Pnas11117correction 6527..6528
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geographically Variable Biotic Interactions and Implications for Species Ranges
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Geographically variable biotic interactions and implications for species ranges AUTHORS Early, R; Keith, S JOURNAL Global Ecology and Biogeography DEPOSITED IN ORE 22 November 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34864 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication 1 Geographically variable biotic interactions and implications for species 2 ranges 3 Running title: Geographic variation in biotic interactions 4 Abstract: 5 The challenge: Understanding how biotic interactions affect species’ geographic ranges, biodiversity 6 patterns, and ecological responses to environmental change is one of the most pressing challenges 7 in macroecology. Extensive efforts are underway to detect signals of biotic interactions in 8 macroecological data. However, efforts are limited by bias in the taxa and spatial scale for which 9 occurrence data are available, and by difficulty in ascribing causality to co-occurrence patterns. 10 Moreover, we are not necessarily looking in the right places: analyses are largely ad hoc, depending 11 on data availability, rather than focusing on regions, taxa, ecosystems, or interaction types where 12 biotic interactions might affect species’ geographic ranges most strongly. 13 Unpicking biotic interactions: We suggest that macroecology would benefit from recognising that 14 abiotic conditions alter two key components of biotic interaction strength: frequency and intensity. 15 We outline how and why variation in biotic interaction strength occurs, explore the implications for 16 species’ geographic ranges, and discuss the challenges inherent in quantifying these effects. -
63Rd Annual Maize Genetics Meeting Program and Abstracts
63rd Annual Maize Genetics Meeting Program and Abstracts March 8 – March 12, 2021 2nd Virtual Maize Meeting Facilitated in partnership with This conference received financial support from: National Science Foundation Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont Bayer BASF Syngenta NCGA KWS We thank these sponsors for their generosity! A special thank you for the in-kind support from the USDA-ARS. ii Table of Contents Cover Page ................................................................................................................... i Contributors ................................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... iii General Information ..................................................................................................... iv From the Maize Genetics Cooperation............................................................................ vi Introducing the Committee on Outreach, Diversity, Inclusion & Education (CODIE)...viii Financial Aid Awards ......................................................................................................viii Data Management Made Simple...................................................................................... xi Program ........................................................................................................................ 1 List of Posters ............................................................................................................. -
The Flight of the Locus of Selection Some Intricate Relationships
Behavioural Processes 161 (2019) 31–44 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behavioural Processes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/behavproc The flight of the locus of selection: Some intricate relationships between evolutionary elements T ⁎ April M. Becker University of North Texas, Department of Behavior Analysis, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Selection has enriched our understanding of the world since it was first applied to the evolution of species. Behavior Selection stands as an alternative to essentialist thinking, as a generalized and multiply applicable concept, and Selection as a causal explanation for current forms within biology and behavior. Attempts to describe selection processes Ontogenetic in a generalizable way have provided clarity about their minimal elements, such as replicators and interactors. Phylogenetic This paper discusses the interconnectedness among different levels of selection using evidence garnered from Interdisciplinary evolutionary biology, development, epigenetics, neuroscience, and behavior analysis. Currently, it appears that Evolutionary dynamics replicators and interactors may be more fluid than previously supposed and that selection for particular traits may rely on both multiple levels of interaction and multiple levels of replication. Replicators, interactors, and environment share influence on one another, and different replicators may exchange critical control over similar interactor variation as evolution proceeds. Our current understanding of selection continues to undergo revision, and reference to a number of disparate fields can help to account for the complexity of these processes. An understanding of their interconnectedness may help resolve some mysteries that develop in fields that ex- clusively focus on one or a few, such as the focused study of behavior. 1. -
Resolution of the Position of Restorer-Of-Fertility Gene
LOCALIZATION OF THE RF3 RESTORER-OF-FERTILITY GENE FOR MAIZE S-TYPE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By TIFFANY LANGEWISCH Dr. Kathleen Newton, Dissertation Supervisor December 2012 © Copyright by Tiffany Langewisch 2012 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the Dissertation entitled LOCATION OF THE RF3 RESTORER-OF-FERTILITY GENE FOR MAIZE S-TYPE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILTY Presented by TIFFANY LANGEWISCH A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Kathleen Newton James Birchler Sherry Flint-Garcia Chris Pires ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to acknowledge members of my committee, past and present, including Drs. Kathleen Newton, James Birchler, Sherry Flint-Garcia, Michael McMullen, Christopher Pires, and Karen Cone. My committee has provided helpful input and guidance throughout my dissertation research. I would like to thank them for their invaluable advice in all aspects of my graduate studies. As my advisor, Kathleen Newton has particularly provided advice, guidance, and support. This research would not have been possible without the development of Rf3 near-isogenic lines by Dr. Susan Gabay-Laughnan. She has been a crucial resource for seed and feedback throughout the years. Barbara Sonderman is thanked for her tireless effort of keeping my “babies” happy and healthy in the greenhouse. I thankfully acknowledge everyone in the Newton lab for discussions, field assistance, and help in my everyday research. -
Alternative Ac/Ds Transposition Induces Major Chromosomal Rearrangements in Maize
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 6, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Alternative Ac/Ds transposition induces major chromosomal rearrangements in maize Jianbo Zhang,1 Chuanhe Yu,1 Vinay Pulletikurti,2,4 Jonathan Lamb,3,5 Tatiana Danilova,3 David F. Weber,2 James Birchler,3 and Thomas Peterson1,6 1Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; 2School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Barbara McClintock reported that the Ac/Ds transposable element system can generate major chromosomal rearrangements (MCRs), but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. Here, we identified a series of chromosome rearrangements derived from maize lines containing pairs of closely linked Ac transposable element termini. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses showed that the MCRs in these lines comprised 17 reciprocal translocations and two large inversions. The breakpoints of all 19 MCRs are delineated by Ac termini and characteristic 8-base-pair target site duplications, indicating that the MCRs were generated by precise trans- position reactions involving the Ac termini of two closely linked elements. This alternative transposition mechanism may have contributed to chromosome evolution and may also occur during V(D)J recombination resulting in oncogenic translocations. [Keywords: V(D)J recombination; chromosome rearrangements; hAT elements; transposition] Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org. Received December 30, 2008; revised version accepted February 11, 2009. In the 1940s, Barbara McClintock reported that the maize aberrant Ds transposition that results in fusion of sister Activator (Ac) element could induce transposition of the chromatids, chromosome breakage, and formation of nonautonomous Dissociation (Ds) element, which she deletions has been described (English et al. -
Holobionts As Units of Selection and a Model of Their Population Dynamics and Evolution
Biological Theory https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-017-0287-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Holobionts as Units of Selection and a Model of Their Population Dynamics and Evolution Joan Roughgarden1,6 · Scott F. Gilbert2 · Eugene Rosenberg3 · Ilana Zilber‑Rosenberg4 · Elisabeth A. Lloyd5 Received: 15 January 2017 / Accepted: 5 September 2017 © Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research 2017 Abstract Holobionts, consisting of a host and diverse microbial symbionts, function as distinct biological entities anatomically, metabolically, immunologically, and developmentally. Symbionts can be transmitted from parent to offspring by a variety of vertical and horizontal methods. Holobionts can be considered levels of selection in evolution because they are well- defined interactors, replicators/reproducers, and manifestors of adaptation. An initial mathematical model is presented to help understand how holobionts evolve. The model offered combines the processes of horizontal symbiont transfer, within-host symbiont proliferation, vertical symbiont transmission, and holobiont selection. The model offers equations for the popula- tion dynamics and evolution of holobionts whose hologenomes differ in gene copy number, not in allelic or loci identity. The model may readily be extended to include variation among holobionts in the gene identities of both symbionts and host. Keywords Holobiont · Holobiont model · Hologenome · Level of selection · Microbiome · Microbiota · Symbiont Introduction also provides a model for the evolution of a holobiont that combines microbe and host population processes. This article discusses the concept of a holobiont—an ani- Following Lederberg and McCray (2001), a microbiome mal or plant host together with all the microbes living on or refers to an “ecological community of commensal, symbi- in it, exosymbionts and endosymbionts, respectively. -
Homoeologous Shuffling and Chromosome Compensation
Homoeologous shuffling and chromosome compensation maintain genome balance in resynthesized allopolyploid Brassica napus Zhiyong Xiong, Robert T. Gaeta, and J. Chris Pires1 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 Edited by Susan R. Wessler, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, and approved March 31, 2011 (received for review September 22, 2010) Polyploidy has contributed to the evolution of eukaryotes, partic- B. napus affords an excellent opportunity for conducting cy- ularly flowering plants. The genomic consequences of polyploidy togenetic investigations of evolution in a resynthesized allo- have been extensively studied, but the mechanisms for chromo- polyploid. Natural B. napus (AACC; 2n = 38) is thought to have some stability and diploidization in polyploids remain largely un- formed 5,000 to 10,000 y ago by the hybridization of ancestors of known. By using new cytogenetic tools to identify all of the Brassica rapa (AA; 2n = 20) and Brassica oleracea (CC; 2n = 18) homoeologous chromosomes, we conducted a cytological investi- (28, 29, 30). B. rapa and B. oleracea are also ancient polyploids, gation of 50 resynthesized Brassica napus allopolyploids across gen- and large-scale chromosome rearrangements occurred in the A erations S0:1 to S5:6 and in the S10:11 generation. Changes in copy and C genomes following divergence from a common ancestor number of individual chromosomes were detected in the S0:1 gen- (31). Several studies have demonstrated that genetic changes eration and increased in subsequent generations, despite the fact caused by homoeologous chromosome rearrangement are com- that the mean chromosome number among lines was approxi- mon in newly resynthesized B. -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae Rick Masonbrink Home: 1222 Scholl Road, Ames, IA 50014 United States Office: 208 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 United States Home Phone and Work Phone: (660) 424-4118 Email: [email protected] Education BS Biology, Northwest Missouri State University (2006) Ph.D. Genetics, University of Missouri (2012) Grants NSF National Plant Genome Initiative Postdoctoral Research Fellowship ($207,000/3yrs) Research Experience 1/2006 - 5/2006 Undergraduate Researcher: Department of Biology, Northwest Missouri State University. Principal Investigator: Dr. Jeffrey Thornsberry Research: Genetic drift in freshwater mussels 8/2006 – 05/2012 Research Assistant: Department of Biology, University of Missouri. Principal Investigator: Dr. James Birchler Research: Investigating the effects of minichromosomes in maize 07/2012 – 06/2013 Postdoctoral Research Associate: Department of EEOB, Iowa State University. Principal Investigator: Dr. Jonathan Wendel Research: Centromere evolution and cyto-nuclear coevolution in Gossypium 07/2013 – present Postdoctoral Research Fellow: Department of EEOB, Iowa State University. Principal Investigator: Dr. Jonathan Wendel Research: Centromere evolution in Gossypium Mentoring Experience 06/2014 – 08/2014 Mentored a high school teacher in cytology 06/2013 – 08/2013 Mentored Justin Conover in bioinformatics 11/2012 – 05/2013 Mentored Josef Jareczek in molecular and phylogenetic techniques 02/2011 – 05/2012 Mentored and trained undergraduates in molecular and cytological techniques Teaching Experience 8/2006 - 12/2006 Biology 110 - Undergraduate level introductory biology, taught seminars and labs 1/2007 - 5/2007 General Genetics - Undergraduate level introductory genetics, taught seminars Skills Fluorescence in-situ hybridization, PCR, immunostaining, plant transformation and regeneration, chromatin immunoprecipitation, molecular cloning, QPCR, QRTPCR, proficient in Microsoft Office, bioinformatics, phylogenetics, UNIX, Perl, and Python programming, analysis of large-scale sequencing datasets Current Research 1. -
Swyersnathan.Pdf
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMENABLE SYSTEM FOR SITE-SPECIFIC ADDITION TO A MAIZE CHROMOSOME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by NATHAN CHARLES SWYERS Dr. James A. Birchler, Dissertation Supervisor December, 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMENABLE SYSTEM FOR SITE-SPECIFIC ADDITION TO A MAIZE CHROMOSOME Presented by Nathan Charles Swyers, A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. James A. Birchler Dr. Kathleen Newton Dr. David Braun Dr. Sherry Flint-Garcia ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following list of people helped make this work possible: Birchler Lab: MU Biological Sciences: • Rebecca Ballew • Patrice Albert • David Braun • James A. Birchler • Lori Eggert • Weihong Chen • Nila Emerich • Robert Gaeta • Benjamin Julius • Rick Masonbrink • Melody Kroll • Ryan Donohue • Kathleen Newton • Ryan Douglas • Will Swatson • Lin Sun Family • Adam Johnson • Amie Swyers • Zhi Gao • Gideon Swyers • Nathaniel Graham • Michael Swyers • Becca Lukasak • Brenda Swyers • Morgan McCaw • Charles Swyers • Xiaowen Shi • Rita Henderson • Jon Cody • Michael Noble • Hua Yang • Jill Noble • Changzeng Zhao • Robert -
Individuality and Adaptation Across Levels of Selection: How Shall We Name and Generalize the Unit of Darwinism?
Individuality and adaptation across levels of selection: How shall we name and generalize the unit of Darwinism? Stephen Jay Gould*† and Elisabeth A. Lloyd‡ *Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and ‡History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana University, 130 Goodbody Hall, Bloomington, IN 47405 Contributed by Stephen Jay Gould, June 2, 1999 Two major clarifications have greatly abetted the understanding and none more pressing than learning how to think about the viscerally fruitful expansion of the theory of natural selection in recent years: unfamiliar (and in many ways counterintuitive) supraorganismal the acknowledgment that interactors, not replicators, constitute the levels of organization and selection. (Given the reductionist tradi- causal unit of selection; and the recognition that interactors are tions of Western science, we are naturally more comfortable with Darwinian individuals, and that such individuals exist with potency at suborganismal units of genes and cell lineages.) We claim that several levels of organization (genes, organisms, demes, and species evolutionists have generally not appreciated the importance of in particular), thus engendering a rich hierarchical theory of selection higher levels, particularly the species level of selection, because in contrast with Darwin’s own emphasis on the organismic level. But species-individuals may not build many adaptations of their own. a piece of the argument has been missing, and individuals at levels False emphasis on adaptation therefore leads biologists to down- distinct from organisms have been denied potency (although granted grade the species level as only weakly operative in the processes of existence within the undeniable logic of the theory), because they do selection. -
© American Society of Plant Biologists ADVANCING the SCIENCE of PLANT BIOLOGY This Article Is a Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Centromere Pairing in Early Meiotic Prophase Requires Active Centromeres and Precedes Installation of the Synaptonemal Complex in Maize Jing Zhang, Wojciech P. Pawlowski and Fangpu Han Plant Cell; originally published online October 18, 2013; DOI 10.1105/tpc.113.117846 This information is current as of October 21, 2013 Supplemental Data http://www.plantcell.org/content/suppl/2013/10/11/tpc.113.117846.DC1.html Permissions https://www.copyright.com/ccc/openurl.do?sid=pd_hw1532298X&issn=1532298X&WT.mc_id=pd_hw1532298X eTOCs Sign up for eTOCs at: http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/alerts/ctmain CiteTrack Alerts Sign up for CiteTrack Alerts at: http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/alerts/ctmain Subscription Information Subscription Information for The Plant Cell and Plant Physiology is available at: http://www.aspb.org/publications/subscriptions.cfm © American Society of Plant Biologists ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF PLANT BIOLOGY This article is a Plant Cell Advance Online Publication. The date of its first appearance online is the official date of publication. The article has been edited and the authors have corrected proofs, but minor changes could be made before the final version is published. Posting this version online reduces the time to publication by several weeks. Centromere Pairing in Early Meiotic Prophase Requires Active Centromeres and Precedes Installation of the Synaptonemal Complex in MaizeW Jing Zhang,a,b Wojciech P. Pawlowski,c and Fangpu Hana,1 a State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China c Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8393-3575 (F.H.). -
An Interview with M. Gerald Neuffer M. Gerald “Gerry”
Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter vol 88 2014 M Gerald Neuffer Interview Page 1 of 17 An Interview with M. Gerald Neuffer M. Gerald “Gerry” Neuffer received his bachelor's degree in agronomy from the University of Idaho in 1947 and the doctorate degree in field crops from the University of Missouri in 1952 under the mentorship of Lewis J. Stadler. Following a short postdoctoral position at the University of Missouri, under both Stadler and John Laughnan, Neuffer was appointed assistant professor in the Department of Field Crops at the University of Missouri in 1951, and after Stadler’s death in 1954, in 1955 assumed the university position previously held by Stadler. He was tenured and promoted to associate professor in 1956 and full professor in 1966. He chaired the Department of Genetics from 1967 to 1969. He retired from the Department of Agronomy (now, Division of Plant Sciences) in 1992, and he currently holds the title of professor emeritus in the Division of Plant Sciences. Neuffer has had a tremendous influence on the history of maize genetics over the last half century. His early research has contributed to our understanding of the compound nature of the R1 locus, the characteristics of the compound A1 locus and its response to the Dt transposon system, the discovery of the aleurone and plant, color factor bz2, tetrasporic embryo sac development, the paucity of auxotrophs (Sheridan and Chang, 1994). He is credited for developing, with his long-term colleague Edward H. Coe, the paraffin oil method for treating corn pollen with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and nitrosoguanidine (NG) as well as for the use of chromosome breaking Ds method to study chromosome structure and gene function.