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Vor Der Küste Japans Im Jahr 1853, Schloss J Aus dem Institut/der Klinik für Geschichte der Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin DISSERTATION „Eine strenge Prüfung deutscher Art“ – Der Alltag der japanischen Medizinausbildung im Zeitalter der Reform von 1868 bis 1914 zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum medicarum (Dr. rer. medic.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin von Hsiu-Jane Chen aus Tainan, Taiwan Seite 2 Gutachter/in: 1. : Prof. Dr. V. Hess 2. : Prof. Dr. med. W. U. Eckart 3. : Prof. Dr. med. Th. Schnalke Datum der Promotion: 15. Juli 2010 Mein Lebenslauf wird aus datenschutzrechtlichen Gründen in der elektronischen Version meiner Arbeit nicht veröffentlicht Publikationslist Bücher: Chen, Hsiu-Jane (Hrsg.): Das neue Jahrtausend Taiwans: soziale Analyse als Basis der fort- schrittlichen Entwicklungen. Beiträge zur 21. Jahrestagung des Vereins der Chinesen (Taiwan) in Deutschland für Forschung und Lehre. (Göttingen, 3.-5. November 2000). Göttingen, 2000. Zeitschriftenartikel und Aufsätze: Chen, Hsiu-Jane: Ein japanisches Tagebuch als Dokumentation einer Krankheitstherapie – ein Aspekt im medizinischen Wissenstransfer, in: Philipp Osten (Hrsg.): Ego-Dokumente in der Ge- schichte der Medizin. (im Druck). Chen, Hsiu-Jane: Ein Fallstudium zur Wissenschaft und Politik in Dänemark am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts, in: Kuo, Shih-Hsien (Hrsg.). Der neue Geist Taiwans: die Weiterentwicklung tai- wanesischer Gesellschaft ins 21. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur 20. Jahrestagung des Vereins der Chinesen (Taiwan) in Deutschland für Forschung und Lehre. (Bad Homburg, 22.-24. Oktober, 1999). Bad Homburg, 1999, S. 133-143. C.J. Huang, C.C. Chen, H.J. Chen, F.L. Huang, and G.D.Chang: A protease inhibitor of the ser- pin family is a major protein in carp perimeningeal fluid: I. Protein purification and characteriza- tion, in: Journal of Neurochemistry 1995 (64): 1715-1720. Erklärung „Ich, Hsiu-Jane Chen, erkläre, dass ich die vorgelegte Dissertation mit dem Thema: „Eine strenge Prüfung deutscher Art“ – Der Alltag der japanischen Medizinausbildung im Zeitalter der Reform von 1868 bis 1914, selbst verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt, ohne die (unzulässige) Hilfe Dritter verfasst und auch in Teilen keine Kopien anderer Arbeiten dargestellt habe.“ Datum Unterschrift Hsiu-Jane Chen - 1 - Inhalt 1 Einleitung ................................................................................................................................3 2 Die Professionalisierung der japanischen Medizin in der Meiji-Zeit ...................................13 2.1 Vorgeschichte................................................................................................................13 2.2 Alltägliches Leben in der neuen Ära.............................................................................15 2.3 Medizin in Tokugawa-Japan .........................................................................................19 2.4 Medizin im neuen Staat und Medizinalpolitik der Meiji-Regierung ............................22 2.5 Zusammenfassung.........................................................................................................29 3 Die Akteure: Mediziner der Tōkyō-Universität....................................................................31 3.1 Einteilung der Akteure ..................................................................................................31 3.2 Kollektive Bildungsbiographie der Akteure .................................................................32 3.3 Medizinische Ausbildung..............................................................................................37 3.3.1 Erste Gruppe..........................................................................................................37 3.3.2 Zweite Gruppe.......................................................................................................39 3.3.3 Dritte Gruppe.........................................................................................................44 3.4 Zusammenfassung.........................................................................................................49 4 Auslandsstudium der ersten Gruppe in den 1870er Jahren...................................................50 4.1 Geschichte des Auslandsstudiums vor der Meiji-Restauration.....................................50 4.2 Das Auslandsstudium in Deutschland nach der Meiji-Restauration.............................53 4.3 Studium in Berlin ..........................................................................................................57 4.3.1 Sprachenlernen......................................................................................................59 4.3.2 Verlauf des Studiums und Fachwechsel................................................................61 4.3.3 Ziel des Medizinstudiums - Erwerben des Doktortitels........................................62 4.3.4 Ein Fremder im Westen.........................................................................................64 4.3.5 Widerstände während des Auslandsstudiums .......................................................65 4.3.6 Studienabschluss ...................................................................................................69 4.4 Rückkehr .......................................................................................................................71 4.5 Zusammenfassung.........................................................................................................72 5 Auslandsstudium der zweiten Gruppe in den 1880er Jahren................................................74 5.1 Finanzierung und Abreise .............................................................................................74 5.2 Auswahl der Studienorte ...............................................................................................78 5.3 Berlin: die beliebteste Stadt...........................................................................................79 5.4 Straßburg: die Forschungsuniversität............................................................................84 5.5 Ein japanischer Assistent in Berlin ...............................................................................92 - 2 - 5.6 Labormedizin und Wissenstransfer...............................................................................96 5.7 Produktive Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung..........................................................................98 5.8 Bildung einer kollektiven Identität..............................................................................101 5.9 Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................103 6 Auslandsstudium der dritten Gruppe in den 1890er Jahren................................................105 6.1 Reise nach Westen ......................................................................................................105 6.2 Studienplan und dessen Verlauf..................................................................................108 6.3 Klinik oder Labor: Intention und Möglichkeiten ........................................................114 6.4 Vielfalt von Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehungen ..................................................................118 6.5 Berlin in den 90er Jahren: japanische Studentenkolonie ............................................120 6.6 Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................126 7 Internationalität der Wissenschaft und Auslandsstudium...................................................127 7.1 Der Weg auf die internationale Bühne........................................................................127 7.1.1 Internationale Tagungen......................................................................................128 7.1.2 Internationalismus und nationale Rivalität..........................................................131 7.1.3 Sprache und Internationalität der Wissenschaft..................................................132 7.1.4 Vorbild und Nachahmung ...................................................................................133 7.2 Rundreisen...................................................................................................................134 7.3 Finanzierungsprobleme ...............................................................................................136 7.4 Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................141 8 Kontinuität und Umbrüche: Auslandsstudium nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg .......................142 8.1 Auslandsstudium in der Kriegszeit .............................................................................143 8.2 Nachkriegszeit: Fortsetzung der wissenschaftlichen Tradition...................................145 8.3 Bedeutung der deutschen Sprache und Wissenschaften für Japan..............................146 8.4 Anti-Boykott................................................................................................................147 8.5 Rettung der deutschen Wissenschaft...........................................................................149 8.6 Deutsche Medizin als Symbol der Tradition in der neuen Zeit...................................151 8.7 Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................153
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