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2018 PFMC Research and Data Needs Document

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2018 PFMC Research and Data Needs Document RESEARCH AND DATA NEEDS 2018 PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL 7700 NE AMBASSADOR PLACE, SUITE 101 PORTLAND, OR 97220 503-820-2280 WWW.PCOUNCIL.ORG SEPTEMBER 2018 This document is published by the Pacific Fishery Management Council pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number FNA10NMF4410014. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 SCHEDULE OF DOCUMENT DEVELOPMENT AND REVIEW .............................................................................. 1 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION ......................................................................................................................... 2 COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION ........................................................................................................ 2 2.0 ECOSYSTEM-BASED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 PROGRESS ON HIGHEST PRIORITY EBFM ISSUES FROM 2013 ....................................................................... 4 PROGRESS ON HIGHEST PRIORITY RESEARCH MPA ISSUES FROM 2013 ....................................................... 9 NEW HIGHEST PRIORITY ISSUES ................................................................................................................. 12 OTHER NEW AND CONTINUING PRIORITY ISSUES ....................................................................................... 13 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 16 3.0 ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPONENTS ......................................................... 17 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 17 DATA PRIORITIES: ................................................................................................................................................... 17 HIGHEST PRIORITY ISSUES .......................................................................................................................... 19 ONGOING ISSUES ........................................................................................................................................ 23 EMERGING ISSUES ....................................................................................................................................... 24 4.0 GROUNDFISH FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................... 28 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 28 PROGRESS ON 2013 RESEARCH AND DATA NEEDS ..................................................................................... 28 FISHERY-INDEPENDENT DATA .................................................................................................................... 28 FISHERIES-DEPENDENT DATA ..................................................................................................................... 30 LIFE HISTORY DATA ................................................................................................................................... 32 STOCK ASSESSMENT ISSUES ....................................................................................................................... 32 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 2018 GROUNDFISH RESEARCH AND DATA NEEDS .................................................. 33 FISHERY-INDEPENDENT DATA .................................................................................................................... 34 FISHERIES-DEPENDENT DATA ..................................................................................................................... 35 iii LIFE HISTORY DATA ................................................................................................................................... 38 STOCK ASSESSMENT ISSUES ....................................................................................................................... 38 MANAGEMENT ISSUES ................................................................................................................................ 43 ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT – PRIORITY RESEARCH AND DATA NEEDS ......................................................... 43 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 47 5.0 SALMON FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................ 51 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 51 RESEARCH ISSUES ....................................................................................................................................... 57 DATA ISSUES .............................................................................................................................................. 59 EMERGING ISSUES ....................................................................................................................................... 62 6.0 COASTAL PELAGIC SPECIES FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................ 65 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 65 RESEARCH ISSUES ....................................................................................................................................... 66 CONTINUING ISSUES ................................................................................................................................... 67 DATA NEEDS .............................................................................................................................................. 70 EMERGING ISSUES ....................................................................................................................................... 72 ECOSYSTEM ISSUES .................................................................................................................................... 73 7.0 HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................... 75 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 75 PROGRESS ON HIGHEST PRIORITY ISSUES ................................................................................................... 76 HIGHEST PRIORITY ISSUES .......................................................................................................................... 78 EMERGING PRIORITY ISSUES ....................................................................................................................... 84 ECOSYSTEM AND OTHER ONGOING ISSUES ................................................................................................. 85 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 90 8.0 APPENDIX I - RESEARCH AND DATA NEEDS ITEMS FROM GROUNDFISH ASSESSMENTS AND RELATED REPORTS ......................................................................................... 94 iv ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS Acronym Definition ABC - acceptable The ABC is a scientific calculation of the sustainable harvest level of a biological catch fishery and is used to set the upper limit of the annual total allowable catch. It is calculated by applying the estimated (or proxy) harvest rate that produces maximum sustainable yield to the estimated exploitable stock biomass (the portion of the fish population that can be harvested). barotrauma Physical trauma or injury to a fish due to pressure change. When a fish is rapidly brought from deep water to the surface, the drop in pressure can cause a variety of physical problems, such as severe expansion of the swim bladder and gas bubbles in the blood. CalCOFI California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations catch per unit of effort The quantity of fish caught (in number or weight) with one standard unit of fishing effort. For example, the number of fish taken per 1,000 hooks per day, or the weight of fish, in tons, taken per hour of trawling. CPUE is often considered an index of fish biomass (or abundance). Sometimes referred to as catch rate. CPUE may be used as a measure of economic efficiency of fishing as well as an index of fish abundance. CCA Cowcod Conservation Area CCE California Current Ecosystem CCLME California Current Large Marine Ecosystem CCS California Current System CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife coastal pelagic species Coastal pelagic species are schooling fish, not associated with the ocean bottom, that migrate in coastal waters. They usually eat plankton and are the main food source for higher-level predators such as tuna, salmon, v Acronym Definition most groundfish, and humans. Examples are herring, squid, anchovy, sardine, and mackerel. coded-wire tag Coded-wire tags are small pieces of stainless steel wire that are injected
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