Environmental Earth Sciences
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Environmental Earth Sciences Series Editor: James W. LaMoreaux For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8394 Nicolaos Lambrakis George Stournaras Konstantina Katsanou Editors Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment Volume 2 123 Editors Prof. Dr. Nicolaos Lambrakis Prof. Dr. George Stournaras University of Patras University of Athens Department of Geology Department of Geology and Laboratory of Hydrogeology Geoenvironment Patras Athens Greece Greece [email protected] [email protected] Konstantina Katsanou University of Patras Department of Geology Laboratory of Hydrogeology Patras Greece [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-24075-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-24076-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-24076-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011936434 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. 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Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface These two volumes contain the proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Hydrogeology and the 4th MEM Workshop on Fissured Rocks Hydrology, organ- ized by the Hellenic Committee of Hydrogeology in collaboration with the Cyprus Association of Geologists and Mining Engineers. The number of the manuscripts submitted to the Organizing Committee through- out 15 countries all over the world reflects the rapidly increasing interest that Hy- drology gains nowadays worldwide. The papers cover more or less all fields, such as mathematical modeling, statistical, hydro-chemical methods, etc., focusing on the environmental aspect. Aquatic environment, the main topic of the Congress, as it is shown by the title of the Proceedings “Advances in the research of aquatic environment” is covered by articles mostly dealing with ecological impacts versus water requirements, climate change implications on groundwater, anthropogenic impacts on the groundwater quality, groundwater vulnerability, and more. Both volumes follow the general structure of the Congress topics. Moreover the keynote lectures are also included. On behalf of the International Scientific Committee I would like to take this op- portunity to thank all the authors for their contributions, as well as all participants for their cooperation, which made this Congress possible. Additionally, I would like to express my gratitude to the staff of Springer and especially Christian Witschel and Agata Oelschlaeger for their hard work, patience and support. Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife Aggeliki and my children Athina and Ioannis for their patience and love. Prof. Nicolaos Lambrakis President of the Organizing Committee University of Patras Laboratory of Hydrogeology Rio – Patras, Greece v Address of the Hellenic Committee of Hydrogeology The Hellenic Chapter of IAH proudly presents the Proceedings of its 9th Interna- tional Hydrogeological Congress, integrated in the frame, established during the last decade, characterized by internationalization and an opening to adjacent scien- tific fields. This is the result of continuous and painstaking efforts of all the mem- bers of the Hellenic Committee of Hydrogeology and of our foreign colleagues who attended our congresses and contributed by their papers and key notes and chiefly by their presence. The discussed Congress is characterized by several features and particularities. First of all, it is the first time that our Congress deserts the big cities for the Hel- lenic periphery cities as it is Kalavrita, the city which entertains our present meet- ing. Second, the international economic crisis affected both the attendance of delegates and the sponsoring of the event. Despite these difficulties the partici- pants and the sponsors’ presence exceeded the expected range. Moreover, the fo- cusing given to our congress’ subject matter, the management of the aquatic envi- ronment, covers a very important topical and seasonable existing universal problem, especially under the effect of the climatic change. Finally, the associa- tion with our new publisher, Springer is something that improves the level of the Congress in the field of the presentation quality and of the international diffusion of the proceedings as well. The IAH Hellenic National Chapter wishes to express its gratitude to the Organiz- ing Committee and its Chairman, Prof. N. Lambrakis for what they have done, the Sponsors of the event in such a difficult period, the local authorities of the city and the region of Kalavrita, the authors of the papers and key notes, and the partici- pants for their important presence in the congress. For the Administration Council The President Prof. George Stournaras vii Acknowledgements The 9th International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece would not have been pos- sible to be carried out without the active engagement of many persons and the finan- cial support of Institutions and Organizations. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them. Moreover, I would like to thank in particular Mr Dimitris Dalianis for his perfect work in the construction and maintenance of the Congress website. I would also like to acknowledge Mrs Konstantina Katsanou, Panagoula Kriempardi and Katerina Karli, for their valuable contribution during the organization. Sponsors BANK OF GREECE M.E.W.S OF PATRAS UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS MARIOLOPOULOS KANAGINIS FOUNDATION AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS DR C.J.VAMVACAS LTD HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS- CONSULTANTS GEOTECHNICAL CHAMBER OF GREECE KLEOPATRA GOUVA – CHEMICALS PARTNERSHIP LAZARIDIS ix Organizing Committee The 9th International Hydrogeological Congress and the 4th MEM Workshop of Fissured Rocks Hydrology of the Hellenic Committee of Hydrogeology in col- laboration with the Geological Society of Greece and the Cyprus Association of Geologists and Mining Engineers, was organized by the Laboratory of Hydro- geology, Department of Geology, University of Patras, with the cooperation of colleagues from several universities and authorities. The Organizing Committee consists by the following members: President: Nikolaos Lambrakis, University of Patras, Laboratory of Hydrogeology Vice President: Evangelos Nikolaou, IGME Greece General Secretary: Anastasia Pyrgaki, Region of Western Greece Executive Secretary: Konstantina Katsanou, University of Patras, Laboratory of Hydrogeology Koumoutsou Eleni Chelmos Vouraikos Geopark Treasurer: Eleni Zagana, University of Patras, Laboratory of Hydrogeology Members: Christos Petalas, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus Univer- sity of Thrace Constantinos Constantinou, Geological Survey of Cyprus Grigorios Krestenitis, Region of Western Greece Markos Sklivaniotis, M.E.W.S.P of Patras Georgios Soulios, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Geology Georgios Stamatis, Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of Mineralogy- Geology Georgios Stournaras, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Ath- ens Leonardos Tiniakos Region of Western Greece xi Scientific Committee Mohamed Aboufirass (N. Africa) Argyro Livaniou (Greece) Ian Acworth (Australia) Manuel José Margues (Portugal) Apostolos Alexopoulos (Greece) Paulos Marinos (Greece) Bartolome Andreo (Spain) Henrik Marszalek (Poland) Athanasios Argyriou (Greece) Boris Mijatovic (Serbia) Alicia Aureli (Italy) Jacque Mudry (France) Giovanni Barrocu (Italy) Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos (Greece) Konstantinos Chalikakis (France) Euagelos Nikolaou (Greece) Antonio Chambel (Portugal) Andreas Panagopoulos (Greece) Massimo Civita (Italy) George Panagopoulos (Greece) John Diamantis (Greece) George Papatheodorou (Greece) Alexandros Dimitrakopoulos (Greece) Didier Pennequin (France) George Dimopoulos (Greece) Christos Petalas (Greece) Romeo Eftimi (Albania) Fotios Pliakas (Greece) Christophe Emblanch (France) Maurizio Polemio (Italy) Dolores Maria Fidelibus (Italy) Antonio Pulido Bosch (Spain) Björn Frengstad (Norway) Dimitris Rozos (Greece) Michael Fytikas (Greece) Kim Rudolph-Lund (Norway) Michael Galabov (Bulgary) Nikolaos Sambatakakis (Greece) Jacques Ganoulis (Greece) Allen Shapiro (USA) Panagiotis Giannopoulos (Greece) George Soulios (Greece) Vasileios Kaleris (Greece) George Stamatis (Greece) George Kallergis (Greece) George Stournaras (Greece) George Koukis (Greece) Luigi Tulipano (Italy) John Koumantakis (Greece) Peter Udluft (Germany) Andre Kranjc (Slovenia) Sotirios Varnavas (Greece) Jiri Krasny (Czech Republic) Konstantinos Voudouris (Greece) Ioannis Kyrousis (Greece) Qin Xiaoqun (China) Patrik Lachassagne (France) Eleni Zagana (Greece) Nikolaos Lambrakis (Greece) Hans Zojer (Austria) John Leontiadis (Greece) Nikolaos Zouridakis (Greece) Michael Leotsinidis (Greece) xiii Contents