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CHIP SEAL DESIGN and SPECIFICATIONS Final Report

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CHIP SEAL DESIGN and SPECIFICATIONS Final Report CHIP SEAL DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS Final Report SPR 777 CHIP SEAL DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS Final Report SPR 777 by Ashley Buss Minas Guriguis Benjamin Claypool Doug Gransberg R. Christopher Williams for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Section 555 13th Street NE, Suite 1 Salem OR 97301 and Federal Highway Administration 400 Seventh Street, SW Washington, DC 20590-0003 December 2016 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-OR-RD-17-03 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Chip Seal Design and Specifications December 2016 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Ashley Buss, Minas Guriguis, Benjamin Claypool, Doug Report No. Gransberg, and R. Christopher Williams SPR 777 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Oregon Department of Transportation Research Section 11. Contract or Grant No. 555 13th Street NE, Suite 1 Salem, OR 97301 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Oregon Dept. of Transportation Covered Research Section and Federal Highway Admin. Final Report 555 13th Street NE, Suite 1 400 Seventh Street, SW 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Salem, OR 97301 Washington, DC 20590-0003 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Chip seals or seal coats, are a pavement preservation method constructed using a layer of asphalt binder that is covered by a uniformly graded aggregate. The benefits of chip seal include: sealing surface cracks, keeping water from penetrating the surface, provides an anti-glare surface, minimizes the effect of aging as it seals the pavement surface, provides a highly skid-resistant surface and is cost effective. This study summarizes performance and the methodology used for developing specifications and a rational chip seal design in Oregon. Test sections included both emulsified asphalt and hot- applied chip seal applications. The pre and post construction pavement performance information is presented and analyzed. Post-construction analysis of the chip seals includes macrotexture analysis, dynamic friction testing to measure microtexture and pavement performance surveys. The underlying pavement conditions were classified from being very good to very poor performance. In this study, a comparison of field performance on test section is developed to recommend best practices and develop a rational design methodology. A comparative study between the application of McLeod method and New Zealand method is performed to evaluate the best chip seal design methodology for adoption into the State chip seal specifications. The results will also determine if the macro-texture based New Zealand chip seal performance specification is applicable for Oregon chip seals. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement chip seal, asphalt emulsion, hot-applied, chip seal Copies available from NTIS, and online at design, chip seal specifications http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ 19. Security Classification 20. Security Classification 21. No. of Pages 22. Price (of this report) (of this page) 167 Unclassified Unclassified Technical Report Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Printed on recycled paper i SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS When You Multiply When You Multiply Symbol To Find Symbol Symbol To Find Symbol Know By Know By LENGTH LENGTH in inches 25.4 millimeters mm mm millimeters 0.039 inches in ft feet 0.305 meters m m meters 3.28 feet ft yd yards 0.914 meters m m meters 1.09 yards yd mi miles 1.61 kilometers km km kilometers 0.621 miles mi AREA AREA millimeters millimeters in2 square inches 645.2 mm2 mm2 0.0016 square inches in2 squared squared 2 2 2 2 ft square feet 0.093 meters squared m m meters squared 10.764 square feet ft 2 2 2 2 yd square yards 0.836 meters squared m m meters squared 1.196 square yards yd ac acres 0.405 hectares ha ha hectares 2.47 acres ac ii kilometers kilometers mi2 square miles 2.59 km2 km2 0.386 square miles mi2 squared squared VOLUME VOLUME fl oz fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters ml ml milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz gal gallons 3.785 liters L L liters 0.264 gallons gal ft3 cubic feet 0.028 meters cubed m3 m3 meters cubed 35.315 cubic feet ft3 yd3 cubic yards 0.765 meters cubed m3 m3 meters cubed 1.308 cubic yards yd3 NOTE: Volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3. MASS MASS oz ounces 28.35 grams g g grams 0.035 ounces oz lb pounds 0.454 kilograms kg kg kilograms 2.205 pounds lb short tons (2000 T 0.907 megagrams Mg Mg megagrams 1.102 short tons (2000 lb) T lb) TEMPERATURE (exact) TEMPERATURE (exact) (F- 1.8C+3 °F Fahrenheit Celsius °C °C Celsius Fahrenheit °F 32)/1.8 2 *SI is the symbol for the International System of Measurement ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the Oregon Department of Transportation for supporting this research. Thank you to the technical advisory committee for their suggestions and assistance. Special thanks to Jon Lazarus and Larry Ilg. Thank you to the Oregon DOT special operations crew for traffic control. Thank you to the chip seal contractors and asphalt suppliers for providing information and their assistance on the construction site. Thank you to Paul Ledtje, Marie Grace Mercado, Jinhua Yu, and Jesse Studer at Iowa State University for their help in collecting field data. DISCLAIMER This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Oregon Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The State of Oregon and the United States Government assume no liability of its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors who are solely responsible for the facts and accuracy of the material presented. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Oregon Department of Transportation or the United States Department of Transportation. The State of Oregon and the United States Government do not endorse products of manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK .................................................................... 1 1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT ...................................................................................................... 2 1.4 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CHIP SEAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................. 5 2.1 CHIP SEAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 5 2.2 TYPES OF CHIP SEAL ......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 CHIP SEAL MATERIALS ...................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Asphalt Binder ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Chip Seal Aggregate ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.3.2.1 Aggregate Size, Gradation and Uniformity ..................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2.2 Particle Shape and Flakiness ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2.3 Aggregate Cleanliness ..................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2.4 Strength, Durability and Resistance to Abrasion ............................................................................................. 12 2.3.2.5 Aggregate Pre-coating ..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2.6 Aggregate Imaging System and Equations ...................................................................................................... 13 2.4 CHIP SEAL DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 15 2.4.1 McLeod Design .................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4.1.1 McLeod Binder Application Rate ................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1.2 Aggregate Characteristics Considered in McLeod Design: ............................................................................. 19 2.4.1.3 Traffic Volume adjustments in the McLeod Design ....................................................................................... 19 2.4.1.4 McLeod Design Loss of Aggregate Due to Traffic (Traffic Whip-Off) .......................................................... 19 2.4.1.5 McLeod
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