DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobility of Fish Cage Farmers in the Ping River Basin As an Adaptation to Climate-Related and Socio-Economic Risks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobility of Fish Cage Farmers in the Ping River Basin As an Adaptation to Climate-Related and Socio-Economic Risks MOBILITY OF FISH CAGE FARMERS IN THE PING RIVER BASIN AS AN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE-RELATED AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS PHAOTHAI SIN-AMPOL MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE GRADUATE SCHOOL CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2014 MOBILITY OF FISH CAGE FARMERS IN THE PING RIVER BASIN AS AN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE-RELATED AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS PHAOTHAI SIN-AMPOL MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE GRADUATE SCHOOL CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2014 MOBILITY OF FISH CAGE FARMERS IN THE PING RIVER BASIN AS AN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE-RELATED AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS PHAOTHAI SIN-AMPOL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE GRADUATE SCHOOL, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2014 i MOBILITY OF FISH CAGE FARMERS IN THE PING RIVER BASIN AS AN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE-RELATED AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS PHAOTHAI SIN-AMPOL THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED TO BE A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE Examination Committee: Advisory Committee: .......................................... Chairman ................................................. Advisor (Asst. Prof. Dr. Chanagun Chitmanat) (Lect. Dr. Santita Ganjanapan) .......................................... Member ................................................. Co -advisor (Lect. Dr. Santita Ganjanapan) (Asst. Prof. Dr. Chusak Wittayapak) .......................................... Member (Asst. Prof. Dr. Chusak Wittayapak) 30 September 2014 Copyright © by Chiang Mai University ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not be accomplished if it had not been supported by various assistances from academics, lecturers, private and official units. I, first of all, express absolute appreciation to Lecturer Dr. Santita Ganjanapan, my thesis supervisor and general advisor, for her suggestions in academic and other relevant issues, as well as her sacrifice in developing my thesis and other works for the last two-and-half years. I, further, have to express my special thanks to Assistant Professor Dr. Chanagun Chitmanat, Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, in charge of being the chairman of thesis examination. I, besides, would like to acknowledge Assistant Professor Dr. Chusak Wittayapak in charge of the co-advisor of my thesis who provided good guidance for my works. I am also very grateful to all lecturers in the RCSD program for giving valuable knowledge and laying out an effective foundation for me to search for further academic comprehension in the future. This research could not have been accomplished if I had not attained a lot of helpful support for several years under the AQUADAPT project granted by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada. My research under the AQUADAPT project has also been officially advocated by Dr. Louis Lebel, the director, and Mrs. Phimphakan Lebel, office manager of Unit for Social and Environmental Research (USER), as well as all AQUADAPT academics and members in giving suggestions to improve the thesis. In my research team, especially, I have to express a million thanks to all my colleagues in the AQUADAPT A3.1 team including Lecturer Dr. Santita Ganjanapan, Miss Weerakan Kengkaj, my RCSD friend and researcher, as well as Miss Paweena Tapa, research assistant, for all their kind encouragement as friends, collecting the data in field sites many times, and brainstorming various great ideas for producing the thesis. Much of the important evidence in my research comes from the community headman, the headman of the fish cage farming group, and all of the fish cage farmers in Ban Koh, Hua Kuang, Pradang, and Ban Mai villages. I am grateful to them for sacrificing their valuable iii time in responding to all interviews and working with us during this two-year period. For the information and statistics in this research, there are many official units that I have to express my thankfulness. In the hydrological side, I want to commend Miss Kunlaya Charoenkitkaset, Hydrologist, Office of Water Management and Hydrology, as well as all officers in Irrigation Office I, Chiang Mai Province, Irrigation Office IV, Kamphaeng Phet Irrigation Project, and Wang Bua Irrigation Project, Kamphaeng Phet Province for all of the useful information and statistics for the analysis. In the demographic side, I received very qualified population statistics from four district offices in three provinces – Hang Dong and Doi Lor District Office, as well as Nong Tong Pattana Municipality, Chiang Mai Province, Wang Chao District Office, Tak Province, and Muang Kamphaeng Phet District Office, Kamphaeng Phet Province. In the fishery side, various information and knowledge had been provided by Mr. Wilat Klomsoontorn, the representative of Department of Fisheries in Chom Thong District, and Fisheries Office in Kamphaeng Phet Province. In agricultural perspective, farmers’ information by Hang Dong Agricultural District Office is also applicable. I also acknowledge Mr. Kenneth Dolen in editing the language of my thesis. Moreover, those important people who were very considerate in supporting my decisions and devoting great assistance are all officers at RCSD, particularly Miss Muttika Thungsuphuti, and my RCSD friends including Autsadawut, Thanh, Molika, Ka Ji Jia, Pyae, Khun, Flora, Vilaykone, Sengvilayvanh, and Fay. Most importantly, I am always grateful for everything that my father, mother, sister, grandmother, and all my relatives have done for me. I also deeply appreciate all of my teachers and lecturers since kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, and the university in giving useful knowledge and living skills. My friends, finally, are also essential as valuable friendships that encouraged my life to be what is until now. Phaothai Sin-ampol iv CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement iii English Abstract v Thai Abstract vii List of Tables xii List of Figures xiv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Rationale 1 1.2 Research Questions 6 1.3 Research Objectives 6 1.4 Operational Definitions 7 1.5 Review of Theories, Concepts, and Related Studies 8 1.6 Conceptual Framework 32 1.7 Research Methodology 34 1.8 Thesis Organization 42 Chapter 2 Research Sites in Changing Contexts 44 2.1 Development of Hybrid Red Tilapia 44 2.2 Suitable Requirements for Tilapia Fish Cage Farming 47 2.3 Contractual Relations in Fish Cage Farming 51 2.4 General Roles of State Authorities Related to Fish Cage Farming 53 2.5 River-Based Livelihood and Fish Cage Farming in Research Sites 60 2.6 Climate Characteristics in Sub-Basin Areas 73 2.7 Demographic Structure 85 2.8 Conclusion 88 ix CONTENTS (continued) Page Chapter 3 Multiple Risks in Fish Cage Farming 90 3.1 External Hazards of Climate Related-Risks 92 3.2 Internal Exposures to Climate-Related Risks 114 3.3 External Hazards of Socio-Economic Risks 119 3.4 Internal Exposures of Socio-Economic Risks 135 3.5 Multiple Risks 137 3.6 Conclusion 139 Chapter 4 Multiple Household Vulnerability 140 4.1 Production Sizes and Multiple Risks in Fish Cage Farming 141 4.2 Current Household Demographic Structure 142 4.3 Occupational Diversification 147 4.4 Risk Perception in Fish Cage Farming 150 4.5 Access to Capitals in Occupational Diversification and Techniques in Fish Cage Farming 152 4.6 Multiple Household Vulnerability and Levels of Mobility 163 4.7 Conclusion 167 Chapter 5 Mobility as an Adaptation to Multiple Risks 169 5.1 Mobility in Pre and Post-Fish Farming Period 169 5.2 Periodic Mobility 171 5.3 Episodic Mobility 180 5.4 Immobile Actions 184 5.5 Purposes of Mobility and Remittances 185 5.6 Effects of Mobility in Reducing Multiple Risks and Vulnerability 193 5.7 Conclusion 197 x CONTENTS (continued) Page Chapter 6 Conclusion 199 6.1 Major Findings 200 6.2 Theoretical Discussion 206 6.3 Obstacles and Solutions in Field Research 209 6.4 Recommendations 210 6.5 Policy Suggestions 211 Bibliography 213 Curriculum Vitae 230 xi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1.1 Research Sites 38 Table 2.1 Population in research sites by sex 86 Table 3.1 Factors of the analysis in climate-related and socio-economic risks 91 Table 3.2 Differences of mean temperature (degree Celsius) in December 2013 and January 2014 compared to 30-year period mean temperature 95 Table 3.3 Natural-induced actions and climate-related characteristics by seasons following the perception of farmers 99 Table 3.4 Water drainage schedule of Chollakhan Phinit Weir in 2013 103 Table 3.5 Anthropogenic actions and level of climate-related risks in each village 113 Table 3.6 Internal exposures to climate-related risks by exposed areas of each village 115 Table 3.7 Numbers of farmers by cage location as internal exposure 120 Table 3.8 Public Aquaculture Criteria 2011 131 Table 3.9 External socio-economic risks in the village 134 Table 3.10 The amount of contractual company selected by fish cage farmers in each village 135 Table 3.11 Financial system in contractual relations by types 135 Table 3.12 Level of multiple risks in fish cage farmers’ households 138 Table 3.13 Numbers of fish cage farming households by level of multiple risks 138 Table 4.1 Farmers by production sizes and average cage areas per household at the beginning time of studying 141 Table 4.2 Multiple risks of fish cage farmers by production sizes 142 Table 4.3 General demographic structures by household characteristics 144 Table 4.4 Age of a household member who is responsible as fish cage farmer 145 xii LIST OF TABLES (continued) Page Table 4.5 Average numbers of household members,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Draft Environmental Report on Thailand
    DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT ON THAILAND PREPARED BY THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. AID/DS/ST CONTRACT NO, SA/TOA 1-77 WITH U.S. MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SECRETARIAT DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON, D.C. OCTOBER 1979 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF THAILAND Table of Contents Section page Introduction and Summary ii 1.0 Populat i h,ht'<eristics 1.1 Get i I p ition statistics .................................. 1 1.2 Sp i 1 ibution ........................................... 2 1.3 Ethr .."d religion ......................................... 6 1.4 Education ............ ......................................... 7 1.5 Health ........................................................ 8 1.6 Birth control and population policy.............................9 2.0 The Economy 2.1 General economic statistics .................................... 11 2.2 Economic structure and growth .................................. 13 3.0 Resources and Environmental Problems 3.1 Topography and climate ......................................... 17 3.2 Freshwater ..................................................... 21 3.3 Soils .......................................................... 26 3.4 Minerals ....................................................... 28 3.5 Forests ........................................................ 30 3.6 Coastal zone ................................................... 35 3.7 Wildlife ....................................................... 38 3.8 Fisheries .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Tourist Site Potential and Application of Environmental
    $4.60 ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST SITE POTENTIAL AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SRI NAN NATIONAL PARK. NAN PROVINCE Miss Tatsanawalai Utarasakul A Dissertation submitted in Partial Futfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorof Philosophy program in Environmentalscience (l nterdisciplinary Program) Graduate School Chulalongkom Univeaity Academic Year 2007 Copyright of Chutatongkom University I I Ts8T0g BpwrornBlusu lurttL]o3gt u3g 0992 truEstuE B-u rBraEL nBps u suurL BpmrEU g?ulr (ulguruunu) Bopuonlgu ury rBrrgrsEr3ru u grug[nUsu Eru r BrrErfu fu gnru SupnnwunuBsru ]gr]pnncpnErpgnrEmr g ulrusureU Bpcmr1tcrt ]m nqru!n*, nqql, Er3lpnnunuunlu orss gl oBpl lolrsLuLnrulBru opl Bopu cnlgsru U1^ruu nn:cy uh:c Juru: un cBpt $qrlpnnlonrwnugn$:sFsru Thesis Title ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST SITE POTENTIAL AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SRINAN NATIONAL PARK. NAN PROVINCE By Miss Tatsanawalai Utarasakul Field of Study Environmental Science Thesis Advisor Associate Professor Kumthorn Thirakhupt, Ph.D. Thesis Co-advisor Assistant Professor Art-ong Pradatsundarasar, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School, Chulalongkorn Universig in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctoral Degree htTfi: Dean of the Graduate School (A.ssistant Professor M.R. Kalaya Tingsabadh.Ph.D.) THESIS COMMITTEE e. 1,6 ;. ;.h.r4p. :l.|- .... ... chairman (Assistant Professor Chamwit Kositanont. Ph.D.) Thesis Advisor (Associate Professor Kumthom Thirakhupt. Ph.D. ) ?d"b Thesis Co-advisor (Assistant Professor Art-ong Pradatsundarasar. Ph.D.) it* ExternalMember Member (Associate Professor Thavivongse Sriburi, Ph.D.) It.. i-' ....(?....:.. LEs t i rt09 r'*u bt ssgognt u s ;'a,li; i! ;;,;; tif 91 Ellst tnugsuup ......St-.:"g.....::gnp*tbr,sspeEBuu""""""""""""ossz" U n*Upi,6n6p}u BuJuBnE....
    [Show full text]
  • Charlie Thame and Kraiyos Patrawart February 2017
    Charlie Thame and Kraiyos Patrawart February 2017 Strengthening Out of School Children (OOSC) Mechanisms in Tak Province (February 2017) Charlie Thame and Kraiyos Patrawart ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cover photo by Kantamat Palawat Published by This report was written by Charlie Thame and Kraiyos Patrawart. Both would like to thank Save the Children Thailand all those who contributed to the project, which would not have been possible without the kind 14th Fl., Maneeya Center Building (South), 518/5 Ploenchit Road, support of several individuals and organisations. Special thanks are extended to the Primary Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Education Service Area Office Tak 2 (PESAO Tak 2), Tak Province. Khun Pongsakorn, Khun +66(0) 2684 1286 Aof, and Khun Ninarall graciously gave their time and support to the team, without which the [email protected] study would not have been possible. Aarju Hamal and Sia Kukuawkasem provided invaluable http://thailand.savethechildren.net research assistance with documentary review, management and coordination, and translation. Siraporn Kaewsombat’s assistance was also crucial for the success of the project. The team would like to express further thanks to all at Save the Children Thailand for their support during the study, particularly Tim Murray and Kate McDermott. REACT The Reaching Education for All Children in Thailand (REACT) project is supported by Save the Children Hong Kong and implemented by Save the Children International in Thailand. REACT aims to ensure migrant children in Thailand have access to quality basic education and communities support children’s learning. The main target groups are the migrant children in Tak and Ranong provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • Did the Construction of the Bhumibol Dam Cause a Dramatic Reduction in Sediment Supply to the Chao Phraya River?
    water Article Did the Construction of the Bhumibol Dam Cause a Dramatic Reduction in Sediment Supply to the Chao Phraya River? Matharit Namsai 1,2, Warit Charoenlerkthawin 1,3, Supakorn Sirapojanakul 4, William C. Burnett 5 and Butsawan Bidorn 1,3,* 1 Department of Water Resources Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] (M.N.); [email protected] (W.C.) 2 The Royal Irrigation Department, Bangkok 10300, Thailand 3 WISE Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand; [email protected] 5 Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-2218-6455 Abstract: The Bhumibol Dam on Ping River, Thailand, was constructed in 1964 to provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood mitigation, fisheries, and saltwater intrusion control to the Great Chao Phraya River basin. Many studies, carried out near the basin outlet, have suggested that the dam impounds significant sediment, resulting in shoreline retreat of the Chao Phraya Delta. In this study, the impact of damming on the sediment regime is analyzed through the sediment variation along the Ping River. The results show that the Ping River drains a mountainous Citation: Namsai, M.; region, with sediment mainly transported in suspension in the upper and middle reaches. By contrast, Charoenlerkthawin, W.; sediment is mostly transported as bedload in the lower basin. Variation of long-term total sediment Sirapojanakul, S.; Burnett, W.C.; flux data suggests that, while the Bhumibol Dam does effectively trap sediment, there was only a Bidorn, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Aim Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Highland Cash Crop Development and Biodiversity Conservation: The Hmong in Northern Thailand by Waranoot Tungittiplakorn B.Sc., Chulalongkorn University, 1988 M..Sc., Asian Institute of Technology, 1991 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Geography We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Dawna Tenasserim Landscape
    • DAWNA TENASSERIM LANDSCAPE TENASSERIM DAWNA LEAFLET FEBRUARY 2014 PANDA.ORG/GREATERMEKONG WWF-Greater Mekong DAWNA TENASSERIM LANDSCAPE Jitvijak / WWF-Thailand © Wayuphong The landscape includes 30,539km2 of protected areas and nearly 50,000km2 of wilderness area, providing shelter to over 150 mammals and nearly 570 bird species. © WWF-Greater Mekong DAWNA TENASSERIM LANDSCAPE WWF is conserving the Dawna Tenasserim Landscape as an intact ecosystem with protected and connected habitats for wildlife, and safeguarding its valuable ecosystem services for local communities and the nations of Myanmar and Thailand. The Dawna Tenasserim Landscape, which covers 63,239 km² of Thailand and Myanmar, is defined by the Dawna and Tenasserim mountain ranges. These mountains are the source for the region’s major rivers and watershed systems: the Tenasserim, in the Taninthayi Region of Myanmar, and the Mae Khlong, Chao Phraya, Phetchaburi, and Lower Western watershed systems in Thailand. Ancient human civilizations have risen and fallen in this landscape, and the area is home to diverse ethnic groups who have thrived there for centuries. The Myanmar portion of this landscape receives heavy rainfall and supports some of the largest areas of lowland evergreen forest remaining in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. The Thai side is dryer and is covered by a mosaic of evergreen and deciduous forests. The Dawna Tenasserim Landscape also contains one of the largest protected area networks in Southeast Asia, formed by the contiguous Western Forest Complex and Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex THE DAWNA TENASSERIM in Thailand. Additional protected areas are proposed for the forests in Myanmar as well. LANDSCAPE CONTAINS Flagship Species ONE OF THE LARGEST From the tiny endemic Kitti’s hog-nosed bat (also known as the bumblebee bat), contender PROTECTED AREA for the title of smallest mammal in the world, to the Asian elephant, the Dawna Tenasserim is home to a remarkable diversity of animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridors
    About the Assessment of Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridors The transformation of transport corridors into economic corridors has been at the center of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation Program since 1998. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) conducted this Assessment to guide future investments and provide benchmarks for improving the GMS economic corridors. This Assessment reviews the state of the GMS economic corridors, focusing on transport infrastructure, particularly road transport, cross-border transport and trade, and economic potential. This assessment consists of six country reports and an integrative report initially presented in June 2018 at the GMS Subregional Transport Forum. About the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program The GMS consists of Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, the People’s Republic of China (specifically Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), Thailand, and Viet Nam. In 1992, with assistance from the Asian Development Bank and building on their shared histories and cultures, the six countries of the GMS launched the GMS Program, a program of subregional economic cooperation. The program’s nine priority sectors are agriculture, energy, environment, human resource development, investment, telecommunications, tourism, transport infrastructure, and transport and trade facilitation. About the Asian Development Bank ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand Private Sector Power Project
    THAILAND PRIVATE SECTOR POWER PROJECT FINAL REPORT PREPARED UNDER IQC PDC-5730-I-00-6110-00 DELIVERY ORDER No. 9 PREPARED FOR OFFICE OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT USAID/BANGKOK AND THE OFFICE OF TECHNICAL RESOURCES BUREAU FOR ASIA AMD NEAR EAST U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PREPARED BY DE.UCIA AND ASSOCIATES, INC. 5 HASTINGS SQUARE CAMBRIDGE, NA 02139 (617) 576-0646 TELEX: ITT 4944478 FAX: (617) 547-4286 MARCH 1989 THAILAND PRIVATE SECTOR POWER PROJECT FINAL REPORT PREPARED UNDER IOC PDC-5730-1-00-6110-00 DELIVERY ORDER NO. 9 PREPARED A SR OFFICE OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT USAID/BANGKOK AM THE OFFICE OF TECHNICAL RESOURCES BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PREPARED mY DELUCIA AND ASSOCIATES, INC. 5 HASTINGS SOUARE CAMBRXDGE, NA 02139 (617) 576-0646 TELEX: Ir 4944478 FAx: (617) 547-4286 MARCH 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 BACKGROUND ........... ....................... 1 Section 2 OVERVIEW ............ ........................ 3 Section 3 SUMMARY ............ ......................... 6 3.1 Privatization Announcement ........ ................ 6 3.2 Draft Regulations .......... ..................... 7 3.3 Model Power Purchase Agreement ....... .............. 9 3.4 Pro Forma Financial Model ...... ................. ... 10 3.5 Introduction of Larger-Scale IPPs .... ............. ... 11 3.6 EGAT Power Development Plan ("PDP 88-02") .. ......... ... 12 3.7 Meetings with EGAT ............................. .. 13 Section 4 COMMENT ............ ......................... 18 Appendix A - EGAT POWER DEVELOPMENT PLAN Annex I - SCOPE OF WORK ........... ...................... A-1 Annex 2 - PRESS RELEASE: PRIVATIZATION ..... ............... ... A-2 Annex 3 - RECOMMENDED DRAFT REGULATIONS (proposed by team) ..... ... A-3 Annex 4 - EGAT DRAFT REGULATIONS .......................... .. A-4 Annex 5 - MODEL POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT ..... .............. .A-5 Annex 6 - PRO FORMA FINANCIAL MODEL FOR PROJECT ANALYSIS .......
    [Show full text]
  • A Biogeographic Synthesis of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Indochina
    BAIN & HURLEY: AMPHIBIANS OF INDOCHINA & REPTILES & HURLEY: BAIN Scientific Publications of the American Museum of Natural History American Museum Novitates A BIOGEOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF THE Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF INDOCHINA Publications Committee Robert S. Voss, Chair Board of Editors Jin Meng, Paleontology Lorenzo Prendini, Invertebrate Zoology RAOUL H. BAIN AND MARTHA M. HURLEY Robert S. Voss, Vertebrate Zoology Peter M. Whiteley, Anthropology Managing Editor Mary Knight Submission procedures can be found at http://research.amnh.org/scipubs All issues of Novitates and Bulletin are available on the web from http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace Order printed copies from http://www.amnhshop.com or via standard mail from: American Museum of Natural History—Scientific Publications Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper). AMNH 360 BULLETIN 2011 On the cover: Leptolalax sungi from Van Ban District, in northwestern Vietnam. Photo by Raoul H. Bain. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A BIOGEOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF INDOCHINA RAOUL H. BAIN Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology) and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Life Sciences Section Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON Canada MARTHA M. HURLEY Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 360, 138 pp., 9 figures, 13 tables Issued November 23, 2011 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2011 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • C O N S E R V a Tio N O U Tc O M E S • in D O -B U R
    Conservation Outcomes Geographic Priorities for Investment This map presents a set of geographic targets for The Ecosystem Profile includes an investment Globally threatened mammals endemic to Hainan tributaries, including the Srepok, Sesan, and of high global importance for plant conservation, important congregations of globally threatened conservation action within the Indo-Burma strategy for engaging civil society organizations in Island include Hainan hare (Lepus hainanus) Sekong (Xe Kong) rivers, represent one of the supporting high levels of endemism in many species, such as greater adjutant (Leptoptilos Indo-Burma The political and geographic 50 0 50 100 150 200 Hotspot, at site (Key Biodiversity Area) and intiatives that address threats to biodiversity, Hainan gymnure (Neohylomys hainanensis) and best remaining examples of the riverine groups, such as orchids. The corridor supports dubius). The extensive area of flooded forest and designations shown on this map do not imply the expression of any landscape (conservation corridor) scales. The communities and livelihoods. The investment Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus). The latter ecosystems of Indo-Burma, and provide services the richest assemblages of conifer species in the high levels of nutrients transported by the annual kilometers targets were defined through a consultative strategy focuses on those taxonomic, geographic species is believed to be entirely confined to vital to the livelihoods of millions of people. The region, including several globally threatened flood result
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Structure of the Red-Spotted Tokay Gecko, Gekko Gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Mainland Southeast Asia
    Asian Herpetological Research 2019, 10(2): 69–78 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180066 Genetic Structure of the Red-spotted Tokay Gecko, Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Mainland Southeast Asia Weerachai SAIJUNTHA1, Sutthira SEDLAK1, Takeshi AGATSUMA2, Kamonwan JONGSOMCHAI3, Warayutt PILAP1, Watee KONGBUNTAD4, Wittaya TAWONG5, Warong SUKSAVATE1, Trevor N. PETNEY6 and Chairat TANTRAWATPAN7* 1 Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Biodiversity and Conservation Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand 2 Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan 3 Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Science, Phayao University, Phayao 56000, Thailand 4 Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand 5 Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand 6 Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstrasse 13, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany 7 Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Abstract This study was performed to explore the genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-spotted tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) from 23 different geographical areas in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. The mitochondrial tRNA- Gln/tRNA-Met/partial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 from 166 specimens was amplified and sequenced. A total of 54 different haplotypes were found. Highly significant genetic differences occurred between populations from different localities. The haplotype network revealed six major haplogroups (G1 to G6) belonging to different clades (clade A– E). Clade D and clade E were newly observed in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Thai Air Accidents
    THAI AIR ACCIDENTS The listing below records almost 1,000 accidents to aircraft in Thailand, and also to Thai civil & military aircraft overseas. Corrections and additions would be very welcome to [email protected]. Principal sources are:- ‘Aerial Nationalism – A History of Aviation in Thailand’ Edward Young (1995) ‘Bangkok Post’ 1946 to date ‘Vietnam Air Losses’ Chris Hobson (2001) plus Sid Nanson, Cheryl Baumgartner, and many other individuals Note that the precise locations of crashes of USAF aircraft 1963-75 vary between different sources. Co-ordinates in [ ] are from US official records, but often differ significantly from locations described in other sources. Date Type Operator Serial Location & Details 22-Dec-29 Boripatra Siamese AF Crashed at Khao Polad, near Burmese border, en route Delhi 07-Dec-31 Fokker F.VIIb KLM PH-AFO Crashed on take-off from Don Muang; 5 killed 22-Jun-33 Puss Moth Aerial Transport Co HS-PAA Crashed after flying into storm at Kumphawapi, en route from Khon Kaen to Udorn 07-Feb-38 Martin 139WSM Siamese AF Seriously damaged in landing accident 18-Mar-38 Curtiss Hawk (II or III) Siamese AF Crashed at Don Muang whilst practising for air show 22-Mar-39 Curtis Hawk 75N Siamese AF Crashed when lost control during high-speed test dive 09-Dec-40 Vought Corsair Thai AF Possibly shot down 10-Dec-40 Vought Corsair Thai AF Shot down 12-Dec-40 Curtiss Hawk III Thai AF Shot down 13-Dec-40 Curtis Hawk 75N Thai AF Destroyed on the ground at Ubon during French bombing raid 14-Dec-40 Curtis Hawk 75N & Hawk III Thai AF
    [Show full text]