Transported in Time

Convict information We have provided indents, or muster lists, of the convict transport ships the Louisa and the Florentia. As part of your preparation for this excursion you may like to allocate each student a convict identity chosen from the muster lists supplied. Please see pre-visit activities for suggestions on how to use these.

The female convicts arrived in the colony on 3 December 1827, on the Louisa which sailed from Woolwich on the 24 August 1827. The journey took 101 days. There were 90 Scottish and English women and 21 children on the ship. While all survived the journey, some were treated in hospital on arrival.

The male convicts arrived in the colony on 3 January 1828 on the Florentia which sailed from England via Cork (Ireland) on the 15 September 1827. The journey took 110 days. On board were 165 male convicts, 4 women, 6 children and the Captain’s wife.

Staff roles Members of staff who are in costume and character as house servants will meet students and outline the range of tasks to be completed. As servants were traditionally hired to perform specific areas of work (i.e. as house, garden or kitchen servants), students are assigned to similar working groups.

Past experience has shown that a pre-visit classroom discussion about convict life and the early colonial environment assists in the achievement of educational goals and ensures a more engaging, enjoyable experience.

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NB Participants in in Time : With Scones Please note as part of these working groups some students are allocated to kitchen and some to house chores so only some students will cook the scones, but all students will be able to eat the scones.

Historical background was built in 1793 and was the home of John and . It is ’s oldest surviving homestead. It was a half-day journey by water from and a few minutes’ walk or ride from , and was located in close proximity to John’s regiment. Surrounded by water on three sides, it supported some of the finest land in the colony, suitable for the cultivation of wheat, corn, fruit trees and raising livestock.

As the colony increased in prosperity, so did the Macarthurs, who had access to an ample supply of convict labour from 1791 onwards. Unlike other settlers they did not experience extreme hardship and shortage and in later years employed up to 30 to 40 people, including stock-keepers, gardeners, cooks, labourers and servants.

Preparing for your visit: 1. There are two source studies included in this document that you could do with your students prior to you visit. One is about the Macarthurs and the other is about Convicts (using the muster lists and other sources). 2. You could also use the muster lists to allocate a convict identity to each student. Students can dress up as their convict on the day of the excursion to Elizabeth Farm.

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Transported in Time – Pre-visit activity The Macarthurs: Source study

Source A: Elizabeth Macarthur ca. 1850. Oil Source B: John Macarthur ca. 1850. Oil on canvas. on canvas. Unknown artist Unknown artist

Source C , The Residence of John McArthur Esqre. near Parramatta, . 1825. tate Library of Victoria Collection.

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Source D: Letter from Elizabeth Macarthur to her friend Miss Bridgit Kingdon, 1 September [1798].

Our Farm, which contains from four to five hundred Acres, is bounded on three sides by water. This is particularly convenient. We have at this time, about one hundred and twenty acres in Wheat, all in a promising state. Our Gardens, with Fruit and Vegetables are extensive and produce abundantly. It is now Spring and the Eye is delighted with a most beautiful variegated Landscape. Almonds, Apricots, Pear and Apple Trees are in full bloom.

Mr Macarthur has frequently in his employment thirty or forty people whom we pay weekly for their labour. Eight are employed as Stock-Keepers, in the Garden, Stables and House & five more, besides women servants; these we both feed & clothe, or at least we furnish them with the means of providing clothes for themselves.

Vocabulary: Acre – about one football field Abundantly – in large quantities Variegated – showing different colours

Source E: Letter from Elizabeth Macarthur to Miss Kingdon, 7 March [1791]. Historical Records of New South Wales, vol 2, p 504

Daringa (c1770–1795) was the wife of Colebee, a Gadigal warrior. She brought a new born baby girl to Elizabeth Farm. Elizabeth says she ordered something for the poor Woman to Eat, and had her taken proper care of for some little while … The Child thrives remarkably well and I discover a softness and gentleness of Manners in Daringa truly interesting. Thomas Watling, Da-ring-ha, Colebee's Wife, 1792 and 1797, Natural History Museum (London). Questions for discussion: 1. [Sources A and B]: Describe the clothes John and Elizabeth Macarthur are wearing in their painted portraits. How can you tell they are wealthy free settlers? Provide a reason for your answer from the source. 2. [Source C]: What can you see about the landscape at Parramatta that would have made it a desirable place for the Macarthurs to build their farm? 3. [Source D]: a. What does Elizabeth mention in her letter to Miss Kingdon about the advantages of the farm being where it is? b. What does she say is growing at Elizabeth Farm? c. How many convicts do the Macarthur’s have and what do they do? 4. [Source E]: a. How did Elizabeth Macarthur help Daringa? What does this tell us about Elizabeth? b. What can we learn about Daringa from Elizabeth’s letter?

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Transported in Time – Pre-visit activity Convicts: Source study

What do we know about the convicts who came to the colony? 1. Using the muster sheets from the Louisa and the Florentia, your teacher will allocate a convict identity to you. Using the indents, answer the following questions: a. Where were you born? b. What is your skill or trade? c. What crime did you commit? d. What was your sentence? 2. Draw and illustrate your convict character, including details such as tattoos, scars and hair and eye colour.

Source A: Drawing of convicts in , 1793, Felipe Bauza, State Library of New South Wales.

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Source B

GOVERNMENT NOTICE COLONIAL SECRETARY’S OFFICE, SYDNEY, DECEMBER 3, 1827.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that Families, who are in Want of Female Servants, may be supplied from the English and Scotch Prisoners arrived in the Ship Louisa, from London, provided they apply, according to the established Form, to the Principal Superintendent of Convicts, before Thursday, the 13th Instant. Printed Forms, for this Purpose, may be gained by applying at this Office or at the Office of the Principal Superintendent of Convicts. By Command of his Excellency the Governor, ALEXANDER MCLEAY.

Questions for discussion:

3. [Source A]: Describe the clothes that the convicts are wearing in the drawing. How are they different from the clothes worn by the Macarthurs? 4. [Source B]: What does the advertisement tell us about how the Macarthurs got their convict servants?

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Florentia Muster Roll of 172 English Male Convicts arrived in on the 3rd January 1828 on Board the Florentia J.T. Billett: commander from England. James Dickson Surgeon Superintendent, Muster held on board the said Ship the 5th January 1828 by Alexander Mc. Leay Esq’r Colonial Secretary; Mustered No. 165 Died 1 Disembarked at Cork 6 ______172 Total ______No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Place Trade or Offence Where Tried When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Calling Tried (years) conviction of Hair 137 Joseph 16 None Protestant S No Wolverhampt Errand Stealing Stafford 15 7 3 4’5 ¾” Ruddy Brown Dark Right arm disabled. ACTON on Boy Money March pockpitted Hazel Small scar over left 1827 eye 78 Richard 18 Reads Catholic S No Suffolk House Picking London 24 Oct 7 No 5’ 3 ¼” Ruddy Dark Hazel Small scar on right BARRETT Writes servant pockets 1825 brown eyelid. Woman, Shoemaker MAK, crucifixion & RBJBDBAB on right arm. Anchor, MA and heart on left arm. Mole over left eye. 20 John 30 Reads Protestant S No Gloucester Farmers Sheep Gloucester 9 Apr Life No 5’5 ½” Ruddy Dark Hazel Much pockpitted and BAYLIN man & stealing 1827 brown several cuts on right miner side of head. 123 Benjamin 23 Reads Protestant S No Salop Miner Cow Shrewsbury 23 Life No 5’5 ½” Ruddy Black Light Weak eyes CARTWRIGHT stealing March brown

56 John BOND 41 Reads Protestant M 4 Glastonbury Stationer Stolen London 5 April 14 No 5’5” Dark ruddy Black to Brown Pockpitted shot Writes children stationery grey through ….& through right arm underneath joint; right thumb joint sti-- - wounded upper joint left forehand. 164 Thomas 20 Reads Protestant S No Lanark Stone Rioting Glasgow 7 May 14 2 5’7” Ruddy Brown Blue Cut over corner of Cunningham Writes cutter 1827 right eye. 4 Thomas 22 Reads Protestant S No Buckingham Farmers Highway Aylesbury 6 March Life 2 5’5 ¼” Ruddy fair Brown Grey Small mark corner BULL shire man robbery left eye 13 Nathan 24 Reads Protestant M No Derby Potter Stealing Derby 19 July 7 2 5’7” Ruddy Red to Hazel No marks BURROWS Writes cheese freckled sandy

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Florentia

No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Place Trade or Offence Where Tried When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Calling Tried (years) conviction of Hair

5 Joshua 23 Reads Protestant M 1 child Buckingham Farmers Firing Aylesbury 6 March Life No 5’5 ½” Dark ruddy Brown Light WBAB & woman BOWLER shire man haystack hazel tattooed on left arm: JB on left hand & s on 3rd finger. Flower, 18 man & MB on right arm. 149 William 19 Reads Protestant S No Worcester Horsehair Stealing Worcester 17 Oct 7 No 5’5 ½” Ruddy fair Light Hazel Scar on back of right CROCKETT Writes weaver candle 1825 brown hand. Small scar sticks under left eye 53 Daniel 21 Reads Protestant S No London Footman Stealing London 15 Jan Life No 5’5 ¾” Ruddy fair Brown Hazel Perpendicular scar DAVIES Writes and waiter letters on forehead: scar inside & outside right thumb-upper part. 135 James 20 Reads Protestant S No Derby Farmer’s Horse Stafford 15 Mar Life No 5’7” Ruddy Dark Brown Woman & M.H. on EDWARDS Writes servant stealing 1827 brown right arm; heart JE & 13 on left arm. Left wrist out of joint. 24 letters on breast. 121 Joseph FOX 29 Reads Protestant S No Nottingham Farmer Robbing Nottingham 30 Apr 7 No 5’9” Dark ruddy Brown Brown Sun & moon Writes and garden freckled tattooed on right Gardener’s arm; crucifixion on laborer left; Man & woman on left breast. 73 Nathaniel 33 Reads Protestant M 3 London Coppersmith Robbing London 19 June 14 No 5’4 ½” Florid Dark Brown Dark spot on back of STRINGALL Writes children and employer 1825 brown right hand. brazier 114 Richard 15 Reads Protestant S No London Butcher’s Stealing London 31 May 7 No 4’6” ruddy Brown Grey RLIL on right arm; GADO Writes boy clothes 1827 freckled cut over left eye inclining upwards 133 William 23 None Protestant S None Stafford Ribbon House Stafford 15 Life No 5’5 ¾” Ruddy fair Brown Light JP, mermaid & G.P. PEACOCK weaver breaking March hazel tattooed on right arm 44 Thomas 33 Reads Protestant M 2 Liverpool Shipwright Stealing Preston 11 July Life doubtful 5’5 ¼” Dark sallow Dark Hazel Scar on lower part of LYONS Writes children cotton 1827 brown inside left arm. Raised mole on right cheek

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Florentia

No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Place Trade or Offence Where Tried When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Calling Tried (years) conviction of Hair

71 Stephen 22 Reads Protestant S No Islington Tailor Stealing London 9 Apr 7 No 5’1” Ruddy fair Dark Light Large burn mark on HARMAN Writes coach 1825 brown hazel back part of right steps wrist and large scar on outside right leg.

117 James 24 Reads Protestant M 1 child London Seaman’s Stealing London 14 July 7 2 5’3” Ruddy Black Hazel Crucifix, fish, J.M., MILTON Writes clerk spectacles 1827 heart, doves tattooed on left arm; mermaid, heart & darts on right arm. Scar under left ear. 171 James 29 Reads Protestant M 4 Bedfordshire Shepherd Stealing Bedford 11 July 7 2 5’5 ½” Ruddy Brown hazel Mole on lower part NORTHWOOD Writes children pigeons 1827 of right cheek

172 Michael 29 Reads Protestant M No Edinboro Soldier Desertion Chatham 5 Apr 14 No 5’9” Ruddy Brown Hazel Michael Ridy, RIDY Writes 1826 freckled to sandy mermaid & woman tattooed on right arm 72 William 18 None Protestant S None London Tobacconist Burglary London 19 May Life No 5’ 3 ½” Pockpitted Light Hazel Ricketty & useless, ROYSTON errand boy 1825 brown both arms stiff & right knee. Nose inclined to right. 115 Isaac 19 Reads Jew S No London Laborer Stealing London 11 June 14 2 5’7” Ruddy Brown Hazel Slightly pockpitted. SOLOMONS watch 1827 Several scars on breast. Scar at right corner of mouth.

163 John 25 Reads Protestant M 1 child Glasgow Cotton Discharge Glasgow 6 May Life No 5’9 ½” Ruddy fair Brown Hazel Small scar on right WALKER Writes spinner firearms at 1827 eyebrow and on a window right forehead

29 Henry 24 Reads Protestant S No Gloucester Seaman Stealing Maidstone 3 Aug 7 2 5’8” Ruddy fair Dark Hazel Marks of small pox THOMPSON Writes shire lead 1826 brown on breast 153 Francis 20 Reads Catholic M None Wigan Coalminer Highway York 24 Mar Life No 5’8” Ruddy Brown Hazel Pockpitted. Speck TURNER shoemaker robbery 1827 freckled in right eye. 7 dots & F tattooed on left arm. Anchor on left hand.

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Florentia

No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Place Trade or Offence Where Tried When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Calling Tried (years) conviction of Hair

32 William 17 Reads Protestant S No Salford Fustian Stealing Manchester 21 Oct 7 No 4’4 ½” Ruddy Brown Dark WW tattooed on WELSH Writes cutter & clothes 1824 brown right arm. Ring on shoemaker second finger right (fustian – hand coarse twilled cotton fabric) 63 Thomas 16 Reads Protestant S No London Errand Stealing London 5 June 7 2 4’7” Ruddy Brown Hazel Cut over left eye. WESTCOTT boy almonds 1827 pockpitted Cut on right side of chin. eyes much sunk & peculiarly formed mouth & nose 111 George 34 Reads Catholic M 2 Egham Bricklayer Receiving London 5 June Life No 5’5 ½” Freckled Brown Brown Woman & JC, heart WILLIAMS or Writes children stolen 1827 to sandy & GO on left arm; OSBORNE property remarkable hollow in breast. 61 William 20 Reads Protestant S No Carmarthen Student in Stealing London 31 May Life No 5’4 ½” Dark ruddy Dark Dark Small scar over Rowland Writes Wales medical watch 1827 brown brown corner of left eye. WILLIAMS profession

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Louisa Muster Roll of 90 English Female Convicts arrived in Sydney Cove on the 3rd. December 1827 on board the Louisa. Aaron Smith Master from England; Joseph Cook Surgeon Superintendent. Muster held on board the said Ship 6th. December 1827 by Alex.r Mc. Leay Esq’r. Colonial Secretary; Mustered No. 89 Hospital 1 90 No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Trade or Offence Where When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Place Calling Tried Tried (years) conviction of hair

46 Hannah 35 Reads Protestant M None London Servant of all Stealing a London 7 June 14 No 5’ ½” Sallow Dark Grey Sickly at present. BARBER work watch pockpitted brown Unfit for service 58 Maigh 18 Reads Protestant S Paisley Muslin sewer & Stealing Glasgow 5 May 14 4 5’2 ¾” Ruddy Brown Hazel MB:CT tattooed on BARCLAY house servant from 1827 freckled right arm of all work person 2 Catherine 27 Reads Catholic Widow Belfast Laundress Stealing Lancaster 16 July 7 3 5’5” Fresh Dark Light Blue mark 1st finger BOWDEN spirits pockpitted brown grey right hand. Large nostrils exposed 3 Eliza BROWN 20 Reads Protestant S London Fancy trimmer Stealing London 12 July 7 No 5’ Dark ruddy Brown Brown Some red marks on Writes housemaid linen 1827 back of left hand 53 Hannah 37 Reads Catholic M None Dublin Mantuamaker Stealing London 12 July 7 No 5’2 ¾” Pale Dark Grey No marks. left eye BURKE Writes (dressmaker) from pockpitted brown/ cast outwards person grey 90 Ann or Mary 17 Reads Protestant S Aberdee Dairy woman Robbing Stirling 28 April 7 2 5’1” Dark Fair to Hazel No marks CAMPBELL Scotland lodging 1827 Light Brown 34 Mary Ann 18 Reads Protestant S Man House servant Stealing a Lancaster 30 Apr 7 2 4’9” Pale Brown Dark Scar on second CLAYTON chester watch 1827 pockpitted brown finger of left hand 42 May DAVIS 19 Reads Protestant S Bristol Nursery maid Stealing Bristol 24 7 2 5’ Ruddy Dark Dark & servant boots March freckled brown brown 1827 71 Ann DURANT 36 Reads Protestant M 3 children East Servant of all Receiving Aberdeen 17 April 14 No 5’3” Ruddy Dark Hazel Raised mole or BROWN Writes on board. Indies work stolen pockpitted brown corner left eye. Husband goods A.D.I.D.H.D Robt. tattooed on left Simpson arm 72 Priscilla KELLY 23 Reads Protestant M 1 child Glascow Servant of all Forged Ayr 20 Apr 7 No 5’3” Ruddy Brown Grey Long nose Writes work notes 1827 freckled inclined to the right 11 Alice FARISH 40 Reads Protestant Widow 3 children Cheshire Laundress and Stealing Chester 9 Jan 7 No 5’3” Pockpitted Brown Hazel PM tattooed on left Writes house servant clothes freckled arm. Long upper lip. Short nose

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Louisa

No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Trade or Offence Where When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Place Calling Tried Tried (years) conviction of hair 61 Mary GRAHAM 33 Reads Protestant M 1 child Edinboro Cook and Illegal London 12 Jul 7 No 5’1 ½” Ruddy Brown Hazel No marks Writes housemaid pledging 1827 grey 75 Isabella 35 Reads Protestant M 2 children Dumfries Ladies maid Robbing Edinboro 5 March 7 No 5’5” Fair freckled Red Hazel Husband William KERR/GREGG Writes persons grey Gregg – Clerk, Commercial Bank Edinboro 66 Sapy LOVELL 25 None Gipsy S 1 child Lincoln Pedlar Stealing Bury 13 Jul 7 No 5’1” Dark ruddy Black Black Scar left corner shire plate 1826 nose. Mullatto 5 Mary Ann 40 Reads Protestant M 8 children Cam House servant Manslaughter Cambridge 23 Life No 5’3 ½” Dark ruddy Dark Dark Hairy mole on chin, MEAN Writes 4 with her bridge laundress March brown brown hair on upper lip. Husband expected free. 49 Venus 29 Reads Protestant Widow 4 children Plymouth House servant Stealing a London 7 June 7 No 4’10” Ruddy Brown Brown Squints in left eye NEWMAN Writes watch freckled 31 Mary 17 None Protestant S Bury Factory Bad notes Lancaster 10 Life No 5’3 ½” Ruddy Dark Hazel No marks. Good OPENSHAW servant March brown looking farmgirl 1827 12 Lucy PARKINS 46 Reads Protestant Widow 1 child Chester Dairywoman & Stealing Chester 14 Apr 7 No 5’ Ruddy Dark Dark Wants all good teeth servant money 1827 brown brown in mouth 9 Amelia 20 Reads Catholic S Cheshire House servant Stealing Knutsford 17 Oct 7 3 5’4 ½” ruddy Brown Brown Sullen looking PEACOCK cloth 1826 19 Sarah 20 Reads Protestant S Devon House servant Stealing Exeter 27 Life No 5’3” Fresh fair Dark Dark Good-looking, RADFORD Writes shire notes March brown brown ingenuous 1827 countenance 22 Ann SMITH 29 Reads Protestant M Husband Newcastle Housemaid Stealing Durham 2 March 14 No 5’ ½” Fresh-faced Red Hazel Sore eyes. here money 1827 Pockpitted 14 Lydia SMITH 34 Reads Protestant M Husband Bristol Hat trimmer & Pledging Bristol 24 April 7 2 5’1 ½” Fair Light Hazel Little finger right Writes at Bristol servant watch 1827 brown grey hand crooked. Very light eyebrows 69 Martha SMITH 25 Reads Protestant M Husband Wiltshire Dairy woman House Salisbury 13 7 No 5’4” Ruddy Brown Grey Mole on left eyebrow convicted breaking March 36 Mary 17 Reads Protestant S Liverpool House servant Stealing Lancaster 30 April 7 3 5’1 ½” Dark ruddy Brown Hazel Long upper lip. Scar WILLIAMS and nurse plate 1827 grey on left thumb 39 Judith 18 Reads Catholic S London House servant Stealing London 27 Oct 7 2 4’11” Freckled Brown Hazel Blue spot on thumb. SULLIVAN Writes clothes 1825 ruddy grey “Dear Mother” tattooed under left arm

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Louisa No Name Age Education Religion Single or Family Native Trade or Offence Where When Sentence Former Height Complexion Colour Eyes Remarks Married Place Calling Tried Tried (years) conviction of hair

20 Eliza THOMAS 27 Reads Protestant M 2 children London House servant Stealing Exeter 29 July 7 No 5’ Ruddy Dark Dark Hair on upper lip Writes Ostrich feather Sarsenet freckled brown brown dresser/ (thin tissue artificial flower of fine silk) dresser 6 Maria 22 Reads Protestant Widow 1 child Derby Dressmaker & Stealing Cambridge 9 July 7 No 5’5” Fair Brown Grey Crooked nose. THOMPSON servant ribbon freckled Small scar on 4th pockpitted finger left hand 26 Ann WILLIAMS 26 None Protestant M Husband a Cork Servant of all Stealing London 12 July 14 No 4’10 ½” Sallow Brown Grey Long scar on right shoemaker work from 1827 pockpitted eyebrow in London person 1 Sarah 36 None Protestant M 1 child Bristol Washer Stealing Bristol 3 April 7 2 5’2” Ruddy Dark Brown Nose inclined to the WILLIAMS woman and clothes 1826 brown right servant 10 Hannah 22 Reads Protestant M 2 children Stockport Laundress Stealing Chester 9 Jan 7 2 5’ Fair Brown Hazel Wants four upper WRIGHT shoes 1827 freckled front teeth.

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