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QUAPAW LINE TRAIL

A Downtown Little Rock Adventure Dedicated February 1967

In 1967, members of Boy Scout Troop 358, led by Dr. Joseph Randle Luten Jr., created a walking route of just over ten-miles they named the Quapaw Line Trail. It toured historic sites and took about six hours to walk. Then-Mayor Martin Borchert spoke at a dedication in MacArthur Park. The trail route today is very similar to the 1967 route, but some route changes have occurred to accommodate the ever-changing urban landscape. History continues to be made in Little Rock and accordingly, new historical points of interest have been added to the Trail that did not exist at the time of its inception. It is with purpose we maintain the Quapaw Line Trail to remember and celebrate the treasured , the architecture and the beauty of the City of Little Rock and the State of .

Please note that due to construction and other constraints, access to some markers may be prohibited. You will be passing many historical points of interest that could significantly delay your return. Please consider making a return visit later. Also consider that these points of interest and traffic that you may encounter could require more time than a traditional ten-mile hike. It is likely that you will travel 12-13 miles over the course of the Trail, and you should allow 5 – 6 hours to complete. Over 90% of the Trail is on sidewalks or pavement, so comfortable walking shoes are a must. Also, much of the Trail receives direct sun exposure at all hours so remember sunscreen. Water is also a must as there are few opportunities for water along the route.

Do the best that you can in answering the following questions as you enjoy your hike. Also, note the point of reference in direction. Some will reference the corner of the intersection while others will note the corner of property in reference. Both will use compass notation (i.e., Southeast corner of the intersection versus the Northwest corner of the property are the same). Directions are in plain text and all questions are designated in BOLD text. You should have a compass and writing instrument.

Consider earning the Arkansas Award along this hike as there are several historical sites along the route and the opportunity to cover facts and historical information about the state. More information can be found at Page 10 of this packet or at https://www.quapawbsa.org/patch/arkansas- heritage-award/. It should also be noted that completion this trail is one of the requirements for the Historical Trails Award - https://www.scouting.org/awards/awards-central/historic-trails/.

The Beginning of the Trail is at the top of the steps to the entrance of the MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History(1) in MacArthur Park. MacArthur Park is located at Ninth and Commerce Streets.

Read the Plaque located at the right of the Entrance to the Museum.

1. Who was born here and when?

Proceed down the East stairs to the road. When facing North, look to your left and notice a Marker on a rock located just west of the entrance walkway.

2. What is this plaque?

Turn East and walk over to the 6th Arkansas Infantry CSA Monument.

3. What is the motto on top of the Monument?

Turn back in front of the Museum and proceed along the brick walk around to the West side of the Museum to a small brick building. Heading South on the West side of the Museum, look for Ground and Wall Markers.

4. What is the Mehlburger Marker?

Continue South on the Brick Walk approximately 50 feet to a marker on your right.

5. Who was the Commanding of the 206th Coast Artillery?

Continue along the walk to a small marker on your right.

6. What years were the Spanish-American War? 7. On what date did Theodore Roosevelt become the 2nd sitting president to visit Little Rock?

Continue around the walkway and head East. Notice two small monuments located on the South sides of the walkway. Read both.

8. What year did General Douglass MacArthur graduate from West Point?

Follow the walkway and turn North at the next fork. Read the marker on the Camden Expedition.

9. What General led the Union Army on the Camden Expedition?

Facing North at the Camden Expedition Marker, on a compass bearing of 130 degrees proceed to the “First Human Dissection in Arkansas" Monument located in the field near the public restrooms.

10. What are the names of the doctors on the Monument?

Continuing West along a compass bearing of 288 degrees walk directly to the Red Pole monument in the distance. You should now be at the Arkansas Arts Center.

11. To whom is the Red Pole (Monument) dedicated? 12. To whom is the Water Fountain (Square fountain next to Red Pole) dedicated?

Continue your hike around the West side of the Arts Center. Notice the large fountain located in front of the entrance to the Arts Center.

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13. To whom is this fountain dedicated?

Follow the sidewalk along the East side of Commerce Street to the Northwest Corner of the Park. Find the Quapaw Line(2) Marker and notice the Benchmark nearby.

14. What year did the Cede the Quapaw Indians these lands by Treaty?

Simply because the streets of Little Rock are not on a true North South basis and the Quapaw Line Trail crosses private property, you will not follow it directly. You will, however, cross it multiple times later in the hike. At this point, proceed hiking East along 9th Street. You will cross over the Interstate 30 overpass and continue hiking along the South side of 9th Street about 6 blocks past the Interstate. Just before you reach the railroad tracks note the Civil War Marker road signs and there is a plaque on a building on the South side of 6th Street.

15. What General's Headquarters was located here during which War?

Continue hiking East across the railroad tracks to the first intersection on your left. Turn North on Thomas Street, proceeding past the Arkansas Foundry Co. (AFCO Steel)(3). At the intersection of 6th Street and Thomas, turn West and proceed along the North side of 6th Street to Shall Avenue. You are entering the East Village(4) area of the city. Turn North on Shall Avenue and follow to World Avenue. Turn West on World Avenue and continue as it merges into Third Street.

Note: You should take the opportunity at another time to visit both Heifer Foundation International Headquarters and the William J. Clinton Presidential Center.

16. How many sheep are in the statue at the entrance to the Heifer Foundation International Headquarters(5), Richard C. and Gertrude Remmel Butler Campus?

Notice the red brick building North of the statue(6).

17. What is this building (view the sign at the Northwest corner of the building)?

Head West on 3rd Street and proceed to Ferry Street. Turn South on Ferry Street to Capitol Avenue. Go West on Capitol Avenue. You will pass the Little Rock Visitor Information Center, which is located in historic Curran Hall(7) (Public restrooms available).

18. In what year was Curran Hall constructed?

Continue West on Capitol to River Market Avenue. On the South side of Capitol is Trapnall Hall(8).

19. In what year was Trapnall Hall constructed?

Continue West on Capitol Avenueh about 100 feet just to the West of the Trapnall Hall parking lot, turn South into the alley. The East fence line is on the Quapaw Line, which can be noted by the benchmark in the sidewalk. Continue South in the Alley to 7th Street. The alley will end at the Pike-Fletcher-Terry House(9). The East fence line of the Terry property follows the Quapaw Line, which is denoted by benchmarks in the sidewalk. Continue west on 7th Street to Rock Street, heading South on Rock to the corner of 8th and Rock Streets. You will be at the First Lutheran Church.

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20. What year was First Lutheran Church built?

Continue West along 8th Street two blocks to the intersection of 8th and Scott. Turn North on Scott Street to 7th Street. At the Northwest corner of the Hotel(10) Building, locate a marker.

21. What does this Marker commemorate?

Go across the street to the Southwest corner of 7th and Scott Streets in front of the Arkansas Consistory Building / Temple(11). Locate the old Cornerstone of the building.

22. Where was the Cornerstone of St. John’s College formerly located?

Look to your South for the Mason's Monument.

23. When was the Grand Lodge founded?

Continue your hike West along 7th Street to Louisiana Street. Turn North on Louisiana Street at the Cathedral of St. Andrew(12). This is the oldest continuing place of worship in Little Rock and Pulaski County.

24. When was the Cathedral of St. Andrew built?

Proceed North to the intersection of Louisiana Street and Capitol Avenue. At the Southeast Corner of this intersection in the plaza is a large metal sculpture.

25. What is the name of this sculpture?

Continue your hike North along the East side of Louisiana Street for two blocks to the intersection of 3rd and Louisiana. At the Northeast corner of this intersection is the old Building(13). Go to the plaque at the South entrance of the building.

26. What year did John Heiskell become editor of the Arkansas Gazette?

Cross over to the South side of 3rd Street and continue East along the sidewalk toward the intersection of 3rd Street and Main. Approximately 30 feet before you reach this intersection, (West of this intersection), there is a plaque on the side of the building.

27. What was held here and when?

Cross over to the North side of 3rd Street and continue your hike East along 3rd Street two blocks to the entrance of the Historic Arkansas Museum(14). If open, restrooms and water are available. Continue along 3rd Street past the entrance to the corner of 3rd Street and Cumberland. Notice and read the rock marker flat on the ground near the Northwest corner of this intersection.

28. When was the date of the last legislative meeting in the Territorial Capitol?

Also, at this corner of 3rd Street and Cumberland stands the Hinderliter House or Hinderliter Tavern, the oldest standing building in Little Rock, built around 1820. Continue East on 3rd Street and proceed to Sherman Street. Turn North on Sherman Street.

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29. What was located at the northeast corner of the intersection of 2nd and Sherman?

Proceed North to President Clinton Avenue. Turn West on President Clinton Avenue and proceed to the Museum Center (the old Terminal Warehouse Building(15)), which houses the Museum of Discovery. Look for a marker approximately 20 feet West of the main entrance to this building.

30. What professional office used to be on this site and to whom did it belong?

Continue your hike West along President Clinton Avenue to St. Vincent Plaza. Turn North at St. Vincent Plaza and proceed North to the walkway along the South side of the Riverfront Amphitheater. Proceed Westerly along the walkway to the West end of the Amphitheater area.

Located just East and below the foot of the railroad bridge is the "Little Rock"(16). Proceed with caution down the hill to the monument. This is the Northern most point of the Quapaw Line.

31. What was the main purpose of this Rock?

Continue your hike West to the Portico (a covered, open-air walkway with informational plaques) in Riverfront Park. As you go through the Portico, take a few minutes to read the historical signs , especially the Civil War Marker discussing the Little Rock Campaign. Also in the portico is a wood carving, Love is Life, of a Native American figure, which was restored as part of an Eagle Project in 2001.

Continue along the bike trail to Arch Street. Turn South and proceed under Broadway and LaHarpe to Markham. Note the Broadway Bridge(17). Before reaching Markham Street the building to your East is the City Hall Annex. There is a Plaque on the Southwest Corner of the building (Use the sidewalk on Arch Street to get to the Plaque and stay out of the flowerbeds).

32. Who was the Fire Chief in 1913? Turn West on Markham Street to the Little Rock Police Department. Locate a large monument in front of the Department.

33. To whom is this monument dedicated?

Turn East and proceed along Markham Street to Broadway. Note the Monument in front of the building. Also, locate a large rock with a Marker on it in the front lawn of City Hall, East of the entrance.

34. When was City Hall erected? 35. When was the Time Capsule placed? 36. When was the Time Capsule opened and reburied for future generations?

Following traffic signals proceed to the Southeast corner of the intersection of Broadway and Markham Streets. Enter the garden and locate a Ground Marker indicating the location of a

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Bicentennial Time Capsule.

37. In what year is the Time Capsule to be opened?

Walk over to the West side of the garden and locate the large silver Historical Marker.

38. When was the Pulaski County government first organized and where was it located?

Locate a Marker on the Fountain.

39. Who was the County judge when it was presented?

Continue your hike to 2nd Street, turn East and proceed to the Pulaski County Courthouse(18). Turn North on Spring Street, at the Northeast corner of the Courthouse building, locate the Cornerstone.

40. When was the Courthouse erected?

Continue East on Markham to the main entrance to Arkansas' s First Capitol, commonly called the Old State House(19). Tour the grounds in a counter-clockwise manner. Read the inscriptions on each marker and plaque. Make sure to go East of the building as you look at it.

41. How many years was General Governor of the State of Arkansas? 42. How old was David O. Dodd when he was executed? 43. How many cannonballs are in front of the Lady Baxter cannon?

Proceed East along the South side of Markham Street to the Capital Hotel(20), located at the Southeast corner of the intersection of Markham and Louisiana. Find a plaque located on the Louisiana side of the Capital Hotel building.

44. On what date did what general visit Little Rock?

Proceed East on Markham to Main Street. Turn South on Main Street and proceed to 2nd Street. Proceed West on the South side of Markham to the First Site of the College of Medicine(21). Continue West on 2nd Street to the corner of 2nd and Spring Streets. Proceed immediately through the parking lot on the Southeast Corner of 2nd and Spring intersection. On the East side of the parking lot, find a small red building(22). Locate the plaque near the front door.

45. A General during the , what years was Governor of the Territory of Arkansas?

Proceed West on 2nd Street to Victory Street. Turn North on Victory Street to the Union Station(23) (Old Missouri Pacific Station). This building now houses Amtrak and offices. Read more in the back of this document to learn which of your favorite places was conceived here.

46. How many lion heads are on the Tower outside?

Proceed down the spiral staircase on the Southwest corner of the building closest to the tower. Proceed West. (You will note a staircase going up the hill. Feel free to take this route across the parking lots.) Go West on 2nd Street to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. Turn South on MLK and cross Markham Street to the Arkansas State Capitol(24). Proceed South to the North side of the Capitol grounds. Locate the Bicentennial Memorial in the center of the North Mall.

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47. What is in the center of the Bicentennial Memorial?

Just South, you will note a sculpture of the .

48. What is the name of this sculpture?

You are now at the Arkansas State Capitol. Find the answers to the following questions located around the Capitol and Grounds.

49. What does the woman on the top of the Statue have on her back? (Northeast corner of the Capitol Grounds – Confederate Soldiers of Arkansas Monument)

Proceed West along the rear of the Capitol building.

50. What is the weight of the Bauxite Boulder? (Located East the Capitol) 51. Why was the Granite Boulder moved here and when? (Located East the Capitol) 52. What year was the Arkansas Fallen Fire Fighters Memorial dedicated? (East of bolder) 53. What was located on these grounds before the present State Capitol Building? (South of the boulders)

Proceed to the South side of the Capitol building.

54. What date was the Eternal Flame of Freedom Monument dedicated? 55. To what war is the monument with a round ball on the top dedicated? (water fountains available at this monument) 56. What is the small boy holding in his right hand? (Confederate Women of Arkansas Monument) 57. How many Arkansans have received the Medal of Honor? 58. What did all the people on the "We Will Remember Them" Monument have in common? 59. How many panels of names are included in the Memorial Monument?

Behind the Vietnam War Memorial (opposite the Capitol building) is an intersection. Go to the intersection, you should now be standing at the Northwest corner of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive (MLK) and 7th Street. Proceed East on 7th Street to the Northeast corner of the intersection to the Arkansas Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors building. Proceed to the Zero Milestone monument in front of the building.

60. What year was the Zero Milestone originally erected? 61. What year was the Zero Milestone relocated and rededicated?

Continue hiking East along the North side of 7th Street to Chester Street. On the Northwest Corner of the intersection of 7th and Chester Streets is the Little Rock Central Fire Station. Locate a Memorial Plaque on the building.

62. What is the earliest date on the plaque?

Cross to the South side of 7th Street at Chester. Proceed East along the South side of 7th Street until you reach State Street. Turn South on State Street and proceed along the West side of State Street until you reach 9th Street. At the Northwest corner of 9th and State Streets is Arkansas Flag and Banner / Dreamland Ballroom(25). Locate the cornerstone on this building.

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63. What is the date on the Cornerstone?

Continue your hike South along State Street crossing Interstate 630. After crossing I-630, note Philander Smith College(26) to the West. Next proceed East on 10th Street to Broadway Avenue. Proceed South on Broadway to the entrance of (27). Go into the cemetery and walk around. A map of the cemetery is provided at page 11 of this packet. (Note: Remind everyone that this is a cemetery and should be respected.)

64. How many Confederate Generals are buried here? 65. Mount Holly Cemetery was established in what year? 66. On what "street" is David O. Dodd buried? 67. When was David O. Dodd executed? 68. On what "street" is Quatie buried? 69. What is Quatie's "American" name? 70. What is the shape of the W.B. Worthen tombstone?

When you leave the Cemetery Main Entrance on Broadway, proceed South along the West side of Broadway Avenue to 22nd Street. At the Northwest corner of the intersection is the House or Foster-Robinson House(28). Senator Joe T. Robinson lived here and entertained President Franklin Roosevelt here.

71. What year was the Foster-Robinson House built? (plaque on porch)

Turn East and proceed along the North side of 22nd Street to the intersection of Spring Streets. Proceed North on Spring Street to 18th Street. Turn East on 18th Street, you will be passing the Governor's Mansion(29). Just West of the entrance is a Marker. (Note: At the North end of Center Street is the first State Capitol, also known as the Old State House.)

72. How many years did President live in the Governor's Mansion?

From here, proceed North on Center Street to 14th Street / Daisy L. Gatson Bates(30) Drive. (Note: Mrs. Bates was very instrumental in the Civil Rights movement in Little Rock). Proceed East along Daisy L. Gatson Bates Drive to Scott Street. On the Northeast corner of the intersection is The Villa Marre(31).

73. Whose year was Villa Marre built?

Proceed East on Daisy L. Gaston Bates to Commerce Street. Cross I-630 at Commerce, ahead and proceed East along the footpath that parallels I-630 to the Pedestrian Bridge. Cross either of the bridges to get back into MacArthur Park. Continue North through the park to the East side of the MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History.

74. Whose quote is at the top of the Korean War Memorial Archway?

Congratulations You have just completed a 10+ mile historical hike through downtown Little Rock

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Last Update/Amendment: May 18, 2019

Last Updated and Amended By: For questions or guided hikes, please contact: Rex Reeves Rex Reeves Executive Board Member [email protected] Quapaw Area Council (501) 607-2975

It is our hope you have learned from your journey and enjoyed your adventure through downtown Little Rock. Upon completion of the hike, contact the Quapaw Area Council Service Center at 3220, Cantrell Road, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202 or at (501) 664-4780 to obtain your Quapaw Line Trail patch.

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Arkansas Heritage Award

The Arkansas Heritage Award is designed to give Cub Scouts recognition for studying prominent sites of historical significance to the State of Arkansas. By visiting historical sites, buildings, and monuments, Cubs can cultivate an appreciation for the people and events that gave Arkansas the former name “The Land of Opportunity”.

A patch can be awarded to each Cub that successfully completes the requirements for the Arkansas Heritage Award. The embroidered patch can be purchased from the Quapaw Area Council office.

Requirements: A. Tell when Arkansas became a state (1836) B. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the State Bird? (Mockingbird) 2. What is the State Flower? (Apple Blossom) 3. What is the State Tree? (Pine Tree) 4. What is the State Motto? (The People Rule) C. Visit at least three historical points of interest and explain why each is important.

Location:

Below are some of Arkansas' historical places within the Quapaw Area Council's territory.

1. Arkansas State Capitol (Little Rock) 2. Old State House (Little Rock) 3. Historic Arkansas Museum / Territorial Restoration (Little Rock) 4. Jacksonport (north of Newport) 5. La Petite Roche (Little Rock) 6. Arkansas Post (near Gillett) 7. MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History (Old Arsenal) 8. Little Rock Central High National Historic Site 9. Your local County Court House Other local sites may be used at the discretion of the Den Leader.

How to Purchase:

Contact the Quapaw Area Council Service Center 3220 Cantrell Road Little Rock, AR 72202 501) 664-4780

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HISTORICAL CITATIONS Below are brief summaries of historical information of noted sites along the Quapaw Line Trail.

(1) MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History - The Tower Building of the Little Rock Arsenal, also known as the Main Building of the U.S. Arsenal at Little Rock, or Headquarters Building of the Little Rock Barracks, is the home of the MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History. It is also a part of the MacArthur Park Historic District, in Little Rock, Arkansas. Built between 1840 and 1841, it was part of Little Rock's first U.S. military installation. Since decommissioning, the building has housed two local museums. The building receives its name from its distinct octagonal tower. Besides being the last remaining structure of the original U.S. military installation and one of the oldest buildings in central Arkansas, it was also the birthplace of General Douglas MacArthur, who became the supreme commander of U.S. forces in the South Pacific during World War II. It was also the starting place of the Camden Expedition during the . In 1912, the second floor of the Tower Building became Little Rock's first public library. The building is one of 17 locations in the State of Arkansas (1 of 6 in Little Rock) designated as a National Historic Landmark.

(2) Quapaw Line – The Quapaw (or Arkansas and Ugahxpa) people are a tribe of Native Americans. The French named the Arkansas River and the territory and state of Arkansas for them. On August 24, 1818, the Quapaw Line was drawn. Starting at La Petite Roche and heading due south, this line formed the boundary between the Quapaw tribe lands and public lands available for settlement. Though by 1824, the Quapaw were forced to give up all of their lands, the line continued serve as an important marker. In the ensuing six years, the first permanent settlement of Little Rock took place and streets were planned. It is interesting to note that the 1818 treaty referred to La Petite Roche as the Little Rock. Some have speculated that this is the first official use of “Little Rock” to designate the outcropping. When the Post Office was established in March 1820, it was given the name Little Rock. Read more on the Quapaw Line in Spencer Watson’s article at http://arkansaslife.com/exploring-the-little- known-200-year-old-quapaw-line/.

(3) Arkansas Foundry (AFCO Steel) - AFCO Steel was founded as a foundry and machine shop in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1909.

(4) East Village – East Village, an area bordered by I-30, Arkansas River, Bill and National Airport, and 9th Street, was first home to immigrants who worked small subsistence farms in the low-lying bottom land east of Little Rock. The area's location along the bank of the Arkansas River, which carries freight to the River, and the heavy presence of the Missouri Pacific and Rock Island railroads that arrived in the late 1800s, helped change it into a thriving industrial area. Late 19th century maps of Little Rock show industrial activity concentrated along the banks of the Arkansas River, between Cumberland and Byrd Street, which is the area that now contains Interstate 30. The early 20th century saw an increasing number of heavy industrial concerns such as foundries, cotton mills, freight yards, lumber yards, brick yards, and furniture factories. Several small worker housing developments replaced the farms and homesteads that were the first structures in the area. The industrial concerns were well-connected to commercial areas to the west by the main thoroughfares of 3rd, 6th and 9th streets.

(5) Heifer International Headquarters – Heifer Project International is a global nonprofit working to eradicate poverty and hunger through sustainable, values-based holistic community development. Heifer distributes animals, along with agricultural and values-based training, to families in need around the world as a means of providing self-sufficiency. Heifer International has distributed livestock such as goats, bees, and water , along with training and other resources, to 32 million families, or more than 100 million people in more than 125 countries.

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(6) Choctaw Route Station Rock Island Line - The station, built in 1899 for the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad was also used by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad until passenger service was discontinued in November 1967. The building was subsequently purchased by the Arkansas Gazette and later restored by a restaurant chain, Spaghetti Warehouse. It is a single-story brick building with elaborate terra cotta detailing and is one of the architecturally finest stations in the state. A companion structure, the 1899 Choctaw freight station, was razed in November 2001 after a contentious debate between the City of Little Rock and historic preservationists. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The building now houses the Clinton School of Public Service, a branch of the at the Clinton Presidential Center.

(7) Curran Hall - Curran Hall, also known as the Walters-Curran-Bell House, is a historic house at 615 East Capitol Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It was built in 1842 for Colonel Ebenezer Walters as a gift to his wife who died before it was completed prompting Colonel Walters to leave Arkansas. In 1849 this became the home of James and Sophia Curran and their three children lived. James Curran became a prominent Little Rock Lawyer. The single-story house is built in the Greek Revival style with Doric pilasters at the entrance way. Two auxiliary buildings, constructed at about the same time as the main building, were moved and attached to the rear of the house in 1891. The house is significant as one of the few remaining antebellum era landmarks in Little Rock. It served as the home of pre-Civil war Arkansas Supreme Court Justice George Watkins. Jacob Frolich purchased the home after the war, who would become a post-reconstruction Arkansas Secretary of State. Before that, however, Frolich, an opponent of the reconstruction Arkansas government and fearful of reprisals, fortified Curran Hall with trap doors and placed his livestock inside the house at night. Frolich was indicted for the murder of a reputed informant for the reconstruction government and fled to Canada, but later returned and was acquitted of the charge. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In 1996 it was acquired by the City of Little Rock and later renovated and opened as an information center in 2002.

(8) Trapnall Hall - Trapnall Hall is an exquisite example of Greek Revival architecture. It was constructed in 1843 of brick at a time when most houses were made of either wood or rock. The architect is unknown. The house was built for Frederic and Martha Trapnall. Frederic Trapnall was a lawyer who spent several sessions in the Arkansas General Assembly. Frederic fell ill and died in 1853, and Martha lived in the home until her death in 1861. In 1929, Julia Taylor purchased the home and donated it to the Junior League of Little Rock in memory of her late husband, Charles Taylor. The building served for many years as headquarters for the Junior League, until the league donated half of its appraised value to the state, along with the deed. Today, Trapnall Hall serves as the official receiving hall for the governor and is rented for special events and occasions. It is under the care and supervision of the Old State House Museum. The Quapaw line runs along the western edge of the property. Trapnall Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1973.

(9) Pike-Fletcher-Terry House - The Pike–Fletcher–Terry House, also known as just the Terry Mansion and now the Community Gallery at the Terry House, is a historic house at 8th and Rock Streets in central Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a large two-story Greek Revival building, whose grounds occupy the western end of a city block bounded by Rock, 8th, and 7th Streets. Its most prominent feature is its north-facing six-column Greek temple portico. The house was built in 1840 for Albert Pike, a leading figure in Arkansas' territorial and early state history. It has also been home to John Fletcher, a prominent Little Rock businessman and American Civil War veteran, and David D. Terry, Fletcher's son-in- and a prominent Arkansas politician. It was then home to prominent philanthropist and political activist Adolphine Fletcher Terry. She and her sister Mary Fletcher Drennan willed the family mansion to the city, for use

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by the nearby Arkansas Art Center. It has been a municipal building since 1964. It served as the Arkansas Decorative Arts Center from 1985 to 2003. It is now used by the Art Center as an event space and gallery. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

(10) Albert Pike Hotel - The hotel was built in 1929 by the Farrell Hotel Company at an approximate cost of $1,000,000. It was designed by architect Eugene John Stern in the Italian-Spanish Revival style. The two main wings are eight stories each and are connected across the back by a ten-story cross section. Decorated stone pediments extend above the roof line in the center of each wing. The cloister type porch graces the main entries which are flanked by triple arched leaded-glass windows. Above the entries are terra cotta medallions featuring heraldic shields with the initials "AP". The elaborate decor includes detailed stenciling, leaded and stained-glass windows, extensive decorative tile, iron work, and ornate light fixtures. The hotel is named after one of Arkansas's leading historical figures, Albert Pike, a teacher, attorney, newspaperman, Confederate , and later a judge of the Arkansas Supreme Court. The building was a hotel from its construction in 1928 (opening in 1929) until December 1971. The Albert Pike Hotel was entered into the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior in 1978.

(11) Albert Pike Memorial Temple - The Albert Pike Memorial Temple is a historic Masonic lodge. It is an imposing three-story Classical Revival structure, finished in limestone, and featuring a long colonnade of 40-foot columns on its front facade, which occupies half of a city block. Entry is gained to the building via three sets of massive bronze doors flanked by stone eagles. Completed in 1924, it was designed by local Masons George R. Mann and Eugene Stern. The of was introduced in Arkansas by Albert Pike, and the Temple is named in his honor. The Temple is the headquarters of the local governing body of Freemasonry, the Arkansas Grand Lodge. In its current form, the Albert Pike Memorial Temple is the result of successive transformations to the original structure. In 1901, a first building, called the Albert Pike Consistory Building, was erected on the corner of 8th and Scott streets. In 1913, the building was enlarged to accommodate a growing membership. After a fire in 1919, the consistory was remodeled and enclosed in the new Temple. The building was dedicated on May 12, 1924. On May 7, 1952, a fire destroyed mainly the older part of the building, at the south end. The rebuilt temple was dedicated in September 1956. The building is owned by the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry and houses another local Masonic section, the York Rite Bodies. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

(12) Cathedral of St. Andrews - The Cathedral of St. Andrew is the oldest continuing place of worship in Little Rock (Pulaski County). It was dedicated in 1881 by Bishop Edward Fitzgerald, the second bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Little Rock. Built in Gothic Revival style, the Cathedral of St. Andrew is made of rusticated granite mined from the Fourche Mountains, the northern section of the Ouachita Mountains. The structure was designed by architect Thomas Harding. The bell tower contains a 3,400-pound bell, the heaviest in Pulaski County. The bell tower stands 231 feet tall and was completed in 1887. The cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Little Rock; deceased bishops are buried in a crypt below the church. The cathedral was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1986.

(13) Arkansas Gazette Building - The Gazette Building in Little Rock, Arkansas was built in 1908. It was designed by architect George R. Mann and built by Peter Hotze. The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Originally and for many years, the building served as the headquarters of the Arkansas Gazette (later the Arkansas Democrat- Gazette) newspaper, the oldest newspaper west of the Mississippi River. Its historic building in downtown Little Rock served as the national campaign headquarters for the 1992 presidential campaign of Governor Bill Clinton. It now houses a portion of eStem Public Charter Schools.

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(14) Historic Arkansas Museum / Territorial Restoration - Historic Arkansas Museum is a historic site museum of Arkansas's frontier days. Five pre-Civil War houses, on their original block, are restored to antebellum appearances, so you can learn about life pre-Civil War in Arkansas. Guided tours of the historic houses encounter actors portraying original residents, making it easy to step back in time and learn about the . The Museum opened on July 19, 1941. On the site is Little Rock's oldest standing building, built by Jesse Hinderliter in 1820, served as a tavern, restaurant, hotel and private residence. In the early 19th century, it was a hub of activity-attracting travelers, trappers, surveyors, boatmen and others

(15) Terminal Warehouse Building - The Terminal Warehouse Building, also known as Markham Tower East, is a historic commercial building 500 East Markham Street in downtown Little Rock, Arkansas. Occupying a full city block, it is a massive four-story brick building, with a central eight-story tower on its Markham Street facade. Built in 1926, it is despite its utilitarian use (now as a mixed-use space), a fine example of Venetian Gothic architecture, and a reminder of the city's long history as an important transportation hub. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

(16) La Petite Roche - In 1722 the French explorer Bènard de LaHarpe sailed up the Arkansas River and upon sighting the first rock bluff since leaving the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi River (a journey of 700 miles), he noted it in his journal as the “big rock”, which is upstream and on north side of the river from the little rock. Benard de la Harpe referred to this as the la petite roche or "Little Rock" to distinguish it from the "Big Rock" upstream. It is one of the most important landmarks in Arkansas. Early travelers on their way up the river noticed that this rock marked the transition from the alluvial lands of the East to the rugged hills of the Ozarks and Ouachitas.

(17) Broadway Bridge - The current bridge opened to traffic in March of 2017 and was built with a budget of $98.4 million. The original bridge was demolished in 2016. It was also an arch bridge and it opened in 1923. The bridge includes two 450-foot spans incorporating basket handle arches. Each arch is estimated to weigh 2,000 tons.

(18) Pulaski County Courthouse - The courthouse has two portions: an elaborate Romanesque edifice built of stone and brick in 1887-89 to a design by Max A. Orlopp, and a large four-story Beaux Arts annex designed by George Mann and added in 1913-14. The annex is acknowledged as one of Mann's most successful commissions. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

(19) Old State House - The Old State House Museum is the oldest surviving capitol building west of the Mississippi River. It was the site of the 1861 secession debate, as well as the 1868 Constitutional Convention when delegates agreed to ensure voting rights for freedmen and establish public schools. The Arkansas General Assembly moved into the building while construction was ongoing. On December 4, 1837, in the first session of the General Assembly, Speaker John Wilson killed Representative Joseph J. Anthony in a knife fight on the floor of the state House of Representatives. The building served as a state capitol until the new capitol building was constructed in 1912. For a time, it was used as a medical school. Afterwards, it served as an Arkansas war memorial and was used as an office building for federal and state agencies, as well as a meeting place for patriotic organizations. In 1947 the General Assembly approved acts designating the State House as a museum. The front entrance was the site of President Bill Clinton's presidential campaign announcement and the site of his election night celebrations in both of his campaigns for the presidency, in 1992 and 1996. The Old Statehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in December 1969. The building underwent major renovation in 1996, and it was designated a National

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Historic Landmark in 1997. The Old State House is one of 17 locations in the State of Arkansas (1 of 6 in Little Rock) designated as a National Historic Landmark.

(20) Capital Hotel - Built near the river port, the Denckla Block, as it was first known, was built to house offices, shops, and gentlemen’s apartments for businessmen. In the second half of the nineteenth century, after the end of the Civil War, Little Rock was a growing river port and rail station. There was already an upscale hotel on the river, the Metropolitan, so William P. Denckla, a wealthy New York railroad tycoon, saw a business opportunity in creating a place to nurture commerce in the capital city of the growing state. Though not originally built as a hotel, the Denckla Block became one in 1877 after the Metropolitan Hotel, the city’s only upscale hotel, burned on December 14, 1876. The manager of the Metropolitan, Colonel A. G. DeShon, along with Major John Adams, was instrumental in leasing the Denckla Block as a home for a new hotel, persuading its agents at the time of the need for a grand hotel in the capital city. The hotel hosted many notable political and historical figures, including President Ulysses S. Grant. Its ground level window bays are articulated by Corinthian pilasters, and the tall second and third floor windows are set in round-arch openings with Ionic pilasters between. The fourth-floor windows are set in segmented-arch openings with smaller Corinthian pilasters. The hotel was, when it opened in 1877, the grandest in the city, and the building is still a local landmark. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

(21) First Site Arkansas College of Medicine - In October 1879, eight physicians pooled their money and invested $5,000 to start the first medical school in Arkansas. They acquired the former Sperindo Restaurant and Hotel in downtown Little Rock, the first location of the medical school at that time known as the Medical Department of Arkansas Industrial University (later renamed University of Arkansas). The medical school was housed in several locations during the early 20th century, including the Old State House, the former Arkansas State Capitol. In 1951, Arkansas Governor Sid McMath used cigarette tax funds to construct a new University Hospital and education facilities on a 26-acre site on West Markham Street in what was then the outskirts of Little Rock. The College of Medicine moved to this location in 1956 when construction on the new University of Arkansas Medical Center was completed and remains there today.

(22) George Izard Residence – This home was built in 1824 and was the residence of George Izard (October 21, 1776 – November 22, 1828). Izard was a senior officer of the who served as the second Governor of from 1825 to 1828. Izard was born in Richmond, England, to , who was a delegate to the and United States Senator from , and Alice DeLancey, niece of New York Governor James DeLancey. Referred to as the “aristocrat” he had an extensive education and refinement in the east and Europe and was a native of South Carolina. He attended the College de Navarre in Paris, Columbia University in New York, the College of Philadelphia, and the École du Génie at Metz, France, where he was trained in military engineering. Izard returned to the United States in November 1794 and received a commission as in the US Army Corps of Engineers and oversaw the construction of Castle Pinckney in South Carolina. In January 1800, Izard became aide-de-camp to Army commander . In March 1812, Izard was appointed as Colonel of the newly organized 2nd Artillery Regiment. He was promoted to Brigadier General a year later. Promoted to Major General in January 1814, he oversaw the Northern Army protecting Lake Champlain, until ordered to reinforce the Army of Niagara. He was discharged in June 1815. Izard was appointed Governor of Arkansas Territory in March 1825 and served until his death in 1828. Izard died of complications of gout in Little Rock, Arkansas. Izard was originally buried near the Peabody School in Little Rock. After the historic Mount Holly Cemetery was established, Izard's remains were moved to the Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock in 1843. Izard County, Arkansas and Izard Street in Little Rock are named for him.

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(23) Union Station – Union Station is the third depot to stand on the site. The present structure was predated by a large wooden structure erected in 1874, which was demolished in favor of a brick station that opened in 1909 and burned in 1920. The present Little Rock station opened August 1, 1921, having been constructed by the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac) after a fire destroyed the prior station on April 7, 1920. The structure used existing foundations, some exterior walls and the clock tower of the previous station, which had survived the fire. The station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Mopac Station" and was added to the Register on June 17, 1977. Although known as Union Station, this structure was used by only a single railroad, Missouri Pacific. Prior structures on this site were served by two additional railroads, Memphis & Little Rock (1874–1893) and St. Louis Southwestern Railroad (known as the 'Cotton Belt'). (ca. 1892–1910). In the 1980s, Union Station was home to Buster’s Bar and Restaurant and Slick Willy’s, which offered beer, pizza, billiards and video games. The company’s founders would go on to combine the two concepts to create Dave & Busters in Dallas in 1982.

(24) Arkansas State Capitol – The Arkansas State Capitol was constructed over 16 years between 1899 and 1915 on the site of the old state penitentiary using prison labor. The prisoners lived in a dormitory that was left on the Capitol grounds while construction was taking place. The Capitol foundations were aligned incorrectly by their original builder. Builders centered the building on the centerline of Fifth Street (now Capitol Avenue) but aligned the building north-south using the still-standing penitentiary walls as a guide without recognizing that Fifth Street was not aligned east-west; like other "east-west" downtown Little Rock streets, it runs parallel to the Arkansas River at a slight angle off true east-west. Therefore, the structure is in a north-south manner from end-to-end, which does not fit the grid street pattern of Little Rock's downtown. This also led to a slight S-curve in the formal entrance walkway between the foot of Capitol Avenue and the front steps of the Capitol. Designed by architects George Mann and Cass Gilbert, the original construction cost was not to exceed $1 million. After two general contractors, six Capitol Commissions and three governors, the completed Capitol cost almost $2.3 million. In 1911, the General Assembly convened in the unfinished building for their first session at the new State Capitol. The neo- classical style of the building is a common example of monumental architecture of the early 20th century. The marble on the floors and walls came from Vermont, the columns from Colorado, and the grand staircases from Alabama. The exterior limestone was quarried near Batesville, Arkansas while a softer Indiana limestone was used for the dome. The Capitol contains 247,000 square feet. The distance from ground level to the top of the cupola is 213 feet. The cupola is covered in gold leaf. As a smaller scale replica of the in Washington, D.C., the State Capitol has frequently been used as a filming location. More on the Capitol Building and Capital Grounds can be found at: https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/uploads/stateCapitol/2018_grounds_tour.pdf https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/uploads/stateCapitol/2017_self_tour.pdf

(25) Arkansas Flag & Banner – Flag and Banner’s headquarters, Taborian Hall, has been on the Historic National Register since 1991. Taborian Hall, a three story, red brick building was built in 1916. In the 1900’s, Dreamland Ballroom played a huge part in the history and development of the African American community in Little Rock, hosting legendary musicians such as Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Etta James, BB King, Cab Callaway, Louis Jordan, Redd Fox and many more.

(26) Philander Smith College - Philander Smith College is a private college, in Little Rock, Arkansas. Philander Smith College is affiliated with the . Philander Smith College was officially founded in 1877 under the name of Walden Seminary as on of the first attempts to provide educational opportunities for freed slaves west of the Mississippi River. In 1882 the school was renamed Philander Smith College in honor of the financial

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contributions of Adeline Smith, widow of Philander Smith. It was chartered as a four-year college in 1883 and conferred its first bachelor's degree in 1888. In 1933, it merged the assets of the George R. Smith College in Sedalia, Missouri, which burned down in 1925.

(27) Mount Holly Cemetery – Mount Holly Cemetery dates from February 23, 1843, when ground was deeded by two leading citizens, and Roswell Beebe, to the city of Little Rock. The cemetery is located on a four-square-block site between 11th and 13th streets and from Broadway to Gaines Street. Mount Holly Cemetery is often called the Westminster Abbey of Arkansas, a name that seems justified by the great number of individuals of significance in the fields of art, literature, religion, and politics who are buried there. Eleven Arkansas governors are interred therein, as well as thirteen state Supreme Court Justices, four United States senators, four Confederate generals, and twenty-one Little Rock mayors. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. More information is available at http://mounthollycemetery.org/. A map of the cemetery is provided at page 9 of this packet and at https://www.littlerock.gov/Images/UserFiles/PDF/StatisticsReports/mt_holly0001.pdf.

(28) Joseph Taylor Robinson House – The Robinson House was designed by Frank W. Gibb and built in 1904 for one of Little Rock’s leading businessmen, Harry H. Foster. The home was purchased in 1930 by Joseph T. Robinson and his wife. Robinson was elected to the US House of Representatives in 1902 and served five terms. Robinson was elected the 23rd Governor of Arkansas in 1912. After 55 days as Governor, Senator Jeff Davis died, and the Arkansas General Assembly elected Robinson to fill the unexpired term. Robinson holds the distinction of being the last Senator in American history to be elected by a legislature since the law changed shortly thereafter to provide for an election by popular vote. Robinson served as Senator from 1913-1937, where he established good rapport with Presidents Wilson, Harding, Coolidge, Hoover and Roosevelt. Robinson was a leading Democrat and served as both the Minority and Majority Leader of the Senate. Robinson was instrumental in the passing of the New Deal legislation. Robinson was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1928 as a running mate to Alfred Smith of New York. Robinson was politically powerful in a crucial period of American history and his contributions helped the country, among other things, to overcome the economic depression. On June 10, 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was entertained at a dinner party given in his honor at the Robinson House. The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994, in recognition for its association with Robinson during his period of greatest influence in national politics. The home is one of 17 locations in the State of Arkansas (1 of 6 in Little Rock) designated as a National Historic Landmark.

(29) Arkansas Governor’s Mansion - The Arkansas Governor's Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Arkansas and Arkansas' First Family. In 1947, Act 257 of the Arkansas General Assembly established a Governor's Mansion Commission with an appropriation of $100,000. The site was the former location of the Arkansas School for the Blind, which had moved to new quarters near the city's neighborhood. The architects were Frank J. Ginocchio, Jr. and Edwin B. Cromwell. The architectural style of the mansion is Georgian Revival, colonial type. The main material of the exterior is brick. Construction began in December 1947 (incorporating 300,000 bricks from the original School for the Blind structures), and the Governor's Residence became operational officially on January 10, 1950. The first Governor to reside here was Sidney S. McMath, who moved in on February 3, 1950. Significant additions to the mansion were completed during the administration of Michael Huckabee. The area surrounding the Governor’s Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1978 as the Governor’s Mansion Historic District.

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(30) Daisy Gaston Bates - Daisy Lee Gatson Bates (November 11, 1914 – November 4, 1999) was an American civil rights activist, publisher, journalist, and lecturer who played a leading role in the Little Rock Integration Crisis of 1957. Bates and her husband settled in Little Rock, Arkansas and started their own newspaper. The Arkansas Weekly was one of the only African American newspapers solely dedicated to the Civil Rights Movement. The paper was circulated state wide. Bates not only worked as an editor, but also regularly contributed articles. Bates also worked with local Civil Rights organizations. For many years, she served as the President of the Arkansas chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Her work with the NAACP not only transformed the Civil Rights Movement but it also made Bates a household name. When the national NAACP office started to focus on Arkansas’ schools, they looked to Bates to plan the strategy. She took the reins and organized the Little Rock Nine. Bates selected nine students to integrate Central High School in Little Rock in 1957. She regularly drove the students to school and worked tirelessly to ensure they were protected from violent crowds. She also advised the group and even joined the school’s parent organization. Daisy Bates' house became a National Historic Landmark because of her role during the desegregation of schools. Her house served as a haven for The Little Rock Nine. After the success of the Little Rock Nine, Bates continued to work on improving the status of in the South. Her influential work with school integration brought her national recognition. In 1962, she published her memoirs, The Long Shadow of Little Rock. After the success of the Little Rock Nine, Bates continued to work on improving the status of African Americans in the South. Her influential work with school integration brought her national recognition. In 1962, she published her memoirs, The Long Shadow of Little Rock.

(31) The Villa Marre – Built in 1881 for Angelo and Jennie Marre as a family home. Marre, an Italian immigrant, designed the home with significant Italian influence in the Second Empire Architectural style. After the death of Angelo Marre in 1889, followed by the death of his wife in 1904, the house was sold to a variety of owners and served as a nursing home, a rental property, a dance studio, and an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting facility before being condemned by the city in 1964. While waiting for the bulldozers, owner Mary Morris sold the house to James W. Strawn Jr. for the sum of $11,550 on January 29, 1964. After two years of renovations, Strawn christened the home the “Villa Marre” in honor of its builders. Upon its completion, he sought a guardian to insure the home never fell into neglect again. In 1979, Strawn gave the building, one of Little Rock’s finest examples of nineteenth-century architecture, to the Quapaw Quarter Association, which assumed responsibility for its preservation. The home has since been returned to private ownership. Due to its significant history, the Villa Marre was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. The Villa Marre façade became familiar to millions of people around the world through its appearance in the opening credits of a popular television show. Television producers and former Arkansas residents Harry Z. Thomason and his wife, Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, used the home’s exterior to depict the design firm run by the main characters of the couple’s CBS television series, . The house—which has weathered storms, architectural changes, urban renewal, and neglect—is still one of Little Rock’s most prominent landmarks.

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Answer Key to Quapaw Line Trail Questions

1. Douglas MacArther, January 26, 1880 2. Beginning and End of the Quapaw Line Trail of the Boy Scouts of America, Quapaw Area Council 3. Lest We Forget 4. Memorial to Max Mehlburger 5. Col. Elgan C. Robertson 6. 1898 – 1902 7. October 25, 1905 8. 1903 9. General Frederick Steele 10. Dr. James H. Lenow and Dr. Richard S. Vickery 11. Jeanette Edris Rockefeller 12. Mr. & Mrs. T. L. Bellingrath, Sr. 13. Carrie Remmel Dickinson 14. 1818 15. General Sterling Price 16. 3 sheep 17. Clinton School of Public Service, Choctaw Station, Sturgis Hall 18. 1842 19. 1843 20. 1888 21. Home 22. East of MacArthur Park 23. November 21, 1838 24. 1881 25. Large Standing Figure Knife Edge 26. 1902 27. First City Council Meeting, 1831 28. October 5 – November 16m 1835 29. 2nd Site of the Arkansas College of Medicine 30. Law Offices of 31. Marked the Crossing of the North and South Trail of the Arkansas River 32. Chas S. Hafer 33. Little Rock Police Officers killed in the line of duty 34. 1906 35. 1932 36. 1988 37. May 1, 2076 38. May 24, 1819, Home of Samuel McHenry 39. Arch Campbell 40. 1887 41. 1819 – 1825 42. 17 years old 43. 14 cannon balls 44. April 15, 1880, General U.S. Grant 45. 1825 – 1828 46. 7 lion heads (4 at top, 2 at bottom, 1 as the fountain) 47. Reproduction of the Liberty Bell 48. Testament 49. Wings 50. Nearly 20 Tons 51. To commemorate the 100th year of Arkansas’s statehood 52. 2014

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Answer Key to Quapaw Line Trail Questions, continued

53. Arkansas Penitentiary 54. June 10, 1993 55. War of 1812 56. Drum and Drumsticks 57. 25 Medal of Honor Recipients 58. They are all Law Enforcement Officers 59. 16 panels of names 60. 1933 61. 2009 62. 1876 63. 1916 64. 4 Confederate Generals 65. 1843 66. Elm Street 67. January 8, 1964 68. Willow 69. Elizabeth Ross 70. Obelisk 71. 1904 72. 12 years 73. 1881 74. President Calvin Coolidge

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