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IRA GOLLOBIN: GUILD FOUNDER and EXEMPLAR by Dinner Journal Editors with Assistance from Susan Douglas Taylor and Amy Ruth Tobol1

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IRA GOLLOBIN: GUILD FOUNDER and EXEMPLAR by Dinner Journal Editors with Assistance from Susan Douglas Taylor and Amy Ruth Tobol1 IRA GOLLOBIN: GUILD FOUNDER AND EXEMPLAR by Dinner Journal Editors with assistance from Susan Douglas Taylor and Amy Ruth Tobol1 ra Gollobin’s seven decade long legal career both the humanities and the sciences. He developed defending the rights of individuals imperiled by two lifelong interests at CCNY. One was Latin, in governmental action is distinguished by his firmly which he retains an interest to this day, and the other Iheld view that he was also obliged to represent “the was law, toward which he gravitated after taking courses American people.” This simultaneous commitment given by Morris Raphael Cohen, the eminent logician to individual clients as well as a larger agenda is dis- and philosophy professor, whose circle included such cernible not only across the breadth of Ira’s legal luminaries as Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes and Sir work, much of which involved immigrants, but in Frederick Pollock, the British medievalist who, with F. his many writings on behalf of the civil liberties and W. Maitland, wrote the magisterial, two-volume work, civil rights of both native- and foreign-born persons. The History of English Law. In autumn 1930, at the start of his third and last year at “City” – in those days, one A Son of Immigrants, could matriculate in law school without a college degree Shaped by The Great Depression – Ira began taking law courses at night at Fordham Born in 1911 in Newark, New Jersey, Ira, along University’s Bronx campus. with his older brother and sister, was raised in the Compelled to get a job in 1931 as the Depression Bronx from the age of three. His mother and father, deepened, Ira worked 60 hours a week in a dry goods emigrants from Czechoslovakia and Ukraine, respec- store located near the campus. Because there was so tively, came to the United States in 1885 as little time to read his casebooks before class, he read three-year-old children brought by their parents. Ira’s them during class, somehow managing to stay a few father, a brilliant, self-educated man interested in minutes ahead of the professors who, then as now, mathematics and mechanics, was an inventor who employed the Socratic Method as they called on stu- had been granted patents for dental equipment. dents to respond to questions about the assigned Raised in an orphanage, he had pulled himself up by readings. Ira received his LL.B. degree and passed the his own bootstraps, and believed that others could, Bar Examination in June 1933; the following month too. Although his conservative, Republican views he turned 22 years of age. Shortly thereafter, he differed from the Democratic ones held by Ira’s embarked on a one and one-half year association mother, the primary caretaker of the three children with Philip Birnbaum, a friendly, hard-working, upon whom she exerted the greater parental influ- conscientious, and down-to-earth solo practitioner ence, both Gollobins were very sympathetic to who paid his new associate the princely salary of people who were down and out. $5.00 per week. After six months, in recognition of Ira attended the College of the City of New York Ira’s excellent work, Birnbaum gave him a 40% raise; (CCNY) in the late 1920s and early 1930s, halcyon as a result, Ira began earning $7.00 a week. years during which that educational institution pro- Birnbaum’s practice was a general one, and he duced some of the country’s most renowned figures in soon came to place great confidence in Ira, who was assigned all manner of work, including assisting at trials and the drafting of appellate briefs. Ira learned 1 Susan Douglas Taylor, a Guild member, has been an immigration a lot about the nuts and bolts of practicing law in lawyer since 1988. For five years, she taught in the Immigrant and Refugee Rights Clinic at CUNY School of Law as an adjunct pro- those 18 months, including what he did not want to fessor. Amy Ruth Tobol, an attorney and assistant professor at do once out on his own. Although he could have Empire State College, has conducted oral history interviews of become a corporate lawyer and earned large fees, Ira Guild members for twenty years. In addition to oral history, Dr. knew from the start that his passions and commit- Tobol teaches sociology, American studies, and legal studies. The ments were elsewhere. Many people were hurting in authors thank Janet Higbie, a student at New York Law School, for the use of her paper on Kwong Hai Chew v. Colding. The those times – the nation was then fully in the grip of paper incorporated archival and legal research as well as data from The Great Depression – and Ira believed that his pro- 4 the Ira Gollobin interviews. fession should concern itself more with their problems. Ira at four NLG founders at an early meeting, c. 1937. Ira is sixth from left years old. in first standing row, with Victor Rabinowitz to his left. Hoboes, Migrant Workers, and Wobblies the locomotive, but sealed off from the rest of that car. Evidently, other young lawyers shared Ira’s point This was in the coal burning days … so you got the of view because, when he was formally admitted to benefit of all the coal dust, too. You looked like hell the Bar in 1935, he and the other newly-minted when you got off the thing ... You had to learn how to attorneys were subjected to a long lecture by Francis get on and off … and you had to learn how not to get Martin, the Presiding Justice of the Appellate caught by the bulls, the railroad detectives ... I saw Division, Second Department, who warned them not whole families with babies riding on those boxcars ... to become “radical” lawyers. Although these judicial they worked in the harvest jobs. I got a very clear, first- admonitions did not sway Ira from his chosen course, hand picture of what was going on, and it sealed my he wanted to learn as much as he could about the rest identification with the underdog.3 of the country and the world before starting out on that journey. He had read Jack London’s People of the During the year that Ira was out of the city, he Abyss, about the city of London’s “Skid Row,” and encountered not only migrant laborers and others Liam O’Flaherty’s Two Years, which described that whose lives had been upended by the nation’s eco- author’s travels around the world. “Realiz[ing] that nomic turmoil, but also an assortment of activists and this was [his] one chance to get to know at first hand progressives that included unionists, leftists of various what makes the world tick,”2 Ira told his parents that persuasions, and a number of “Wobblies” (as the he wanted to spend a year working his way around members of the radical, post-World War I union the United States, and then a second year, as a group, the Industrial Workers of the World, were seaman, traveling around the world. known), all of whom helped in the formulation of his political views and opinions. He also learned some Two weeks after I was admitted I left New York. I other, more mundane things – such as how to make worked around the country. Among other work, I had bread from the flour that he carried in a sack, and harvest jobs in Utah and California, picking oranges, how (after acquiring some rivets in a hardware store walnuts, and tomatoes, whatever there was. I lived in in Eugene, Oregon, and scrounging some canvass, hobo jungles and I rode the freights. I rode what they leather straps, and a box) to make a serviceable ruck- used to call “the blinds” … which was a standing- sack. The latter was a far better contrivance in which room-only area located in the first passenger car behind to carry his clothes and other necessities than the 2 Interview of Ira Gollobin, 2005 [hereinafter, IG 2005]. 3 IG 2005. 5 .......... “ginny sack” (a burlap bag tied at one end and carried a seaman to the United States before July 1, 1924. Since over the shoulder) he had been using. Ira covered a lot immigration law provided that persons coming before of ground on foot in that year, once walking over 60 that date were not deportable – no matter how they had miles from Portland to Clatskanie, Oregon, at the entered – he thought he was secure against deportation. mouth of the Columbia River. Almost always he slept However, when the Depression hit, he lost his job at a out under the stars. Ford factory in Detroit, Michigan. He decided to try his Although Ira wanted to expand his domestic luck in Buffalo. When he encountered an immigration travels to international ones, his father, unbeknownst inspector in Buffalo, the inspector asked only one ques- to him, had died, suddenly and unexpectedly, barely tion: how had he gone from Detroit to Buffalo? On two weeks after Ira had set out from New York. Ira’s learning that he had traveled by the northern route, that mother, not wanting to put a damper on his travel is, through Canada (nonstop, at night, without ever plans, had not informed Ira of the death when it having left the train or known that it went through happened, but, as the first year of traveling drew to a Canada), the inspector arrested him because, having close, she decided that he had to be told. Ira returned made a new entry in the United States after 1924, he to New York promptly.
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