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Life-History Traits of Pool Barb Puntius Sophore (Cyprinidae) in Different Ecosystems of Bangladesh

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Life-History Traits of Pool Barb Puntius Sophore (Cyprinidae) in Different Ecosystems of Bangladesh Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (07), July 2018, pp. 1446-1454 Life-history traits of Pool barb Puntius sophore (Cyprinidae) in different ecosystems of Bangladesh Md. Yeamin Hossain*1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, 1Fairuz Nawer, 1Dalia Khatun, 1Most. Farida Parvin, 1Obaidur Rahman, 2Zoarder Faruque Ahmed & 3Ferdous Ahamed 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh 2Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh [E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]] Received 20 July 2016 ; revised 03 August 2017 This study describes the life history traits of Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) including, length frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, KA; Fulton′s, KF; relative, KR and relative weight, WR), form factor (a3.0), first sexual maturity (Lm) and natural mortality (MW) from different ecosystems of Bangladesh. The LFDs were significantly different between the ecosystems (P < 0.001). Allometric coefficient (b) of LWRs (TL vs. BW) indicated positive allometric growth in the Padma River and in the earthen pond (b > 3.0), but isometric growth was found in the Khoilla beel (b ≈ 3). All LWRs were highly significant (P < 0.001) with all r2 values are ≥ 0.931. The ANCOVA stated that, the LWRs were significantly difference between the ecosystems (P < 0.001). In the present study KF was best for assessing the wellbeing of this species in the surrounding ecosystems. The WR was not significantly different from 100 indicating the habitats were still in good condition for P. sophore. Calculated a3.0 were 0.0162, 0.0225 and 0.0125 in the River, pond and beel, correspondingly. The estimated Lm was 5.60 cm -1 TL in River, 6.30 cm TL in pond and 4.90 cm TL in beel and MW was 1.45, 1.48 and 1.81 year in the River, pond, beel respectively. The findings i.e. growth pattern, relative weight, size at sexual maturity, mortality etc. of this study will be effective for the implications of sustainable management policies and to initiate stock assessment practices in the worldwide different ecosystem. [Keywords: Pool barb, Puntius sophore, Life history traits, Padma River, Bangladesh] Introduction Life-history traits including length-frequency Pool barb, Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822), is distribution 16,17,18, length-weight relationship 19,20,21, extensively distributed throughout the Indian sub- length-length relationship 22,23, condition factors 24, continent including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, form factor 25, size at sexual maturity 26 and natural India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan1, 2. The P. sophore mortality 27 of many fish species from Bangladesh are inhabits both fresh- and brackish- water including, well documented. However, to the best of author's rivers, streams, ponds, beels, floodplains, baors, haors knowledge, the complete description on life-history and in sub-montane regions3, 4.This fish is a vital source traits of P. sophore from different ecosystem is still of animal protein and micronutrients, also important rare. Therefore, this study reported the first complete in preventing malnutrition, vitamin and mineral and instructive description of life-history traits deficiencies especially in rural communities of including length frequency distribution (LFDs), Bangladesh5,6. It is an important target species for length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length small scale fishers7, and also used as an aquarium fish relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, 8 . In present, the P. sophore is diminishing rapidly due KA; Fulton′s, KF; relative, KR), relative weight (WR), to reckless fishing and other ecological changes to form factor (a3.0), size at first sexual maturity (Lm), 9,10,11,12,13 their surroundings . and natural mortality (Mw) of P. sophore from three Information on life-history traits of P. sophore is different ecosystem (River, pond, beel) of Bangladesh essential for the sustainable management and using individuals with small to large body sizes. conservation of this species in their natural habitat, In addition, this study presents form factor and size at whose spawning aggregations are heavily exploited first sexual maturity of P. sophore from worldwide by local fishers14,15. different water bodies. HOSSAIN et al.: POOL BARB PUNTIUS SOPHORE (CYPRINIDAE) 1447 Materials and Methods relative condition factor (KR) for each individual was 31 b This study was conducted in the (i) Ganges River, calculated via the equation of : KR = W/(a×TL ) known as Padma River (Latitude 24°22′ N; Longitude where W is the body weight (BW in g) TL is the total 88°35′ E) in Bangladesh, (ii) L-shaped earthen pond length (TL in cm), a and b are the LWRs parameter. in Campus of the University of Rajshahi (Latitude The relative weight was calculated by the equation o o o o 28 24 22′ N; 88 38′), and Khoilla beel (24 60′ N; 88 59′) given by , as: WR = (W/WS) × 100, where W is the in Bangladesh. weight of a particular individual and WS is the The samples were collected from the fishermen predicted standard weight for the same individual as b catch at different parts (Godagari: 24°26′ N, 88°19′ E calculated by WS = a*TL , where a and b values were and Saheb bazaar: 24°20′ N, 88°34′ E) of the Padma obtained from the relationships between TL and BW. River and from Khoilla beel, but the samples were The form factor of this species was calculated 28 log a-s(b-3) harvested by ourselves from the L-shaped earthen using the equation given by as: a3.0 = 10 , pond of the University of Rajshahi. Fishes were where a and b are regression parameter of LWR and s collected from fishermen's catch that were caught is the regression slope of ln a vs. b. using different types of traditional fishing gears, The size at first sexual maturity of P. sophore was including cast net, square lift net, gill net from May calculated using the equation, log (Lm) = -0.1189 + 32 2014 to April 2015. Fresh samples (dead fish) were 0.9157* log (Lmax) in the different ecosystems immediately chilled in ice on site and fixed with 10% separately. The natural mortality of P. sophore was -1 -0.25 33 alcohol upon arrival in the laboratory. Total length calculated using the model, MW = 1.92 year *(W) ; (TL), fork length (FL), and standard length (SL) were where, MW = Natural mortality at mass W, and W = measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using digital slide a*TLb, a and b are regression parameters of LWR. calipers and total body weight (BW) was measured Statistical analyses were done using GraphPad using an electronic balance with 0.1 g accuracy for Prism 6.5 software. Tests for normality of each group each individual. were conducted by visual assessment of histograms The length frequency distributions (LFDs) for and box plots and confirmed with the Saprio-Wilk P. sophore were constructed using 1 cm intervals of TL. normality-test. The one sample test was used to 34 The LWR was calculated using the equation: compare the mean relative weight (WR) with 100 . W = a× Lb, where W is the body weight (BW in g) and The Spearman rank correlation test was used to L is the length (TL, FL and SL in cm). Parameters a analyze the relationship between the morphometric and b were estimated by linear regression analyses indices (Condition factors) with TL and BW. In based on natural logarithms: ln(W) = ln(a) + b ln(L). addition, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test Additionally, 95% confidence limits of a and b and was used to TL and BW between sexes. Furthermore, 2 the co-efficient of determination r were estimated. the LWRs were compared by the analysis of 28 According to , prior to the regression analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). All statistical analyses were ln BW on ln TL, ln-ln plots of length and weight considered significant at 5% (P < 0.05). values were performed for visual inspection of outliers, with extremes being omitted from the Results regression analyses. A t-test was used to confirm In our study, Table 1 illustrates the descriptive whether b values obtained in the linear regressions statistics on the length and weight measurements of P. were significantly different from the isometric value sophore with their 95% confidence limit (CL). LFDs 29 (b = 3) . Furthermore, LLRs including TL vs. FL; TL vs. of P. sophore showed that, the smallest and largest SL and SL vs. FL relationships were estimated by linear specimens were 5.20 cm to 8.80 cm total length (TL) regression 17. in the River, 5.50 cm to 10.0 cm TL in the pond and The allometric condition factor (KA) was calculated 3.70 to 7.60 cm TL in the beel. TL frequency 30 b using the equation of : KA = W/TL , where W is the distribution showed that, 7.00−7.99 cm TL size body weight (BW, g), TL is the total length (TL, cm) group was numerically dominant and constituted and b is the LWRs parameter. The Fulton′s condition about 53.0% of the total population in the River and factor (KF) was calculated using the equation: KF = 49.0% of the total population in the pond. In addition 100 × (W/TL3), where W is the body weight (BW, g), 6.00−6.99 cm TL size group was dominant in the and TL is the total length (TL, cm). The scaling factor, beel and constituted 36.0% of the total population 100 was used to bring the KF close to unit.
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