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An Annotated Bibliography of the Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma Disstria

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An Annotated Bibliography of the Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma Disstria Canadian Forest Service Pest Management Methods Network An annotated bibliography of the Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria I.S. Otvos, L. Payne, V. Kilvert and N. Conder Information Report BC-X-380 Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada Canadian Forest Service canadien Service des forêts The Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia The Pacific Forestry Centre of the Canadian Forest Service undertakes research as part of a national network system responding to the needs of various forest resource managers. The results of this research are distributed in the form of scientific and technical reports and other publica- tions. Additional information on Natural Resources Canada, the Canadian Forest Service and the Pacific Forestry Centre research and publications is also available on the World Wide Web at http://www.pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/. An annotated bibliography of the Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria I.S. Otvos, L. Payne, V. Kilvert, and N. Conder Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pest Management Methods Network Pacific Forestry Centre Victoria, British Columbia Information Report BC-X-380 1998 Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5 Phone (250) 363-0600 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 1998 Printed in Canada Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Otvos, I. S. An annotated bibliography of the Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Information report, ISSN 0830-0453 ; BC-X-380) Includes an abstract in French Includes bibliographic references ISBN 0-662-27159-9 Cat. No. Fo46-17/380E 1. Forest tent caterpillar – North America – Bibliography. 2. Forest tent caterpillar – Bibliography.. I. Otvos, Imre S. II. Pacific Forestry Centre III. Series: Information report (Pacific Forestry Centre) ; BC-X-380. Z5354.P3A66 1998 016.6349'.678139 C98-980310-4 PREFACE The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, is native to North America and is widely distributed throughout Canada and the United States wherever deciduous trees grow. The preferred host of the forest tent caterpillar is aspen (Populus tremuloides). However, M. disstria can also be a serious, defoliating pest of various species of oak (Quercus spp.) and maple (Acer spp.) in the north and west, and tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) in the southern United States. During outbreaks, larvae will also defoliate underbrush after stripping preferred hosts and they have been known to eat herbs if no other food is available. This annotated bibliography on the forest tent caterpillar contains 493 references and was compiled to provide a working tool for people interested in this insect. We thought it advantageous to bring together all the published and unpublished articles we could obtain, annotate them, and make the annotations available in a timely fashion. This annotated bibliography and its subject and author indices will be useful to all those interested in forest tent caterpillar outbreaks, including forest entomologists and managers. This document should considerably reduce the time needed to search for an article, and should help users locate and obtain articles of particular interest. This bibliography is the second in a series on the major forest insects of British Columbia. The literature search was done mainly electronically using TreeCD (up to and including October 1996) and Agricola (up to and including September 1996). Hard copies of Biological Abstracts were searched from 1927 to 1989, and from January 1990 to December 1996 they were searched electronically. Dissertation Abstracts was used to obtain copies of abstracts of doctoral theses. When an abstract or summary of an article was not available, we prepared the annotation after reading the article. When the summary or abstract was part of a database, it was downloaded and paraphrased after reading the article to standardize style and format. We then expanded the bibliography by cross-referencing the articles with those cited in their lists of references. Wherever possible, abbreviations for journal and publication names are those listed in Biosis Serial Sources, Volume 1996, Biosis, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The authors plan to publish a detailed literature review of these articles as an Information Report, and they plan to publish a critical review of the literature on this insect in a scientific journal. Please send hard copies of any articles on this insect that are either cited from secondary sources (such as Biological Abstracts) or that were not included in the bibliography (either because they may have been overlooked or because they could not be obtained) to the senior author. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Alice Solyma and Barbara Hendel of the Pacific Forestry Centre library for their invaluable assistance in obtaining the master’s theses and several of the more obscure references. We also thank all those people at universities and various institutes for their help in obtaining copies of unpublished reports and theses. Finally, we thank Mario Biello for assisting in the translating the French annotations into English. iii ABSTRACT Annotations are provided for a total of 493 references on the forest tent caterpillar from as early as 1878 until 1996. Subject, author, and geographic indices are provided to guide the user to specific references. Unpublished reports are included if they were available on request. RÉSUMÉ Des annotations sont fournies pour 493 références sur la livrée des forêts et ce, pour la période allant de 1878 à 1996. Des répertoires par sujet, par auteur et par région géographique renvoient l’utilisateur à des références particulières. Les rapports inédits sont inclus s’ils sont disponibles sur demande. iv ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Abrahamson, L.P.; Harper, J.D. 1973. Microbial insecticides control forest tent caterpillar in southwestern Alabama. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv., South. For. Exp. Sta., Res. Note No. SO-157. 3 p. This note reports on the efficacy of a number of products tested in the field. Dipel (a wettable powder formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis) at 0.25 and 0.50 lb/acre, Thuricide HPC (a liquid formulation of B. thuringiensis) at 1 qt/acre, nuclear polyhedrosis virus at a rate of 2.5x1010 PIBs/acre, spores of the fungus Entomophthora megasperma at a rate of 4.2x106 spores/acre, and trichlorfon at 0.5 and 0.75 lb/acre, applied as aerial sprays to 12 plots infested with Malacosoma disstria in Nyssa aquatica swamp forest in SW Alabama. Dipel (at 0.50 lb/acre) and trichlorfon (at both rates) gave excellent control, Thuricide and Dipel (at 0.25 lb/acre) was somewhat less effective, and the virus and fungal treatments had no significant effect. Control - 2,3,4,5 2. Abrahamson, L.P.; Morris, R.C. 1973. Forest tent caterpillar: control with ULV trichlorfon in water tupelo ponds. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(2): 574. Swamp stands of water tupelo, Nyssa aquatica, and black gum, N. sylvatica var. biflora, in Alabama infested with Malacosoma disstria were aerially sprayed during April with an ultra-low-volume [ULV] formulation at three rates. Aerial photos taken in May showed that defoliation was negligible within treated plots, while trees outside the treated areas were completely defoliated. A ground check one week after treatment confirmed that the spray at ca. 0.50 lb a.i. [active ingredient]/acre provided adequate protection against defoliation by M. disstria. Control - 2 3. Addy, N.D. 1969. Rearing the forest tent caterpillar on an artificial diet. J. Econ. Entomol. 62(1): 270-271. The ingredients are listed, the preparation of the diet is explained, and the rearing methods used are described. In tests of this technique, the number of Malacosoma disstria larvae reaching adulthood was ca. 80% of the initial egg population. Biology - 6 4. Addy, N.D.; Batzer, H.O.; Mattson, W.J.; Miller, W.E. 1971. Impact of insects on multiple-use values of north-central [US] forests: an experimental rating scheme. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv., North Cent. For. Exp. Sta. Res. Pap. NC-57. 8 p. This paper describes a points system for establishing research priorities, by assessing the total disturbance of timber, recreation, wildlife, and hydrology by a given species. Malacosoma disstria was considered to have the greatest impact of 15 species of forest insects compared on multiple-use values. Outbreaks - 3 5. Allen, D. C. 1987. Insects, decline and general health of northern hardwoods: issues relevant to good forest management. Pages 252–285 in R.D. Nyland (ed.). Managing Northern Hardwoods. Proc. Silvicultural Symp., Syracuse, N.Y. June 23-25, 1986. State Univ. of New York, Coll. Environ. Sci. and For., Fac. For., Syracuse, N.Y., Misc. Publ. No. 13 (ESF)87-002. Soc. Am. For. Publ. No. 87-03. Location, extent, and degree of defoliation of sugar maple by Malacosoma disstria is reviewed, as is information concerning secondary pests taking advantage of stressed or dying trees. Damage done to black cherry and white ash are briefly summarized. Outbreaks - 1,3 6. Anderson, G.W.; Martin, M.P. 1981. Factors related to the incidence of Hypoxylon cankers in aspen and survival of cankered trees. For. Sci. 27(3): 461-476. “Factors associated with the incidence of new bole cankers in Populus tremuloides caused by Hypoxylon mammatum were identified from 8 years observation on 74 plots distributed over the aspen range of northern Minnesota. These factors were: length and intensity of defoliation during an infestation by Malacosoma disstria immediately preceding this study, plot density, presence of Saperda calcarata, prevalence of Hypoxylon cankers in the upper bole initially, crown class, crown density and possibly site index. Prior defoliation remained an important factor over the entire 8- year period. Outcome following infection was analyzed by life tables. Trees with cankers below the crown suffered 96% mortality within 6 years. For trees with cankers higher in the bole, deaths occurred over a longer period and were due directly to infection only when infection subsequently spread to the lower bole.
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