Éìa Bollettino Malacologlco, Roma, 38 (9-12): 1 49-154, [2002] 2003 - Società ltaliana di Malacologia g

A new of Haliotidae (, ) in the ltalian Pliocene

Alaurizia Forli. Brurno Dell'Augelo, Fabio Cìappelli & l[arco Tatiatti

KEY WORDS: Haliotrdae, , new species, Pliocene, Tuscany, Italy

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INTRODUCTION Pliocene beds of the Italian peninsula are long known to be amongst the wodd's most productive sources of fossil molluscs. In spite of such richness and diversity, only one species belon- ging to the family Haliotidae Rafinesque, 1811 (Mollusca, Vetigastropoda), i.e., the Neogene-to-Recent Haliotis tuberculala Linté 1718, and its form lamellosoides Sacco, 1897, was reported so far for the Italian (and Mediterranean) Pliocene. Four additio- nal species are recorded in the Mediterranean Miocene, i.e. .É1, oaata Michelotti, 1847 (Bonelli, 1827, ms), H. monìlifera Miche- lotti, 1847 (Bonelli, 1827, ms) H. anomiaeformis Sacco, 1897 and H. rorrei Ruggieri, 1990 (Mrcnnrorrr, 1847; Sacco, 1897; INZANT, 1983; Ruccmru, 1990; Cavarro & REpErro, 1992). Recent excavations in lower Pliocene deposits of Tuscany (cen- tral Italy) have unhearthed an astonishing mollusc assemblage containing four nominal taxa belonging to Haliotidae (abalones) Fig.1 - Locatior-r n-rap of the [ossiliferous olrtcrop including one species new to Science and described herein. This specilìc olÌtcrop, hou,ever:, apparentlv esc:rped the attention MATERIAL AND METHODS of research and amateur palncontologists probablv because loca- Source of the material tecl in a clenselt' fbrestecl trrea. The source of the material under study is a thin succession of The sequence consists of about 10 metres of fine to corlrse, sands and pebbly sands, outcropping along a steep slope at 'Ser- highly tbssililerous sancls ri,ith an intercalated lens of shellr' peb- re di Rapolano', north of the small town of Rapolano, Siena pro- bly-sanc1 (FiS. 2). Both Iithologies contain diverse ancl u'e11-pre- vince, Tuscany, 43"20,30'N, 11"31 ,89'E; this locality can be servecl, sl'rellecl macroftrunal assem l',lages *'ith prevai l i ng mollu - found in Carta Topografica d'kalia, 1994 (sheet i. 297 , Sezione scs, mostl), concentrated nithin the pebblv sands (see Appen- I, Castelnuovo Berardenga). The precise site (referred to as clix). The assemblages are clearLl, clominated by species indica- Stroncoli hereafter) is situated at c.321 m above sea level, ting verv shallor.,,, infralittoral-sublittoral provenances, as pro- between Podere Marocco and Podere Stroncoli, at the confluen- ven b-v the occur-rence

1). The general area of Serre di Rapolano (and the locality [inné, I,- 6t ), lscbnr.,cb ì ron ri.r.;oi (Pay,raucìeau, 1826). A cd nt h,rhi - known as Il Campino) is recorded in the palaeontological litera- tona Ja.rcìcttlarlr (Linné,1;67), Halirtrìs spp., Partllt spp., GìL;httla ture as a source of interesting Pliocene molluscs (Ltcut, 1984; spp., ll,tnodrtntd turbinttttt (Born, 1 :78), lLtnrtdontt a rt i ctt /t ta Sp,q.»rrvr, 1986; ANonpolr & MARSrcrr, 1991). (Lamarck, 1822), Nerita zatiniìBertarelli & Inzani. 198), etc.

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Berardenga); between Podere Marocco and Podere Stroncoli, at m0 the confluence of the Borro di Stroncoli stream with an unna- med one.

Type material: Holotype, Zoological Museum, University of Bologna }{ZB 25046 (81,2 x 19 x 17 mm), Paratype 1 MZB 2)047 (6t x 46 x 12 mm), paratype 2 MZB 2504t1 (incomple- te). 3 Paratypes, temporalty deposited in the particular collec- tìon of F. Ciappelli (Paratype J: 111 x 82 x 18,4 mm; Paratype 4: I07 x 78,8 x 21 mm; Paratype 1: 66,2 x 46,4 x 10,i mm;); sano FI 1 Paratype, temporarily deposited in the particular collection of ffi Pebblysand D. Bertini (Paratype 6: 105 x 87 x 7 mm). , macrofossils }É plant remains Erymology: This species is named after Daniele Bertini, ama- teur palaeontologist and fellow of the Italian Malacological 13 Society, who discovered this new taxon.

Stratigraphic and geographic distribution: early Pliocene: Fig.2 - Lithostratigraphic log Italy (Tr-rscany: Stroncoli), Morocco (Agadir).

Comparisons: SYSTEMATICS The most distinctive character of this new species is the presen- ce of very strong, spaced, and scaly concentric cords. There is Order Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1980 little doubt that the shell figured by LtcorNrnr (1912 p|.28, Family HaÌiotidae Rafinesque, 181) fig. 14) from the Pliocene of Agadir, Morocco, and by this Gents Haliotìs Linné, 1718 author incorrectly attributed to H. ttrbercalata var. rnanìlifera Michelotti, 1847, belongs here. The Miocene taxon described Haliutìt bertinii new species by Michelotti can be separated from H. bertinii (similar in gene- (PI. 1, Figs 1-6; Pl. 2, Figs 1-10) ral outline and elevation) since its spiral cords are more nLlme- rous, considerably thinner, not continuous and displaying small Haliatit trrbermlata var. nonìlìfera Michelotti, 1847- Lecointre, nodules; the carina is shaped differently, and true tubercles 1c)12: 88, p|.28, fig.11, overs cords and tremata are lacking. Ha/ìotis anoruiaeforntis introducecl by Sacco (1897) from the Miocene beds of the Description: Turin hills, shows similar tubercle-bearing cords, but it differs Shell relatively large for genus (up to 1 11 mm in length) in shape and elevation of the shell. Unfortunately, Sacco's mate- auriform, robust, heavy sculptured. close to edge of shell, rial is no longer traceable in the Belltrrdi-Sacco collection hou- not very elevated. Dorsal side of last wl.rorl beginning slightly sed in the Turin Museum and the rather general original inflated then becoming progressively flat; ornamentation of lasr description and poor iconography (Sacco, 1897, pl. 1, fig. 1)) consisting of 6 very prominent ridged, concentric, spiral prevent at this time any further evaluation ofthis elusive taxon. cords, tuberculated; the first for-rr regularly spaced, wrth inter- Among Recent taxa, none appears comparable to H. bertinìi cord spaces grooved by minor and spaced striae; fifth corre- with the exception of Halìotìs jacttensis Reeve,1846 (see Grlcrn, sponds to row bearing trematae, sixth corresponds to lateral 1!p8: Figs 16-17, and 2000: fig. 124). The general shape and margin carina, more protruding than fifth cord; space between ornamentation of tl'ris Pacific species resemble those of H, berti- cords 1 and 6 almost smooth, with exception of growth lines. nii but number, shape and disposition of spiral cords are diffe- Spiral cords poorly distinct and more numerous in earÌy whorls, rent and the dimensions of tl-re Recenr taxon are much smaller. becoming remarkably elevated starting from mid part of last whorl; tremata conspicnously raised, scaled and prom.inent, even CONCLUDING REMARKS in juveniles; last four tremata completely opened, previous The discovery of a new species of a large-sized mollusc in the siphonal openings partially or completely closed, typically ante- Italian Pliocene should be regarded as significant, considering riorly-bent. Oblique, transverse ornamentatlon consisting of how much work has been carried out in approx.imately two cen- tl-rin, close-spaced striae, barely corrugated surface. Columeilar turies of investigations ìn this territory by prominent scholars as edge flat, expanded, merging into thin, arched labial margin. Brocchi, De Stefani, Pantanelli and many others. The present finding is remarkable also because the overall fossil Type locality: Serre di Rapolano, Siena province, Tuscany, documentation of family Haliotìdae is rather meager (SOHL, 43'20,30'N, 11"31 ,89'E (Istituto Geografico Militare, 1994 1992; Gucrn e< Gnovrs, 1999). Carta Topografica d'Italia, sheet n. 297, Sezione I, Castelnuovo Subtropical-tropical conditions are clearly suggested by the

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occurrence of warm-water stenothermal taxa such as Strorubus SPECIES sand pebbly sand clrznatlts Defrance, 1827 among others. Therefore, H. betinii C alliastorna canalas (Linné, 17 18) x

can be considered as a warm-water species, likely becoming G i b b a I a adan s on i i (P ay rardea,:t, | 82 6) extinct as a result of the mid-Pliocene climatic deterioration Gibbula betarellii Andreoli * Marsigli, 1997 x responsible of a decimation of many srenothermal molluscs Gibbula distefunoi (Crema, 1903) x (e.g., Rarrr & Manasn, 1982). G ibbula ricbardi (Payraudeau, 1826) x Halioti.r hertiniì does not seem to have any obvious link to the G ì bùu la senzirotunda Sacco, 189 6 Àx Recent European Atlantic abalone fauna, rather its closer relati- Gibbula stbs*igosa (d'Orbigny, 1812) x ve (based upon shell featr-ires) dwells in the Pacific region (H. Gìbbula teraossae Spadini, 1981 x jacnensìs). As a working hypothesis, this species may be possibly G ibbula rarbìnoides (Deshayes, 1 83 1) x regarded as belonging to a lineage inhabiting the Tethyan D i luru ltatu lum (Brocchi, 1 8 14) x realm in the Miocene, becoming exrinct in its western part Danilia s ttblirnbata (d' Orbigny, 1812) x during the lower Pliocene and restricted at present to the Paci- Moaodonta turhinata (Born, 1778) fic region. articulata Qamarck, 1822) x Jfabinus stiatus (Linné, 1718) x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS J ujubiws exasperatus (Pennant, 1 777) x pullus The Authors are indebted to Daniele Bertini for his generous Trtcolia fl.inné, 17)8) x c a (Michard, loan of fossil Haliotidae and precious collaboration in the field; Trì I ia ten u ì s 1829) x we thank Daniel Geiger and Giulio Pavia who assisted us in Nerita zatinii Bertarelli * Inzani, 1985 xx (Linné, various ways. This is IGM scientific contribution n. 1270. Bolma rugosa 17 67) xx C aitbi um au I gatum Brugùere, 17 92 xx APPENDIX Ceritbiunt crenat,lm (Brocchi, 18 14) x C eritlt i um aaricotunr (Brocchi, 1 8 1 4) x Molìusca associated with Haliotis batinii n.sp. Bittìum reticulatam (Da Costa, 1778) x Rissoina pusilla (Brocchi, 1814) x SPECIES sand pebblv sancl P aaloconcbas glomaatu: (Litné, 17 18) x Classis POLYPLACOPHORA Strombus coronatas Defrance, 1827 x l-epidapleunts clxjetanils (Poli, 1 79 I ) x Calyptraea cbinenis (Linné, 1718) xx bpidoplearus tancellarus (Sowerby G.B.II, 1840) x C repìdala angaifonùs Lamarck, 1822 x C allocbiton rcptunaalz,zr (Montagu, 1 803) x Xenop bora infundi buluru (Brocchi, 1 8 14) x Iscbnoch iton rì ss ai (P ay rardeaq L826) x S cb ì lderia Jlaaiut la (Lamarck, 7810) x Leltidocb itana caprearum (Scacchi, I 836) x Zanarìa parcellas (Brocchi, 1814) x Lepidacbitona cinaea (Ltnné, l7 67) x Triuia dinidiata (Bronn, 1831) x C h i t on saen ien s ì s Laghi, 1984 x Erato aoluta pernana Sacco,1894 x Cbiton corallinus (Rìsso, 1826) x Natica tigrìna (Defiance, 182)) x Acanthacbitona cinita (P ennant, L7l 1 ) x N ercrìta josep h inia Flisso, 7826 x Acanthochitona (Linné, 17 67 x fascicularis ) Sinalil §ri,ttltln De Serres, 1829 x Craspedochiton altaùllmsis (Seguenza, 1876) x Ficus communis (Roding, 1798) x Cypruumssis psndocrunena (d' Orbigny, l8t2) x Classis GASTROPODA Monopborus peruersus (Linné, 1718) x Subclassis PROSOBRANCHIA Cerìrbiopsis sp. x Patella sp. Epìtoniam sp. x Patella cf , caaulea Linné, 1718 Bolinus branclaris torularizs (Lamarck, 1822) x (Linné, Dìodora graua 1718) x Hexaplex tranculas conglobatus (Michelotd, 184 1) x x Diodora italica (Defftnce, 1820) x O cmebra las sa i gne i ari es i aza (Fontannes, 1 882) x x

Enurginula sicu la Gruy, 1821 x Ocenebra polymorpha (Brocchi, 1 8 14) x Emargìnala solidula Costa O.G., 1829 x Tbaìs cannectens (Bellardi, 1882) x x Emargìnella buzardii (Payraudeau, 1 826) x T hais boernesiana (Pecchioli, 1864) x Ha lior ìt lame I losaides Sacco, 1 897 x Naxarìus sp. x Haliotis bertinii n.sp. x N atsarius angalattu (Brocchl, 7814) x Haliotis sp.l x Mitra sp. x Haliotis sp.2 x Vexillum ebenus (Lamatck, 1811) x cruciatus (Linné, 1758) x Conus nnrcatìi Brocchi, 18i4 x Clanculas eleuatus Spadtni, 1986 x Canus pyrula Brocchi, 1814 x Clanculus jtxsieui (Payraudeau, 1826) x Contx sp. x Clanrulas sp. x ùIangelìa sp. x

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= Rarrt S., & MARASTT R., 1982. The Mediterranean bioprovince from the SPECIES sand pebbly sand Pliocene to the Recent: observations and hypothesis based on the Subclassis HETEROBRANCHIA evolution of the taxonomic cliversity of molluscs. In: Mr:ntanaro Heliacas thaesae (Semper, 1861) x GalÌitelli (ed.) Puleantology; Etsentitl of Hìstarical Geology. Mucchi, Subclassis OPISTOBRANCHIA Modena, 151-177. Rìngicula uentricasa (Sowerby, 1 82)) x RuccrrRr G., 1990. Una Haliotìs del Miocene superiore (Saheliano) della

Classis BIVALVIA Sictlia. B o I let t i n o ùIa I aca ht gi co, 25 : 3 49 - 3 1 4. Subclassis PROTOBRANCHIA SACCo F., 1891. I A4ollurhì dei terrenì terziarì del Pìenante e della Ligaria. Parte Nuurla sp. x XXll. Gasteroloda (fìne). Anpbìneara. Scaphofada. Carlo Clausen: Subclassis PTEROMORPHIA 14! pp., Torino.

Barbaria scaltra (Poli, 1791) x SoHL N.F., 1!p2. Upper Cretaceous gastropods (Fissurellidae, Haliotidae, Srrìana lactea (Linné, 175B) x Scissurellidae) from Puerto Rico and Jamaica. Jotrnal of Pa/eortolog1,. G lyryn rcris ìnutlriLa (Broccht, l8l 4) x 66:81-85. Cblanrys mulristriata (Poli, 179)) x SPADINI V., 1986. Contributo alla conoscenza dei (Gastropoda: Chlanry: pe:fe/ì: (Linné, 1718) x x Archaeogastropoda) del , Senese: specie nLrove o poLo conosciure. Bollettina A/[alaca/ogìco, 22: 85-90. Spandylus gmcleropu Linné, 1758 x Anomia ephìppitnn Linné, 1758 x P adodevnus parelliftnni: (Linné, I1 6l) x C tbitovrea frondov (De Serres, 1 829) x Subclassis HETERODONTA Codakia leonina (Basterot, 1825) x Ctmct clecl./:sdta (Costa O. G.,l82L)) x

Carclita calycalata (Linné, 17 5 u) x Chana gryphoides Linné, 1718 x Psetrclocbanta gry,lthina (I:tmarck, l8l9) x C bamelea gal / ina (Linné, 77 ) 8) x Calliya iralica (Defrance, 181i1) x Callista prclla (Philippi, 1814) x

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CAvALLo O., & RlpErro G., 1992. Cancbiglie fa.tsìli del Roera. Atlttnte ìcanografico. ,{ssociazione Naturalisticu Piemontese, Memorie 2: 1 -2)7.

GEI(;[R D.L., 1998. Recent Genera and Species of the Family Haliotidae Rafine-

sque, 1 8 1 5 (Gastropoda: Veti6;astropoda). T he N a u i I m, I I 1 : 85- 1 1 6.

GETcER D.L., 2000. Disrribution and Biogeography of the Recent Haliotidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) §(orld-wide. Ballettiw ùIalacologìco, 35(5-tZ), 1999: 51 -120.

GEI(;ER D.L., & GRovES L.T., 1999. Review of fossil Abalones (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae) with comparison to Recent species. J ournal of P aleontal0g1, 7 3 : 872-885. IxzaNt A., 1983. Rinvenimenro di alcuni esemplari di Halioti: (Sulcrlus) nbernlatu lanello:oides Sacco nel Pliocene della Val Chiavenna (PC). Notiziarìo cli llineralogìa e Paleantologìa, 36: l2-lJ.

ISTITUTO GEOGRAFICO MILITARE, l9L)4. CaÌta Topografica d'Italia, scala 1:25000, F.297 sezione I, Castelnuovo Beradenga. IGMI Firenze.

Lecnr G.F., 1984. Sorprendente densita' di Chiton saeniensis n. sp. in sabbie gialle plioceniche dei dintorni di Serre di Rapolano (Srena). Bollettì- no rlel lluteo Regionale cli Scienze Nanrali, Torino, 2: 555-564-

L[cotNTRE G.,19i2. Recherches sur Ie Néogène et le Quaternaire marins de ia cote Atlantique du Maroc. Serùce Gialogiqne, Notes et Mémoires, 99: 173 pp.,28 pls.

MI(:uEr-orrI G., 1847. Detcription des Fo-rsìle.r les tlrrerins tniocenes de l'Italìe sep- Lavoro accettato il 14 Maggio 2002 tentriontle. A.Aruz & C. ed.: ,i08 pp., Leiden.

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