DCA 351-2 Concepção Operacional ATM Nacional

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DCA 351-2 Concepção Operacional ATM Nacional MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA COMANDO DA AERONÁUTICA CONTROLE DO ESPAÇO AÉREO DCA 351-2 CONCEPÇÃO OPERACIONAL ATM NACIONAL 2021 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA COMANDO DA AERONÁUTICA DEPARTAMENTO DE CONTROLE DO ESPAÇO AÉREO CONTROLE DO ESPAÇO AÉREO DCA 351-2 CONCEPÇÃO OPERACIONAL ATM NACIONAL 2021 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA COMANDO DA AERONÁUTICA GABINETE DO COMANDANTE DA AERONÁUTICA PORTARIA GABAER Nº 55/GC3, DE 10 DE MARÇO DE 2021. Aprova a reedição da Diretriz que dispõe sobre a Concepção Operacional ATM Nacional. O COMANDANTE DA AERONÁUTICA, no uso das atribuições que lhe confere o inciso XIV do art. 23 da Estrutura Regimental do Comando da Aeronáutica, aprovada pelo Decreto no 6.834, de 30 de abril de 2009, e considerando o que consta do Processo nº 67600.003572/2021-95, procedente do Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo, resolve: Art. 1º Aprovar a reedição da DCA 351-2 “Concepção Operacional ATM Nacional”, que com esta baixa. Art. 2o Esta Portaria entra em vigor em 1º de abril de 2021. Art. 3o Revoga-se a Portaria nº 630/GC3, de 1º de dezembro de 2011, publicada no Boletim do Comando da Aeronáutica nº 229, de 5 de dezembro de 2011. Ten Brig Ar ANTONIO CARLOS MORETTI BERMUDEZ Comandante da Aeronáutica (Publicada no BCA nº 48, de 12 de março de 2021). DCA 351-2/2021 SUMÁRIO 1 DISPOSIÇÕES PRELIMINARES ...................................................................................... 9 1.1 FINALIDADE ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 CONCEITUAÇÕES ............................................................................................................. 9 1.3 ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS ........................................................................................... 10 1.4 ÂMBITO ............................................................................................................................ 10 2 PRINCÍPIOS GERAIS ....................................................................................................... 18 2.1 SUMÁRIO DA SITUAÇÃO .............................................................................................. 18 2.2 PRINCÍPIOS BÁSICOS DE UM SISTEMA ATM ........................................................... 19 2.3 BENEFÍCIOS PREVISTOS PARA A COMUNIDADE ATM ......................................... 20 2.4 EVOLUÇÃO DO SISCEAB .............................................................................................. 21 2.5 FATORES DE PLANEJAMENTO ................................................................................... 22 3 GERENCIAMENTO DE TRÁFEGO AÉREO ................................................................ 24 3.1 ASPECTOS GERAIS ......................................................................................................... 24 3.2 ORGANIZAÇÃO E GERENCIAMENTO DO ESPAÇO AÉREO (AOM) ..................... 25 3.3 BALANCEAMENTO ENTRE DEMANDA E CAPACIDADE (DCB) ........................... 27 3.4 OPERAÇÕES DE AERÓDROMO (AO) .......................................................................... 29 3.5 SINCRONIZAÇÃO DE TRÁFEGO (TS) ......................................................................... 30 3.6 GERENCIAMENTO DE CONFLITOS (CM) .................................................................. 32 3.7 OPERAÇÕES DOS USUÁRIOS DO ESPAÇO AÉREO (AUO) ..................................... 32 3.8 GERENCIAMENTO DA ENTREGA DE SERVIÇOS ATM (ATM SDM) .................... 34 3.9 IMPORTÂNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO NO ATM ............................................................. 35 3.10 PROCESSO DE DECISÃO COLABORATIVA (CDM) ................................................ 35 3.11 GERENCIAMENTO DE TRÁFEGO AÉREO BASEADO EM PERFORMANCE ...... 36 4 COMUNICAÇÕES ............................................................................................................. 39 4.1 ASPECTOS GERAIS ......................................................................................................... 39 4.2 DESCRIÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS .......................................................................................... 41 5 NAVEGAÇÃO ..................................................................................................................... 44 5.1 ASPECTOS GERAIS ......................................................................................................... 44 5.2 NAVEGAÇÃO BASEADA EM PERFORMANCE (PBN) .............................................. 46 5.3 DESCRIÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS .......................................................................................... 48 6 VIGILÂNCIA ...................................................................................................................... 52 6.1 ASPECTOS GERAIS ......................................................................................................... 52 6.2 DESCRIÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS .......................................................................................... 54 7 SERVIÇOS DE INFORMAÇÃO ....................................................................................... 57 7.1 GERENCIAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO ....................................................................... 57 7.2 GERENCIAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO AERONÁUTICA (AIM) .............................. 58 7.3 INFORMAÇÃO METEOROLÓGICA .............................................................................. 61 8 FATORES E RECURSOS HUMANOS ............................................................................ 65 8.1 FATORES HUMANOS ..................................................................................................... 65 8.2 RECURSOS HUMANOS .................................................................................................. 66 9 DISPOSIÇÕES FINAIS ...................................................................................................... 68 REFERÊNCIAS ..................................................................................................................... 69 DCA 351-2/2021 PREFÁCIO A aviação é parte integrante da sociedade. Com operações cada vez mais seguras e confiáveis, conecta pessoas e viabiliza negócios ao redor do mundo, sendo um importante motor do crescimento econômico, do desenvolvimento sustentável e da melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. Inovações tecnológicas nas áreas de automação, telecomunicações, tecnologia da informação, sistemas de navegação, incluindo os equipamentos embarcados e capacidades satelitais, têm possibilitado significativos avanços na segurança e na eficiência do gerenciamento do tráfego aéreo, bem como incentivado o uso do espaço aéreo por novos e variados atores. Mesmo diante dos desafios atuais causados pela pandemia da COVID-19, as previsões apontam para o crescimento do volume de tráfego aéreo nos próximos 20 anos, requerendo das administrações nacionais a adoção de ações para o estabelecimento de sistemas de navegação aérea e de controle do espaço aéreo de alta performance. Para atender a essa realidade, a indústria da aviação tem unido esforços com o intuito de conceber e construir uma infraestrutura de navegação aérea ágil, segura, sustentável, de alto desempenho e interoperável. Por outro lado, é importante reconhecer que um sistema complexo que trabalha com elevados padrões de segurança e com orçamentos limitados precisa de um planejamento detalhado para manter uma evolução contínua, tendo como base a disponibilidade tecnológica, a vantagem operacional a ser obtida e os custos envolvidos. Dessa forma, a continuidade da aplicação da Metodologia de Evolução por Blocos do Sistema de Aviação (ASBU), preconizada no Plano Global de Navegação Aéreo da OACI (GANP), visa reconhecer necessidades operacionais e identificar metodologias gerenciais que as atendam para, então, selecionar elementos físicos (sistemas de comunicação, navegação, vigilância ou de apoio à decisão) necessários. No Brasil, a evolução do Sistema ATM vem sendo implementada por meio do incremento das capacidades do Sistema de Controle do Espaço Aéreo Brasileiro (SISCEAB). O objetivo é atingir os níveis adequados de prestação de serviço, mantendo sempre a característica de sistema integrado civil/militar, o que possibilita maior flexibilidade operacional e otimização dos meios disponíveis. A Concepção Operacional ATM Nacional apresenta uma descrição em alto nível das novas funcionalidades previstas para o futuro do Sistema ATM no âmbito do SISCEAB, conjugando às necessidades nacionais soluções inspiradas na visão prospectiva preconizada pela Organização de Aviação Civil Internacional, além de manter-se alinhada à vocação de liderança do Estado brasileiro no cenário sul-americano e sua crescente influência supracontinental. Esta reedição da Concepção Operacional ATM Nacional mantém as bases conceituais anteriores e apresenta as orientações relativas a novos conceitos, como Sistemas de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas e outros inéditos “usufruidores” do ar, ao mesmo tempo em que melhor harmoniza o emprego das opções tecnológicas da era digital no aprimoramento dos Serviços de Navegação Aérea. Assim, foram incorporadas modificações relevantes ao uso do espaço aéreo de diversas fontes, refletindo as expectativas da Comunidade Aeronáutica para a evolução do SISCEAB. DCA 351-2/2021 1 DISPOSIÇÕES PRELIMINARES 1.1 FINALIDADE Apresentar as principais orientações para a elaboração do planejamento da evolução do Sistema de Controle do Espaço Aéreo Brasileiro (SISCEAB), de forma ordenada, segura, oportuna, sustentável em relação ao meio ambiente e alinhada ao Conceito Operacional
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