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The Illinois Wild and Scenic River Study

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The Illinois Wild and Scenic River Study U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION & RECREATION SERVICE THE ILLINOIS . WILD & SCENIC RIVER STUDY Final Report U.S. Department of Interior Heritage Conservation & Recreation Service ·August, 1979 As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes foster­ ing the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdooor rec­ reation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. administration. Department of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service Chris T. Delaporte TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Sunnnary of Fin.dings, Recommendations and Costs-------------- 1 Important Findings---------------------------------------- 1 Recommendations------------------------------------------- 1 Non-Federal Costs----------------------------------------- 2 I I. Introduction--·---------------------------------------------- 4 Background------------------------------------------------ 5 III. Conduct of Study-------------------------------------------- 7 Public Involvement---------------------------------------- 7 IV. Findings and Recommendations-------------------------------- 12 Major Findings-------------------------------------------- 12 Qualification--------------------------------------------- 13 Classification-------------------------------------------- 14 Recommendations------------------------------------------- 17 Background---------------------------------------------- 17 Proposal-----...,----.--------------------------------------- 18 Area of jurisdiction---------------------------------- 19 Protection techniques--------------------------------- 20 Management objectives--------------------------------- 21 Recreation deve'.lopment-------------------------------- 24 Costs------------------------------------------------- 26 National designation---------------------------------- 26 Administrative Options Considered------------------------- 27 V. Overview of the Resource------------------------------------ 29 VI. Resource Characteristics------------------------------------ 32 Terrain--------------------------------------------------- 32 Soils----------------------------------------------------- 34 Climate--------------------------------------------------- 35 Ground Water---------------------------------------------- 35 Water Quality--------------------------------------------- 36 Flow Characteristics-------------------------------------- 38 Flora----------------------------------------------------- 42 Fauna------------------------------------------------~--- 44 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) VII. Cultural and Socio-Economic Characteristics------------------ 48 Pre-history------------------------------------------------ 48 History---------------------------------------------------- 48 Population------------------------------------------------- 51 Employment------------------------------------------------- 51 Economy---------------------------------------------------- 52 Agriculture and Horticulture------------------------------- 54 Recreation Enterprises------------------------------------- 56 Economic Geology------------------------------------------- 57 Recreation and Tourism------------------------------------- 57 Land Ownership--------------------------------------------- 64 Land Use--------------------------------------------------- 64 Development------------------------------------------------ 65 Water Rights----------------------------------------------- 73 Regional-Local Plans--------------------------------------- 74 A. Flint Creek Power Plant------------------------------ 74 B. Northwest Arkansas Regional Water Quality Management Plan------------------------------------ 76 C. Irrigation Water for Western Oklahoma---------------- 76 D. Camp Gruber Energy Park------------------------------ 76 E. Flint Ridge Development------------------------------ 77 F. Potential Impoundments------------------------------- 78 G. Bridges---------------------------------------------- 80 VIII. Analysis and Evaluation of the Recommendation and Federal Administration Alternative--------------------------------- 81 Display of net effects for recommendation------------------ 83 Display of net effects for federal administration alternative---------------------------------------------- 85 Beneficial and adverse effects of the recornmendation------- 87 Beneficial and adverse effects of the federal administration alternative------------------------------- 89 Surnmary comparison of federal alternative and recornmendation------------------------------------------- 91 Recommendation assumptions--------------------------------- 93 Federal administration alternative assumptions------------- 95 IX. Assessment of the Probable Environmental Impacts of the Recommendation--------------------------------------------- 98 Introduction------------------------------------------------- 98 Fish and Wildlife--------------------------------------------- 98 Aesthetics--------------------------------------------------- 100 Vegetation--------------------------------------------------- 101 Air Quality-------------------------------------------------- 102 Water Quality------------------------------------------------ 102 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Historical and Archeological Elements------------------------ 104 Local Economics---------------------------------------------- 105 Recreation--------------------------------------------------- 106 Land CMnership----------------------------------------------- 107 Water Resource Projects-------------------------------------- 107 Soi ls--·------------------------------------------------------ 10 8 Transportation and Utility Routes---------------------------- 108 X. Appendices-·------------------------------------------------------ 110 A. Oklahoma Scenic Rivers--------------------------------------- 111 B. Scenic River Commission L.egislation-------------------------- 113 c. Animal species---------------------------------------------- 126 D. Historic sites----------------------------------------------- 134 E. Responses from Water planning Agencies----------------------- 135 F. Agency Gmmnents en Draft Report----------------------------- 143 XI. Sources of Information------------------------------------------ 154 LIST OF MAPS I. Vicinity Map---------------------------------------------------- 3 II. Scenic Rivers of Oklahc:ma---------------------------------------- 6 III. Classification of River Segments--------------,----------------- 16 IV. River Manag1~ment Zones------------------------------------------ 20 a V. Segment Landmarks and Gauging· Stations-------------------------- 41 VI. Historic Sites--------------------------------------------------- 50 VII. Sand and Gravel Operations------------------------------------- 58 VIII. Bridges, FiBhennan Access, and Potential Trail Sites------------- 59 IX. Development------------------------------------------------------ 70 X. Potential Dam Sites---------------------------------------------- 79 LIST OF FIGURES I. Typical Soil Associations--------------------------------------­ 34 II. Stream Profile Chart of the Illinois River----------------------­ 39 III. Conceptuali2:ed Visual Corridor---------------------------------- 66 LIST OF TABLES I. Administrative Options for River Management---------------------- 28 II. Beneficial Uses of the Study Streams---------------------------- 38 III. Common Vegetation------------------------------------------------ 42 IV. Selected Social Characteristics--------------------------------- 53 V. Major Agricultural and Horticultural Practices------------------- 55 iii I SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND COSTS IMPORTANT FINDINGS 1. The Illinois River in northeastern Oklahoma, from the Arkansas­ Oklahoma State line downstream to the headwaters of Tenkiller Ferry Reservoir, qualified to be added to the National Wild and Scenic River System. Also qualifying are two tributaries, Flint Creek and Barren Fork Creek from the State line to their mouths. The three streams total 115 miles in Oklahoma (see map, page 3). 2. The Illinois River, Flint Creek and Barren Fork Creek (up to present alignment of U.S. Highway 59) are currently in the Oklahoma State Scenic River System (see map, page 6). 3. The Illinois River is among the top recreation/tourism attractions in its surrounding region. 4. The three streams support significant agricultural and horticultural practices, as well as numerous commercial canoe liveries. 5. The three streams are subject to various projects which, while not directly impacting on the streams, may have an impact on their aesthetic and environmental values. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Federal management of the streams is not recommended. Instead, it is recommended that an a~ency of the State of Oklahoma administer the qualified stream segments specified above. The most appropriate agency is the newly established Oklahoma Scenic River Commission (see page 17 for a discussion of the Commission's authorities)" 1 2. At this time, it is not recommended
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