DOCSLIB.ORG

Entire Issue in One Large Searchable PDF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ti*.**_c{"'" ,..+#4\ .; €t //3s f, ,,i I iJ R,ED POTMCAL POWER {. iv/:i: {.,rt"^*.*- Kurdistan 198615 Kurdiston Kurdistan And ProsPects for For decades Kurdistan has been rising up in arms against national Red Political Power subjugation; now it faces a new conjuncture: what will it take to Ibrahim Kaypakkaya on the Kurdish hoist the red flag, what dif- National l4 ference will it make to the op- Question pressed the world around to set the Kurdish prairie afire with a formidable red peshmerga army? Bonglo Desh Nejimeh Siavush discusses these crucial questions. The Tinderbox of Purba Bangla 27 Why Did Colombia's Government Bomb Its Own Palace of Justice t6 RIM Committee Message to RCP,USA 22 RCP,USA Celebrates 1Oth Anniversary 23 Seizing the Imperialist Citadels 40 Britain: Excerpts from Maniftsto of the Revolutionory Internationalist Contingent 41 Italy: Excerpts.from For the Revolutionary Communist Workers Orgonisation 4l An analysis of the last few years ol growing political ferment in Bangladesh (Purba Bangla), where the U.S.-backed regime is A World lo Win is a quarterly published by World to Win, whose address is: confronted by a broad range of BCM World to Win opposition forces from diverse London WCIN 3XX, U.K. classes. This issue was printed by Russell Press, Bertrand Russell House, Forest Road West, Nottingham, U K February,1986 Subscribe to A World to Win From Kurdiston to Colombio - people oll oround the world reod a&' t: t:acy1y1;4.4,u,. A World to Win. Avoiloble in English, Forsi, Sponish, ltolion, ond Turkish. Bock issues €2 (North Americo: U.S. S4). A World to Win Published Quorterly Subscriptio ns t7 for four issues, U.S. Sl 5 .00 Air moil, institution ond trode rotes ovoiloble upon request. Pleose send your nome, moiling oddress, cheque ond the issue number which to begin your subscriptlon, to: BCM World to Win London WCI N 3XX, U.K. Attention : Subscriptions For North Americon subscriptions, write to: .l0003 Revolution Books, l3 Eost l6th St, New york, Ny U.S.A. ,1Tj ffi#d*ffi dsegru #*tr usr$ .lsffi:q$.{,ir$s rfl.far u*g gs *ffi $q'S ffi$f, YffiS $ffiH *#H ]*ffi; afu;*. ';+ s- f$r Hfq''rj fl- fS*i:$ff fl $i #$ f*i?,f ii .d€ A World To Win hos been inspired by the formotion of the Revolutionory lnternotionolist Movement, onnounc- ed on Morch l2th, 1984, which hos regrouped mony Morxist-Leninist porties ond orgonisotions from oround the world. lt is not on officiol orgon of the RlM. lts poges ore open to oll those on the some sides of ihe borricodes in the {ight ogoinst imperiolism ond reoction. (.{.i L-/ \Nin in English, For- H--.*- A \Norld fo is presently ovoiloble sgb si, ltolion, Sponish ond Turkish. ilsux"' f;--- BS' p,+"x+ ,i*er Step Forword! +"ii* A World to Win connot occomplish its tosks wiihout the +4*we octive support of its reoders. Letters, orticles ond criticism .t$'ao-Y1:ei.$*"31i ore needed ond welcome. Monuscripts should be typed l{r - tslEr;i:ltr double spoced. ln oddition,.we need tronslotors, help fzi,-. *' with distribution (including through commerciol chonnels) to moke this mogozine ovoiloble in os mony couniries os &,+tr,. iv-- R possible, ort work (os well os clippings ond originol +s;E .."s !g-,,,,,,!!{, ffid photos), ond of course {inonciol contributions from those eber'v.d{ .*t.k- who understond the importonce of the coniinued publico- E4s^f t "rbe tion of this mogozine. This includes both individuol con- tributions ond the efforts of those who undertoke the responsibility for roising funds for this mogozine. Send pledges ond donotion cheques mode out to "A World *e&* to \Vin." "b'xex&j& ,!,r{r,_ '&9*i-?i8 Send oll correspondence ond other moteriols to' BCM World to Win $Z b;sgl s -*Sj London WCI N 3XX U.K. -# ,r$f, -r *Fd F-;f #, ffi il: 'WN dt , ie"d$q $"Fg\*r;ig"tild.f3iusd:'ft"efftm-#fl3fl"-1 flJ**;*s f ri e* r*. .* an.. .,; a * re. $ : 4i;t :...- 5 KURDISTAN And Prospects for Red Politicql Power by Nejimeh Siavush "The best songs are sung to the Developments over the past sworn enemies and significantly con- tune of rifles," says one popular several years in Kurdistan and in the tributed to their demise from the revolutionary song. The staccato of region as a whole strikingly confirm Ottoman Empire to the dynasties- of machine guns ricocheting through the truth of this assessment; beyond the Hashemee and Pahlavi the mountain ranges has long been that, they have catapulted the inter- Monarchs. And it continues to be a a familiar feature of the Kurdish national and regional significance of major current that can play an in- landscape which spreads through the Kurdistan, and thus the complgxity dispensable role in initiating and car- countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and of the struggle there, onto a decided- rying out the final ushering in of (a) Turkey. Not only has this been the ly higher plane. This is what compels truly revolutionary state(s) in the native territory of the Kurdish na- veteran executioners of the Kurdish region. Its historical development tional movement for decades, but it people like the French imperialists to has been conditioned by and intert- has also provided favourable scurry around with a garish pretense wined with the momentous interna- political and military terrain for the of concern for the rights of the tional events that have punctuated revolutionary forces fighting to Kurds while the bloc leader, the this century. The First and Second overthrow the reactionary vassal U.S., and its trusted hangmen prefer World Wars and both the inspiring states whose borders divide Kur- genocidal suppression campaigns. victories and the bitter setbacks the distan. And of course, the Soviet social- international proletariat has ex- Since the First World War, the imperialists never pass up an oppor- perienced, particularly in the Soviet Kurdish question has figured pro- tunity to support the Kurds. .like a Union and in China, have exerted a minently in the calculations of the rope supports a hanging man, as profound influence' over the imperialists and their commissioned Lenin once said in another context. development of the movement in puppets to establish and hold on to Clearly the more that objective Kurdistan. their seats of power throughout the developments hurl the Kurdish peo- Furthermore, Lenin's statement Middle East. Although such calcula- ple towards the centre stage of con- that "One of the main features of tions have invariably called for flicts in the region, the more imperialism is that it accelerates vicious national oppression of the variegated becomes the motley array capitalist development in the most Kurds, executed by the lackeys of of "the concerned." This is, at once, backward countries and thereby ex- imperialism and later on of social- both a reflection and a cause of the tends and intensifies the struggle imperialism, they ironically only greatly heightened prospects and against national oppression" ("The helped to create and train a for- difficulties the current situation Military Programme of the Pro- midable enemy with a long history holds for the revolutionary forces in letarian Revolution," CW 23) has of waging armed struggle against Kurdistan. proved to be a valid assessment of oppression and enslavement, in all For many decades now a the historical impetus propelling the parts of Kurdistan. No small credit relentless struggle has held sway revolutionary and national move- will go to the reactionaries when the across the Kurdish landscape. It ment in Kurdistan, which has not armies of red peshmergas charge flares up amidst thunder and gunfire lost but gained momentum in the down the mountains and across the and retreats only to suddenly erupt face of the suppression and annihila- plains from four directions singing again where the enemy expects it tion campaigns Ied against it. their "best songs to the tune of least. A bold revolutionary initiative rifles," orchestrated this time The revolutionary struggle of the based on a critical evaluation of the around by the class-conscious pro- Kurdish people has been on a long movement, of its specific historical letariat. march. It has outlasted many of its character, is urgently demanded of 6 the revolutionary internationalist and therefore unsuccessful, revolu- cipal actors capable of exerting proletariat. This is essential if the tionary movements that the masses powerful influence in determining opening that is greatly magnified by gain experience, acquire knowledge, the resolution of the worldwide con- the increasing instability of the gather strength, and get to know tradictions in the region. crisis-ridden reactionary states, their real leaders, the socialist Considering the highly charged within the overall crisis of the world Irevolutionary communist terrain in Kurdistan, where all con- imperialist system, by the Iraq-Iran AWTA proletarians, and in this tending political forces with their war and by the rapidly intensifying way prepare for the general corresponding ideologies are being rivalry between the war-bound im- onslaught...." (' 'Self- compelled to deploy and manoeuvre perialist and social-imperialist blocs, Determination Sumrned Up," CW troops amid increasing tension and is going to be seized for the revolu- 22) Without overlooking or where issues have a long history of tionary cause of the oppressed. legitimising the past shortcomings being settled by force of arms even With respect to this task and and weaknesses of the international though not often commanded by obligation of the revolutionary com- communist movement and the na- revolutionary proletarian politics, it munist forces in the region, it is in- tional movement in Kurdistan, it can has become absolutely imperative structive to recall one of Lenin's be said that the revolutionary strug- for the genuine proletarian forces to remarks: "The dialectics of history gle has accumulated immeasurable establish and fortify a decisively are such that small nations, valuable experience and acquired the stronger presence.
Recommended publications
  • 2021 Year Ahead

    2021 Year Ahead

    2021 YEAR AHEAD Claudio Brocado Anthony Brocado January 29, 2021 1 2020 turned out to be quite unusual. What may the year ahead and beyond bring? As the year got started, the consensus was that a strong 2019 for equities would be followed by a positive first half, after which meaningful volatility would kick in due to the US presidential election. In the spirit of our prefer- ence for a contrarian stance, we had expected somewhat the opposite: some profit-taking in the first half of 2020, followed by a rally that would result in a positive balance at year-end. But in the way of the markets – which always tend to catch the largest number of participants off guard – we had what some would argue was one of the strangest years in recent memory. 2 2020 turned out to be a very eventful year. The global virus crisis (GVC) brought about by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic was something no serious market observer had anticipated as 2020 got started. Volatility had been all but nonexistent early in what we call ‘the new 20s’, which had led us to expect the few remaining volatile asset classes, such as cryptocurrencies, to benefit from the search for more extreme price swings. We had expected volatilities across asset classes to show some convergence. The markets delivered, but not in the direction we had expected. Volatilities surged higher across many assets, with the CBOE volatility index (VIX) reaching some of the highest readings in many years. As it became clear that what was commonly called the novel coronavirus would bring about a pandemic as it spread to the remotest corners of the world at record speeds, the markets feared the worst.
  • The Chilean Experience ] Chile, Specialising in Issues of Memory and Public Policy on CONTENTS Human Rights

    The Chilean Experience ] Chile, Specialising in Issues of Memory and Public Policy on CONTENTS Human Rights

    MEMORY OF NATIONS Democratic Transition Guide [ The Chilean Experience ] Chile, specialising in issues of memory and public policy on CONTENTS human rights. Previously, he served as a researcher and testi- mony-taker for both iterations of Chile’s second Truth Com- mission, the “Valech Commission”, which documented cases of dictatorship-era political imprisonment and torture. Currently TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM . 3 he teaches on a range of human rights related courses at Chile’s Alberto Hurtado University DISMANTLING THE STATE SECURITY APPARATUS ........................... 8 MARÍA LUISA ORTIZ ROJAS Head of the Collections and Research Department of the Mu- ARCHIVES OF THE REGIME ................ 16 seum of Memory and Human Rights of Chile (MMDH), since January 2010. From 1985 to 2001 she worked at the Corporation LUSTRATION .......................... 24 for the Promotion and Defence of the People’s Rights (CODE- PU) in its Mental Health and Research and Documentation INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION Programs. From 2002 to 2006, she worked as a documentarist OF THE CRIMES OF THE REGIME ........... 28 in the Human Rights Program of the Ministry of the Interior. From 2006 to 2009 she was Advisor in Human Rights, Archives REHABILITATION OF VICTIMS .............. 31 and Information in the Presidential Commission for Human Rights Policies, of Michelle Bachelet’s government, joining in EDUCATION AND PRESERVATION OF SITES 2008, the Museum of Memory project team and responsible for OF CONSCIENCE ........................ 38 the formation of its Collections. TIMELINE OF THE MAJOR EVENTS .......... 46 DANIELA FUENTEALBA RUBIO Sociologist from the University of Arts and Social Sciences in SOURCES USED AND FURTHER READING . 49 Chile (ARCIS). She has been working on memory and human rights from 2004 to present.
  • The Voice 50% English – 50% Spanish MAGAZINE Locally Owned and Operated © 2021 • La Voz Bilingual Newspaper Community Magazine

    The Voice 50% English – 50% Spanish MAGAZINE Locally Owned and Operated © 2021 • La Voz Bilingual Newspaper Community Magazine

    WWW. L AVOZ.US.C om R E V I S T A BILINGÜE F E BRU A RY • 2 0 2 1 PO BOX 3688, SANTA ROSA, CA 95402 VOLUMEN / VOLUME XXI, NÚMER0 / NUMBER 2 50% INGLÉS – 50% ESPAÑOL, una revista comunitario produ- cido y operado en la región. ¡Galería de fotos de La Voz ! ¿Aparece ahí? La Voz photo gallery! 50% IN ENGLISH! Are you there? BILINGUAL visit www.lavoz.us.com The Voice 50% ENGLISH – 50% SPANISH MAGAZINE locally owned and operated © 2021 • La Voz Bilingual Newspaper community magazine. B I L ing U A L MAGAZINE ¡50% EN ESPAÑOL! DOS IDIOMAS, DOS CULTURAS, La Mejor Revista Bilingüe del Norte de California NORTHERN CALIFORNIA’s FOREMOST BILINGUAL MAGAZINE UN ENTENDIMIENTO TWO langUages, TWO CULTURES, ONE UNDERSTANDING RESIDENCIA LEGAL PERMANENTE EN EE.UU. A TRAVÉS DE UNA PETICIÓN FAMILIAR A PESAR DE TENER PRESENCIA ILEGAL EN los EE.UU Por Liliana Gallelli, Licensiada Muchas personas que califican para la residencia esta- dounidense en base a sus relaciones con ciudadanos estadounidenses o familiares residentes legales perma- nentes deben salir de los Estados Unidos para solicitar su visa de residencia en el extranjero, pero tan pronto como parten, se les prohíbe inmediatamente volver a ingresar al país para un período de tiempo. ¿QUÉ SON las BARRAS DE TRES Y DIEZ AÑOS? Las prohibiciones de tres y diez años fueron creadas como parte de la Ley de Reforma de la Inmigración Ilegal y Responsabilidad del Inmigrante (IIRAIRA) de 1996. El estatuto impone prohibiciones de reingreso a los inmigrantes que acumulan “presencia ilegal” en los EE.UU., salen del país , y desea volver a ingresar legalmente.
  • The Left in Europe

    The Left in Europe

    ContentCornelia Hildebrandt / Birgit Daiber (ed.) The Left in Europe Political Parties and Party Alliances between Norway and Turkey Cornelia Hildebrandt / Birgit Daiber (ed.): The Left in Europe. Political Parties and Party Alliances between Norway and Turkey A free paperback copy of this publication in German or English can be ordered by email to [email protected]. © Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Brussels Office 2009 2 Content Preface 5 Western Europe Paul-Emile Dupret 8 Possibilities and Limitations of the Anti-Capitalist Left in Belgium Cornelia Hildebrandt 18 Protests on the Streets of France Sascha Wagener 30 The Left in Luxemburg Cornelia Weissbach 41 The Left in The Netherlands Northern Europe Inger V. Johansen 51 Denmark - The Social and Political Left Pertti Hynynen / Anna Striethorst 62 Left-wing Parties and Politics in Finland Dag Seierstad 70 The Left in Norway: Politics in a Centre-Left Government Henning Süßer 80 Sweden: The Long March to a coalition North Western Europe Thomas Kachel 87 The Left in Brown’s Britain – Towards a New Realignment? Ken Ahern / William Howard 98 Radical Left Politics in Ireland: Sinn Féin Central Europe Leo Furtlehner 108 The Situation of the Left in Austria 3 Stanislav Holubec 117 The Radical Left in Czechia Cornelia Hildebrandt 130 DIE LINKE in Germany Holger Politt 143 Left-wing Parties in Poland Heiko Kosel 150 The Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) Southern Europe Mimmo Porcaro 158 The Radical Left in Italy between national Defeat and European Hope Dominic Heilig 166 The Spanish Left
  • Political Finance and the Equal Participation of Women in Colombia: a Situation Analysis

    Political Finance and the Equal Participation of Women in Colombia: a Situation Analysis

    Political finance and the equal participation of women in Colombia: a situation analysis The impact of economic resources on the political participation of women has become a prominent issue in the field of comparative political finance. In recent Kevin Casas-Zamora and Elin Falguera years, there has been a growing recognition that politics dominated by money is, more often than not, politics dominated by men. It is not surprising that the issue has moved to the forefront of debates on gender and political finance. This report assesses the extent to which political finance is a significant obstacle to women running for political office. It focuses on the experience of Colombia, a country that, like many other Latin American countries, continues to struggle with the legacies of pervasive social, economic and political inequality that disproportionately affect women. It explores the role of political finance in hindering women’s access to political power and its relative weight with respect to other obstacles to women’s political participation. It also suggests a number of institutional changes that might ameliorate some of the problems identified, while being fully cognizant of the limits to institutional change recasting deep-rooted gender imbalances. International IDEA NIMD Strömsborg Passage 31 SE-103 34 Stockholm 2511 AB The Hague Sweden The Netherlands T +46 (0) 8 698 37 00 T +31 (0)70 311 54 64 F +46 (0) 8 20 24 22 F +31 (0)70 311 54 65 [email protected] [email protected] www.idea.int www.nimd.org About the organizations About the authors International IDEA Kevin Casas-Zamora is a Senior Fellow and Director of the Peter D.
  • Programmatic Political Competition in Latin America: Recognizing the Role Played by Political Parties in Determining the Nature of Party-Voter Linkages

    Programmatic Political Competition in Latin America: Recognizing the Role Played by Political Parties in Determining the Nature of Party-Voter Linkages

    Programmatic Political Competition in Latin America: Recognizing the Role Played by Political Parties in Determining the Nature of Party-Voter Linkages A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Kevin Edward Lucas IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY David J. Samuels October 2015 © Kevin Edward Lucas, 2015 Acknowledgements While researching and writing this dissertation, I benefited greatly from the assistance and support of a seemingly endless list of individuals. Although I extend my most sincere gratitude to every single person who in one way or another contributed to my completion of the pages that follow, I do want to single out a few individuals for their help along the way. It is very unlikely that the unexpected development of programmatic party-voter linkages in El Salvador would have made it onto my radar as a potential dissertation topic had the Peace Corps not sent me to that beautiful yet complicated country in June 2001. During the nearly five years I spent living and working in La Laguna, Chalatenango, I had the good fortune of meeting a number of people who were more than willing to share their insights into Salvadoran politics with the resident gringo . There is no question in my mind that my understanding of Salvadoran politics would be far more incomplete, and this dissertation far less interesting, without the education I received from my conversations with Concepción Ayala and family, Señor Godoy, Don Bryan (RIP), Don Salomón Serrano ( QEPD ), and the staff of La Laguna’s Alcaldía Municipal .
  • 6 November 2017 Expected Participants

    6 November 2017 Expected Participants

    6 November 2017 Expected Participants Conference of the Progressive Alliance: Empowering the people: Our agenda for a democratic, inclusive and sustainable society 10 – 11 November 2017, San José, Costa Rica Argentina Eduardo Di Pollina Socialist Party (PS) Ruben Gallasi Argentina Claudio Marcelo Ferreira GEN Party- Generation for a Ricardo Héctor Vázquez National Encounter Australia Trudy Jackson Australian Labor Party (ALP) Burkina Faso Moussa Boly Movement of People for Progress (MPP) Cameroon Joshua Osih Social Democratic Front (SDF) Canada Robert Fox New Democratic Party (NDP) Chile Pablo Velozo Socialist Party of Chile (PS) Chile German Pino Party for Democracy (PPD) Costa Rica Marcia González Citizens’ Action Party of Carlos Andrés Alvarado Quesada Costa Rica (PAC) Margarita Bolaños Arquin Nielsen Pérez Mariano Salas Marissa Batalla Jorge Zeledón Priscilla Zuñiga Ronald Flores Grace García Rocío Abarca Angel Madrigal Fabiana Jenkins Gerardo Fumero Jorge Polimeni Democratic Republic of Joakim Mukuasa Congo Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS) Dominican Republic Rafael Báez Perèz Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM) Germany Elke Ferner Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 2 Great Britain Iain McNicol Labour Party Andrew Fisher Iraq Sadi Pire Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Ismael Ezat Sabir (PUK) Ali Zana Israel Eran Hermoni Labour Party Israel Esawi Frej Meretz Party Morocco Fadwa Rajouani Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) Mexico Jesús Zambrano Party of the Democratic José Irán Moreno Santos Revolution (PRD) Juan Carlos
  • Casebook on Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare Volume Ii: 1962–2009

    Casebook on Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare Volume Ii: 1962–2009

    CASEBOOK ON INSURGENCY AND REVOLUTIONARY WARFARE VOLUME II: 1962–2009 27 APRIL 2012 United States Army Special Operations Command CASEBOOK ON INSURGENCY AND REVOLUTIONARY WARFARE VOLUME II: 1962–2009 Paul J. Tompkins Jr., USASOC Project Lead Chuck Crossett, Editor United States Army Special Operations Command and The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory National Security Analysis Department In a rare spare moment during a training exercise, the Operational Detachment-Alpha (ODA) Team Sergeant took an old book down from the shelf and tossed it into the young Green Beret’s lap. “Read and learn.” The book on human factors considerations in insurgencies was already more than twenty years old and very out of vogue. But the younger sergeant soon became engrossed and took other forgotten revolution-related texts off the shelf, including the 1962 Casebook on Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare, which described the organization of undergrounds and the motivations and behaviors of revolutionaries. He became a student of the history of unconventional warfare and soon championed its revival as a teaching subject for the US Army Special Forces. When his country faced pop-up resistance in Iraq and tenacious guerrilla bands in Afghanistan during the mid-2000s, his vision of modernizing the research and reintroducing it into standard education and training took hold. This second volume owes its creation to the vision of that young Green Beret, Paul Tompkins, and to the challenge that his sergeant, Ed Brody, threw into his lap. i FOREWORD Unconventional Warfare is the core mission and organizing principle for US Army Special Forces. The Army is the only military organization specifically trained and organized to wage Unconventional Warfare.
  • New Latin American Left : Utopia Reborn

    New Latin American Left : Utopia Reborn

    Barrett 00 Prelims.qxd 31/07/2008 14:41 Page i THE NEW LATIN AMERICAN LEFT Barrett 00 Prelims.qxd 31/07/2008 14:41 Page ii Transnational Institute Founded in 1974, the Transnational Institute (TNI) is an international network of activist-scholars committed to critical analyses of the global problems of today and tomorrow, with a view to providing intellectual support to those movements concerned to steer the world in a democratic, equitable and environmentally sustainable direction. In the spirit of public scholarship, and aligned to no political party, TNI seeks to create and promote international co-operation in analysing and finding possible solu- tions to such global problems as militarism and conflict, poverty and marginalisation, social injustice and environmental degradation. Email: [email protected] Website: www.tni.org Telephone + 31 20 662 66 08 Fax + 31 20 675 71 76 De Wittenstraat 25 1052 AK Amsterdam The Netherlands Barrett 00 Prelims.qxd 31/07/2008 14:41 Page iii The New Latin American Left Utopia Reborn Edited by Patrick Barrett, Daniel Chavez and César Rodríguez-Garavito Barrett 00 Prelims.qxd 31/07/2008 14:41 Page iv First published 2008 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Patrick Barrett, Daniel Chavez and César Rodríguez-Garavito 2008 The right of the individual contributors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7453 2639 9 Hardback ISBN 978 0 7453 2677 1 Paperback Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
  • Mise En Page 1

    Mise En Page 1

    Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2009 CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS VOLUME 43 Published annually in English and French since 1967, the Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections reports on all national legislative elections held throughout the world during a given year. It includes information on the electoral system, the back- ground and outcome of each election as well as statistics on the results, distri- bution of votes and distribution of seats according to political group, sex and age. The information contained in the Chronicle can also be found in the IPU's data- base on national parliaments, PARLINE. PARLINE is accessible on the IPU web site (http://www.ipu.org/parline) and is continually updated. Inter-Parliamentary Union VOLUME 43 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva – Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 2009 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org 2009 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections VOLUME 43 1 January - 31 December 2009 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2010 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X Photo credits Front cover: Photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Back cover: Photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Inter-Parliamentary Union Office of the Permanent Observer of 5, chemin du Pommier the IPU to the United Nations Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Geneva — Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017 USA Tel.: + 41 22 919 41 50 Tel.: +1 212 557 58 80 Fax:
  • Opposition Parties and Elite Co-Optation in Electoral Autocracies

    Opposition Parties and Elite Co-Optation in Electoral Autocracies

    INSTITUTE Opposition Parties and Elite Co-optation in Electoral Autocracies Berker Kavasoglu May 2021 Working Paper SERIES 2021:120 THE VARIETIES OF DEMOCRACY INSTITUTE Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualization and measurement of democracy. The headquarters – the V-Dem Institute – is based at the University of Gothenburg with 23 staff. The project includes a worldwide team with 5 Principal Investigators, 19 Project Managers, 33 Regional Managers, 134 Country Coordinators, Research Assistants, and 3,500 Country Experts. The V-Dem project is one of the largest ever social science research-oriented data collection programs. Please address comments and/or queries for information to: V-Dem Institute Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg Sprängkullsgatan 19, Box 711 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden E-mail: [email protected] V-Dem Working Papers are available in electronic format at www.v-dem.net. Copyright ©2021 by authors. All rights reserved. Opposition Parties and Elite Co-optation in Electoral Autocracies Berker Kavasoglu∗ Abstract Autocratic incumbents often attempt to co-opt select opposition party leaders to minimize threats to their rule. While the literature identifies co-optation of opposition party leaders as an important survival strategy of autocrats in electoral autocracies, we lack a systematic examination of why some opposition party leaders are co-opted but not others. This article argues that opposition party co-optation is shaped by both inter- and intra-party dynamics. Using a novel data set on opposition party organizations in electoral autocracies between 1970 and 2019, I show that opposition parties with high mobilizational capacity and those that devolve internal decision-making authority from the party leadership to lower cadres are less likely to be co-opted, especially when they are ideological distant from autocratic incumbents.
  • ESS6 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed

    ESS6 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed

    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS6 - 2012 ed. 2.1 Albania 2 Belgium 3 Bulgaria 6 Cyprus 10 Czechia 11 Denmark 13 Estonia 14 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Israel 27 Italy 29 Kosovo 31 Lithuania 33 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 43 Russian Federation 45 Slovakia 47 Slovenia 48 Spain 49 Sweden 52 Switzerland 53 Ukraine 56 United Kingdom 57 Albania 1. Political parties Language used in data file: Albanian Year of last election: 2009 Official party names, English 1. Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë (PS) - The Socialist Party of Albania - 40,85 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë (PD) - The Democratic Party of Albania - 40,18 % election: 3. Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim (LSI) - The Socialist Movement for Integration - 4,85 % 4. Partia Republikane e Shqipërisë (PR) - The Republican Party of Albania - 2,11 % 5. Partia Socialdemokrate e Shqipërisë (PSD) - The Social Democratic Party of Albania - 1,76 % 6. Partia Drejtësi, Integrim dhe Unitet (PDIU) - The Party for Justice, Integration and Unity - 0,95 % 7. Partia Bashkimi për të Drejtat e Njeriut (PBDNJ) - The Unity for Human Rights Party - 1,19 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë), is a social- above democratic political party in Albania; it is the leading opposition party in Albania. It seated 66 MPs in the 2009 Albanian parliament (out of a total of 140). It achieved power in 1997 after a political crisis and governmental realignment. In the 2001 General Election it secured 73 seats in the Parliament, which enabled it to form the Government.