Appendix R - Assessment of Species Vulnerability and Prioritization
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Adaptive Radiations: from Field to Genomic Studies
Adaptive radiations: From field to genomic studies Scott A. Hodges and Nathan J. Derieg1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Adaptive radiations were central to Darwin’s formation of his phenotype–environment correlation, (iii) trait utility, and (iv) theory of natural selection, and today they are still the centerpiece rapid speciation. Monophyly and rapid speciation for many of for many studies of adaptation and speciation. Here, we review the the classic examples of adaptive radiation have been established advantages of adaptive radiations, especially recent ones, for by using molecular techniques [e.g., cichlids (4), Galapagos detecting evolutionary trends and the genetic dissection of adap- finches (5, 6), and Hawaiian silverswords (7)]. Ecological and tive traits. We focus on Aquilegia as a primary example of these manipulative experiments are used to identify and test pheno- advantages and highlight progress in understanding the genetic type–environmental correlations and trait utility. Ultimately, basis of flower color. Phylogenetic analysis of Aquilegia indicates such studies have pointed to the link between divergent natural that flower color transitions proceed by changes in the types of selection and reproductive isolation and, thus, speciation (3). anthocyanin pigments produced or their complete loss. Biochem- Studies of adaptive radiations have exploded during the last 20 ical, crossing, and gene expression studies have provided a wealth years. In a search of the ISI Web of Science with ‘‘adaptive of information about the genetic basis of these transitions in radiation’’ (limited to the subject area of evolutionary biology) Aquilegia. To obtain both enzymatic and regulatory candidate we found 80 articles published in 2008 compared with only 1 in genes for the entire flavonoid pathway, which produces antho- 1990. -
Other Botanical Resource Assessment
USDA Forest Service Tahoe National Forest District Yuba River Ranger District OTHER BOTANICAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Yuba Project 08/01/2017 Prepared by: Date: Courtney Rowe, District Botanist TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 TNF Watch List Botanical Species ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Summary of Analysis Procedure .................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Project Compliance ..................................................................................................................... 2 2 Special Status Plant Communities ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Project Compliance ..................................................................................................................... 5 3 Special Management Designations ..................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 6 3.2 Project Compliance .................................................................................................................... -
The Effects of Fossorial Mammals on Alpine Treeline
THE EFFECTS OF FOSSORIAL MAMMALS ON ALPINE TREELINE DYNAMICS IN THE AMERICAN WEST DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of PHILOSOPHY by Clayton J. Whitesides, B.S., M.S. San Marcos, Texas August 2012 THE EFFECTS OF FOSSORIAL MAMMALS ON ALPINE TREELINE DYNAMICS IN THE AMERICAN WEST Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ David R. Butler, Chair ______________________________ Nathan A. Currit ______________________________ Richard W. Dixon ______________________________ George P. Malanson Approved: _______________________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College COPYRIGHT by Clayton James Whitesides 2012 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Clayton J. Whitesides, refuse permission to copy in excess of the “Fair Use” exemption without my written permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The culmination of this project has taken place over several years and has been, at times, a source of joy and at others, a source of consternation. During these times, I have received much support from a variety of people who deserve acknowledgement. First, I would like to recognize my committee members. Occasionally, they were the source of my consternation , but more often than not, they provided sound advice that enabled me to complete my degree. -
Oak Resources Management Plan
EXHIBIT A El Dorado County Oak Resources Managenient Plan September 2017 El Dorado County Community Development Agency Long Range Planning Division 2850 Fairlane Court, Placerville, CA 95667 OAK RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... l 1.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................1 1.2 Goals and Objectives of Plan .................................................................................2 1.3 Oak Resources in El Dorado County .....................................................................3 1.3.1 Oak Woodlands ........................................................................................... .3 1.3 .2 Oak Trees .................................................................................................... .4 1.4 Economic Activity, Land, and Ecosystem Values of Oak Resources ....................4 1.5 State-level Regulations ...........................................................................................4 2.0 Oak Resources Impact Mitigation Requirements .........................................................6 2.1 Applicability, Exemptions and Mitigation Reductions ..........................................6 2.1.1 Single-Family Lot Exemption...................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Fire Safe Activities Exemption ....................................................................6 -
Extended Phylogeny of Aquilegia: the Biogeographical and Ecological Patterns of Two Simultaneous but Contrasting Radiations
Plant Syst Evol (2010) 284:171–185 DOI 10.1007/s00606-009-0243-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Extended phylogeny of Aquilegia: the biogeographical and ecological patterns of two simultaneous but contrasting radiations Jesu´s M. Bastida • Julio M. Alca´ntara • Pedro J. Rey • Pablo Vargas • Carlos M. Herrera Received: 29 April 2009 / Accepted: 25 October 2009 / Published online: 4 December 2009 Ó Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Studies of the North American columbines respective lineages. The genus originated between 6.18 (Aquilegia, Ranunculaceae) have supported the view that and 6.57 million years (Myr) ago, with the main pulses of adaptive radiations in animal-pollinated plants proceed diversification starting around 3 Myr ago both in Europe through pollinator specialisation and floral differentiation. (1.25–3.96 Myr ago) and North America (1.42–5.01 Myr However, although the diversity of pollinators and floral ago). The type of habitat occupied shifted more often in morphology is much lower in Europe and Asia than in the Euroasiatic lineage, while pollination vectors shifted North America, the number of columbine species is more often in the Asiatic-North American lineage. similar in the three continents. This supports the Moreover, while allopatric speciation predominated in the hypothesis that habitat and pollinator specialisation have European lineage, sympatric speciation acted in the North contributed differently to the radiation of columbines in American one. In conclusion, the radiation of columbines different continents. To establish the basic background to in Europe and North America involved similar rates of test this hypothesis, we expanded the molecular phylog- diversification and took place simultaneously and inde- eny of the genus to include a representative set of species pendently. -
Ferns of the National Forests in Alaska
Ferns of the National Forests in Alaska United States Forest Service R10-RG-182 Department of Alaska Region June 2010 Agriculture Ferns abound in Alaska’s two national forests, the Chugach and the Tongass, which are situated on the southcentral and southeastern coast respectively. These forests contain myriad habitats where ferns thrive. Most showy are the ferns occupying the forest floor of temperate rainforest habitats. However, ferns grow in nearly all non-forested habitats such as beach meadows, wet meadows, alpine meadows, high alpine, and talus slopes. The cool, wet climate highly influenced by the Pacific Ocean creates ideal growing conditions for ferns. In the past, ferns had been loosely grouped with other spore-bearing vascular plants, often called “fern allies.” Recent genetic studies reveal surprises about the relationships among ferns and fern allies. First, ferns appear to be closely related to horsetails; in fact these plants are now grouped as ferns. Second, plants commonly called fern allies (club-mosses, spike-mosses and quillworts) are not at all related to the ferns. General relationships among members of the plant kingdom are shown in the diagram below. Ferns & Horsetails Flowering Plants Conifers Club-mosses, Spike-mosses & Quillworts Mosses & Liverworts Thirty of the fifty-four ferns and horsetails known to grow in Alaska’s national forests are described and pictured in this brochure. They are arranged in the same order as listed in the fern checklist presented on pages 26 and 27. 2 Midrib Blade Pinnule(s) Frond (leaf) Pinna Petiole (leaf stalk) Parts of a fern frond, northern wood fern (p. -
Pala Park Habitat Assessment
Pala Park Bank Stabilization Project: Geotechnical Exploration TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1.0 COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE ATTACHMENTS Biological Report Summary Report (Attachment E-3) Level of Significance Checklist (Attachment E-4) Biological Resources Map (Attachment E-5) Site Photographs (Attachment E-6) SECTION 2.0 HABITAT ASSESSMENT General Site Information ............................................................................................................... 1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 4 Special Status Resources ............................................................................................................. 8 Other Issues ................................................................................................................................ 14 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 14 References .................................................................................................................................. 16 LIST OF TABLES Page 1 Special Status Plant Species Known to Occur in the Vicinity of the Survey Area ........... 10 2 Chaparral Sand-Verbena Populations Observed in the Survey Area ............................. 12 3 Paniculate Tarplant -
Bibliography
Bibliography Abella, S. R. 2010. Disturbance and plant succession in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of the American Southwest. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7:1248—1284. Abella, S. R., D. J. Craig, L. P. Chiquoine, K. A. Prengaman, S. M. Schmid, and T. M. Embrey. 2011. Relationships of native desert plants with red brome (Bromus rubens): Toward identifying invasion-reducing species. Invasive Plant Science and Management 4:115—124. Abella, S. R., N. A. Fisichelli, S. M. Schmid, T. M. Embrey, D. L. Hughson, and J. Cipra. 2015. Status and management of non-native plant invasion in three of the largest national parks in the United States. Nature Conservation 10:71—94. Available: https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.10.4407 Abella, S. R., A. A. Suazo, C. M. Norman, and A. C. Newton. 2013. Treatment alternatives and timing affect seeds of African mustard (Brassica tournefortii), an invasive forb in American Southwest arid lands. Invasive Plant Science and Management 6:559—567. Available: https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00022.1 Abrahamson, I. 2014. Arctostaphylos manzanita. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Fire Effects Information System (Online). plants/shrub/arcman/all.html Ackerman, T. L. 1979. Germination and survival of perennial plant species in the Mojave Desert. The Southwestern Naturalist 24:399—408. Adams, A. W. 1975. A brief history of juniper and shrub populations in southern Oregon. Report No. 6. Oregon State Wildlife Commission, Corvallis, OR. Adams, L. 1962. Planting depths for seeds of three species of Ceanothus. -
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerfield, J., and J. Wen. 2002. A morphometric analysis of Hedera L. (the ivy genus, Araliaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Adansonia 24: 197-212. Adams, P. 1961. Observations on the Sagittaria subulata complex. Rhodora 63: 247-265. Adams, R.M. II, and W.J. Dress. 1982. Nodding Lilium species of eastern North America (Liliaceae). Baileya 21: 165-188. Adams, R.P. 1986. Geographic variation in Juniperus silicicola and J. virginiana of the Southeastern United States: multivariant analyses of morphology and terpenoids. Taxon 35: 31-75. ------. 1995. Revisionary study of Caribbean species of Juniperus (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 78: 134-150. ------, and T. Demeke. 1993. Systematic relationships in Juniperus based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Taxon 42: 553-571. Adams, W.P. 1957. A revision of the genus Ascyrum (Hypericaceae). Rhodora 59: 73-95. ------. 1962. Studies in the Guttiferae. I. A synopsis of Hypericum section Myriandra. Contr. Gray Herbarium Harv. 182: 1-51. ------, and N.K.B. Robson. 1961. A re-evaluation of the generic status of Ascyrum and Crookea (Guttiferae). Rhodora 63: 10-16. Adams, W.P. 1973. Clusiaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62-71. Adler, L. 1999. Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute weed). Chinquapin 7: 4. Aedo, C., J.J. Aldasoro, and C. Navarro. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Batrachioidea and Divaricata (Geraniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 594-630. Affolter, J.M. 1985. A monograph of the genus Lilaeopsis (Umbelliferae). Systematic Bot. Monographs 6. Ahles, H.E., and A.E. -
Summer 2009 33(2).Qxd
Aquilegia Newsletter of the Colorado Native Plant Society “. dedicated to the appreciation and conservation of the Colorado native flora” Carex Workshop and Field Trip with Dr. Tony Reznicek by Pamela Smith (President), Northern Chapter separating Colorado carices into groupings that greatly simplifies field identification. The handout is available from Leo P. Last summer, Dr. Anton A. (Tony) Reznicek led two days of Bruederle, who organized this event. This information also helps workshops which, coupled with a daylong field trip, provided tips one to focus on particular characteristics of each species. In the for field identification of sedges, specifically those in the oft- field, we learned additional pointers and characters for identifying intimidating genus Carex. Dr. Reznicek serves as the Assistant over 20 species of Colorado sedges that are included in this report. Director, Research Scientist, and Curator of the University of A highlight of the field trip was finding a species that is new Michigan Herbarium in Ann Arbor. to Colorado. Carex conoidea is largely an eastern species, extend- The workshops, which were presented on consecutive days at ing west to Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri, with disjunct popula- the UC Denver Downtown Campus, included a slide presentation tions in Arizona, New Mexico, and now Colorado. However, it is on the sedge family (Cyperaceae), including the evolutionary his- never common and is listed as state threatened or endangered in tory of the perigynium, a distinctive and unusual structure that is five eastern states (USDA PLANTS Database). diagnostic for the genus Carex (Note: Kobresia in our flora has a With approximately 2,000 species of Carex in the world, this similar structure.). -
Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area Land Management Plan
Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area Land Management Plan PREPARED BY SUSTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL INC FOR THE California Department of Fish and Game North Central Region December 2009 SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY INITIATIVE rptfic'iii Printed on sustainable paper products COVER: Appleton Utopia Forest Stewardship Council certified by Smartwood (a Rainforest Alliance program), ISO 14001 Registered Environmental Management System, EPA SmartWay Transport Partner Interior pages: Navigator Hybrid 85%-100% recycled post consumer waste blended with virgin fiber, Forest Stewarship Council certified chain of custody, ISO 14001 Registered Environmental Management System, 80% energy from renewable resources Divider pages (main body): Domtar Colors Sustainable Forest Initiative fiber sourcing certified, 30% post consumer waste Divider pages (appendices): Hammermill Fore MP 30% post consumer waste PDF VERSION DESIGNED FOR DUPLEX PRINTING State of California The Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area Land Management Plan Sierra and Lassen Counties, California UPDATED: DECEMBER 2009 PREPARED FOR: California Department of Fish and Game North Central Region Headquarters 1701 Nimbus Road, Suite A Rancho Cordova, California 95670 Attention: Terri Weist 530.644.5980 PREPARED BY: Sustain Environmental Inc. 3104 "O" Street #164 Sacramento, California 95816 916.457.1856 APPRnvFn RY- Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area Land Management Plan Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................i -
Draft Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland
NATIONAL SYSTEM OF PUBLIC LANDS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. Department of the Interior March 2020 BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Draft Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin Volume 3: Appendices B through N Estimated Lead Agency Total Costs Associated with Developing and Producing this EIS $2,000,000 The Bureau of Land Management’s multiple-use mission is to sustain the health and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. The Bureau accomplishes this by managing such activities as outdoor recreation, livestock grazing, mineral development, and energy production, and by conserving natural, historical, cultural, and other resources on public lands. Appendix B. Acronyms, Literature Cited, Glossary B.1 ACRONYMS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Full Phrase ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation AML appropriate management level ARMPA Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment BCR bird conservation region BLM Bureau of Land Management BSU biologically significant unit CEQ Council on Environmental Quality EIS environmental impact statement EPA US Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act ESR emergency stabilization and rehabilitation FIAT Fire and Invasives Assessment Tool FLPMA Federal Land Policy and Management Act FY fiscal year GHMA general habitat management area HMA herd management area IBA important bird area IHMA important habitat management area MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act MOU memorandum of understanding MtCO2e metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NIFC National Interagency Fire Center NRCS National Resources Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NWCG National Wildfire Coordination Group OHMA other habitat management area OHV off-highway vehicle Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin B-1 B.