Personal and Intelligent Home Assistant to Control Devices Using Raspberry Pi
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M2M Growth Necessitates a New Approach to Network Planning and Optimisation
Machina Research White Paper M2M growth necessitates a new approach to network planning and optimisation May 2015 2 1 Executive Summary Growing numbers of machine-to-machine (M2M) connected devices, as part of the emergence of an Internet of Things, will create challenges for Mobile Network Operators. The absolute volume of devices and mobile network traffic will be ostensibly quite manageable, with M2M accounting for just 19% of connections and 4% of traffic. However, traditional handsets, tablets and mobile broadband connections are relatively homogenous in their demands, in terms of usage, geographical location, criticality, security and numerous other criteria. M2M devices are much more diverse. As a result, M2M devices have the potential to place completely different demands on the network. This White Paper provides a snapshot of the growth of M2M/IoT in terms of numbers of devices and traffic, examines the ways in which M2M can put different and unexpected strains on the network, with a particular focus on connected cars, and finally offers some perspectives on how this might necessitate some changes in network engineering and operations. The key findings are as followings: The growth in M2M devices will be substantial, with cellular connections increasing from 250 million to 2.3 billion in the next decade. Traffic will grow even more quickly from 200 petabytes in 2014 to 3.2 exabytes in 2024. However, M2M will account for only 4% of all cellular traffic in 2024. M2M devices do not behave in the same way as handsets, tablets and other more established mobile devices. This may result in less manageable traffic patterns at particular times and in particular locations. -
Wireless Home Automation Networks: a Survey of Architectures and Technologies
GOMEZ MONTENEGRO LAYOUT 5/18/10 11:46 AM Page 92 CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Wireless Home Automation Networks: A Survey of Architectures and Technologies Carles Gomez and Josep Paradells, Technical University of Catalonia ABSTRACT USE CASES AND MAIN FEATURES OF Wireless home automation networks com- WHANS prise wireless embedded sensors and actuators that enable monitoring and control applications WHANs enable a variety of use cases, as illus- for home user comfort and efficient home man- trated in Fig. 1. A non-exhaustive list of exam- agement. This article surveys the main current ples is provided below and emerging solutions that are suitable for Light control: A new light can be controlled WHANs, including ZigBee, Z-Wave, INSTEON, from any switch, which reduces the need for new Wavenis, and IP-based technology. wired connections. Lights can also be activated in response to a command from a remote con- INTRODUCTION trol. Furthermore, they can be turned on auto- matically when presence and luminance sensors In recent years, wireless sensor and actuator net- detect that people are in a poorly illuminated works have gained high momentum, receiving room. significant attention from academia, industry, Remote control: Infrared technology has been and standards development organizations. One used for wireless communication between a of the primary application domains of this tech- remote control and devices such as TVs, HiFi nology is home automation. Wireless home equipment, and heating, ventilating, and air con- automation networks (WHANs) enable monitor- ditioning (HVAC) systems. However, infrared ing and control applications for home user com- requires line-of-sight (LOS) and short-distance fort and efficient home management. -
“Smart” Stormwater Management
“Smart” Stormwater Management Structural Practices: The Futuristic Solutions Debabrata Sahoo, PhD, PE, PH Senior Engineer, Woolpert Inc, Columbia, SC North Carolina-American Public Works Association, October 21, 2019 Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Agenda • Introduction • 5 Ws of SMART Stormwater Management • Current Practices in Stormwater/Flood Control and Mitigation • Issues with water quantity and quality • Stormwater/Flooding: Quality and Quantity • Issues with Stormwater/Flooding • Historical Flooding in South Carolina/North Carolina • Economic Impacts • Technologies to Integrate water, data, sensing and control • Internet of Waters, IoT, Sensors, Wireless Platforms, Machine to Machine Communication, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Real-Time Systems, Cloud Computing, Big Data and Analytics • Application of Future Technologies in Stormwater/Flood Mitigation • Smart Stormwater Systems • Flash Flood Forecasting • Storm Sewer Controls • Big Data Analytics • Challenges and Opportunities Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Current Practices in Stormwater Control and Mitigation • Use of design storms • Design to lower peak flows • Design to empty within 72 Hours • Store runoff for a minimum of 24 hours to get the water quality benefits Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Current Practices in Stormwater Control and Mitigation Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Stormwater/Flooding: -
A DASH7-Based Power Metering System
A DASH7-based Power Metering System Oktay Cetinkaya Ozgur B. Akan Next-generation and Wireless Communications Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey Email: fokcetinkaya13, [email protected] Abstract—Considering the inability of the existing energy non-embedded structure. When considering the cost of HEMS, resources to satisfy the current needs, the right and efficient use power meters can be defined as cheap and cost effective of the energy has become compulsory. To make energy sustain- products, undoubtedly. ability permanent, management and planning activities should be carried out by arranging the working hours and decreasing There are several wireless communication protocols in liter- the energy wasting. For all these, power metering, managing ature to actualize the remote control of plugged gadgets. The and controlling systems or plugs has been proposed in recent communication between ‘master and slave’ or equivalently efforts. Starting from this point, a new DASH7-based Smart Plug ‘user and device’ is realized over any of these wireless (D7SP) is designed and implemented to achieve a better structure communication protocols based modules. 2.4 GHz frequency compared to ZigBee equipped models and reduce the drawbacks of current applications. DASH7 technology reaches nearly 6 times is frequently preferred for this goal and ZigBee can be referred farther distances in comparison with 2.4 GHz based protocols and as the most popular member of this band. With a brief provides multi-year battery life as a result of using limited energy definition, ZigBee is a low cost and high reliable technology during transmission. Performing in the 433 MHz band prevents based on IEEE 802.15.4 [1]. -
Security Evaluation of the Z-Wave Wireless Protocol
Security Evaluation of the Z-Wave Wireless Protocol Behrang Fouladi Sahand Ghanoun SensePost UK Ltd. [email protected] [email protected] Abstract — The Z-Wave wireless communication protocol has ZigBee protocol with regards to home automation. This is been widely used in home automation and wireless sensors partly due to interoperability of devices and shorter time to networks. Z-Wave is based on a proprietary design and a sole market on the vendor side. Another benefit is that it is less chip vendor. There have been a number of academic and subjected to signal interference compared to the ZigBee practical security researches on home automation systems based protocol, which operates on the widely populated 2.4 GHz on ZigBee and X10 protocols, however, no public vulnerability research on Z-Wave could be found prior to this work. band shared by both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices. The In this paper, we analyze the Z-Wave protocol stack layers and protocol specification and software development kit (SDK) [4] design a radio packet capture device and related software named are not open and only available to the device manufacturers Z-Force to intercept Z-Wave communications. This device (OEMs) who have signed an NDA with Sigma Designs. The enables us to decode different layers of the Z-Wave protocol and SDK costs between 1500 to 3500 US dollars and the NDA study the implementation of encryption and data origin prevents OEMs from disclosing the content of the SDK authentication in the application layer. We then present the publically. The aim of this research is to build a low cost Z- details of a vulnerability discovered using Z-Force tool in AES Wave packet capture and injection tool which facilitates the encrypted Z-Wave door locks that can be remotely exploited to security testing of home automation systems as well as aides unlock doors without the knowledge of the encryption keys. -
Simon XT User Manual
Simon XT User Manual P/N 466-2266 • REV F • OCT13 Copyright © 2012 UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc. Interlogix is part of UTC Climate Controls & Security, a unit of United Technologies Corporation. All rights reserved. Disclaimer The information in this document is subject to change without notice. UTC Fire & Security, assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions and specifically disclaims any liabilities, losses, or risks, personal or otherwise, incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use or application of any of the contents of this document. For the latest documentation, contact your local supplier or visit us online at http://www.utcfireandsecurity.com/. This publication may contain examples of screen captures and reports used in daily operations. Examples may include fictitious names of individuals and companies. Any similarity to names and addresses of actual businesses or persons is entirely coincidental. Trademarks and Simon and Simon XT are trademarks of UTC Fire & Security. patents Other trade names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of the manufacturers or vendors of the respective products. Manufacturer UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc. 1275 Red Fox Rd., Arden Hills, MN 55112-6943, USA Software license Important: This end-user license agreement (“Agreement”) is a legal agreement between UTC FIRE & agreement SECURITY and You. Read the follow ing terms and conditions carefully before installing or using this Software. This agreement provides a license from UTC FIRE & SECURITY to use the Software. It also contains warranty information, disclaimers, and liability limitations. Installing and/or using the Software confirms Your agreement to be bound by these terms and conditions. -
Using TOSCA for Automating the Deployment of Iot Environments
Internet of Things Out of the Box: Using TOSCA for Automating the Deployment of IoT Environments Ana C. Franco da Silva1, Uwe Breitenbücher2, Pascal Hirmer1, Kálmán Képes2, Oliver Kopp1, Frank Leymann2, Bernhard Mitschang1 and Ronald Steinke3 1Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany 2Institute of Architecture of Application Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany 3Next Generation Network Infrastructures, Fraunhofer FOKUS, Berlin, Germany Keywords: Internet of Things, TOSCA, Application Deployment, Device Software. Abstract: The automated setup of Internet of Things environments is a major challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the involved physical components (i.e., devices, sensors, actuators). In general, IoT environments consist of (i) physical hardware components, (ii) IoT middlewares that bind the hardware to the digital world, and (iii) IoT applications that interact with the physical devices through the middlewares (e.g., for monitoring). Setting up each of these requires sophisticated means for software deployment. In this paper, we enable such a means by introducing an approach for automated deployment of entire IoT environments using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications standard. Based on topology models, all components involved in the IoT environment (devices, IoT middlewares, applications) can be set up automatically. Moreover, to enable interchangeability of IoT middlewares, we show how they can be used as a service to deploy them individually and on-demand for separate use cases. This enables provisioning whole IoT environments out-of- the-box. To evaluate the approach, we present three case studies giving insights in the technical details. 1 INTRODUCTION abstracting the complexity of the devices (Mineraud et al., 2016). -
Wireless & Self-Powered Internet of Things
Wireless & self-powered Internet of Things The Dolphin products are based on miniaturized energy converters, ultra-low power electronics and robust radio technology in open standards like EnOcean, zigbee and Bluetooth Low Energy for OEM product manufacturers. Building automation Smart home LED lighting M2M Our technology The Dolphin modules and white label products use the energy harvesting principle, in which energy is obtained from the surroundings, to supply self-powered wireless sensor networks. The modules are based on miniaturized energy converters that convert motion, light or temperature differences into electrical energy. Together with an efficient energy management system, the energy harvesting technology facilitates communication between maintenance-free IoT devices based on open wireless standards, such as EnOcean, zigbee and Bluetooth Low Energy. The solutions are used in building automation, smart homes, LED lighting control systems as well as industrial applications. Energy harvesting Wireless Ultra-low power The Dolphin portfolio for OEM product manufacturers The Dolphin portfolio includes the product lines “868 MHz EnOcean” for Europe, “902 MHz EnOcean” for North America and “928 MHz EnOcean” in Japan based on the EnOcean wireless standard introduced by the EnOcean Alliance (ISO/IEC 14543-3-1X) on the sub 1 GHz band, which has proven to be a resounding success in building automation and smart homes. The Dolphin porftolio also includes the “2.4 GHz zigbee” product line in the 2.4 GHz band, which can be used in smart home applications all over the world, and the “2.4 GHz BLE” portfolio for Bluetooth systems for modern lighting control. Energy converter Energy harvesting Energy harvesting Controlers Tools wireless switches wireless sensors Products in 868 MHz EnOcean for Europe Products with 868 MHz are suitable for Europe and other countries adopting RED. -
Comparison of Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth Wireless Technologies Used in Home Automation
Comparison of Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth Wireless Technologies Used in Home Automation Salim Jibrin Danbatta Asaf Varol Department of Software Engineering Department of Software Engineering Firat University Firat University Elazig, Turkey Elazig, Turkey [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Most of the home automation wireless technologies A literature review is presented in section II, home on the internet of things are based on ZigBee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, automation wireless technologies are discussed in section III. and Bluetooth wireless technologies. While these solutions are The research design is described in section IV while results and good enough, users of smart homes are facing challenges of discussion are presented in section V, and section VI describes selecting the best technology. This paper compares the the conclusions of the study. performance of ZigBee, Z-Wave Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies from the user’s perspective. Power consumption, range, cost, ease of use, scalability, and interoperability are the six indices developed as guidelines to potential users, and hence, II. LITERATURE REVIEW the results of this study. With this knowledge, the users can make the appropriate choice of wireless technology solution to use in Several studies about home automation systems have been their home automation systems. done in the past. They include experimental, descriptive, and comparative analysis involving different wired and wireless Keywords—internet of things, home automation, wireless technologies used in Home Automation. technologies, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Sikandar et al. [5] show how SMS (short message service) based and wireless technology enhance the controlling of home I. -
ZIGBEE EXPLOITED the Good, the Bad and the Ugly
08 ZIGBEE EXPLOITED The good, the bad and the ugly Tobias Zillner – August 6th 2015 Cognosec © 2015 | Castellezgasse 16/2 | 1020 Vienna, Austria ZigBee Exploited Version 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 THE ZIGBEE STANDARD .............................................................................................................................. 1 ZIGBEE SECURITY ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Network Layer Security ................................................................................................................................ 2 Application Support Sublayer Security ......................................................................................................... 2 ZIGBEE APPLICATION PROFILES ............................................................................................................... 3 ZigBee Home Automation Public Application Profile (HAPAP) .................................................................... 3 ZigBee Light Link Profile (ZLL) ..................................................................................................................... 4 SECBEE – A NEW ZIGBEE SECURITY -
Internet of Things, Smart Cities, Machine-To-Machine Communication, Analytics, Open Data, Technology, International Use Cases, Business Technology
International Journal of Internet of Things 2017, 6(4): 149-158 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijit.20170604.01 Analyzing the Role of the Intenet-of-Things in Business and Technologically-Smart Cities A. Shinn, K. Nakatani, W. Rodriguez* Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA Abstract This research analyzes and theorizes on the role that the Internet-of-Things will play in the expansion of business and technologically-smart cities. This study examines: a) the underlying technology, referred to as the Internet of Things that forms the foundation for smart cities; b) what businesses and government must do to successfully transition to a technologically-smart city; and c) how the proliferation of the Internet of Things through the emerging cities will affect local citizens. As machine-to-machine communication becomes increasingly common, new use cases are continually created, as is the case with the use of the Internet of Things in technologically-smart cities. Technology businesses are keeping a close pulse on end-users’ needs in order to identify and create technologies and systems to cater to new use cases. A number of the international smart city-specific use cases will be discussed in this paper along with the technology that aligns to those use cases. Keywords Internet of things, Smart cities, Machine-to-machine communication, Analytics, Open data, Technology, International use cases, Business technology 1. Introduction back to the 1800s in which centralized networks were designed to deliver energy and water and facilitate Since early humans settled to cultivate the land and trade transportation; however, “modern cities designed around with neighbours, forming larger and denser populations, it the private automobile, with single-function zoning, are has been mutually advantageous to organize in cities that becoming more congested, polluted, and unsafe” [1]. -
Introduction to 6Lowpan And
NetworkingNetworking LayerLayer ProtocolsProtocols forfor InternetInternet ofof Things:Things: . 6LoWPAN6LoWPAN andand RPLRPL Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 [email protected] These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ ©2018 Raj Jain 14-1 OverviewOverview 6LowPAN Adaptation Layer Address Formation Compression RPL RPL Concepts RPL Control Messages RPL Data Forwarding Note: This is part 3 of a series of class lectures on IoT. Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ ©2018 Raj Jain 14-2 RecentRecent ProtocolsProtocols forfor IoTIoT MQTT, SMQTT, CoRE, DDS, Security Management AMQP , XMPP, CoAP, IEC, IEEE 1888, … IEEE 1888.3, IEEE 1905, TCG, IEEE 1451, Encapsulation: 6LowPAN, Oath 2.0, IEEE 1377, 6TiSCH, 6Lo, Thread… SMACK, IEEE P1828, Routing: RPL, CORPL, CARP SASL, IEEE P1856 EDSA, WiFi, Bluetooth Low Energy, Z-Wave, ZigBee Smart, ace, DECT/ULE, 3G/LTE, NFC, DTLS, Weightless, HomePlug GP, Dice, … 802.11ah, 802.15.4e, G.9959, WirelessHART, DASH7, ANT+, LTE-A, LoRaWAN, ISA100.11a, DigiMesh, WiMAX, … Ref: Tara Salman, Raj Jain, "A Survey of Protocols and Standards for Internet of Things," Advanced Computing and Communications, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2017, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/iot_accs.htm Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ ©2018 Raj Jain 14-3 IEEEIEEE 802.15.4802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Allows mesh networking. Full function nodes can forward packets to other nodes.