MARCH, 1914

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. The Largest and Best SAMUEL HOLMES Facilities and Lumber Yards between New York STONE & BRICK and Chicago CONTRACTOR

The Keystone Lumber Co. Pittsburgh, Pa. PITTSBURGH, PA.

CLEARING t REPAIRING Court A COMPLETE LINE OF A SPECIALTY 4382 DOMESTIC RUGS JOHN EICHLEAY JR. CO, Steel Construction H, B, YURDUM & CO STRUCTURAL STEEL IN STOCK Nitlv* ImptrUre •( IMMEDIATE DELIVERY Oriental Rugs Ornamental Iron Sheet Metal Work Penn Avenue and Fifth Street House Moving.

PITTSBURGH S. 20th 4 Wharton Sis. Pittsburgh, Pa. THE BUILDER 3

WOODBURY GRAY GRANITE was used on the state capitol of Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Iowa, Idaho. Cleveland, Chicago, Youngstown, Des Moines, have used it for their city hall buildings.

THE UNITED STATES have used it for the post office buildings, at Minneapolis, Des Moines, Grand Rapids, Providence, New Bedford. Will Deliver and Set Woodbury Gray Granite Anywhere. Woodbury Granite Co. HARDWICK, VERMONT. 4 THE BUILDER

TELEPHONES: Bell—1944, 1945 Cedar. Jas. L. Stuart P. & A.—242 North. CONSTRUCTING ENGINEER

Contracts taken for all Classes of Lumber and Mill Work Building. Office Buildings, Industrial Plants, Power Plants, Reinforced Concrete, Office and Yard: Etc.

201 Irwin Avenue, North Side, Bell Phone Grant 3158

PITTSBURGH, PA. Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

^ooo<=r>)0(i0'cr>oo<=>i)0<=>oo<=>oo«^>oo<=>05 fi ENAMELING AND GILDING FOR INTERIOR DECORATIONS

JOHN DEWAR, TELEPHONE 12864 GRANT House Painting. Enameling and Gilding.

FINISHING AND RE-FINISHING OF HARD WOODS. 0 IGRAflNG Bell 'Phone 211 Cedar.

Barker Place Pittsburg, Pa. 850 NORTH AVENUE, NORTH SIDE REAR OF LYCEUM THEATRE'*

MAKERS OF THE BEST PRINTING PLATES ASSOCIATED WITH ZINC ETCHINGS DEWAR & CLINTON HALF TONES AND y ELECTROTYPES Dewar, Clinton & Alexander Co. \j PROMPT DELIVERY PRICES REASONABLE PENN A VENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. A

A Bell 'Phone 1383 Court. T,

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The Atlantic Logan Company Terra Cotta used on the following buildings MANTELS, TILE Kaufmann Stores, Pittsburgh MARBLE Liberty Theatre, Bash Building, Stambaugh Building, Youngstown 15TH FLOOR PEOPLES BUILDING Statler Hotel, Cleveland Fourth Ave. and Wood St. Power & Light Bldg., Mercantile Building, Woodlawn Three Buildings, University of Pittsburgh.

PITTSBURGH, PA. Pittsburgh Office, Fulton Building.

E. R. CLULEY Painting, Decorating fiardwood finishing

106 Marion St. Pittsburgh, Pa. 6 THEBUILDER

THE NICOLA BUILDING CO. Building' ... Contractors

PENN AVE. AND LAMBERT STREET PITTSBURGH, PA.

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQSf QQQQQQQQQQQQQlfQQQQQQrQ.QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQtf | | 1 MILLER & SON'S CO. 1 J Iron City Heating Company J

H Heating and Ventilating Engineers H H H H •H i Automatic Fire Protection Equipment H CONTRACTORS H H H H AND BUILDERS H J 843-847 Jarvella Street H f 844-850 Pennsylvania Ave. H H t 3 3 t PITTSBURGH PA ^SS 530 to 534 Federal Street, H We have installed Heating and Ventilating Systems in HH •• following buildings illustrated in this issue: it the Henry W.PITTSBURGH, Oliver Building PA. Pittsburgh j Kaufman Department Stores, Inc. " | School of Dentistry " H H Meyer-Jonasson Co.Bell Phon Buildinge 1405 Grant . " H H John C. Oliver Residence Sewickley jf

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I TELEPHONES: Bell IIH Court, P. & A. 2292 Main. Yard, 3129 Cedar. Yard, Bell 790 Court. RODGERS' SAND CO. DEALERS AND SHIPPERS OF

All Kinds of Sand, Gravel and Builders' Supplies

Cor. Wood and Water Streets,

PITTSBURGH, PA.

IRON CITY ENGINEERING CO. Electrical Construction

PITTSBURGH, PA., DETROIT, MICHI » Frick Building Annex Dime Savings Bank Building

The electrical equipment in the following buildings shown in this issue was in- stalled by us:

School of Mines Building, Machinery Hall, Soldiers' Memorial Building, Fort Pitt Hotel, Henry Oliver Residence, Liberty Theatre, Kindergarten Building, Kaufmann Dept. Stores, Inc,. Bldg . THE BUILDER

The Place Par Excellence For Fine Homes

• • • 1 11 EL* • • • SCHENLEY FARMS

The City's Social, Educational, Club and Best Residence Center. THE BUILDER A, k I WILSON FLOYD ROSE & COMPANY - Consulting and - COHTBACTOR Inspecting Engineers AND

BUILDER 701 First National Bank Building JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO IN ALL LINES OF BUILDING PITTSBURGH

225 COURT

731 WILLIAMSON BUILDING, CLEVELAND, OHIO

SANKEY BROTHERS Phone—Bell 2374 Cedar Watt Manufacturing Co. MANUFACTURERS OF

ALL GRADES OF Manufacturers of all kinds of RED BRICK Ornamental Iron For Building

OFFICE:

2112 CARSON STREET, SOUTH SIDE, Robinson and Darragh Streets, PITTSBURGH BOTH PHONES N. S. PITTSBURG, PA. 10 THEBUILDER

^ftAAAA^AAftftftA^AAA^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^S QtfQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ H H H H H H H H H H H H H H TELEPHONE 4780 COURT H H H BRUCKMAN LUMBER CO. H H «• H H H H H H H Office and Yards H H H H SCHUTZ, SCHREINER H H H H H H H H H & CLYDE CO. H H Preble Avenue H H H H H H H H H H H H H H MAY BUILDING H H H N.S. H H H H H H H H H H CONTRACTORS >tVAft***ftrT>*ftftr*iiftftA*tVTiftrftft«***-fr'i5-i!r*'fi-ftri H H H H H H H a H H AND BUILDERS H It was our pleasure to participate H H H -rT.QQQQ%H H H H in furnishing material to most all H H H HitititisHH of these Buildings. H H H H HH H Ht H HititititH HH &ft*6?ili«ftrtV6ftr**ftr6ftrftiAftJftrftrA6ftr*ft&«AT5''iS'-i5- H H H H PITTSBURGH, PA. % H H H HH H H H tsitisisisisisisisititisi.H iii iiiiiiitiritititit-ti-ti, tititititi, i, ti ti: ti-ti-itisisisiH ^it-Ctititititisititititit-^ititititit-^isititisisiti^^ H H H H QQQQQQQQQQQZT.QQQQQQQ_QlQQQQQ.QQQ.QQQQQQQQQQQQQ.QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQl:LQ_lflfQQQQQQQQQ.QQ.QQ.QQQQQQQQQQQQQH H H H ft! H H H H | JOSEPH HORNE CO. jH H H H H f LOWER FIFTH AVE. | H I AT PENN HAVENUE . g H | | I Inferior Decorating !

is one of our specialties. Our facilities for executing special work under this head H are complete. * We have varied examples of fine interior decorating, executed by us, which H should commend themselves to every one who values artistic work. * We employ specialists of technical skill and creative ability, in connection with H a staff of designers who give their whole attention to arranging and originating H interior decorations. H H The following different departments work together for the complete and artistic H furnishment of a house:— H Interior Hardwood Finish, Imported and Domestic Wall Papers, H Mural Decorations, Fabrics for Wall Hangings, H Lace Curtains, Leaded Glass, H H Special Furniture, Fine Oriental Rugs, H H Hardwood Floors. 9- Upon request representatives are sent to study requirements, and original draw­ H H ings are submitted without charge. iririsiS-iSititisitisisitiiitiTitititiiitititiiititik^^ ift*ftftftftft***AA*A*AA**ftA*A6**ftftftft^^AftAAftft^ftftftA^g THE CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY OF BELLEVUE

VRYDAUGH & WOLF, ARCHITECTS. ROSE & FISHER, CONTRACTORS THE BVILDER

Vol. 31 PITTSBURGH, PA., MARCH, 1914 No. 11

PUBLISHED MONTHLY ter, and shall I say composition, also keen diagnos­ BY ing ability as to surface conditions and require­ ments, when repainting becomes necessary. Sec­ ond. The practical application of paint coatings T. M. WALKER must be understood and taken into account. Third. J. B. JOHNSTON There must be a complete understanding of vehicles and their requirements, also that of pigment solidi­ LYCEUM BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA. ty and permanency. Fourth. The kind and quali­ ty of paint to be employed must be carefully con­ Entered at the Post office at Pittsburgh, Pa., as Second-Class Matter. sidered. I have placed these four essentials in the order of their importance, in producing the best possible results, for Exterior Wood Painting. SUBSCRIPTION, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE, ONE YEAR, $2 The master mustfirst be the student, and long after the degree is conferred, the successful master is found, still earnestly pursuing the study of the EXTERIOR WOOD PAINTING. problems, in his chosen profession, for the reason, "Eternal vigilance is the price of continued the deeper he delves, the more he realizes how little success. The subject assigned to me by the Execu­ he really knows. tive Board, at first Flush, would appear to be sim­ In setting forth the four essentials, necessary plicity itself, especially to those of the painting to be known, understood and practiced in Exterior craft, who in their practice, have painted and re­ Wood Painting, I might and probably should have painted acres and acres of surfaces. But who condensed them into two parts. But the nights are among us, is sufficiently wise, or unwise, as to say: long, and I do not wish to be misunderstood. In "My long practice has taught me all that is neces­ fact, I want each essential to sink in and take root. sary to know," or that "I am master of the situa­ Of course tonight the burden is with me, tomorrow, tion"? What scientist or paint manufacturer it will be yours, either to profit or condemn, which among us, can say: "I have overcome the many is your reasonable right. Each subject might be problems of Exterior Wood painting"? So let us gone into exhaustively, but that is not my purpose. reason together without prejudice, not permitting It is simply to confine myself to some important the seeming simplicity and everydayness of the features, so as not to weary you, and to blaze the subject to be a cause of contempt for the art, but way for the student, whom I have failed to convince, rather let it be an incentive for self examination, in order that he may investigate for himself. and the drawing of conclusions as to what is best, Now a few words as to the first requisite, in the hope that the acme may be reached in Ex­ namely: an intimate knowledge of the different terior Wood Painting. kinds of wood, their character, and shall I say com­ Is it not a fact, that with our seeming indiffer­ position, also keen diagnosing ability as to surface ence, amounting almost to neglect, of the essentials conditions and requirements, when repainting be­ of Exterior Wood Painting, we have caused to be comes necessary. Successful results in the paint created a condition in the minds of many, and es­ coatings on new work, demand that the nature of pecially in that of the householders, that it does not the wood, must determine the character of the paint require any particular knowledge or efficiency to be vehicle to be used. You will note I emphasize the a painter, that practically any one can do exterior term vehicle. With the introduction into the build­ wood painting. In comparison with the admittedly ing trades, of what has been termed "Modern Lum­ more attractive work of Interior Wood Painting and ber," many serious problems, to the painter, have Finishing, to my mind, Exterior Wood Painting is arisen. Chief among them as trouble makers, when the greater of the two branches. In discussing this their dispositions are unknown or disregarded, are subject I will treat of the four essentials to be con- cypress and yellow or pitch pine. All woods are sidcrcd. like the human family, no two species alike, but First. There is required an intimate knowl­ when understood, they can be approached and edge of the different kinds of wood, their charac- treated with a reasonable assurance of success. Read bv Join, Dewar at the Convention of Master House Painters It is generally conceded, of all exterior wood and Decorators Association of Pennsylvania, January, 1014, Pitts- burgh, Pa, painting, 80 per cent of it consists in repainting. While we recognize some woods as being trouble 14 THEBUILDER

makers, they are docile as compared with conditions attention cannot be given to the style and class of brought about by the other fellow, when we are brushes required. It is said of a truth: "Neither called upon for repainting. And right here an in­ a wise man nor a fool can work without tools." spiration for the moment has taken hold of me. Do Have you not seen dismal failure follow the effort not be a "knocker," rather prove in a manly way, to trace sash with a No. 8-0 brush, or was it with a by your superior knowledge and ability, that you are four or five inch flat wall, guaranteed full stock? master of the situation. Results speak more elo­ From the thickness of it, you would not dare to quently than words, while "knocking" debases the question the statement, for was it not full to cor­ "knocker" in the mind of all fair men. pulency? Each style should be used for a specific Diagnose your case, drawing upon past ex­ purpose and adhered to. The class to be of the periences. You may find that a medicinal remedy, best, which means at the end of the season or year composed of the kind and quantity of vehicle to use, money earned. is all that may be necessary. Or it may require a Previous to the application of paint on new surgical operation, by the use of the paint burner, wood, careful consideration should be given to the or a good solvent paint remover. State the result proper preparation of surface, and particularly to of your examination frankly, giving the remedy if quality of shellac and its fitness to protect from an operation is necessary, and making it clear that discoloring effect of knots and sap. Have we not you will not be responsible for results without it. seen the painter on the swing or scaffold, with his It is always better to have the understanding first shellac in an old fruit can or paint pot, exposed for than an explanation afterwards as to the cause. hours or perhaps a clay. Evaporation of the alco­ Straight-forwardness, carries conviction and confi­ hol being continuous, reducing the shellac to a dence with it. As to the other fellow, remember for stringy mass, but still being applied, the inevitable yourself that you are not infallible, and have result follows of a checking, alligatoring or pealing troubles of your own. off of the paint from the shellaced surface. Again Second. As to the practical application of have you not seen the painter, with practically the paint coatings. In the art of exterior house painting paint brush in one hand, the shellac brush in the many diversified conditions other than those of other, coating knots and sap portions, and applying wood and surface arise, which must be met with the paint as he goes along, the result being as tact, and, probably not a few with a refusal to ac­ above described? This when he should have had quiesce in unreasonable or unpractical demands, his shellac in a proper vessel, reduced to proper ever keeping in mind this fact, that so many forget working consistency for application, and protected the cause when afterwards lamenting the condition. from unreasonable exposure to evaporation, brush­ There are those of our clients, who know exactly ing it well into the necessary portions, proceeding what they want, and want it, being willing to abide with sufficient work ahead, so as to insure it being the results. Others who profess to know, and perfectly dry before following up with the paint whether right or wrong, they also want it, hoping coating. that you will make good. Against the latter be on In regard to the proper application of paint on the alert. Again there are others who do not pro­ new wood, I want to dwell particularly on the first fess to know, but may have an idea or a preference, or priming coat, which is of such vast importance and are willing to be advised. The latter class, in to the success of subsequent coatings. Is it not my experience, form the great majority, for which I the "footing course" which all true architects and am truly thankful. I had almost inadvertently for­ builders, are so earnest in their efforts to have.just gotten the Architect, who is a prime factor in paint right, realizing as they do that the strength of the application and color, and why should he not be, entire fabric rests upon its bearing and solidity? when he "designs in beauty, and builds in truth." _ Unless the master painter is a careful diag- My personal experience of years with Architects, nosist, with ability to read and understand temper- has'been that without an exception they want the ments and structural conditions of the different best you can produce, both in workmanship and woods, he cannot prescribe intelligently to meet and material. If you do not get adequate remuneration overcome the different dispositions and composi­ in return, it is your fault, not the architect's, as you tions with which we have to contend with daily in establish the price. Do not hesitate to approach our avocation, I say this advisedly. Furthermore them, for you will find them fair and usually will­ no one "mixed paint ready for use," let it be made ing to be advised, although sometimes possessing by manufacturer or painter, will meet and answer strong convictions of their own. for all these diversified conditions. That I may In the matter of repainting, 85 per cent of the not be misunderstood, I am still dwelling with the work is carried on under the direction of the ladies, priming orfirst coating of paint on new wood, and as to color effect. The master painter to success­ which would also apply to first coat on repainting fully lead his client to what is most suitable, after over old work. This coat must be conditioned and considering architectural effect and environments, tempered by the vehicle used, that it may meet and must be an educator, and as such should possess all master the various conditions presented by the dif­ the requirements that go with the successful ferent woods and surfaces. teacher, to make him worthy of confidence. This The subsequent paint coatings for new wood, is not a modern innovation, the equipping of the should consist of what in your experience you have master painter with the necessary qualifications of found to protect best, wear best and look best. Re­ an educator, to enlighten and direct his clients in member the first essential requirement of an out­ their requirements. Is not two-thirds of the side paint, is its protection to the wood. I have no world's business transacted through confidence ? hesitancy in saying that all new woodwork to be But Fower shoulthe dprope merirt applicatioit before nseekin of paintg it., too much thoroughlpaint, thereby protectey erectind shoulg a dsubstantia receive lfou surfacr coate s foorf THEBUILDER 15 protection, then with its solidity and purity of processes, and when the summer sun has returned, color it cannot fail but be a masterpiece for perma­ its effect on the paint is minimized. The average nency and beauty. To properly distribute these good job of painting clone in October or November four coats, I would recommend that the first or will present better protection, better wear and look priming coat be applied as soon as the structure is better, the following August, than the average job erected, followed by second coat. The third and in that month painted in June previous. fourth coats should be put on close together at the Spring being the "cleaning up time," all na­ completion of residence or building. Positively not ture coming up and out, clothed in freshness and less than three coats should be applied on any new beauty, and of course at this time, the good house woodwork. All practical painters know, that the wife's demands are irresistible, and we are found volume of a paint should be of proper consistency taking chances between showers by day and dew to permit working out in a craftsman-like manner, by night, dust storms, etc., forgetting all about the the three essentials of a paint demand this. When after effect of sun and heat, we sometimes being the volume is over loaded with pigment and the almost distracted in doing what we can to beautify painter is called upon to apply two coats by one ap­ and pacify. plication, that is not painting, it is plastering with It is, I believe, generally accepted that mid­ paint pigment, and results will be most damaging. summer weather is, as a rule, not suitable for best Of two extremes I would choose the light bodied results in exterior painting, by reason of its many paint, as against the heavy, but rather let us deteriorating influences on the paint coatings, also "keep in the middle of the road." No one who has upon the paint in the pot. any regard for the protection of his woodwork, or As to mid-winter painting, I recall an exper­ wearing quality of the paint, not to mention beauty, ience very vividly at this moment. It was in the would ask that you finish new wood with but two early days, and the day was the one before Christ­ coats of paint. mas. I had a new frame house that lacked the In repainting over old work, the same care finishing exterior coat to complete it. The morn­ must be exercised in familiarizing yourself with the ing showed every appearance of being a favorable conditions of the old paint, over which you would day, dry and clear; after shoveling and scraping the apply the new. These conditions while different snow from two swings that were in position, four in character, are as numerous as those found in of us jumped upon them and started in. At lunch new wood. They too must be met and overcome, time we saw by the thermometer on the door frame by the vehicle proportions, in thefirst coat of paint of an eating house nearby, that it registered three you would apply, the pigments in the paint being a degrees below zero. By dusk the job was com­ secondary consideration. I find a practice being pleted, excepting four dormer windows on roof, followed, and I am glad but by a few, of recommend­ which I finished next morning after traveling four ing but one coat for repainting. That would mean miles to do it. No it was not the home of a "Pitts­ to cover up, by another plastering process with burgh millionaire," but it was one of the best jobs paint pigment, under the guise of painting, with­ of exterior wood painting I ever produced. In out any consideration whatsoever for the conditions passing that way a number of times, years after­ of underlying old paint coatings. This practice wards, I would look it over lovingly and felt like wherever followed should be condemned and stop­ taking off my hat to it. I have never yet felt that ped, as it is not fair to the client who does not un­ I had any particular reason to feel proud of any derstand the cause and effect and cannot help but job of exterior painting done in midsummer with be in a short time ruinous to any master painter the thermometer registering from 100 to 120. I who would value a good reputation. I would term can recall some spring and autumn jobs that would such procedure as peing "penny wise and pound not justify me, in the removing of my hat, to honor foolish." The first coat should be mixed and ap­ them. plied to meet conditions found in old paint coatings, One of the essentials to the life of paint, is that the final coat to be the one to protect best, wear of a drier, and its proper use. In a sentence, 'know best and look best. With but one coat, these three your drier, then use as little of it as possible. Re­ essentials are eliminated. I have found it fre­ member that an exterior paint, made from pure well quently in my practice, a necessity in repainting, settled linseed oil and turpentine, and applied under to apply three coats. A proper diagnosis before proper conditions, draws largely from the atmos­ beginning will determine the necessary number of phere natural drying elements. Cheap "Japan coats required. Then give a good and sufficient Driers" are the vicious enemy of an otherwise good reason for them. paint, likewise an excess of good dryer. Be warned There is some difference of opinion among against the so-called combination of dryer and paint master painters, as to the best season of the year thinners, their mission being simply a dilution of to do exterior painting, some advocating spring, the paint with benzine or other mineral spirits. It others autumn. Well I guess the weather condi­ is impossible to regulate the drying of paint by its tions at time of application have considerable to do use, it has no part in a good paint. An excess of with it, whether it be spring or autumn. But tak­ dryer, good or bad, will burn and destroy the life ing the years together, I personally prefer the au­ giving properties of paint, it will also retard its dry­ tumn, not because I have any particular love for ing and in numerous instances furnish you with a flies, ' black gnats, sand flies, mosquitoes, white "tacky" job and you are at a loss for the cause. I frosts, etc. It is because as a rule, we have more wish to repeat what I have said before, know your settled weather, coupled with the fact that paint dryer, then use as little of it as possible. dries best in cool clear weather. The drawing and ab­ In the matter of puttying, little can be said mittinsorbing influencthe paine to ft oa strondry ang dsu nharde is eliminatedn by natura, perl­ timthate iags ono tI reaclearld ayn understooarticle, wherd aned thpracticede write.r advoSome- 16 THE BUILDER cated the puttying up of nail holes, cracks or other substantial and permanent foundation for the sub­ surface abrasions previous to applying any paint. sequent coatings. The benzole like turpentine after I would not advocate such a procedure, for the rea­ performing its mission evaporates entirely leavmg son that I am quite sure the raw wood would no residue. quickly absorb the oil from out of the putty, which The name turpentine today is almost a mis­ would naturally cause a shrinkage, leaving a de­ nomer, being largely adulterated with petroleum pression, where a good job demands a full even sur­ spirits, etc., which cannot easily be detected, but face. Prime your new woodwork well, brushing we still have Pure Spirits of Turpentine and at a the paint into nail holes, cracks and joints. When reasonable cost. I would advise when in the mar­ dryfill u p solidly with a putty composed of whiting, ket, a special guarantee as to purity be required, and linseed oil with from 10 per cent to 20 per cent then investigate for yourself. It is largely with white lead thoroughly mixed. the quality of turpentine in the first coat of paint, It is said, "you can tell a good carpenter by the that we overcome difficulties in repainting over old shavings he makes," by the same token you can work. For instance if the surface be hard and tell a poor painter by the droppings of paint he dis­ practically non-absorbent, the proportions of ve­ tributes around. How very essential to the pro­ hicle should be half turpentine and half linseed oil. tective ability, wearing qualification and looks of a The turpentine penetrating into the surface, car­ paint, that it be applied in a thoroughly competent rying with it a portion of the oil, will have a ten­ manner. Seventy-five per cent of the virtue in a dency to prevent blistering of the subsequent coat. good paint consists of the man who applies it. He Again if the surface of old paint be slightly "tacky" must have discerning ability and be able to read the the proportions should be probably more than one- signs of conditions, let them be surface or climatic. half turpentine, the turpentine will have a tendency Many an otherwise good job and paint has been to harden up the old paint, which condition was ruined by an indifferent painter, also by the Master probably caused by unsettled oil or a surplus of not giving proper supervision to the work, leaving driers in former paint. Again if the surface be nor­ it wholly to the judgment of others, and not with­ mal, I would recommend two-thirds linseed oil and standing the fact that his best business asset, a one-third turpentine, or if the surface be dry and good reputation, is being dissipated. There are but hungry for paint, I would recommend at least for few sights, at least to the true painter, more beauti­ the first coat, one-fourth turpentine and three- ful than a well painted andfinished house, workman­ fourths linseed oil. By this you will see the neces­ ship, paint and colors in tune with the harmony of sity of careful personal investigation both as to sur­ the structure, "designed in beauty and built in face and material required. truth." Who would debase the royal dignity of The substitutions for Pure Spirits of Turpen­ true labor? tine are many and their selling advocates eloquent. Thirdly. It is necessary to have a heart under­ Remember when you are purchasing a something standing of vehicles and their requirements, also of to take its place, you are getting an imitation, pigment solidity and permanency. As you know, which may be costly at any price. paint is composed of vehicle and pigments, but There is no known oil today that can take the both are subjects of many ramifications. So in deal­ place of Pure Well Settled Raw Linseed Oil for ex­ ing with these we like "small boats will keep close terior painting purposes. There has been tried to shore," where we have been taught by exper­ out and found wanting, oil from the Soya Bean, ience to recognize the color of the buoys, the sound Corn, Tomato Seed, Grape Seed, Petroleum, Fish, of the bells, and the light of the lighthouses, all Rosin, etc. warning us of danger, telling us where we are, and Boiled linseed oil should never be used in under leading us to safety, and home. coatings, nor do I recommend it for thefinish, for The vehicle essentials for a good paint are the reason it would invariably presents an unde­ pure spirits of turpentine and well settled raw lin­ sirable surface for repainting. seed oil, the purpose being to solidify and bind the To attain certain results, the use of a com­ mass, enabling it to resist destructive influences, petent mixing varnish is permissible in a good while having a penetrating and adhesive character, paint, especially when designed for plaster or ce­ with embellishing properties, that accent the beauty ment work. It should be used sparingly and with of the base and coloring matter. When the wood is discretion. new and of a resinous or greasy disposition, such as Paint pigments like vehicles, are subjects of yellow or pitch pine, cypress and other timber inocu­ many ramifications. They should be chosen for lated to a degree with rosin, the addition of benzole,, their protective ability, permanency, covering quali­ used in the priming coat only is an essential. In ties and with the presenting of a suitable founda­ this connection regarding the use of benzole, I would tion, when repainting becomes necessary. Of recommend in the painting of cypress and southern course it is understood, that the vehicle is a prime yellow pine, that the vehicle in the priming coat, factor, in obtaining these results. and priming coat only, should be 40 per cent of 160 Carbonate of Lead has been used as a paint, degree benzole, 10 per cent pure spirits of turpen­ and paint base for over two thousand years form­ tine and 50 per cent raw linseed oil. The charac­ ing with its younger sister, "Basic Sulphate' White ter of these woods is such as will not permit of the Lead two of the most valuable all around paint penetration of paint made by the usual vehicle prac­ pigments known. Without them, the paint indus­ tice. With the turpentine and the addition of ben­ tries of the country would suffer an irreparable zole, which is one of the greatest penetrating sol­ loss. They mix perfectly with linseed oil, and when vents of rosin, gums and grease known, the oil and properly re-enforced and applied, in my judgment pigment, when well brushed out, are worked into the acme of paint making has been reached, their the wood and there, find a lodgment, forming a one great fault being, their liability to chalk. But THEBUILDER 17 with the introduction of a percentage of Zinc Oxide S. Perry. He says: "The average paint coating is as a re-enforcing pigment, that liability is elimi­ only three one-thousandths of an inch thick, and nated. A defect in Carbonate of Lead is its ten­ yet this thin coating is required to withstand ex­ dency to darken in the presence of sulphur gases, pansion and contraction of the underlying surface, such as we have to contend with in Pittsburgh and abrasion or wear from storms of dust and sand; or other cities, having like conditions, but this defect rain, sleet, hail and absorbing, drawing and ex­ can largely be overcome by the combining of zinc panding influences of the summer's sun and con­ oxide with it. traction from the cold of winter. It must have Zinc Oxide is one of the whitest, finest and both hardness, to withstand to a reasonable extent most valuable pigments which we have. It does this surface wear, and yet enough elasticity to not chalk, and for that reason it serves to prevent meet internal strain and to conform to changes in the chalking of paint, in which it is used together the underlying surface, and it must penetrate and with white lead, nor does it darken by exposure to cling to the surface upon which it is applied. It sulphur gas. The two defects of zinc oxide, when must also retard and prevent from access to the used as a single paint pigment for exterior paint­ underlying surface both the moisture and at­ ing, is its tendency to peal, scale and crack, caused mospheric gases which cause decay." And, if pos­ by reason of its extremely hard and egg shell like sessing the virtues of a good paint, it must in the hardness when dry, which will not permit of nec­ course of time, when repainting becomes necessary, essary expansion and contraction, producing the de­ present a suitable foundation for the new paint fects above noted. It takes up a very large propor­ coatings. Realizing the responsibiity of the mas­ tion of oil, thereby becoming a great spreader, ter painter, whose reputation largely depends upon which accounts for its poor covering qualities. results as produced by his paint, and also realizing The following are some of the materials used the thinness of the paint film or coating, upon which by paint manufacturers as paint pigments, some to results depend, the character of the paint to be used a greater extent than others. They are known as must be a matter of serious consideration. inerts, by some, by some as extenders. From this true definition of what is required Calcium Carbonate. It comes in several from a paint coating, are we not somewhat appalled, forms, and is termed, whiting, paris white, white and, at least, some of us, will privately acknowledge mineral primer, etc., the latter in paste form may to ourselves, that we were not quite as familiar with be putty, reduced with one of the ramifications to the subject of this paper as we might have been. a brushing consistency, it thereby becoming a Now the question presents itself, what proper­ paint or primer, and as such is found in the mar­ ties should a paint possess, to meet all the require­ ket. Calcium Carbonate has its proper use in a ments of Mr. Perry's definition. We will agree on a putty, calsomine and other water paints. vehicle. Pure Spirits of Turpentine and Pure Well Magnesium Silicate or Asbestine comes in two Settled Raw Linseed Oil, properly proportioned to forms. It is claimed to be an ideal re-enforcing meet existing conditions of surfaces at time of ap­ pigment, it also resists abrasion of the paint coat­ plication. For pigment or pigments. Here we ing, so it is claimed. It does prevent the pigments pause for a moment, and think hard. The ex­ in "Mixed Paints" from settling. perience of years are yours and mine. We today Blanc Fixe and Barytes, the natural form is have no other safe light to guide us. Scientists fre­ Barytes, and the so-called Blanc Fixe is the pre­ quently theorize, but we demonstrate practically. I cipitated form. Both are white and staple, in oil cannot answer for you, nor you for me. Therefore they lack the hiding power. They are strong as a on this particular subject, I will answer for myself. base for certain colors. They have a tendency to In this connection, I want to state as emphati­ harden the paint coating in which they are used. cally as possible, that a paint may be scientifically Silica or Silex. This material is considered very correct, and approved by practical experience, but if staple. It is also transparent in oil, having but not applied in a workmanlike manner, and under little hiding qualities. It is used to harden paint reasonably favorable climatic and surface condi­ coatings, so that it will have greater strength to tions, whether it be on new wood or in repainting, resist abrasion. it will neither protect nor wear, being a failure and One of the strong virtues of white lead and cannot be held responsible for the guilt of commis­ zinc oxide as paint pigments are, they absorb and sion or omission on the part of the painter. retain the oil, each atom becomes thoroughly satu­ Let it be clearly understood that the nature of rated. While the inert pigment is being simply the new wood, and condition of old paint over which immersed. The result of the two conditions can you would apply the new, must regulate the propor­ be readily understood, especially their position and tions of oil and turpentine in the priming coat, also action in a paint exposed to exterior climatic con­ in the first coat on repainting. As to pigments used ditions for any length of time. in the first coat, I would certainly recommend their Desiring to have a closer understanding of the use and proportions in all of the subsequent coatings, term inerts, and not having my "Paint Catechism" the purpose being to assist in a uniform expansion at hand I referred the matter to Webster, who in­ and contraction of the paint films and underlying forms me the word signifies dull, passive, idle, lazy, surfaces. For a primer the accumulation of old indolent, slothful, stupid, lethargic, apathetic, life­ paints, fat and greasy, should be positively prohib­ less, dead, etc. As to the appropriateness of the ited, also the use of Ochre, owing to its uncertain definition, in its application to a paint pigment, I qualities. The priming coat should be of a consist­ will leave to your judgment. ency that will permit of being well brushed into the Fourthly. As to the Paint. I know of no wood. bettetial requirementsr definition ,of tha ann exteriothat offerer paindt bany dMr it.s Rober essent­ ing formulaIn my epractic as toe vehiclof yeare san Id havpigmente useds thcomposine followg­ 18 THE BUILDER my paint for Exterior Wood Painting. The vehicle labor, or $1054.80, the material (sandpaper) being in priming coat, when used on new soft pine wood, about two and one-half per cent of the cost of labor and woods of a similar character, also for second in using it. The house was largely finished in hard­ coat, should consist of 80 per cent pure raw linseed wood, stained and waxed. The point I wish to con­ oil and 20 per cent pure spirits of turpentine. For vey and have it "sink in" is, can we afford to buy third coat, 90 per cent oil and 10 per cent turpen­ and use materials of any uncertain quality? The tine. When four coats are applied, thefirst, sec ­ very best is sometimes not too good, when we con­ ond and third coats, should be the same, that is 80 sider the value of personal reputation. The differ­ per cent oil and 20 per cent turpentine, the fourth ence in cost between good and indifferent materials, coat 90 per cent oil and 10 per cent turpentine. You being but from 5 per cent to 15 per cent, by the will observe these proportions will permit of a uni­ use of these materials you cannot but be the loser, form expansion and contraction. The 10 per cent both in reputation and money. In this connection of turpentine infinal coa t will assist in drying and I want to say I have found the manufacturer of hardening, also in enabling the painter to better good goods makes an effort to sell as close as pos­ control the application of his paint. In repainting sible, consistent with his class of goods, while the over old work the condition of the old paint must "dope" manufacturer strives to get all he possibly determine the proportions of oil and turpentine in can, irrespective of his class of goods, just keeping first coat. The second should consist of 90 per cent sufficiently beneath the legitimate market to make oil and 10 per cent turpentine. Notwithstanding a the price enticing to the unwary. diversity of opinion as to pigment and combinations It was some five years ago, in a paper entitled of pigments, I use and recommend from 75 per cent "The Best Materials in Combination and Otherwise to 80 per cent pure white lead and from 25 per cent to Produce the Best Practical Results in Exterior to 20 per cent zinc oxide. When used at or near the and Interior Painting," I found the temerity to say sea shore, or in the southern portions of our coun­ tnat: "I have a conviction, which may today be un­ try I use 60 per. cent white lead and 40 per cent zinc popular with those not in touch with the improve­ oxide. The purpose of combining these two best ments sought after and who cannot appreciate de­ paint pigments are that the zinc oxide makes strong velopments that would lead them out of the old the soft character of the lead, giving us an ideal beaten rut, even did the result of those develop­ paint coating for protection, durability and beauty. ments enable them to produce results better than While the zinc oxide makes the paint film harder, it they ever dreamed of by the use of the old methods, also, by reason of its naturalfineness o f texture, fillsan d that conviction is, that within the next few up the voids, caused by the coarser material, giving years our paint usages will have undergone a revo­ us, with the vehicle specified, a film that is practi­ lution and you and I cannot stop it if we would. cally non-absorbent and equalizing expansion and Our white base will then be the product of paint contraction. By this combination the destructive science and practical tests, not the theory of a effect of sulphurous gases are eliminated, or at mixer, let him be painter, or so-called paint manu­ least minimized to a very small degree. A surplus facturer." of zinc oxide in an exterior paint will cause the film What is the condition of today? We find our­ to become over hard and brittle. With the above selves using tens of thousands of gallons, of "Pre­ proportions of vehicle and percentages of lead and pared Paints," where five year ago, in proportion, zinc, properly amalgamated and applied, in my we used but hundreds of gallons, and this will con­ judgment we have about reached the acme of paint tinue right along, not only increasing in volume, but making. If I were writing on interior paint and in merit and with a broadening of general useful­ painting I would have an entirely different story ness. Repeating what I said five years ago: "You to tell as to vehicles and pigments. and I cannot stop it if we would." This is not To be fair, I am familiar with quite a number spoken in a prophetic mood, but as a deduction from of most excellent "Exterior Prepared Paints" they the signs of the times. To the legitimate manufac­ having in combination with white lead and zinc turers I appeal: let merit be the keynote. Come out oxide, from 10 per cent to 15 per cent inerts, con­ from among those that would do discredit to the in­ sisting of either asbestine, brytes, or silica, or a dustry. By their works and analysis of their ma­ percentage of each, up to a total of 15 per cent terials you may know them. inerts. I have no hesitancy in saying that, with Having been an observer of the trend of affairs, proper proportions of white lead and zinc oxide, a m pamtdom, for a number of years, it may have high ideal exterior paint can and is being produced. been from afar off, but it does not matter as I It is generally agreed that materials used in know whereof I speak, I canot close this paper, painting and finishing a residence, represent from rambling though it be, without paying my simple 20 per cent to 30 per cent of the cost of doing that tribute to two men, above all others who strove work, the 80 per cent to 70 per cent being cost of even better than they knew, to place paint and labor. As an example; for a residence costing one painting on a plane of elevation, standing erect for thousand dollars to paint and finish, the materials truth and fitness. The memory and works of these will cost from two or three hundred dollars, leaving men stand out in bold relief, as if embossed on the balance of eight or seven hundred dollars to rep­ granite shaft. Robert S. Perry and Harry A. resent cost of labor. Again an example, although Gardner, aided by a number of strong men paint somefhat extreme. The writer some time ago com­ manufacturers, who wanted to know and who made pleted a residence, the paint and finishing of which it possible for these two to enter into the search cost over ten thousand dollars. Among the items of and research for a betterment of the whole Their cost was that of sandpaper, there being used 3516 labor and sacrifices represent the advancements of sheetsapproximatel. Each yshee represent usedt onthirt thisy clascentss o,f awors kcos woult odf today and thos(Continuee of yeards otno comePage. 35) CHANCERY AND SYNOD HALL FOR THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. PAUL, PITTSBURGH, PA.

EDWARD J. WEBER, ARCHITECT < WESTERN SAVINGS AND DEPOSIT BANK.

CHARLES J. RIEGER, ARCHITECT BRONZE WORK BY THOS. LANE CO. HOME OF J. C TREES

THOS. HANNAH, ARCHITECT.

METROPOLITAN THEATRE, SEATTLE, WASH.

HOWELLS & STOKES, ARCHITECTS. TERRA COTTA FURNISHED BY ATLANTIC TERRA COTTA CO. STONE CHAPEL SCREEN, CHICAGO, ILL.

JOHN SUTCLIFF, ARCHITECT sss^P

Si Hi

MEASURED DRAWING—A ROMAN TABLE SUPPORT.

F. C. DISQUE THEBUILDER 35

(Continued from Page 18) be restrained from his exercising his trade for a This Exterior Wood Painting, has been a long similar period! story, and with you, I am tired, so I will close by re­ The Alcazar forms an irregular oblong in peating the words I began with, "Eternal Vigi­ which the Patio de las Doncellas (Hall of the lance is the Price of Continued Success." Maidens) occupies a central portion, around which various halls and rooms are grouped according to SEVILLE, THE PEARL OF ANDALUCIA. the usual Moorish plan. One of the doors opens By Carolus. into the Salon de los Embajadores (the Hall of the (Continued from February Issue) Ambassadors) thefinest apartmen t of all; it con­ After the conquest, temporary ruin fell upon tains examples of five distinct styles: the Arabic, the city, principally on account of the great loss of Almohad or true Moorish, Gothic, late Moorish, inhabitants; but in thefifteenth century it was in and Renaissance. The gardens of the Alcazar are a position to derive full benefit from the discovery famous for their beauty. Cooling fountains play of America. For several hundred years it pros­ amid groves of orange and citron, and stately pered wonderfully, but towards the close of the palms and brilliantflowers line the walks. But eighteenth century a serious decline set in which the sinister presence of the Cruel King haunts even was accelerated by a terrible outbreak of yellow these pleasaunces. On one occasion he was stand­ fever that carried off 30,000 persons in the year ing near a pool when four candidates for the of­ 1800. In 1810 the French plundered it to the ex­ fice of judge were brought before him. To test tent of $30,000,000, but since then it has been theirfitness he pointed to an object floating in the steadily recovering something like its former pros­ water and asked them what it was. Thefirst three perity. answered, "An orange, Sire," but the fourth drew it The principal relic of the Moslim dominion in out with his stick, examined it, and said with ac­ Seville is the palace of the Alcazar, which is ex­ curacy, "Half an orange, Sire." He received the celled in beauty and historical interest only by the appointment. In an adjoining hall Don Pedro Alhambra at Granada. The Alcazar was begun in heard four judges discussing the division of a 1181 under the rule of the Almohads. It was bribe. They were executed on the spot, and their originally surrounded by walls and towers, of which skulls still adorn the king's bedchamber. He had the Torre del Oro by the riverside is the principal a strong, though crude idea of the duty of others, survival. There was once a corresponding tower but his numerous crimes, including the murder of on the opposite side of the stream; a chain was his wife and other relatives, show that he had pe­ drawn across from tower to tower in times of dan­ culiar notions of his own duty. ger, but during the great seige of 1248 two of the Among many other famous relics of the Mid­ ships of King Ferdinand'sfleet succeeded in break­ dle Ages in Seville is the Casa Pilatus, a splendid ing it. palace commenced in 1500 by the Adelantado Though the Alcazar, as it stands, is not a pure (Governor) Don Pedro Enriquez, andfinished by specimen of Moorish architecture and decoration, Don Pedro Afan, Duke of Alcala, in 1533. It is and though it has been greatly enlarged and re­ remarkable from its great resemblance in general stored at various times, it is mainly the work of appearance to the Alcazar, though it is far more Moorish hands and the conception of Moorish de­ modern; but a close examination shows that in its signers. Much of it was built by Moorish archi­ details the Renaissance feeling had largely over­ tects for King Pedro the Cruel in the fourteenth powered the Moorish. The central patio, how­ century; and even in thefifteenth century we hear ever, is strongly Moorish in effect. of Christianized Moors building or reconstructing Seville possesses several magnificent architec­ large portions of it by order of Ferdinand and Isa­ tural examples of the later and definitely Renais­ bella. During the eighteenth and early nineteenth sance style, such as the Lonja (Exchange—1585), centuries serious damage was done by unwise res­ and the Casa del Ayuntamiento (City Hall), the toration, but when restoration has again to be clone hospitals del Sangre and La Caridad, and the there can be no doubt that greater care will be palace of San Telmo. The archbishop's palace, taken to preserve the spirit of the antique work. the tobacco factory, and the bull ring, are large The Alcazar teems with strange and horrible structures, but possess no architectural impor­ memories, especially of the ferocious temper and tance. savage deeds of Pedro the Cruel. The horrible In the art of painting Seville occupies a very events related of his reign make it difficult to asso­ prominent place. As the birthplace of both Velaz­ ciate such a monster with the exquisite courts and quez and Murillo it could hardly be otherwise, peaceful gardens of the lovely palace, but there is though the former did little of his best work there. no doubt that he is the most conspicuous person­ Murillo, on the contrary, is well represented by ality in its history. Countless tales are told and numerous pictures in the cathedral and other ballads sung of his deeds. The best that can be chuches; in fact, his influence seems an integral said of him is that he protected the humbler class part of the life of the city he loved so well, whose against the rapacity of the officials, and that he colors, religiouWATEs Remotion TIGH,T CONCRETEsplendor, an.d poverty, had a certain sense of humor. Among the stories are expressed so vividly in his works. The Museum of his rough justice there is an amusing one that and Extensivthe churchee experiments of Sevillse aralse obein contaig conducten numeroud ats tells of his retaliation of the ecclesiastical authori­ thexamplee Collegs eo fo fth Engineerine work ogf oZurbaraf the Universitn and othey ofr Wis fa­- ties who had merely suspended a priest from his mous masters of the old Spanish school. sacerdotal functions for a year for the crime of murdering a shoemaker. Don Pedro thereupon de­ creed that any tradesman who killed a priest should 36 THEBUILDER consin to find a simpler means of making concrete panelling. The glass throughout is of a simple yet water tight. Results of great importance to con­ artistic design of shaded amber color with touches tractors, engineers and farmers who have to do with of soft shades of blue and red. The Sanctuary is concrete construction are said to have been already tiled with small squares of white vitrious tiles with obtained and still more important ones are ex­ pale blue borders. The choir stalls, pews, Bishop's pected. chair and clergy's sedelia are from special designs The experimenters have found that good results by the architects. The Altar in white marble, spe­ are obtained if the concrete remains in the mixer cially imported from Italy is from the shops of Gor- from two to three minutes when dry materials are ham Company and the gift of the Daughters of the employed. For cases where the sand and gravel or King. The lighting fixtures are of iron of finely stone are damp a considerably longer time is re­ wrought design. The heating is by low pressure quired; therefore the use of wet sand should be steam with indirect radiation in the chancel. The avoided if possible. cost of the church and Parish House was about The experiments showed that mixtures consist­ $45,000.00. ing of one part of cement, one and one-half parts of NEW CHANCERY AND SYNOD HALL, ST. Janesville sand of the torpedo grade, and three parts PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. of Janesville gravel, when mixed to a wet consisten­ The buildings will be erected on the Craig cy, are impervious to water when subjected to a street property, adjoining St. Paul's Cathedral, ac­ pressure of forty pounds per square inch. Mix­ cording to the plans and specifications prepared by tures as lean as one part of cement to six parts of Edward J. Weber, architect, 310 Renshaw building. gravel (a graded mixture) have been made im­ The Chancery, built in the front portion, will con­ pervious at high pressures by using care in propor­ tain the diocesan offices, the rear portion of the tioning the amount of water and in mixing the property being occupied by the Synod Hall, with a batch. The specimens used in making these tests seating capacity of about 975 people. are cylindrical in form and so made that the faces Thefirst floor o f the Chancery will contain two of the cylinders, which are thirteen and one-half waiting rooms and an office. On this floor there is inches in diameter, are exposed to the predeter­ also a large assembly room with a capacity of mined water pressure. The thickness of the con­ about 200 people, which will be used during the crete through which the water must pass can be synods or on special occasions when there are a varied from four to eighteen inches. Ample pro­ great many visiting priests to the cathedral. This vision is made for cleaning both faces of the cylin­ room connects under cover with the sacristy of the der before placing it upon the testing apparatus. church, so that it really can be used as an additional The apparatus itself is so arranged that very accu­ sacristy. The second floor of the Chancery con­ rate tests can be made. tains a large library running across the Craig street The importance of these experiments will be front, the offices of the Bishop, the chancellor, as­ more appreciated when it is understood that a large sistant chancellor and two extra offices. The fire­ proportion of the trouble arising from poor con­ proof vault for the archives and the toilet will be cretCHURCe is duHe tOoF th THe usE eEPIPHAN of defectivYe OsanF dBELLE or gravel­ . under the upper balcony seats of the hall. VUE, PA. The ground floor of the Synod Hall will seat VRYDAUGH & WOLFE, ARCHITECTS. about 600, the rest of the people being contained in The new church was completed the latter part the balcony. There will be a small ante-room in of the year 1913, and blessed for worship Novem­ connection with the stage. Two large vestibules ber 21st, 1913, by the' Rt. Rev. Cortland White­ on the ground floor with stairs to the balcony serve head, D. D. LL. D. as entrances and exits of the hall. There are two extra exits at the rear of the hall on thefirst floo r The location is a beautiful, perfectly level site and one extra one in the balcony leading to the at the corner of Lincoln and Home Avenues, in Chancery. Avalon, a suburb of Pittsburgh. On the grounds The exterior will be in harmony with the pres­ are fine walks and stately old trees, and but for ent building, of dressed stone in the same style of the absence of ivy clad walls the impression might architecture. easily obtain that the church stood here for years. Construction will be entirely of fire-proof ma­ The Style is distinctly quaint and churchly after terials. In the library the ceiling is to be vaulted the English Parish churches. The church accom­ with built-in bookcases and a large fireplace will modates about 450 people and consists of nave, add to the attractiveness of it. There will be narrow side aisles used for passages, transepts, some ornamental plaster work on the ceilings of the chancel, morning chapel, organ chamber and sac­ Synod Hall, the whole being a medieval character. risties. The Parish House adjoins and consists of Oak is to form the finish throughout. The Chan­ an Assembly hall, class rooms, dining room, kitchen cery is to be heated by hot water; steam heat be­ and ladies' sewing room. The walls are faced ex­ ing used for the hall, which will be supplied from ternally with Beaver County stone laid in broken the boilers of the cathedral. random range work. A shapely tower marks the The Building Committee of the Diocese is Crossing. The walls internally are faced with composed of Rt. Rev. Joseph Suehr, V. G.; Rev. buff brick of several shades giving a pleasing and D. J. Malady, Rev. A. Tonner, Rev. C. Gasparik, artistic effect. The ceilings in the crossing, the Rev. Thomas Devlin, Rev. William J. McMullen. cloisters and chancel are plastered and tinted, the chancel ceiling being vaulted. The ceilings in nave CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF THE BLESSED and transepts show open timber work and wood SACRAMENT. The excavation for the Church of Our Lady of THEBUILDER 37 the Blessed Sacrament, corner of Frankstown ave­ ards and lanterns for the Aspinwall Pumping nue and Standard street, Wilkinsburg, of which Station for the City of Pittsburgh. The bronze the Rev. A. P. Black is the pastor, having been fin­ work of the Western Savings & Deposit Bank, exe­ ished, the stone work has been begun. The plans, cuted by this company, is deserving of special which have been prepared by Architect Edward J. mention. Notice m the accompanying illustration Weber of 310 Renshaw building, corner of Ninth the different curvatures of this work. All the ma­ street and Liberty avenue, call for the erection of terial in the construction is solid cast-bronze, with a church having a hall underneath it. The build­ hand-scrapedfinish, and heavy mouldings and mono­ ing will be so high that the hall will be well lighted grams on the curved doors to match the stationary and ventilated, the vestibule being entered directly parts. This design of bronze partitions makes the from the street. The kitchen, retiring rooms and strongest and most rigid appliance for interior boiler room will be located in the rear of the hall. bank finish, and is being adopted by architects In the church proper will be sittings for about tnroughout the country. four hundred people, not including the gallery, The Thomas Lane Company is prepared to give where there will be ample space for the choir and estimates on the following, on short notice: fifty more people. The vestibule will extend across Stairs, Marquees, Lanterns, Elevator Enclosures, the entire front of the building. Sacristies will be Lamp Standards, Tablets, Signs and Letters; Bank in the rear. and Office Grilles, Mausoleum Work, Bank and The exterior, with its variegated tapestry Counter Screens, Ploor and Kick-Plates, Bronze brick for the body of the wall and its dark red brick Thresholds, Pavement and Floor Lights, Fire­ trimmings, will harmonize well with the Beaver proof Doors and Metal Windows, Jail Work, Prison county stone wall to the window sill height. The Bars and Doors, and Builders' iron work of every belfry of the front with the iron cross and tablet THdescriptionE EDUCATIO. N OF THE GERMAN ARTISAN. of stone over the church entrance will be attrac­ By H. S. Rowell, in "Engineering," London. tive additions. The plan of the exterior is in­ Higher technical education has been greatly spired somewhat from the old California mission boomed of recent years, and much has been written buildings. In the interior a good religious feeling about it. Real and imagined evils in our industrial with its walls of frank brickwork laid in pattern system have been ascribed to defective higher edu­ and the sanctuary in rich frescoes is assured. The cation, and there are many who believe that im­ precedent for the open wooden trusses of the in­ proved universities and technical colleges will bring, terior with the wood ceiling will be found in some as the morning the day, a more satisfactory condi­ of the beautifuTHOMAlS churcheLANE sAN ofD Italy—foCOMPANYr .example , tion of things; but recent events are casting their San AmonMiniatgo thate Florence most progressiv. e concerns in the shadows before, and it is increasingly evident that city of Pittsburgh is The Thomas Lane Company, the training of captains of industry is not enough; 302 Farmers' Bank Building. This concern has the ranks demand careful attention if industrial been in the ornamental-iron, bronze, marble, slate progress is to be economical, peaceful, and real. and onyx business for the last ten years. In modern Germany we have a country economi­ Scattered over Western Pennsylvania, Eastern cally and industrially young and possessed of great, Ohio and West Virginia are numerous contracts though perhaps superficial, vigor and enthusiasm, this firm has completed entirely to the satisfaction whose industrial progress and development have of the architects and owners. This firm has a been rapid and comparatively peaceful. That is one record for promptness in handling work, giving reason why the subject of the present article is in­ same personal supervision, using nothing but the teresting and important. highest grade of materials entering into the execu­ Approaching the matter from the historical tion of contracts, and endeavoring to satisfy the point of view, which answers well for most subjects, architects and owners to the uttermost. we find many differences from and resemblances to Among some of the recent contracts this firm English systems. In the early centuries of the has completed are:— Christian era the chief and almost only educational Ornamental-iron on the Mission Street Pump­ institution was the catechumenate, or preparation ing Station, City of Pittsburgh; ornamental-iron on for confirmation and reception into the Church. In the American Life & Annuity building; Interior the Middle Ages cloister schools were founded and bronze work for the Western Savings & Deposit courses of a more secular nature organized, usually Bank, Oliver Building; ornamental-iron on the preparing the students for some office or duty and Charleroi High School, Charleroi, Pa., etc., etc., etc.no t imparting education solely for its own sake. The Among the contracts now in progress are the early sixteenth century and the Reformation saw a following:— renewal of popular religious instruction and much Ornamental-iron and slate work on the New Sunday teaching of Luther's catechism, even in re­ Kensington High School, New Kensington, Pa., mote country districts. More peaceful times brought Chas. J. Rieger, architect; ornamental-iron, Mar- the development of the handicrafts and guilds, and shalsea Hospital, Marshalsea, Pa., Jno. P. Brennan, before long the tradesmen of the towns had felt the architect for the City of Pittsburgh; ornamental- insufficiency of monkish tuition and Latin. The arts iron for the Loughney Building, Thomas Hannah, of calculation and of commerce were becoming more Architect; ornamental-iron for the Johns Commer­ and more necessary, so that many private schools cial Building, Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh, A. G. for the three R's sprang up, always, however, under Lowe, architect; ornamental-iron for the Gladstone the authority and supervision of the Church. A School, 0. M. Topp, architect; bronze lamp stand­ further stage in development is marked by the grow­ ing appreciation of the evils of ignorance and of the 38 THE BUILDER

value of education in itself. Wurtemberg led the are also very different from those observable in way about 1695 with the formation of public schools, England; but even among the German States them­ held, for obvious economic reasons, on Sundays. By selves there exist wide variations of curriculum and 1740 these schools had come to be regarded as a nec­ method—the results of historical, religious, and po­ essary continuation system, extending for males, litical causes. and females from confirmation to marriage, and, in To discuss artisan education in all its varia­ some instances, attendance could be enforced by tions over Germany would be neither pleasant nor fines and other punishments. Baden introduced profitable; by examining it at its best we might Sunday schools in 1760, and a Bavarian law of 1771 reasonably hope to provide the best lessons for our compelled employers to send their apprentices to own use and instruction. Thus we take Berlin, Sunday schools for the three R's. In 1716, Fred­ probably the greatest manufacturing city in Eu­ erick William I. of Prussia sought to compel adults rope, and examine the education of the artisan to attend Sunday classes; while both he and Fred­ there. jj ' erick the Great insisted on attendance by the un­ Leaving the elementary school at the age of married of both sexes. Attendance in such schools fourteen the future artisan is met by many regula­ was difficult to maintain; good at the beginning of tions. One of these enjoins that every male worker the session it might be, but it quickly fell off. Thus employed within the boundaries of Berlin must, as methods of compulsion became still more prevalent, soon as he has passed through the elementary until in 1803 we find great rigor in the regulations; school, attend regularly the municipal continuation everyone was compelled to attend regularly up to schools until the end of the school half-year in the eighteenth birthday, and only after receiving a which his seventeenth birthday occurs. This in­ certificate of satisfactory attendance, character and cludes every kind of worker, industrial and com­ work, was one allowed to marry, to take up business, mercial, with one or two exceptions; it embraces or be a journeyman. The results of such methods the skilled workman, and what we call in England could not be satisfactory. Thus, private individuals the laborer, or helper, as well as clerks, shop­ endowed schools which did excellent work, chiefly keepers, and the like. It applies, moreover, with in teaching drawing, a subject held in deservedly equal force to those periods when the youth is high esteem by the Germans to-day. unemployed, such as the transition from school to The nineteenth century saw the death of the work, or the interval between leaving one post and Guilds and their oftentimes tyrannous authority. taking up another. The essential object of such a Corporations or companies arose instead, but with measure has been already hinted, later it will be much less civil powers. The masters of the Guilds emphasized, and, from certain points of view, had had considerable disciplinary control over the recommended. In these municipal continuation apprentice, and wielded it with effect. That taken schools there is a great diversity in the careers away, a substitute was needed, and the schools to which the scholars look forward, and, as a were requisitioned to the role of conduct-im­ matter of common-sense, the curricula are modified provers, a position they seem unlikely to relinquish. accordingly. The subjects taught are German, As formers of character and conduct, home life calculation, and drawing, each being adapted to and the Church play a greater part in England the class of pupil, so that while the engineering than in Germany, but of the schools the reverse section are taught mensuration and geometrical holds true. About 1870 powers were given to lo­ drawing, the commercial branch study percentages cal authorities to make attendance in continuation and try to acquire facility in business correspond­ schools compulsory, and a few years later came ence. The hours of instruction are limited to a laws to enforce the equipment of continuation maximum of 300 per annum and a minimum of schools in every district. In 1900 a law, extending 200 per annum, and no fee is charged for the through all the States of the Empire, compelled instruction. The pupil must attend clean and de­ employers to allow all employees under eighteen cently clad, and the employer must not only allow years of age time to attend schools. That law still him to leave his work sufficiently early to per­ holds, and as we shall see presently, not merely for mit of his washing and changing, but must also pro­ evening classes but also for courses of instruction vide the necessary books and instruments prescribed taking up whole days in the week. by the school authorities. A clause in the Statute Thus we see, the chief mile-stones in the de­ provides for the exemption of those who can prove velopment of Germany's artisan education. To see themselves sufficiently well educated, or who are the system as it exists to-day we cannot do better attending an approved course of instruction in some than to follow the life of the artisan himself. This, of the voluntary technical schools or in the schools in the early years, is very like that of his English organized by what we might call the city companies. brother: in fact English and German elementary These latter schools are very interesting, and, in schools are remarkably equal in scope and work. many cases, very good. There is a school for In point of management and administration the plumbers, for joiners, for cabinet-makers, black­ English elementary schools are probably the better; smiths, saddlers, goldsmiths, butchers, and, in fact, for it happens by no means too seldom in the for every conceivable trade, including, be it noted, country districts of some German provinces that chimney-sweeps. These schools are under the the schools are closed for want of fuel in winter, or immediate direction of the respective corporation in the summer time because of scarcity of hands or company, so that the needs of each trade are in the harvest fields. National differences, of well considered, much better in fact than could course, show themselves in many directions, par­ be possible in the municipal continuation schools. ticularly in such matters as open-air part singing The courses are framed in accordance with the fieldsdurin.g Thnature-stude mutualy relationexcursions osf tpupio thl ean woodd teaches anrd importemodern d Germafrom nAmeric fetisha owitf hspecialization all the ,thoroug whichh THE BUILDER 39 conviction of which a scientific mind is capable, of business affairs, and this is not altogether su­ is often inordinately adored. perfluous in a country where rules and regulations In the plumbers' school there are four classes, constitute a large proportion of the complexities of in the first of which mensuration and book­ life. The student is taught how to send a postal or­ keeping are taught, always with a view to the needs der or parcel, to write a letter, to make out an in­ of the trade. Then follow those parts of practical voice, or to inform the police of certain matters es­ geometry which are necessary in sheet metal work, sential to existence in Germany. The course is chiefly interpenetrations and developments. Much based on a compendious text-book, which contains time is devoted to the design of ornamental lead almost all a smith ought to know, and, in fact, a and zinc work, and some really excellent drawings great deal that any man ought to know without be­ are produced. It way be that too much time is ing told. In its pages the juvenile smith is pre­ spent in coloring and shading the drawings, but it sented with several ethical and hygienic admoni­ is not altogether time wasted; the student takes a tions. He is told to be careful in dealing with fire greater interest and pains when encouraged to and light. He is recommended not to wash his produce a nice drawing, and it is possible some face in cold water immediately after work at the little artistic culture results. The instruction in hearth; and he is exhorted to keep his ears clean; the lowest class is from the blackboard, and pupils this is but a small sample. As to the school for are called out to it to solve problems before their chimney-sweeps—German, arithmetic, and draw­ fellows. In the more advanced classes the work is ing are taught; and for the technicalities of the almost entirely at the drawing-board, and each business a journeyman's class is held one hour per student goes his own pace, each with a different week of an evening, but it is a matter for remark problem; the instruction is individual, not by lec­ that few people, even in Berlin, can hear the sweeps' ture. In addition to these classes, which almost school mentioned without revealing a smiling invariably take up the Sunday forenoons, one or amusement. There can be little doubt that the two evenings are devoted to practical work. The need here is over-catered for, and the desire for workshops are excellently equipped with machines instruction, which in the inquisitive human race and teachers, and good opportunities are provided usually outpaces material necessity, seems to have to the apprentice for widening the field of his been anticipated. This almost inevitably follows experience beyond the often narrow routine of his from the system of compulsory attendance, en­ master's practice. forced, as it is, by fines or imprisonment, and a In view of some recent difficulties in England still more striking corollary is the poor spirit and it is well to examine the main conditions under discipline prevailing in the compulsory schools; a which the German youths work. All apprentices vivid contrast is seen in the voluntary schools of are "bound" usually at fourteen years of age, and Berlin, and still more so in the evening classes of always for a period of four years. Formerly the England and Scotland. apprentice "lived in" with his master; nowadays Here we must recapitulate somewhat in order he usually lives at home and receives a food allow­ to make things clear. We have seen that the town ance, or Kostgeld, ranging, as a rule from $1.00 to provides a continuation school, free of charge to $2.00 per week during the four years. The hours students, and every apprentice must attend this of work are between nine and ten per day during school or show grounds for exemption, such as six full days of the week. At the end of his adequate knowledge, or attendance at a school of apprenticeship he must come up for an examination equivalent standard. The courses at the municipal in the theory and practice of his trade, and he compulsory continuation school take up about six must submit a specimen of his work, which is called hours per week, and, as the classes are held during the Gesellenstuck. Passing this examination he the day to avoid the evils of evening study, the pupil is certified a Geselle, or journeyman. Now begins must be absent from his work in order to attend. his Wanderjahre, during which he earns from This explains, perhaps, a good deal of the hetero­ 14 to 19 cents per hour. After a few years of ex­ geneity in the Berlin arrangements for artisan edu­ perience, coupled, as a rule, with further study, he cation ; heterogeneity foreign to Germany, and sel­ may attempt the Meister examination,which, as be­ dom met with there. It explains partly why the fore, is theoretical and practical. Here he must various trade companies have established schools submit a specimen of his hand work, his Meister- which are attended on Sunday mornings, and on one stuck, or master's piece (not the French chef week dav evening, thus obviating anv necessity for d'ceuvre or the English masterpiece), which is gen­ absence from work on the psrt of the apprentice. erally of a remarkably high standard. Given suc­ Of couse there is another and less vulnerable rea­ cess, he is accredited Meister, or master plumber, son: the curriculum can be better adjusted to suit though he is not allowed to use the title before he is particular trade needs, and this may be one reason twenty-four. Then he embarks in business for why Messrs. Ludwig Loewe and Company have a himself or in the direction of work for someone school for apprentices in their own works, to which else. school we shall refer agin later. The other craft schools are conducted on lines In Berlin there is no corporation forfitters and somewhat similar to those of the plumbers; ex­ turners; technical education for these trades is ceptions occur here and there as a result of trade looked after bv the educational committee of the needs or of the personality of those in authority. city and the chamber of industry (Gewerbesaal). The smiths, for example, more than half of whose In the classes arranged by these bodies attendance apprentices "live in" on the old system, follow by those over seventeen years of age is voluntary; methods slightly different, though the tuition is in­ thus the disclipline and conduct are consequently thedividuam elaboratl and specializatioe instructionn carrieis gived nquit in eth ase farconduc. Tot goodder .t o Aexemp few t youngethemselver students frosm alstho eattend compulsor, in ory­ 40 THEBUILDER school. Fees are charged. Classes on mathematics, ferent from the English. "Examples give a machine design, strength of materials, &c, are quicker impression than arguments." It is a held during the week, and on Sunday mornings be­ fact the Germans have learnt very slowly; almost tween 8:30 and 12:30 machine drawing and design not at all. They love argument, and prefer dis­ is taught. The work done is these schools is really quisitions. They are attracted by the so-called good, and employers have been well satisfied in tak­ logical order, the logic of which is often more ap­ ing the better students into their drawing-offices parent than real. They give definitions of things as junior draughtsmen. The arrangement of class- which the greatest of human minds have pro­ work has much to commend it. In one class, for ex­ nounced indefinable, and which most children in­ ample, one may see three students together—a fit­ tuitively grasp. They employ a logic as crude and ter and turner, a tool-maker, and a pattern-maker. elementary as the economics of some Socialists, The fitter will design some complicated bracket and who fail or refuse to realize the human nature of while the pattern-maker draws detailed plans of the humanity; there are English teachers almost as patterns and moulds necessary the tool-maker is bad. Machine drawing is regarded as an applica­ devising jigs to machine it accurately. By this tion of geomtery, and taught as the sequel to a means interest is stimulated and a spirit of co­ course of descriptive geometry, in serene oblivion operation promoted. This, of course, refers to of the fact that an apprentice-fitter attaches little students of about twenty years of age, i. e., in Ger­ importance to the sections of a cone, but can be many usually journeymen of about two years' keenly interested in the sections of a piston or of a standing, and obviously could not be managed with­ cylinder. Spencer's sequence of concrete to ab­ out the individual tuition system. As a rule the stract is ignored, and often inverted. There are student writes a lengthy description of his design, many British workmen and formemen who can un­ with the calculations involved, and attaches it to derstand mechanical drawing perfectly well and the drawing. Often an order list is made out, as have no philosophical grasp of projection; the Ger­ in actual works practice, so that the number of man is different, he must drudge through funda­ parts required may be rapidly and easily seen. mentals. It is well to attend to correctness in the This paragraph gives in brief the arrangements beginnings, but too much introductory teaching ordinarily for thefitter and turner. Fo the clever has other results than clearness; it kills interest. student who has gone through these courses, been Exact knowledge of fundamentals is much more apprenticed at least three years, who desires easily attained through revision than by provision. further instruction and can afford to pay $25 per There is, however, one excellent feature in many of year in fees, a day technical school is provided, the German technical classes—the pains spent on which willfit hi m for the work of the average draw­ free-hand drawing. Students take working parts ing and designing office. and make dimensioned free-hand sketches, from In German technical education, high or low, which complete working drawings are to follow; one feature has assumed great prominence of re­ modifications and improvements of design are en­ cent years—the effort to emphasize the practical. couraged, as in many English classes. The teachers are almost invariably practical men. It will be surprising to many, and unpleasant In the classes for artisans they are usually to some, to have read of the Sunday-morning classes draughtsmen, patient and poorly paid, who are glad in machine drawing. Yet there are many reasons to add to their incomes by spare-time work. This urged in Berlin in favor of the arrangement. It they often overdo. Not seldom one meets a gets the student out of bed on a Sunday morning teacher who during six full days of the week is and allows him to get to bed during the week. Then employed in a works drawing-office, and who is there is the question of the student's hands; the teaching five week nights and the entire Sunday smith, after a heavy day at the anvil, finds his forenoon. These men are employed as teachers fingers insensitive and shaky, others cannot get because they are practical men. Practical men their hands clean for evening work; the interval forsooth; can a man be practical at that? He can between Saturday evening and Sunday affords time certainly be dull and slow and narrow. It is true for two washings. Perhaps the American navvies' the pace is not so fast either for teacher or student custom of working with gloved hands might be as with us in England. The Sunday-morning (Continued in April Issue) class is cut in two by a half-hour interval, when the teachers refresh themselves with beer and rye AIKEN & CO. bread; the students with rye bread. The rate of payment to teachers runs about 70 cents per hour; in London, it should be observed, reasonably good TILE WORK FOR teachers are rare at twice this rate. Poor pay­ ment leads to poor work. Much of the teaching FINE RESIDENCES done at 70 cents per hour is worth a good deal less, and might be cut out altogether. Especially no­ ticeable is this in subjects where the medium of in­ CENTURY BUILDING struction is, or should be, the lecture. Here may PITTSBURGH, PA. frequently be seen a score or more of youths bend­ ing over copy-books, writing down with blind obedience algebraic symbols and complex geometri­ cal constructions dictated to them by their well- meaning teacher with a face as earnest as that of a chilGermad at thn emethod breasts. of teaching are radically dif­ THE BUILDER 41

NONPAREIL PUTTYLESS SKYLIGHT

One of the practical innovations in skylight have been arranged to take care of any water that construction which appears to solve the difficulties might get through, as will be seen by referring.to of the old style putty-constructed affairs is the Non­ Fig. 2, detail 7. pareil puttyless skylight which is manufactured by To test the perfection of these cushions the Rasner & Dinger Company, Second avenue and caps were purposely omitted (Fig. 2, details 3 and Ferry street. 4), leaving the skylight exposed during several se­ One important feature of its construction is vere storms, and never in a single instance has a that no material but metal and glass is used, and of leak or an imperfection of any kind developed. the metal parts one of the most exceptional features Curb clips are riveted to the bar in such a

Figure 2.

Figure 1. manner that, in addition to preventing the glass from slipping, they hold the metal eaves in place in such a way as to allow for expansion and contrac­ is the lead glazing cushion, which is indicated by tion. They also close the ends of the caps, prevent­ mark No. 5 in Fig 2. This cushion has parallel ing the entrance of water or air under the most vertical walls that will conform perfectly to uneven trying conditions, such as a driving storm. This is surface of skylight-glass and is detachable and re­ important not only because it prevents leakage and versible, which permits of its being applied after makes an absolutely tight light, but because the en­ all of the field work except the glazing has been trance of cold air would cause excessive condensa­ done. This is important to the contractor who de­ tion. sires to get satisfactory results and a water-tight Bar Constructions—Referring again to Fig. 2, skylight, since it prevents injury to the cushion No. 7, the princijal part of the bar is shown, the while the rest of the skylight is in process of con­ lower edges of which are bent out and up to form struction. These cushions, beingflexible, are capa­ condensation gutters. The extreme depth and ble of being straightened by a special glazing tool, width of these bars give them great strength, but and are immediately ready to conform to the irregu­ in addition they are reinforced and strengthened by larities of new glass. the bent meteal, No. 6, Fig. 2, which supports the Should it happen that part of this cushion is cushion and glass and forms extra gutters to pre­ torn or cut away it can be removed and reversed, vent leakage. It will be noted that these gutters thus giving double service without additional cost. are on each side of the metal cushion and are of This cushion sets absolutely tight, and permits of ample size to perform their function perfectly. - no space between the glass and the cushion, even These bars are made of both galvanized and when long lights are used. lead-coated steel, and when desired can be made of Since there are two vertical walls in each cush­ black steel and covered with copper. The company ion, and two cushions on each bar, it makes an ab­ does not, however, recommend the latter, as steel solutely water-tight joint, and it is inconceivable under such conditions would rapidly corrode. Be­ that the water could get by both of these walls and ing cold-pressed, the quality of steel in these bars the air space between them. However, gutters is far superior to the hot rolled T-bar generally used by other skylight manufacturers. When skylights 42 THE BUILDER

NONPAREIL PUTTYLESS SKYLIGHT—Continued generally used. The caps are punched so as to are made of lead-coated steel and copper trimmed have an upstanding burr around the bolt, and as the they remain 100 per cent strong indefinitely. nuts are cupped it forms a complete flashing at each Brass T-bolts, shown in No. 1, Fig. 2, pass bolt. through the upper portion of No. 6, Fig. 2, and have Caps are made both plain and with a lead long T-heads, which prevent them from turning, flange. When the flanges are used they are and yet are so arranged as to allow sufficient move­ grooved water-tight to the sheet metal cap, and the ment for expansion and contraction. They are lead can be pressed down to conform to the uneven made from cold-rolled brass rods to insure tensile surface of the glass, insuring a perfectly tight and strength and do not break, as do the cast brass bolts close fit. KINNEAR STEEL FIRE DOORS The recent fire in the McCrory and Frank and This door was properly closed when the stores Seder stores, Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., was one were closed for the day previous to thefire, an d for of the most disastrous and caused possibly as that reason was the means of preventing the spread heavy a loss proportionately as any other fire we of thefire fro m McCrory's into the Frank and Seder have had in the city in recent,years. store-room. It would have been, however, a very different The picture to the right shows the door in place story and the loss would have been almost a total taken from the Frank and Seder side of the wall, one for both stores had it not been for the Kinnear and thoroughly exemplifies the fact that the door Steel Rolling Doors, manufactured by the Kinnear will serve as a protection should they havefires o f Manufacturing Company, Columbus, Ohio, and for the same character every day. which Rasner and Dinger Company, the well known

Fireproof Door on Second Floor. The First Floor Door from Frank & Seder's. architectural sheet metal manufacturers of Second This actual demonstration of the efficiency of Avenue and Ferry Street, this city, are the ex­ these doors as afire protectio n should be very inter­ clusive furnishing and erecting agents in this ter­ esting to architects and builders in this territory ritory. particularly, as well as everywhere that they can be The photographs shown here give a vivid repre­ used. sentation of the tremendous damage that was done There were other Kinnear doors in the building, by the fire. In the corner to the right of the pic­ but they were not so located as to be in the course ture showing effects of thefire i n the McCrory story taken by the fire. is the Kinnear Door which was put up in an entrance It is very gratifying to the Rasner and Dinger way connecting the second story of McCrory's with Company to have such absolute proof of the adapta­ the second story of the Frank and Seder Building. bility of these doors as afire preventative . QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQWWVQ^'W; t * H 3 H A ft! S> H d d d V D *» ^ V puBjsi H lanoa m %% H H H d d d ^9 'IS azudja^ua H H m1S seiuoqjL 29 '3AV >poppBjg H H spjBA H Hounssnid H H H •9AV UAVO^S>[UBJJ 99C9 H H S33IJJ0 IBJ3U3D H 1C1V31JV SNIMN3I ££T9 H H U0I^dUDS9p AJ3A3 JO H H H it H ivimvMjNiaiina H H si­ H H asioxs 'iHAvdo 'OMVS 'awns' H H H srau aooMOHVH H 3 yam mi H H » H Suijood uoi^isoduioo PUB 3[IJL «• H Suijmr) juauia^ :§» >pug 3}BJS A*Bg H SUIDJOJUI=3d S- H Suijooj^ ja^M ANVdWOO «• jajsuid IJBAV H ^U9iu90 ajiiiAV 3WB[g H ^U9UI90 puB|i4°d MSiqaa H H DNiuooij mm H H ANVdWOO A03NN3X f 0H QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ H •itisfiftii-itti-bitisii-itttitiiTii-h H H QQQQQQQQQQJfQ2fQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ& fQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ- S H H % -Suipima .MAIIO j H ft! ... g- Suyooy jaaudQ puv yvydsy a)vj$j H ^ 'aAHB^uasajdajj qSanqs^ij 3 H H '3 •juawaj puajfjoj yog t 'HXIHM V XX03S t H H SIONmi H it H —— H H t cmMnn H OVDIHD SZDIO XDJQ puo jjttg H 'usajo paiwow 'JaAns 'jpeig H H 'UMOJQ 'azv\o 'uaaao *p3^[ :sWTODi H V110D VHH31 9I!X 8lSuRS PUB ueuiJOM 4UBIO H -aJO ,UBiuo>i 'qaxiajj 'qsuicds :S3dVHS > H H H HVHfllDSXIHOHV0<=>«0o H H ONianna >i3Ano ^

H H NHHSiMHIHON 3H1 3XIHAV V XXOOSH H itit-tt-iTititititititii-b-iS-is-b-iiii-riiiiiisit-b^ it^ititit-CtititiSitir-bit-rt-Cxit-hirCt-itit-r^ SF Haaiias 3Hi 44 THE BUILDER

Foster Thy immortal name, Gibes added lustre to Pittsburgh's fame.

THE MELODIES OF Stephen C. Foster

ANGELINA BAKER. OLD DOG TRAY. AWAY DOWN SOUF. OLD FOLKS AT HOME. ANNIE, MY OWN LOVE. OLD BLACK JOE, AH, MAY THE RED ROSE LIVE ALWAY. OPEN THY LATTICE, LOVE. BEAUTIFUL CHILD OF SONG. RING, RING THE BANJO. BEAUTIFUL DREAMER. SADLY TO MINE HEART APPEALING. COME WHERE MY LOVE LIES DREAMING. SOME FOLKS. CORA DEAN. SWEET LITTLE MAID OF THE MOUNTAIN. ELLEN BAYNE. j STAY, SUMMER BREATH. GENTLE ANNIE. THE SOLDIER'S HOME. G'WINE TO RUN ALL NIGHT. THOU ART THE QUEEN OF MY SONG. HARD TIMES, COME AGAIN NO MORE. THE VOICE OF BY-GONE DAYS. I WOULD NOT DIE IN SPRING TIME. THE HOUR FOR THEE AND ME. KISS ME, DEAR MOTHER. THE SPIRIT OF MY SONG. LAURA LEE. THE GLENDY BURKE. LINGER IN BLISSFUL REPOSE. THERE IS NO SUCH GIRL AS MINE. LULU IS GONE. THE VILLAGE MAIDEN. MASSA'S IN DE COLD, COLD GROUND. THE VOICES THAT ARE GONE. MOLLY, DEAR, GOOD NIGHT. UNDER THE WILLOW SHE'S SLEEPING. MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME. UNCLE NED. MOTHER, THOU'RT FAITHFUL TO ME. WHERE HAS LULU GONE? MOLLY, DO YOU LOVE ME? 'WAY DOWN IN CAIRO. MY ANGEL BOY. WE'VE A MILLION IN THE FIELD. NELLY BLY. WILLIE HAS GONE TO THE WAR. NELLY WAS A LADY. WHERE IS THY SPIRIT, MARY? NELL AND I.TH E ABOVE AND 100 MORE SONGS AND HYMNS ARE INCLUDED IN THE LIMITED EDITION OF 500 COPIES AT $5.00 A COPY

PUBLISHED BY T. M. WALKER PITTSBURGH. THE BUILDER 45

•—---"----•-•*

Bell Phone 3761 Cedar Bell 1774 Grant. P. & A. 1774 Main. PITTSBURGH FINISH & STAIR CO. The Garter Electric Co. Mill, Stair and Cabinet ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS Work, Turning and Carving

Electrical Construction Work of all Descriptions

1225 Pennsylvania Avenue OLIVER BUILDING North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. PITTSBURGH, PA.

~7 ROBERT W. ARDARY JOHN G. BURNS HENRY SHENK Ardary-Burns Co.

CONTRACTORS FOR COMPANY HEAVY and GENERAL HAULING Contractors and Builders TEAMS FOR HIRE LIBERTY AVE. and 31st ST. PITTSBURGH, PA. Telephones: P. & A. 103 Lawrence-Bell 103 Fisk. CENTURY BUILDING^ 4 PITTSBURGH

ESTABLISHED 1842 W. IN. Kratzer &, Co. PITTSBURGH IRON & WIRE WORKS Manufacturers STRUCTURAL STEEL TAYLOR & DEAN and STEEL CONSTRUCTION. FIRE ESCAPES FIRE PROOF PORCHES ELEVATOR CABS BANK and OFFICE RAILING Buildings, Roof Trusses, Girders, Columns, <$-c. ELEVATOR ENCLOSURES BUILDERS IRON WORK StructuralShapes in stock WROUGHT IRON FENCES and PORCH RAILING for hurry orders ARTISTIC GRILL WORK IN BRASS, BRONZE OR IRON General Office and Works, Penn Ave. and 25th St. PITTSBURGH, PA. 3212.30 Smallman St. PITTSBURGH, PJi. Bell Telephone 817 Grant P. & A. Telephone 3094 Main

RUDY BROS. CO SANKEY BROTHERS MANUFACTURERS OF DESIGNERS AND ALL GRADES OF WORKERS IN GLASS- STAINED, MOSAIC RED BRICK AND LEADED. :: OFFICE: 2112 CARSON STREET, SOUTH SIDE, HIGHLAND AND CENTER AVENUES, PITTSBURGH E. E. PITTSBURGH, PA. BOTH PHONES 46 THEBUILDER

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQSQititiSit-CtititisisiiiSiSit*^ H GirtrtrfrCrtiirirCrt^^ H H H H H H H H H H H . H H H H H H H H H H H H H H || C. W. GOERLITZ F. F. SCHELLENBERG, C. E. || H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H i> H H it H t t * * t t » 3 t t & 3 H H p. p. ^efyellepber^ H H H H • . H H t t * H H H H H H H H H H H apd Company H H H H H tt­H Htt HH H H Hft! H ft! H H Hf ft5H Ht H'tt­ CONSTRUCTING ttt * ft! H H HtH H# HH H Ht H t itH- JtsH HH H ENGINEERS H H H H H H H H

•» H H H H it H H H H BELL PHONE GRANT 1032 H H H H H H H H H H H H t t H H Oliver Building PITTSBURGH H H t t H* H« H % H tiiisiiirt^-isisisisiiisisisisii^^H | H H tititiiisisitisisiiitisitiiitititii-isi^itisitititit^^^ THE BUILDER 47

Just Around The Corner LOUIS B. TITZEL

From The Painter WHITE HOUSE HARD WOOD FINISHER No. 30 East Robinson Street North Side PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA

Telephones 689 {{j^ Residence Bell Telephone 21 Glenshaw Washington, D. C. On direct car line to Union Station and all other The Graff Company parts of Washington. Close to all leading theatres and the business district. 100 Rooms NEWLY FURNISHED, 50 Baths. MANTELS anJ TILING American Plan $3.00 per day and up. Write for illustrated booklet with map. 955 Liberty Street, CLIFFORD M. LEWIS, Prop. PITTSBURGH,PA.

1 •>-« • • • • • m -»••••••••••« Kittanning Brick & Fire Clay Compahy R. H. ELLIOTT E. KENNEWEC :=AND = Martin Brick Company MANUFACTURERS OF Twin City Art Glass Works HIGH GRADE GRAY, BUFF, MOTTLED AND RED BRICK. Corner SANDUSKY and ROBINSON Streets

P. & A. PHONE 515 NORTH N. S. PITTSBURGH, PA. Empire Building PITTSBURGH, PA. BELL PHONE 334-R CCDAk

W. W. MILLER P.

540 WINEBIDDLE AVENUE, E. E. 510 East Diamond Street PITTSBURGH N. S. PITTSBURGH, PA. 48 THE BUILDER

Bell Phone Brady 355. P. & A. Phone Chester ( THE THOMAS LANE COMPANY

BRUCKMAN LUMBER GO. (Pennsylvania Charter) DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF Ornamental Iron and Bronze Building and Hardwood Lumber, Mill Work Jail and Prison Work Yards ; West Market Street and Preble Avenue

Office : Preble Avenue near Island Avenue Marble, Slate and Onyx N. S. PITTSBURGH, PA. 302 Farmers Bank Building PITTSBURGH

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE, FISK 90 BARTLEY-KENNEDY CO VILSACK, MARTIN & COMPANY Ornamental Iron and Wire Works, ENGINEERING, HEAT= ING AND VENTILATING Iron Stairs and Railing, Fire Proof Porches and Escapes, Fencing and Entrance Gates. Work of Every Descrip­ tion for General Contractors and Builders. 224 THIRD AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 3222 TO 3238 PENN AVENUE PITTSBURG, PA-

Bailey Farrell Bell 'Phone 3976-J Cedar Manufacturing Co, James G. Stedeford A Specialty Repairing Clocks BATH ROOM FIXTURES of other days.

403 Federal Street, Corner Stockton Avenue Third Ave. and Ross St., N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. PITTSBURGH, PA.

W. H. HOFFMANN TELEPHONES : Bell, 1353 Court-P. «• A. 2292 Main RODGERS SAND COMPANY Decorator DEALERS AND SHIPPERS OF w ALL KINDS OF SAND AND GRAVEL FARMERS BANK BUILDING BY BOAT, RAIL OR WAGON PITTSBURGH. 123 Water Street PITTSBURGH, PA. THE BUILDER 49

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ ',QQ QQQQQQQQQQQS IQQQQQQQQQ-QQQQQQ Qt •QQ H it t A LIST OF BUILDINGS IN WHICH THE PLUMBING WAS INSTALLED BY H ft! H GEO. H. SOFFEL COMPANY, Plumbing and Drainage Contractors, H ft! ir ft! Phone: Bell I860 Court 425 SECOND AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. P. & A. 422 Main is OFFICE BUILDINGS Western Theological Seminary RAILROAD DEPOTS H ft! H. W. Oliver Building Pennsylvania College for Women ll Depot, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bessemer Building Kindergarten Building—Blind Institute L, E. Depot, Pittsburgh, Pa. H ft! P. E. Fulton Building Winchester School R. Steubenville Pass. Station H H P. & L. E. R. R, Shops, McKees Rocks Curry Building Franklin School P. & L. E. R. R. Depot, Woodlawn, Pa, it H Jones & Laughlin Building Lee School P. & L. E. R. R, Depot, Aliquippa, Pa. ft< Berger Building Beechview School P. & L. E. R. R. Depot, Monaca, Pa. ft! McCague Building Morse School CHURCHES ft! German Fire Insurance Building Bane School Third V. P. Church H ft! Pressed Steel Car Company Building, McKees Brashear School Church of the Ascension H ft! Rocks. Pa. Chartiers Township School Tree of Life Synagogue H Peoples Bank Building, McKeesport, Pa. Bon Air School Gates of Wisdom Synagogue H ft! Ben Franklin Insurance Co. Building University of Michigan, Hill Memorial ft! Grace Memorial Church H House Building Addition Hutchison Central High School, Buffalo First Baptist Church H Park Building—Remodeling PARKS H HOSPITALS it H Dime Savings Bank Building, Detroit West View Park Presbyterian Hospital H Leader-News Building, Cleveland Coney Island Park South Side Hospital H H Quinby Block, Cleveland WAREHOUSES AND POWER BUILDINGS Monteflore Hospital H H East Pittsbugh Savings and Trust Co, Build­ Best Manufacturing Co., at Oakmont, Pa. St. Joseph's Hospital H ing, East Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsburgh Terminal (48) Warehouses HOTELS H H W. G, Hawkins Building Phipps Power House H Statler Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio H Stambaugh Building Addition, Youngstown, Phipps Manufacturers Building Fort Pitt Hotel Addition H Ohio, Meyer-Jonasson Building H & L, E. R. R. Schenley Hotel—Remodeling H 'tt­ PUBLIC BUILDINGS Speer Building Collins Hotel, Woodlawn, Pa. tt Allegheny County Home Dormitory Packard Motor Car Co, Garage Kelly Hotel H ft! Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial E. J, Thompson Garage MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS it ft! U. S. Postoffi.ce, Wheeling, W. Va. Pittsburgh Taxicab Co. Garage Tur- German Club H U. S. Postoffice, "Wilkinsburg, Pa. Power House, Brunots Island, P. Pittsburgh Athletic Association H ft! U, S. Postoffice, Uptown, Pittsburgh Point Building ft! Christian Home for Working Girls H Alterations to Allegheny County Court House West Penn Paper Co. Building Kipp Land Co. Apartments ft! SCHOOL BUILDINGS Kelly Drug Co. Warehouse H Childs Dining Hall H ft! Carnegie Technical School Group Atlantic Land Co. Garages Victor Apartments ft! Margaret Morrison Building for "Women Westinghouse E. & M, Co. Machine Shop, Byrn Mawr Apartments H ft! Science Building tie Creek, Pa. B. F. Jones, Jr., Residence H H Machinery Hall T. C. Fulton Estate Building J. W. Marsh. Residence H School of Applied Design Kaufmann Bros. Warehouse, Pittsburgh J, M. Russell, Residence H H University of Pittsburgh Arnfeld Building, Pittsburgh ft! Twentieth Century Club H itititisirisitifitiSchool of Mines iisitisisiBuilding iisisiiis-tiiitisitisisitiRegal Sho iiSisisititisisis-ti-tit-ti-ti-tit-ititisisitlsitititititititie Co, Building 100 Residences forTtiiuitisitit-Ctisitisiiitititiiisir Woodlawn Land Company ft! School of Engineering Building Kaufmann Bros. Co. H 100 Residences For John F. Sweeney H ft! School of Medicine Building Devillers Land Co. 25 Residences for Schenley Farms Company ft!QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-Q-lfQQSfQQSiQQSiQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ.QSLSlQQ.QQQQQQQQQ School of Dentistry Building THEATRES H QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQSfQQQQQQStiSiSfQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ,QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ,QQQQQQQQQQQQT. A. McGinley Residence ft!HH Gymnasium Building Harris Theatre E. A, Woods Residence HHH ft! Tenth Ward School District, Allegheny Victoria Theatre Goettman's Mammoth Restaurant ft!H ft! HH Beltzhoover School District Liberty Theatre H H ft! ft! HHH H ft!HH BELL 3148 GRANT ft!H ft! H HHH ft! ft! H HHH ft! ft! HHH ft! ft! HHH ftlft! ft!HH PHOTOGRAPHS ft! ft! ft!HH ft! ft! ft!HH TO ft! ft! ft!Htt ft! ft! ft!HH •ftft! HH •» ft! HH AND CRAFTS HH ARTS ft! ft! HH ft! ft! HH ft! ft! HH HH HH HH tt HH HESS PHOTOGRAPHING COMPANY tt tt HH HH HH HH 212 OLIVER AVENUE HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH PITTSBURGH, PA. HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHtt 50 THE BUILDER

PHONE 133 GRANT

i WILSON CABINET CO.

INTERIOR FINISH FOR FINE RESIDENCES OFFICE AND BANK FIXTURES

2603 PENN AVENUE

J. W. ZWASKA - - MANAGER

PITTSBURGH, PA. J ^y^la^|BlJ»^^vyyy^yBy^^^^^yy^^^)^^nilyl»yylJy^;^^lyyJlty^l^^MW MMUMKHHW ^JHMW-^-WWWWMJ Pittsburgh Clay C Produet Co. M NULTY BROS. CO, i- t- t-

t- --• pine Face Bfiek t- X; %• t- i- Architectural X: Rpehiteetapal Teppa Cotta £• t- I- I- X- piPepPoofing, Building Tile I- t- Sculptors and t- X- t- Vitrified Paving Bpiek t- x- «• X- Plasterers 2 pipe Bpiek and Clay X- I- irtrtrtrtrkirtrhitM -rtrtrtrCrCi Seuuep Pipe, Ete. X- H I' 1014 FRICK BUILDING •J •2 r\eenan Building •2 I CHICAGO 3 Bell Phont 3309 Grant I I CLEVELAND J •3 Sales Agents -1 •3 Rmtriean Enameled firiek & Tile Co. •3 PITTSBURGH •s Tiecu York. •2 X- I >• •3 3 331* COURT BELL TELEPHONE I- •2 Pittsburgh, Pa. I- •3 2- •2 2- rtr(rMk-Mt

•h •3 X' •3 «• •2 X- •3 •3 X- •3 X- W. H. Knodell •3 NATIONAL X- •2 X- X- I- «• PITTSBURGH «• Sheet Metal Worker I- «• Ir Capital Stock - $ 600,000.00 t- For your information. « «• !• Surplus and 2- 1,631,781.55 I Undivided Profits «• KNODELL GIVES SERVICE IN EVERY «• frtrtr&frftftirtrtrtr&ftiitift «• I- SENSE OP THE WORD. BOTH IN X- OFFICERS X- I> WORKMANSHIP AND MATERIAL WILLIAM PRICE X- President 5 D. C. WILLS Cashier J; W. 0. PHILLIPS Asst. Cashier J: • DIRECTORS 2- I- W. B. RODGERS J. McKINNEY X- I- BARNETT 2- JAMES L. STUART A. X- 510 WEISER STREET SLICK 2- JOHN W. ROBINSON E. «• D. C. WILLS WETTINGEL 2- . MKMM: A. «• S.A. PICKERING WILLIAM PRICE >• | W2SXH» N.S.PITTSBURCH,PA. J. D. CALLERY A. M. STEWART 4 2- I *fti><>AAftft»rtaftftft<>ft<>ftftftt><>ftftfr!Mr»Jrtri»t!rfX-t gf fi!"

SANKEY BROTHERS

MANUFACTURERS OF

ALL GRADES OF RED BRICK

OFFICE :

2112 CARSON STREET, SOUTH SIDE, PITTSBURGH

BOTH PHONES

I