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R Epor T Resumes 1 11011=INIIIMIIIMInvw R EPOR TRESUMES ED 010 813 24 LEGENDS OF KING ARTHUR. LITERATURE CURRICULUM III! STUDENT VERSION. eY- KITZHABER, ALBERT R. OREGON UNIV., EUGENE REPORT NUMBER CRP-H-149-42 REPORT NUMBER BR-5-0366-42 ECRS PRICE MF-$0.18 HC-S3.28 02P. DESCRIPTORS- LITERATURE, *LEGENDS, *ENGLISH LITERATURE, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, *LITERATURE GUIDES, *STUDY GUIDES, *CURRICULUM GUIDES, GRADE 9, SECONDARY EDUCATION, CURRICULUM RESEARCH, ENGLISH CURRICULUM, EUGENE,PROJECTENGLISH, NEW GRAMMAR 110 A STUDENT VERSION OF A CURRICULUM GUIDE ON THE *LEGENDS OF KING ARTHUR' WAS DEVELOPED. SELECTED LEGENDS ARE REPRODUCED ALONG WITH AN INTRODUCTION, STUDY QUESTIONS, AND A PASSAGE FROM MALORY'S *LE MORTE D'ARTHUR" IN THE ORIGINAL LANGUAGE OF THE FIRST EDITION (1485). THE TEACHER VERSION IS ED 010 814. RELATED REPORTS ARE ED 010 129 THROUGH ED 010 160 AND ED 010 803 THROUGH ED am 832. (GD) OREGON CURRI WAN STUDY CENTER :taXidkilON NOVEL:FARE- This docinnent his cOotly at roceived from-the pirson-t*oit0,02210., it Pcinb.of view or 'opinion' 60-140sitiritY eprr t offal! Office Of Education Litecature Curriculum III A Student Version The project reportidherein was supported through the Cooperative Research Program of the Office ofEducation, U. 'S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION, * 0 * i QUESTIONS. 4 B. -iv Part One, OF THE COMING OFARTHUR AND THE BEGINNING . ,OF HIS REIGN 1 10 Ofthe Birth of ruing Arthur, and of theDeath of, 0 1 King Ut.hr Pendragon, II. H o w A r t h U r was Chosen K i n g t h r o u g h t he W o n d e r s a n d ,.. ,,2 Marvels of -a Sword taken out of a Stone, and of how King Arthur was Crowned. III. Of the -First War that King Arthur Had, andHow he won, ,.5 the Field. 4 IV, How Eleven Kings and their Host fought againstKing, . , ,7 Arthur and his Host, and how the battle wasended by Merlin. V, How King Arthur rescvied King Leodegrance, andhow II 9 he metitith his Mother, Queen Igraine. 11 V I.H o w M e r l i n S a v e d Arthar's l i f e , a n d threw an Enchantment on King Pellinore: And how Arthur by the Means of Merlin gotExcalibur his Sword from the Lady of the Lake. VII, How King Arthur Wedded Guenever, and howthe, 14 Knights of the Round Table were Ordained. 17 Part Two,THE TALE OF SIR GARETH OF ORKNEY, 6 THAT WAS CALLED BEAUMAINS I. How Beaute.ai.ns came to King Arthur's court,and. 17 how he Undertook the Adventure of theDamsel. 0 c. 20 z;Z II, How Beaumains was dubbed knight. i 111. How Beaumains fought with the Black , . 22 and the Green Knight, and the Red Knight. I V.H o * Sir / 3 6 u m a i n s p a t i e n t l y s u ff e r e d g r e a t 27 rebukes of the dame), and' hoW he fought with Siii Persant of Inde 0, V. How the &mad and Beaumains came tothe. 30 siege, and how Besuraains fought with the Red Knight of the Red Lawns. Part Three,OF THE QUEST OF THEHOLY GRAIL, AND. 36 . OF SIR GALAHAD THAT ACHIEVED IT Part Pour,OF-THE DEATH OF ARTHUR, AND OF.. 45 "THE BREAKING OP THE P$LLOWSHIP. OF THE" TABLE- ROMP P0eage from Imo, Mo VArthnt by "Sir Thomas thif -Thlarguage of the First goki4-1-14/00 Student Version LEGENDS OF KING ARTHUR INTRODUCTION Many of you are probably familiar with Walt Disney'sproduction of lizt Sword in the Stone and know some of the storiessurrounding the court of King Kfthur at Camelot. But who was thereal King Arthur? The facts have become so lost In legend and fantasy thatall we know for certain is that he was one of the lastRomanized Britons to fight against the invading Saxons at the end of the fifth century.Under his leadershi p, the Saxons were driven back and England wasunited under a native ruler as once she had been under theRoman conquerors. In the earliest record of Arthur, written during theninth century, he is spoken of as a soldier, more like a chieftain orgeneral than a king, who lived a simple life and fought twelvevictorious battles against the Saxons. But as the historical events grew dimin people's memories, stories of a great king clustered more and morearound Arthur until he seemed to be an emperor equivalent toCharlemagne, surrounded by a company of noble knightswho were sworn to defend the weak. You are going to readstories of King Arthur and his knights becausethey are part of our heritage.You may read them simply as stories of mystery and adventure or as stories of thesoul's struggle to find its way. Although the figures aremedieval and the Fellowship of the Round Table is an idea that goes back at least to 1155, thethemes of these stories are universal. Everyone has in his own mind aworld far stranger than that outside him; it is this inner world ofdreams that forms the subject matter of these stories, Yet history and myth are so intermingled inthe Arthurian legends that some of the supernatural happenings have akind of historical founda- tion. For example, in the account ofKing Arthur's pulling of the sword from the stone, we may have a reference,tothe early age of metals when a hero proved himself by his power to forgehis own weapon. Another example of historical fact in the midst of all thefantasy is that an adviser such as Merlinwould be indispensable to early kings in their attempt to hold their place among warringrivals. Even the forest that the scene of so many encounters may beconsidered the real forest that at one time covered much of England. But if these tales were nothing but history, theyprobably would not have held the attention of so many people,both young and old, for so many centuries. Moreimportant than anything historical is the view that pervades these stories. We maydescribe this view as one which . accepts the unseen powers that shape theindividurals destiny. The ease with which Arthur pulls the sword from the stonereveals that it is his destiny to do the miraculous deed. Arthuris "chosento be king; later Sir Galahad is "r-bosenh to succeed inthe quest for the Holy Grail. Yet we can see, too, that a...11 the Arthurian heroeshave their destinies determined by their own characters. Nothingoutside Sir Launcelot forbids him from succeeding in his quest for theGrail, but only his own heart, which is more set on Guenever than on the serviceof God. For ell the and_strangeness .of tilese s*.priestbepeople areispirituallyes aro_you_know.. -:Perhapi#: inthe long run, this is the kind of reality that literature has tb offer us. is-nOt net ebstrilyliii4Oricalreality, but it is spirituakrealitySo you are invited now to share someadventures that have:more me4ipipii4AVatfire appeals.. t' Note: The word"chivalry:is derived from the French"chevai" nTtir...7.4vg a horse, but it came -:to stand for suchideals of icajg*ky conduct .ap.deyotion God and kidiatts lady, as well as Gout agein the 'battles fought to redress wrongs _Orto defehd the kniglit' tenor,But i. only 'young men Of noble familiescould betOme knights, for common people were not allowed tobear arms. 1 agt. Questionsor Part I I. Why is it so important thatArthur should be able to performthe magic of pulling the sword fromthe stone? 2.Why did the nobles delay so long inrecognizing and crowning Arth ur? 3. The Arthurian legends arefilled with magic and withheroic deeds, but they are also firmlyrooted in reality.It is this combination that has made them so popular for so manyhundreds of years. Howdoes this combination work in the storyof the establishment ofArthur's z. kingdom? 4. There is more than onesort of reality. What aspectof reality is dealt with in SectionV? 5,Wliel magical qualities wereattached to the sword Excalibur and its scabbard? Why didArthur as king need this protection? 8.If there is a deeper meaningconveyed through the story of Excalibur, how would you interpret,it? What might the Lady ofthe Lake, and the forest Itself,signify? 7.. Part VI of this sectione-nds. with a C4100110 infident inwhich Arthur tries to 'send all thechildren to sea.'hie Sort 01 incident is very, common Inliterature. The recurrence inliterature of similar sitUatione or of similar themes orof similar attitudes iscalled a motif, Can yOu think of anything youhave road where this motif of anunsucceas.r fnkattenwit destrOya .c141d appeurs?What do you think is the significance )4 What *the significanceot, the end Tole Rod:the"seat ,PeribtiOn? ,A rAllfues. wedding and 44 .ti f011114 t F: otthol the-Felloithipthe 19. .: .7. W2BiMiMiimmuftiaigmiattsaugmrc..4 IsaaaffiteaaraxmasAltt. ..- O. llirthe-. oath liworittythe iCntglgirof :(10 you ittesau*,?contricattrith the lawless world that they lived in? 1. 'Yon have-.-noferea&azinUMbetis-cif irhOttes, about, 1ngArthur. Is each an episode that stags alone, **Are they connectby anything 212orei-Ahiiilhatrintihet!iIneCiniiktahttraeter? . 12, A writer often xmconaciouily puts into his work theprevailing point: of vim Whittdetailit included in these stories point to the writer as living in feudal times? How can youexplain this, knowing that the historic Arthur lived at the end of the fifthcentury? St1.14-,Quelitionst far Part II I. Would this story be suitable for a movie?Give reasons for your antirerip: 2. This story follows the typical narrative pattern ofbeginning, middle, and' end. What la :included inzthebeginnine Where &es it end?.
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