I Codici Scacchistici Giulio Cesare Polerio Gioacchino Greco

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I Codici Scacchistici Giulio Cesare Polerio Gioacchino Greco Alessandro Sanvito I codici scacchistici di Giulio Cesare Polerio e Gioacchino Greco Dedicato alla memoria di Alvise Zichichi Un libro pubblicato non appartiene più al suo autore, appartiene al lettore che sappia, voglia essere e rimanere tale. Indice Presentazione pag. 9 Preface to the second edition 11 Brevi cenni biografici 13 Avvertenze 15 Elenco dei manoscritti di Giulio Cesare Polerio 17 Elenco dei manoscritti di Gioacchino Greco 29 Alcune partite del Polerio 47 Alcune partite del Greco 55 I Partiti e le Suttilità 63 Bibliografia essenziale 71 Presentazione “Nel 1919 lo studioso statunitense John Questo è quanto scrissi nella presenta- G. White di Cleveland scrisse un libretto zione del mio libretto nel 2005; e, con mia dal titolo Greco and his Manuscripts che sorpresa, esso incontrò il favore degli stu- fu pubblicato a Filadelfia. diosi andando presto in esaurimento. Co- A pagina 9 si legge: “Some of the ma- me da antica tradizione si dovrebbe an- nuscripts of Greco have been described nunciare una nuova “edizione corretta, by v.d. Linde and J.A. Leon, the latter in aggiornata e ampliata” ma ciò forse sa- Prof. Hoffman’s Games of Greco. All of rebbe applicabile solo agli errori che, co- these descriptions have been more or less me sempre, non mancano mai. Ho accet- imperfect and erroneous. The manu- tato l’invito dell’Editore di riproporre una scripts are enumerated but not described seconda edizione, di nuovo per almeno in Murray’s history of chess. It is quite li- due ragioni, ma questa volta di diversa kely that other manuscripts still remain motivazione: l’una perché nel frattempo unknown”. ho risolto il problema dell’ultimo codice Scopo evidente di J. White fu quello di del Greco (n. 23 della lista Greco nella 1ª cercare di mettere ordine nei mss del Gre- edizione) che avevo indicato con la dizio- co a lui noti, ma anche di rammentare che ne “collocazione non individuata” e la se- taluni di questi scritti erano ancora scono- conda perché l’acquisto della precedente sciuti, con l’implicito invito a perseverare edizione era avvenuto in prevalenza fuori nelle ricerche. dai confini italiani. Vero è che un elenco Quasi un secolo è passato e quella pre- bibliografico ha, per sua natura e indipen- ziosa lista non è stata ancora aggiornata; il dentemente dalla lingua usata, una com- pensiero di preparare un elenco più recen- prensione internazionale, ma è altrettanto te, includendo anche gli scritti del Polerio, vero che il suggerimento dell’Editore di è nato da due ragioni ben precise: l’una tradurre in inglese almeno la presentazio- che White vide lontano affermando che ne mi è sembrato opportuno visto la mag- alcuni mss erano ancora sconosciuti e gioranza dei precedenti acquirenti. Per l’altra, forse decisiva, è che Polerio e Gre- quanto concerne il codice “non individua- co erano due italiani e ad un italiano spet- to” del Greco, devo un sentito ringrazia- tava l’impegnativo compito di offrire una mento all’amico Egbert Meissenburg bibliografia dei loro scritti in lingua italia- che, interessato al “caso”, mi ha aiutato na a noi pervenuti.” con suggerimenti vari attraverso i quali mi sono avvicinato alla soluzione. In altre amanuensi e dedicati a importanti Signori parole mi resi conto ricontrollando diver- al fine di ingraziarsi la loro protezione. si elementi che avevo indicato due codici Finalità di questa ricerca, non è discute- del Greco custoditi nella Cleveland Pu- re il Polerio o il Greco e i contenuti dei lo- blic Library, che probabilmente erano… ro testi, ma solo il tentativo di ricostruire uno solo! Dopo un lungo scambio di cor- l’attuale elencazione di questi importanti rispondenza elettronica con i nuovi re- scritti in lingua italiana e la loro colloca- sponsabili del Chess Department della zione anche se non mancano alcune parti- Biblioteca di Cleveland, e grazie all’insi- te del Polerio e del Greco trascritte diretta- stenza di Meissenburg, abbiamo ricevuto mente dai loro codici e pubblicate in edi- conferma che le nostre supposizioni si zione diplomatica al fine di soddisfare la erano rivelate corrette. curiosità di poter leggere il curioso e ca- Per quanto io sappia l’elenco dei codici ratteristico modo di annotare le partite di del Polerio, e soprattutto del Greco, sem- scacchi a cavallo fra il Cinquecento e il bra essere oggi più preciso. Seicento. Le figure di Giulio Cesare Polerio nati- Naturalmente ho tenuto conto delle vo di Lanciano e per questo soprannomi- preziose liste preparate in passato da emi- nato “l’Abruzzese” e di Gioacchino Gre- nenti studiosi e di quanto citato nei diver- co Calabrese di Celico sono di assoluta si volumi pubblicati nel secolo scorso. importanza per la storia degli scacchi. Così come non ho trascurato le recenti bi- Non esiste volume scacchistico, scritto bliografie scacchistiche italiane control- in ogni lingua, che non li ricordi con am- lando tutti i dati, aggiungendo quanto è mirazione. stato ritrovato e quanto è stato scoperto, L’Abruzzese accompagnò Giovanni cercando di presentare un commento più Leonardo da Cutro detto “Il Puttino”, nei ampio. suoi viaggi in Spagna e Portogallo. Anno- Questo elenco, tuttavia, non ha la prete- tò e trascrisse in una serie di manoscritti, sa di essere né completo, né perfetto; nes- impianti di gioco, nomi di forti giocatori, suna bibliografia, del resto, può mai con- avvenimenti, dati, che altrimenti sarebbe- siderarsi finita, tuttavia, sono stati ritrova- ro stati dimenticati. ti mss dati per dispersi, si sono aggiunti Grande studioso di Polerio fu l’olande- codici finora sconosciuti e nelle poche si- se Antonio van der Linde che forse lo so- tuazioni dubbie si è cercato di fornire indi- pravvalutò oltre misura, ma a lui dobbia- cazioni per una più corretta futura elenca- mo il merito di averne divulgato il valore. zione. Lo scopo primario che ha guidato Straordinaria è la carriera scacchistica questo studio è stato quello di offrire agli del Greco, eccezionale la sua popolarità. studiosi che verranno un elenco più re- Nella sua breve ed avventurosa vita, Gio- cente che possa fungere da base sulla qua- acchino, “italiano calabrese” fu un pro- le apportare futuri aggiornamenti. fessionista del gioco; scrisse alcuni tratta- ti di scacchi che poi furono affidati agli Alessandro Sanvito Preface to the second edition “In 1919, the American scholar John I wrote this presentation for my boo- G. White from Cleveland wrote a booklet klet, in 2005. To my surprise, it encounte- entitled “Greco and his manuscripts” that red the favour of many scholars and soon was published in Philadelphia. was a sell-out. On page 9, he writes: “Some of the ma- It is common practice that one announ- nuscripts of Greco have been described ces a new “reviewed, updated and exten- by v.d. Linde and J.A. Leon, the latter in ded edition”; this however would only be Prof. Hoffman’s Games of Greco. All of applicable to errors – which will always these descriptions have been more or less occur. imperfect and erroneous. The manu- I accepted the Editor’s invitation to pre- scripts are enumerated but not described pare a second edition, for two different in Murray’s history of chess. It is quite li- reasons from those that initially drove me kely that other manuscripts still remain to write this book. Firstly, because in the unknown”. meantime I have solved the question of The evident purpose of J. White is to ar- Greco’s last code (n. 23 of the Greco list range the Greco’s manuscripts that he of the 1st edition), that I had labelled “uni- was aware of – but also to remind us that dentified classification”. Secondly, be- some of these documents were still mis- cause the first edition was mostly purcha- sing – by doing so, he implicitly invites us sed outside Italy. to persist in the quest. Irrespective of the language in which it A century has almost passed and Whi- is written, a list of references can be com- te’s invaluable list has not been updated prehended internationally. However, the yet. Editor’s suggestion to translate at least the The idea to outline a new list, including Preface in English, sounded appropriate Polerio’s works, emanates from the follo- to me, considering the majority of the rea- wing arguments: White proved to be far- ders of the first edition. sighted, as he noted that some manu- Regarding the Greco’s “unidentified” scripts were still unknown; and, more im- code, I owe my gratitude to my friend Eg- portantly, Polerio and Greco were both bert Meissenburg: he showed great inte- Italian, hence an Italian author would ha- rest in the case and his generous advice ve had to take up the hard task of produ- helped me approaching the solution. By cing a comprehensive bibliography on verifying several elements, I came to the their surviving work in Italian.” conclusion that two codes of Greco, sto- red at the Cleveland Public Library most This research does not focus on the tho- likely were one single code! rough examination of Polerio, of Greco or Upon an intensive exchange of emails of the subjects of their works: it is a mere with the new supervisors of the Chess De- attempts to reconstruct an updated list of partment of the Cleveland Public Library their relevant works in Italian and of their and thank to Meissenburg’s determina- current classification. However, some ga- tion, we found evidence supporting our mes by Polerio and by Greco have also hypothesis. been included, that were transposed di- To the best of my knowledge, the list of rectly from their codes and published in Polerio’s and particularly of Greco’s co- diplomatic edition: one can therefore sati- des, is now more accurate.
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