No. 43, April 2014 Editors: Professor Dr. Horst Drescher † Lothar Görke Professor Dr. Klaus Peter Müller Ronald Walker Table of Contents Editorial: The Importance of 2014 2 New Scottish poetry 19 (New) Media on Scotland 20 Education Scotland 47 Scottish Award Winners 50 New Publications October 2013 - March 2014 52 Miriam Schröder 65 The Census 2011: Results and Implications for the State of Scottishness Book Reviews Peter Auger on Shorter Scottish Medieval Romances 74 Rhona Brown on The Cambridge Companion to Scottish Literature 76 Mark Hauber on Alexander Wilson: The Scot Who Founded American Ornithology 79 Ronald Walker on Blossom: What Scotland Needs to Flourish 80 Conference Report 83 (Ilka Schwittlinsky on Scotland 2014 – Coming of Age and Loss of Innocence?; Germersheim, October 17-20, 2013) Conference Announcements 89 2 Editorial The Importance of 2014 Dear Readers, You'll get a somewhat longer editorial today than what you have been used to. This is because of the relevance of this year, which is why the editorial's topic is The Importance of 2014. The text is the creation and opinion of one of the editors, which is why only his name is given below. Four subdivisions have been made in this text with many connections between them, as it intends to make you aware of the vast network into which 2014 belongs and the many things connected with this year, beginning with Bannockburn (part 1), the long history of Scotland fighting for independence, of Scots defending the status quo (parts 2 and 3), and ending with the involvement of the public (part 4). In each part key words and topics have been highlighted by putting them in bold type, trying to take you along on this significant tour towards 18 September. Yes, 2014 will be a very important year. You all know what is meant. Or do you – and does anybody really grasp the dimensions of this year? This text does not claim it does, but it tries to at least hint at some key points. There was an intriguing con- ference last October here in Germersheim about what Scotland 2014 actually means, and the most rewarding answers will be published this year in the Scottish Studies International series begun by Professor Horst Drescher, continued by the Scottish Studies team, and edited with the publisher Peter Lang.1 The book will probably use the conference title 'Scotland 2014 – Coming of Age and Loss of Innocence?', even though it is both pretty uncertain that Scotland will reach maturity this year and quite evident that it lost its innocence repeatedly in the past. But in this respect Scotland is in fact exactly like all other nations. Which is also precisely why 2014 is so relevant, and why Scotland provides such an excellent opportunity for all of us to think not only about what is at stake there in the referendum but also about everything that is implied on this occasion and that at the same time concerns every human being, not Scots only. The book will try to cover all these diverse aspects in greater detail, but just a few months away from 18 September 2014, this editorial is a good opportunity to remind us of some key things we need to think about as well as act upon wherever we live. The Scots in Scotland have a unique and exquisite opportunity to take an explicit vote on these highly rele- vant issues this year. What they'll have to consider, however, concerns us all. 1. Bannockburn – Fighting for Independence, Freedom, Autonomy, and Democracy 2014 was, of course, very consciously chosen by Alex Salmond and the SNP in order to re- mind people of 1314, the Battle of Bannockburn, and Scotland's iconic victory in its endless fights for independence. Fighting for independence, freedom, at least a relative autonomy has been a perennial human endeavour. It was also a key demand in the French Revolution. Like the other objectives next to liberté, égalité and fraternité, it has not yet been achieved, certainly not for the general public. Actually it seems to be something human beings will have to continue fighting for every day in their lives. So it still is on the agenda, in Scotland as everywhere else. It is only so much more evident there now than in most other countries (unless one looks at the Ukraine, Zimbabwe, the Sudan, Turkey, Egypt, China, etc.). But the point is, it is a vital challenge for all of us in 2014. 1 Cf. http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur. detailseiten&seitentyp= series& pk=308&concordeid=SCS. Scottish Studies Newsletter 43, Spring 2014 3 You don't think so? You think we all have freedom and enough of it? Perhaps even too much? Well, think again. About everything Transparency International is concerned with, for instance.2 Or simply think about how much the public is allowed to know about what is going on behind the closed doors of governments, big companies etc. Or just remember the current UK government demanding that The Guardian destroy its files on and by Edward Snowdon.3 The Atlantic was pretty outspoken about this outrageous suppression of information: "This year, the UK ranked 29th on the freedom index compiled by watchdog group Reporters With- out Borders, slightly higher than the U.S. but lower than places like Uruguay and Slovakia, as well as much of the rest of Europe. Along with extremely strict libel and defamation laws, Britain also aims to prevent the publishing of government information through its Official Secrets Act, which in the past the British attorney general has threatened to use against the country's newspapers when they wanted to print embarrassing memos about the U.K.-U.S. relationship during the Iraq war. More recently, authorities have brought up the act in their attempts to get the Guardian to hand over the Snowden information and to put pressure on a whistleblower who exposed abuses within the [sic] Scotland Yard."4 Is this what the Scots want to preserve? If they do, they need only vote for 'no independence' in September. Connected with freedom is the equally demanding issue of democracy. For those who think that democracy is in a good shape in our countries, it is perhaps worth pointing out that not even the current President of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz, thinks so.5 You might now say that this is precisely why so many English people and not just UKIP want to leave the EU. But you would be wrong there, too, as the state of democracy in Britain is equally harshly criticised, and Andreas Whittam Smith, the founder of the Independent, has, therefore, set up the political movement Democracy 2015, in order to overcome the "omni- shambles", i.e. the "extreme incompetence [that] has attached itself to this government", and to "bring our ailing democracy back to life".6 Democracy everywhere is indeed as "desper- 2 Cf. http://www.transparency.org/country. 3 Cf. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jan/31/footage-released-guardian-editors-snowden- hard-drives-gchq; http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/nsa-snowden-files-drives- destroyed-london; http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=TLj7ez4pVrs. What a good sign it is that this year's Pulitzer Prize for Public Service has been awarded to the Guardian and the Washington Post (http://www.theguardian.com/ media/2014/apr/14/guardian-washington-post-pulitzer-nsa- revelations). 4 http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/08/why-the-british-government-forced-em- the-guardian-em-to-destroy-its-hard-drives/278919/. The UK ranking at 29 is here http://en.rsf.org/press-free dom-index-2013,1054.html; the British attorney threat here http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/ nov/24/ press andpublishing.usnews; the whistleblower on Scotland Yard here http://www.theguardian.com/ law/2013/aug/19/ david-miranda-detention- schedule-7-terrorism-act. 5 Martin Schulz: "'Wäre die EU ein Staat, der einen Antrag auf Aufnahme in die EU stellen würde, müßte der Antrag zurückgewiesen werden – aus Mangel an demokratischer Substanz.'" Schulz quoted in Broder, Henryk M., Die letzten Tage Europas. Wie wir eine gute Idee versenken, München: Knaus second ed. 2013, 14. Broder has not yet been translated into English, but his title says 'Europe's final days. How we are destroying an excellent idea'. Schulz in English: 'If the EU were a country applying for membership in the EU, this application would have to be rejected due to a serious lack of democratic substance.' 6 http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/democracy2015/. Scottish Studies Newsletter 43, Spring 2014 4 ately sick" as Whittam Smith has shown and as most of us already know anyway, and we all need to fight very hard to make it much, much better. The present German Bundestag reveals this as much as other European parliaments. The main parties there tried to introduce a 'Maulkorb-Erlass' two years ago, a decree prohibiting ('muzzling') everybody from speaking in the house without the explicit permission of the party whips. This was deliberately intended to prevent statements from members disagreeing with the party line. The party leaders are not happy with the fact that this undertaking failed.7 But this is no reason for the public to rejoice. Another member of the Bundestag referred to himself and all other representatives of the people as Wir Abnicker, thus saying that they simply and routinely nod their heads at everything put before them – accepting without controversy, proposing no alternatives, raising no objections – simply and almost silently, inevitably agreeing with what the government, the people in power, lobbyists, or the media propose.8 In this vast context of fighting for more democracy, it is very likely that an independent Scotland can achieve much more than one subordinate to Westminster.