fostered them as their anti-China hatchetmen. The Soviet revisionists, particularly the Brezhnev-Kosygin Two class enemies were shot dead and twelve others. clique. have relentlessly pursued the policy of tightening (the landlord's relatives and bad characters hired by him their grip over India and of making the Indian ruling clique to fight the peasantry) were injured. The guerrillas Were. an increasingly more docile and pliable tool in their hands. armed with indigenous weapons besides bombs and fire- arms. The Indian reactionary rulers, in their turn, gratefully oblige their masters in Moscow and Washington. by The landlord of Narsinghpur had played the chief role . carrying out their behests. since, owing to their deepenmg • in hunting down the revolutionaries during the historic isolation from the people, the masters' support is increa- Mushahari struggle. He had taken the armed police singly proving vital for them to cling on to the citadel. of around many villages for tracking down the underground' power. The social-imperialist interests of the SOVIet leaders. He was instrumental in burning down dozens of revisionist renegade clique and the anti-people interests of huts, looting away the property of the peasants, and in, the Indian reactionary rulers have become so intimately subjecting indiscriminately the peasants, old and young, interwoven that one cannot exist without the support of the male and female, to inhuman torture. other. The Soviet social-imperialists, in collusion with U.S. The Party Committee of the area had blacklisted him. imperialists, have even brazenfacedly introduced a most as enemy No.1 and was all the time preparing for a sinister and unique 'convention'-the convention of choosing successful attack. Now, the Red guerrillas following the openly by consultation among themselves the person who t.eachings or the Chairman have avenged the brutal! would head the Indian central government. Successors to assaults made on the peasants. While conducting the Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri were chosen in this operations, revolutionary slogans like "Mao Tsetung: manner. Such is the extent of dependence of the Indian Lal Salam", "Na.xalbari Lal Salam", "Long live Agrarian. reactionaries on their US.-Soviet masters. Revolution" were shouted. After the raid, the guerrillas. disappeared. On May 6 and 7, Kosygin, the Soviet revisionist chief- This heroic feat of the people's armed force has tremen-. tain, who had taken the opportunity of attending the dously enhanced the fighting morale of the peasantry and funeral of the deceased Indian President Zakir Hussain. has completely demoralised the class enemy. The J ana held lengthy secret talks with Indira Gandhi. Western Sangh men came to offer their help to the landlord's family and Indian press reports revealed that the talks centred under police escort. None of the guerrillas have yet round "the two countries' mutual border problems with been arrested. China." The Soviet revisionists wanted the Indian re- . Thus, between June and July (i.e., within the short actionaries to "form a common approach" towards streng- I period of one month), three guerrilla raids have been ma.de- thening the anti-China military alliance. Thus tutored, \ in Muzaffarpur district, killing 4 enemies and injuring 15.. Indira Gandhi hurriedly made a trip to Tokyo to have counter-revolutionary collaboration with the reactionary

L-July 6 82 LIBERATION: NOTES 88'

Sato government of Japan in helping U.S. imperialism and Communist Party of China headed by Chairman Ma.oand Soviet revisionism to rig up a counter-revolutionary Vice-chairman Lin Piao are the truest friends of the military alliance in Asia against China, aga.inst communism Indian people, and have always provided genuine and .and against the revolutionary people. Indira Gandhi's whole-hearted support to the Indian people in their visit to Tokyo served the interests of both U.S. imperia- struggle against imperialism and domestic reaction. But lism and Soviet revisionism. U.S. imperialism had long U.S. imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism, the Indian wanted Japanese and Indian reactionaries to collaborate for reactionary rulers and their jackals-the renegade Dange -serving its policy of aggression, and Indira Gandhi's visit clique and Namboodiripad, Jyoti Basu & Co.-are all trying was jointly plalJ.ned by U.S. imperialism and Soviet unitedly to whip up an anti-China hysteria, to build a. revIsIOnism. Going by reports, India Gandhi's main effort counter-revolutionary public opinion in India against during this visit was to discuss with Sato and Co. the ways China, against revolution, against communism. This is and means of putting into effect the Soviet revisionist plot because, apart from the uSe of the Indian soil and of Indian for an "Asian collective security system." She admitted resources, U.S. imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism there that Kosygin had talked with her about this need millions of Indian people to serve as cannon-fodder "proposal" in New Delhi earlier in the month. She to carry out their policy of aggression against China and ( further said that the aim of this "proposal" is to "contain" • to suppress revolutionary movements' elsewhere in Asia. 'China's "influence in Asia." As expected, Sato evinced India. occupies a pivotal position in the Soviet social- great interest in the Soviet revisionists' "proposal". imperialists' "system of collective security in Asia." Indira Gandhi also obliged Sato and his master-U.S. But the imperialists' and social-imperialists' wild desires imperialism-by' .committing Indian support to U.S. will never be fulfilled. The Indian people, inspired by imperialist aggressive plots in the Pacific region of Asia. the brilliant Mao Tsetung Thought, have already embarked To pressmen, she said that though India is outside on the path of revolutionary armed struggle, and will never "Pacific Asia," "India is prepared to cooperate'with the allow themselves to be used as cannon ·fodder ·to serve the projected system" sponsored by U.S. imperialism through criminal designs of U.S. imperialism against China and the so-called "Asian and Pacific Council." At a press against the revolutionary people of Asia. They are deter- conference, she said that Japan and India must "cooperate mined to turn India from a base of aggression against closely'" and "help each other" in serving the common China and the Asian people into a base of revolution and: policy of U.S. imperialism and Soviet soc.ial-imperialism to fight unitedly with mighty Socialist China and the -the policy of opposing China and committing aggression revolutionary people of Asia and the world to aestroy U.S. In Asia. imperia.lism, Soviet social-imperialism and all their These criminal aggressive activities by U.S. imperialism lackeys, including the Indian reactionaries. and Soviet revisionist social-imperialism and their lackeys, This is not the first time that imperialists have tried the Indian reactionary rulers-who mercilessly exploit and. to check the victorious march of people's revolution and brutally oppress the Indian people-canilOt but arouse the Marxism. They tried to "contain" the new-born Soviet just anger and hatred of the Indian people. The great Union in the days of Lenin, and more than a dozen Chinese ~pe.ople led by the great, glorious, and correcl> imperialist states and their lackeys launched aggression to LIBERATlO~ NOTES 85

smother the flame of the October Revolution. And it ended postponements the revisionist farce was staged in Moscow oisastrously for the imperialists. Now, they are trying to in June this year. Though it was intended to consolidate "contain" a mighty Socialtst China enjoying the support the revisionist camp, to establish the Kosygin-Brezhnev 'Ofthe revolutionary people the world over. Can there be .clique·s full political and organizational control over the any doubt how this will end r No matter what fiendish revisionist forces, to co-ordinate, direct and intensify their tricks U.S. imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism may struggles aaginst Socialist China, Socialist Albania and adopt to rig up their "system of collective security in Asia," national Eberation struggles, and to rally SUl)port to the their attempt is bound to end more disastrously and more Soviet social-imperialists' plan of joint world domination ignominiously. Conspiring to launch aggression against with the U.S. imperialists, it turned out to be the very China and to stop the irresistible revolutionary tide of the 'Opposite of what the Soviet revisionist renegade clique Asian people, U.S. imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism -expected of it. and their lackeys are merely hastening to their inevitable The meeting exposed the sharp contradictions between ooom. There can be no doubt whatsoever that the people the interests of the Soviet revisionists and those of other 'OfIndia fighting shoulder to shoulder with the great revisionist parties. They are indeed united in their fight Chinese people and with the revolutionary people the ~gainst socialism and revolution but many of these parties world over under the all-conquering banner of Mao revisionist brothers behind his policy of close collabora. social-imperialists wanted the conference to serve their tion with U.S. imperialis.m and to ostracize Socialist China needs-the needs of their counter-revolutionary global and Socialist Albania who opposed this treacherous policy. strategy. According to Reuter and AFP, the main points For the last five years Khrushchov and his successors of the principal document of the conference were "calls had worked hard to implement his plan. And after several for Communist unity against imperialism, co-existence NOTES 87 86 LIBERATION'

between States regardless of social system, abolition of .communist unity is growing rapidly: within the last milit,ary alignments, development of an effective European few yea.rs Communist Parties based on Marxism-Leninism- security system, and efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear Mao Tsetung thought have emerged almost in every weapons and eventually to ban them." It is rather amusing- country of the world and are forging the closest unity that the revisionists have still faith in their ability to with the great Communist Party of China and with one deceive the masses by issuing such hypocritical calls. .another. Revisionism, the close ally of imperialism and the There is no doubt that Communist unity against imperia- sworn enemy of the world's people, is fast disintegrating. lism-and against revisionism as well~is growing fast despite all the attempts of the revisionists to disrupt it. A GOOD BEGINNING Similarly, numerous facts prove how utterly hypocritical The youth and students of Calcutta gave the lead which are the calls for co-existence between states, for abolition was taken up by the youth and students in various other of military alignments, Jor development of an effective places of West Bengal. They stopped the screening of the European security system and for efforts to prevent the anti-Chinese film Satranj in several cinema halls of the city spread of nuclear weapons. The invasion of Czecho- and of other places. The exhibition of two other anti- slovakia by the new tsars of the Kremlin, their installing .chinese films, Humsaya and Kismat, has also been'stopped of at least three hundred long-range missiles in the People's by the revolutionary youth and students. They have done Republic of Mongolia, the numerous armed provocations an,excellent thing. The offensive of the U.S. imperialists, /against Socialist ?hin~, the latest call of Brezhnev froID the Soviet social-imperialists and their lackeys in the the Moscow meetmg Itself for the setting:up of a military .gphere of education and culture is most vicious. These ,enemies of the Indian people are using all means of educa- bloc in the name of Asian security-all these conclusively ..• d show that the Soviet· revisionists and the U.S. imperialists tion and culture-books; newspapers, journals, films, the are jackals of the same lair. radio etc.-to deprave and poison the minds of our people It is obvious that the world conference of the revi~ionists and to sow the seeds of hostility in them towards the great has flopped: the result is a wider split between the revi- people of Socialist China. Since October 1962, there has sionists though it aimed at greater consolidation. This is been a spate of anti-Chinese films -:-Indian and American. inevitable because the revisionist parties are bourgeois Many rabidly anti-Chinese films, produced by the U.S. parties, each serving the interests of the bourgeoisie of its 'monopolists, and claiming to be documentaries about the country. Naturally, insoluble contradictions are driving Tibetan serf-owners, now refugees in India, and about the revisionist parties apart. When the Soviet revisionist others, have been screened in almost' every cinema-hall in renegades preach the theories of "limited sovereignty", 0.£ India. The modern revisionists of both varieties have "international dictatorship" and of "the socialist commu- quietly .aided and abetted all this vile propaganda against nity" to justify their aggression and to impose their neo- Socialist China, the red bastion of world revolution. colonial rule over other countries, they are bound to face The revolutionary people of India will no longer suffer the resistance ,of the people of those countries. the friendship between the Indian and the Chinese people to be undermined; they will resolutely fight the counter- Today, the revisionist camp, riddled with sharp contra- revolutionary offensive of their enemies in the sphere of dictions, is, indeed, a decadent force. On the other hand, .culture as in other spheres. Quotation from Chairman Mao Tsetung It is essential to unite with the middle peasants, ana it is wrong not to do so. But on whom must the 'Workin{f class and the Communist Party rely in the countryside in order to unite with middle peasants and realize the socialist transformation of the entire countryside 1 Sv.,1·ply on none other than the poor peasant.~. That was the case when the struggle against the landlords was being waged and the land reform was being carried out, and that is the' case today when the struggle against the rich peasants and other capitalist elements is being waged to achieve the soeialist transformation of agriculture. In both these revolutionary periods, the middle peasants wavered in the initial stages. It is only after they clearly see the general trend of events and the approaching triumph of the revolu- \ - tion that the middle peasants will come in on the side of the revolution. The poor peasants must work on the middle peasants and win them over, so that the revolution win broaden from day to day until final v.ictory.

~.I "',"

The Editorial Board, Liberation, regrets that the- - .' concluding portion of the article "An Investigation into the- Nature and Forms of Exploitation: A Report of class. Analysis of a village" could not be published in this issue. It will appear in the August issue of Liberation.

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Lokayuddh (In Hindi) 60A, Keshab Ch. Sen Street, Cal-9 Some Questions Concerning ../ Methods of Leadership-Mao Tsetung 1 VOn Some Current Political And Organiza.tional Problems-Charu Mazumdar Resolution of COC of CPI (M-L) On The Murder of Com. P.R. and Other Comrades NOTES -Great And Inspiring Support -Homage To Our Martyred Comrades -An Atrocious Plot -Indian Reactionaries, Get Out of Nepal! -Conspiracy of the Doomed -T-ke Revisionist Farce In Moscow -A Good Beginninq Indian People Embark On Revolutionary oad of Armed Struggle-Hsinhua "" Crises-Ridden U.S. Imperialism Will Not Last Long-Pekillg Revie10 ....- Big Scab Liu Shao-chi Is ·The Mortal Foe of The ·Working Class-I(ung Hsiang:tyng France Today-M.L. CPB (ML) Hails CPI (ML) Chinese Foreign :Ministry's Protest Against Soviet Jntrusion 69 Red Area of Revolutionary Struggle Expands in Andhra Despite Campaign of Suppression 71 Reports From U.P. And Bihar ?8

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