Where Heaven and Earth Meet <UN> Studies in the History of Christian Traditions General Editor Robert J. Bast (Knoxville, Tennessee) In cooperation with Paul C.H. Lim (Nashville, Tennessee) Eric Saak (Liverpool) Christine Shepardson (Knoxville, Tennessee) Brian Tierney (Ithaca, New York) Arjo Vanderjagt (Groningen) John Van Engen (Notre Dame, Indiana) Founding Editor Heiko A. Oberman† VOLUME 174 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/shct <UN> Where Heaven and Earth Meet Essays on Medieval Europe in Honor of Daniel F. Callahan Edited by Michael Frassetto Matthew Gabriele John D. Hosler LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> On the cover: Doorway, West front of the twelfth-century abbey church of Saint-Gilles, France. Photo by Rachel Gabriele. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Where heaven and earth meet (2014) Where heaven and earth meet : essays on medieval Europe in honor of Daniel F. Callahan / edited by Michael Frassetto, Matthew Gabriele, John D. Hosler. pages cm. -- (Studies in the history of Christian traditions ; volume 174) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-27414-3 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-27416-7 (e-book) 1. Europe--Church history--600-1500. 2. Civilization, Medieval. I. Frassetto, Michael, editor of compilation. II. Gabriele, Matthew, editor of compilation. III. Hosler, John D., editor of compilation. IV. Callahan, Daniel F., 1939- honoree. V. Title. BR252.W49 2014 274’.03--dc23 2014008122 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1573-5664 isbn 978-90-04-27414-3 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-27416-7 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. <UN> Contents Contributors vii Introduction 1 Matthew Gabriele Part 1 Temporal Concerns 1 Gregory the Great’s Gout: Suffering, Penitence, and Diplomacy in the Early Middle Ages 11 John D. Hosler 2 The Missing Mancus and the Early Medieval Economy 33 Richard Ring 3 Ademar of Chabannes as a Military Historian 42 Bernard S. Bachrach 4 Were Nicholas V and Pius II Really Renaissance Popes? 63 Lawrence Duggan Part 2 Spiritual Concerns 5 Insular Latin Sources, “Arculf,” and Early Islamic Jerusalem 81 Lawrence Nees 6 “Customs Confirmed by Reason and Authority”: The Function and Status of Houses of Canons in Tenth-Century Aquitaine 101 Anna Trumbore Jones 7 Ademar of Chabannes and the Peace of God 122 Michael Frassetto 8 The Liturgy, Its Music, and Their Power to Persuade 138 James Grier 9 Female Religious as Collectors of Relics: Finding Sacrality and Power in the “Ordinary” 152 Jane Schulenburg 10 Heresy and the Antichrist in the Writings of Ademar of Chabannes 178 Daniel F. Callahan <UN> vi Contents Index of Modern Authors 227 Index of Sources 229 Index of Names 231 Index of Subjects 235 <UN> Contributors Bernard S. Bachrach Department of History, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA Daniel F. Callahan Department of History, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Lawrence G. Duggan Department of History, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Michael Frassetto Department of History, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Matthew Gabriele Department of Religion and Culture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA James Grier University of Western Ontario, Windsor, Ontario, Canada John D. Hosler Department of History and Geography, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA Anna Trumbore Jones Department of History, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL, USA Lawrence Nees Department of Art History, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Richard R. Ring Watson Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Jane T. Schulenburg Department of History/Liberal Studies and the Arts, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA <UN> Introduction In Appreciation of Daniel F. Callahan Matthew Gabriele It is customary to begin Festschriften with an anecdote about the honoree, so here’s mine. Although I had been taking an undergraduate survey of Medieval Europe with Daniel F. Callahan for a full semester, I can only really say that I met him when I went to pick up my graded research paper during finals week. When I knocked on his office door that day, he looked up at me, smirked, and said, “Ah, yes. Mr. Gabriele. You did quite well in the class for showing up a half- hour late to the final exam.” (I had indeed over slept.) The rest of the conversa- tion that day was much less tense but he was no less honest. I had, until that time, been a misguided Anthropology major—not that there’s anything wrong with that—currently disillusioned by how little the field actually resembled the adventures of Indiana Jones. Yet somehow, in the course of that afternoon conversation in my sophomore year at the University of Delaware, Dan con- vinced me that there was something worth pursuing in my paper on the use of the phrase “soldiers of Christ” in the chronicles of the First Crusade. More importantly for my career though, and most likely without his knowledge, he convinced me that Henry Jones, Jr. was really a historian and that I needed to change my major as soon as possible. Looking back, I still don’t quite under- stand how that happened. I also don’t understand how he mentored me into and through graduate school by persistently reminding me of the tribulations awaiting me there, of the terrors of the academic job market. But if I had to guess (and I do, since I’m the one writing this brief introduction), my guess would be that his rare gifts as a teacher and mentor have something to do with his unflinching intellectual generosity to his students. His was the velvet glove on the iron fist, simultane- ously encouraging and nurturing of intellectual enquiry, even while remaining honest about the difficulties of this or that path. You always knew the difficul- ties that lay ahead of you for any research paper you wanted to pursue, the necessity of doing language work so that you could deal with your primary sources, etc. Indeed, what I loved about the conversations we had both inside and outside the classroom, was that those conversations created more ques- tions. His survey courses were (and likely still are) structured around political chronologies but his class time was spent in the crevices between the pages of the textbooks, the cultural and intellectual lives of kings and bishops, the social impact of the three-field system, and so on. Dan’s seminars were © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2014 | doi 10.1163/9789004274167_002 <UN> 2 Gabriele student-centered before that style became the vogue of pedagogical theory, with each class meeting teasing out more profound insights about a phenom- enon from a snippet of a source or a chapter of a book. And like a good book, Dan’s courses and his conversations left you wanting more. His scholarship works in much the same way.1 A large part of his research, beginning at least with his 1968 Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Wisconsin, Madison supervised by David Herlihy, has ostensibly focused on the early eleventh-century monastic author and forger Ademar of Chabannes. Yet, his scholarship works inductively to tease out larger insights into the world of medieval Europe around the turn of the first millennium. His work has left few cultural and intellectual issues in that period untouched. Through the lens of Ademar and Aquitaine, Dan’s research has illuminated aspects of the utility of sermons as sources, the cult of the saints, how apocalyptic expec- tation shaped lived experience in the eleventh century, the power of medieval forgery, the pull of Jerusalem on the mind of the medieval West, the roots of anti-Jewish violence, the legacy of Charlemagne in the centuries after his death, and the rebirth of heresy in the West. We are exceedingly fortunate to have one of his now-revised articles, rescued from publishing limbo and deal- ing with many of the themes listed above finally printed in this volume.2 For example, his 1992 article on Ademar of Chabannes, a supposed letter from monks on the Mount of Olives to Pope Leo III and Charlemagne, and the “Filioque” controversy between East and West, began by paying attention to the manuscript tradition of a text. He realized that the provenance of the manu- script and the spurious nature of its other texts problematized the authenticity of the letter in question. From there, Dan’s analysis expanded outwards, con- vincingly arguing that the supposed letter from the monks in Jerusalem to the West was ultimately indicative not of the ninth century as it existed but rather of Ademar’s imagined ninth century. The forged letter showed Ademar’s anxi- eties about heresy, specifically in its relation to papal power and the papacy’s role as the defender of orthodoxy, his apocalyptic concerns about Jerusalem, and his reverence for Charlemagne stemming from a legacy of Frankish iden- tity that survived to Ademar’s own time.